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Halide perovskites with naturally coupled electron‐ion dynamics hold great potential for nonvolatile memory applications. Self‐rectifying memristors are promising as they can avoid sneak currents and simplify device configuration. Here we report a self‐rectifying memristor firstly achieved in a single perovskite (NHCINH3)3PbI5 (abbreviated as (IFA)3PbI5), which is sandwiched by Ag and ITO electrodes as the simplest cell in a crossbar array device configuration. The iodide ions of (IFA)3PbI5 can be easily activated, of which the migration in the bulk contributes to the resistance hysteresis and the reaction with Ag at the interface contributes to the spontaneous formation of AgI. The perfect combination of n‐type AgI and p‐type (IFA)3PbI5 gives rise to the rectification function like a p–n diode. Such a self‐rectifying memristor exhibits the record‐low set power consumption and voltage. This work emphasizes that the multifunction of ions in perovskites can simplify the fabrication procedure, decrease the programming power, and increase the integration density of future memory devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefiting from the rapid development on chloride incorporated perovskite materials, nowadays, novel device fabricating techniques have sparked a new vision of ultraviolet photodetectors (UVPDs), which is moving toward higher precision, lower energy consumption, and greater miniaturization. Nevertheless, the natural poor solubility of chloride precursors for perovskites has limited their processability for achieving high‐performance self‐driven photovoltaic‐type UVPDs. Herein, a ball‐milling pretreated single‐source vapor deposition strategy is presented, which can facilely fabricate a pure‐phase CsPbCl3 perovskite film with supermicrometer crystal size and no grain boundaries in the vertical direction. Based on this excellent quality UV harvesting perovskite layer, an optimized self‐driven visible‐blind UVPD exhibits outstanding detection properties, including a superior peak responsivity of 118 mA W−1, a maximum specific detectivity of 6.62 × 1012 Jones, and a wide linear dynamic range of 136 dB, coupled with >1000 h operational durability in air ambient. Most notably, a recorded ultrafast rise/fall response time of 120/820 ns is realized as the fastest responsive perovskite UVPDs to date. In addition, this CsPbCl3 UVPD offers adequate visible‐transparency (>50% average visible transmittance) for a glazing integration by using a transparent back electrode, providing a promising pathway to realize a transparent sensor system for future smart window applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of empagliflozin (EM) on renal injury in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control (NC) group, a T2DM group, and an EM group, with 6 rats in each group. T2DM models were established by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in the T2DM and EM groups. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and body mass of rats in each group were recorded. The EM group received EM solution through intragastric administration, while the other two groups were given an equivalent volume of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution through intragastric administration for 12 weeks. After the body mass and FBG levels were recorded, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples from the abdominal aorta and kidney tissues were collected. Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. Masson, PAS and HE staining were used to assess histological changes in the kidneys, and a transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultrastructural changes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression and distribution of exchange protein 1 directly activated by cAMP(Epac1), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 in renal tissue of rats. Results Compared with the NC group, the rats in T2DM group showed a decrease in body mass, a significant increase in the levels of FBG, Scr, BUN, UA, TC, and TG, thickened glomerular basement membrane, foot process fusion of podocytes, disordered cell arrangement and loss of endothelial cell fenestrations. The expression level of Epac1 decreased, while the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 significantly increased. Compared with the T2DM group, the rats in the EM group showed an increase in body mass, significantly decreased levels of FBG, Scr, BUN, UA, TC, and TG, reduced renal injury, increased expression level of Epac1, and significantly decreased expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18. Conclusion EM can improve renal injury in T2DM rats by up-regulating Epac1 expression to inhibit inflammatory response.