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The primary objective of this study was to identify the metabolic pattern in the brains of betel quid dependent (BQD) individuals using 18F‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose‐positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET). A total of 42 individuals (16 BQD individuals and 26 healthy controls, HCs) enrolled at the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Xiangya Hospital underwent brain 18F‐FDG‐PET. Group comparisons using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) were performed to identify the 18F‐FDG‐PET patterns. Standardized uptake value ratios of anterior cingulate, frontal, thalamus, parietal, occipital, temporal and cerebellum were calculated by SPM. The characteristics of abnormal metabolism in brain regions were quantified using the xjView toolbox, and a 3‐D brain map was drawn using BrainNet Viewer. We found significant metabolic reduction in the bilateral middle prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the left orbital frontal gyrus (OFC). In contrast, hypermetabolism was observed in the inferior cerebellum, fusiform, superior cerebellum, parahippocampal, vermis, lingual and thalamus. However, we found no significant difference between the BQD and HC group in the anterior cingulate, thalamus, cerebellum and frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. In summary, we found abnormal 18F‐FDG‐PET metabolic pattern in BQD individuals, and this pattern may help the treatment of BQD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this study was to identify the metabolic pattern in the brains of betel quid dependent (BQD) individuals using 18 F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography ( 18 F-FDG-PET). A total of 42 individuals (16 BQD individuals and 26 healthy controls, HCs) enrolled at the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Xiangya Hospital underwent brain 18 F-FDG-PET. Group comparisons using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) were performed to identify the 18 F-FDG-PET patterns. Standardized uptake value ratios of anterior cingulate, frontal, thalamus, parietal, occipital, temporal and cerebellum were calculated by SPM. The characteristics of abnormal metabolism in brain regions were quantified using the xjView toolbox, and a 3-D brain map was drawn using BrainNet Viewer. We found significant metabolic reduction in the bilateral middle prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the left orbital frontal gyrus (OFC). In contrast, hypermetabolism was observed in the inferior cerebellum, fusiform, superior cerebellum, parahippocampal, vermis, lingual and thalamus. However, we found no significant difference between the BQD and HC group in the anterior cingulate, thalamus, cerebellum and frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. In summary, we found abnormal 18 F-FDG-PET metabolic pattern in BQD individuals, and this pattern may help the treatment of BQD., (© 2021 Society for the Study of Addiction.)

Objective: To study the impact of aconitine and Shuang-huang-lian injection on the expression of myocardial ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and to discuss the anti-arrhythmic mechanisms of Shuanghuanglian against aconitine poisoning.
, Methods: A total of 52 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: aconitine group (group A, n=20), Shuang-huang-lian group (group B, n=20) and control group (group C, n=12). Aconitine at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg was firstly administrated to the rats of group A and group B through gavage. 30 minutes later, normal saline was delivered to rats in group A through intraperitoneal injection, while rats in group B received Shuang-huang-lian at a dose of 100 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection. Group C accepted twice administration of normal saline by gavage and intraperitoneal injection. The disposals for each group were implemented for 10 consecutive days. The rats' electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded on day 1, 3, 6 and 10. Immunofluorescent staining technique and real-time quantitative PCR technique was used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of myocardial RyR2.
, Results: The arrhythmia scores of group B at different time were lower than group A and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The protein and mRNA expression of RyR2 in group A was slightly increased on the first day compared to group B and group C, with no statistical significance (P>0.05). On day 3, 6 and 10, the expression of RyR2 protein and mRNA in group A was dramatically increased compared to group B and group C (P<0.01). 
, Conclusion: Shuang-huang-lian injection can effectively prevent the arrhythmia caused by aconitine, which is related to suppressing the aconitine-induced RyR2 expression.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF 15) + 157 A/T polymorphism and the formation of collateral circulation in acute non-ST segment elevated myocardial infarction in Han population of Shandong province., Method: The medical records of 200 cases of patients undergoing selective coronary angiography were analyzed, and the arterial blood specimens of included patients were collected before coronary angiography. Based on the results of coronary angiography, patients were divided into acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group and normal control group; AMI group was divided into collateral group and non-collateral group by Rentrop's grading method; polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing methods were used to analyze the GDF 15 + 157 A/T polymorphism in the two groups., Results: There were statistically significant differences in GDF 15 + 157 A/T AA and AT distribution between AMI group and the control group (P = 0.002); and there was statistically significant difference in allele frequencies between the two groups (P = 0.006); for AMI group, there were statistically significant differences in GDFAA and AT genotype distribution between patients with and without collateral (P = 0.014), and there was statistically significant difference in allele frequencies between the two (P = 0.025)., Conclusion: There was correlation between GDF 15 + 157 A/T polymorphism and the formation of collateral circulation in patients with non-ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction.