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2. HateModerate: Testing Hate Speech Detectors against Content Moderation Policies

Author

Zheng, Jiangrui, Liu, Xueqing, Yang, Guanqun, Haque, Mirazul, Qian, Xing, Rathnasuriya, Ravishka, Yang, Wei, and Budhrani, Girish

Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

To protect users from massive hateful content, existing works studied automated hate speech detection. Despite the existing efforts, one question remains: do automated hate speech detectors conform to social media content policies? A platform's content policies are a checklist of content moderated by the social media platform. Because content moderation rules are often uniquely defined, existing hate speech datasets cannot directly answer this question. This work seeks to answer this question by creating HateModerate, a dataset for testing the behaviors of automated content moderators against content policies. First, we engage 28 annotators and GPT in a six-step annotation process, resulting in a list of hateful and non-hateful test suites matching each of Facebook's 41 hate speech policies. Second, we test the performance of state-of-the-art hate speech detectors against HateModerate, revealing substantial failures these models have in their conformity to the policies. Third, using HateModerate, we augment the training data of a top-downloaded hate detector on HuggingFace. We observe significant improvement in the models' conformity to content policies while having comparable scores on the original test data. Our dataset and code can be found in the attachment., Comment: NAACL 2024 Finding

Published
2023

4. The relation between FT3 and long-term fatigue in patients with COVID-19

Author

Shuo Dong, FanRui Ding, Yuan Wang, Shuo Liu, Ran Bai, YuanYuan Liu, Yin Zhao, YueRan Zhu, MengXue Liu, Yuenan Liu, and Qian Xing

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, thyroid hormone, fatigue, risk factor, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

BackgroundUnder the current pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), The relationship between fatigue and COVID-19 has been found. Infection with COVID-19 is associated with fatigue long after the acute phase of COVID-19. Understanding the association of thyroid hormones levels with post-COVID condition, such as fatigue, is necessary to improve quality of life.MethodsThis population-based cohort study was conducted in Dalian, China, from December 2022, to March 2023, using a Yidu Core platform in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, that integrates medical records, laboratory tests, and all diagnosis and treatment information based on patients in hospital. Eligible individuals were 40 patients with COVID-19, Divided them into fatigue group and non-fatigue group following up by telephone using the FS-14 scale after 6 months. The primary outcomes were the diagnoses of fatigue. The association between thyroid hormones levels and post-COVID condition, such as fatigue, was assessed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsCompared with the non-fatigue group, the FT3 level in fatigue group was lower (p

Published
2024
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7. JMRSAO: Refined Snow Ablation Optimizer Featuring Joint Opposite Selection and Multi-Strategy Fusion for Global Optimization and Engineering Design

Author

Xuewei Li, Bing Ma, Zuhua Guo, Yonglan Qi, Qian Xing, and Yongtao Hu

Subjects
Snow ablation optimizer, Powell mechanism, joint opposite selection, benchmark functions, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The Snow Ablation Optimizer (SAO) is a powerful metaheuristic algorithm that emulates the process of snow sublimation and melting. Despite exhibiting competitive performance compared to classical algorithms in initial research, SAO still has certain limitations, including suboptimal convergence accuracy, inadequate population diversity, and premature convergence, particularly when faced with high-dimensional complex challenges. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a refined snow ablation optimizer featuring joint opposite selection and multi-strategy fusion (JMRSAO), which integrates three enhancement strategies. Firstly, a good point set opposition-based learning (GPSOL) approach is utilized to generate a population of high-quality individuals that are evenly distributed. This helps the algorithm converge quickly towards the appropriate search space. Next, in both exploration and exploitation phases, we introduce joint opposite selection (JOS) technology to effectively retain superior individuals for future iterations. This promotes information exchange among diverse individuals and establishes a strong balance between exploring new possibilities and exploiting existing knowledge. Furthermore, we incorporate the Powell mechanism (PM) to enhance local exploration and accelerate convergence towards improved solutions. The performance of JMRSAO is evaluated by comparing it with thirteen other metaheuristic algorithms on three benchmark experiments from IEEE CEC2005, IEEE CEC2017, IEEE CEC2019, and IEEE CEC2022 as well as six engineering problems. Experimental results demonstrate that JMRSAO effectively addresses the limitations of SAO and exhibits exceptional performance in solving various complex problems while showcasing its potential as an effective problem-solving tool.

Published
2024
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10. Atypical Brain Aging and Its Association With Working Memory Performance in Major Depressive Disorder

Author

Adamson, Chris, Adler, Sophie, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., Anagnostou, Evdokia, Anderson, Kevin M., Areces-Gonzalez, Ariosky, Astle, Duncan E., Auyeung, Bonnie, Ayub, Muhammad, Bae, Jong Bin, Ball, Gareth, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beare, Richard, Bedford, Saashi A., Benegal, Vivek, Bethlehem, Richard A.I., Beyer, Frauke, Blangero, John, Cábez, Manuel Blesa, Boardman, James P., Borzage, Matthew, Bosch-Bayard, Jorge F., Bourke, Niall, Bullmore, Edward T., Calhoun, Vince D., Chakravarty, Mallar M., Chen, Christina, Chertavian, Casey, Chetelat, Gaël, Chong, Yap S., Corvin, Aiden, Costantino, Manuela, Courchesne, Eric, Crivello, Fabrice, Cropley, Vanessa L., Crosbie, Jennifer, Crossley, Nicolas, Delarue, Marion, Delorme, Richard, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Devenyi, Gabriel, Di Biase, Maria A., Dolan, Ray, Donald, Kirsten A., Donohoe, Gary, Dorfschmidt, Lena, Dunlop, Katharine, Edwards, Anthony D., Elison, Jed T., Ellis, Cameron T., Elman, Jeremy A., Eyler, Lisa, Fair, Damien A., Fletcher, Paul C., Fonagy, Peter, Franz, Carol E., Galan-Garcia, Lidice, Gholipour, Ali, Giedd, Jay, Gilmore, John H., Glahn, David C., Goodyer, Ian M., Grant, P.E., Groenewold, Nynke A., Gudapati, Shreya, Gunning, Faith M., Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Hammill, Christopher F., Hansson, Oskar, Hedden, Trey, Heinz, Andreas, Henson, Richard N., Heuer, Katja, Hoare, Jacqueline, Holla, Bharath, Holmes, Avram J., Huang, Hao, Ipser, Jonathan, Jack, Clifford R., Jr., Jackowski, Andrea P., Jia, Tianye, Jones, David T., Jones, Peter B., Kahn, Rene S., Karlsson, Hasse, Karlsson, Linnea, Kawashima, Ryuta, Kelley, Elizabeth A., Kern, Silke, Kim, Ki-Woong, Kitzbichler, Manfred G., Kremen, William S., Lalonde, François, Landeau, Brigitte, Lerch, Jason, Lewis, John D., Li, Jiao, Liao, Wei, Liston, Conor, Lombardo, Michael V., Lv, Jinglei, Mallard, Travis T., Marcelis, Machteld, Mathias, Samuel R., Mazoyer, Bernard, McGuire, Philip, Meaney, Michael J., Mechelli, Andrea, Misic, Bratislav, Morgan, Sarah E., Mothersill, David, Ortinau, Cynthia, Ossenkoppele, Rik, Ouyang, Minhui, Palaniyappan, Lena, Paly, Leo, Pan, Pedro M., Pantelis, Christos, Park, Min Tae M., Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Paz-Linares, Deirel, Binette, Alexa Pichet, Pierce, Karen, Qian, Xing, Qiu, Anqi, Raznahan, Armin, Rittman, Timothy, Rodrigue, Amanda, Rollins, Caitlin K., Romero-Garcia, Rafael, Ronan, Lisa, Rosenberg, Monica D., Rowitch, David H., Salum, Giovanni A., Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Schaare, H. Lina, Schabdach, Jenna, Schachar, Russell J., Schöll, Michael, Schultz, Aaron P., Seidlitz, Jakob, Sharp, David, Shinohara, Russell T., Skoog, Ingmar, Smyser, Christopher D., Sperling, Reisa A., Stein, Dan J., Stolicyn, Aleks, Suckling, John, Sullivan, Gemma, Thyreau, Benjamin, Toro, Roberto, Traut, Nicolas, Tsvetanov, Kamen A., Turk-Browne, Nicholas B., Tuulari, Jetro J., Tzourio, Christophe, Vachon-Presseau, Étienne, Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell J., Valdes-Sosa, Pedro A., Valk, Sofie L., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Vandekar, Simon N., Vasung, Lana, Vértes, Petra E., Victoria, Lindsay W., Villeneuve, Sylvia, Villringer, Arno, Vogel, Jacob W., Wagstyl, Konrad, Wang, Yin-Shan S., Warfield, Simon K., Warrier, Varun, Westman, Eric, Westwater, Margaret L., Whalley, Heather C., White, Simon R., Witte, A. Veronica, Yang, Ning, Yeo, B.T. Thomas, Yun, Hyuk Jin, Zalesky, Andrew, Zar, Heather J., Zettergren, Anna, Zhou, Juan H., Ziauddeen, Hisham, Zimmerman, Dabriel, Zugman, Andre, Zuo, Xi-Nian N., Ho, Natalie C.W., Nogovitsyn, Nikita, Metzak, Paul, Ballester, Pedro L., Hassel, Stefanie, Rotzinger, Susan, Poppenk, Jordan, Lam, Raymond W., Taylor, Valerie H., Milev, Roumen, Frey, Benicio N., Harkness, Kate L., Addington, Jean, and Kennedy, Sidney H.

Published
2024
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26. Supine transfer test-induced changes in cardiac index predict fluid responsiveness in patients without intra-abdominal hypertension

Author

Zhiyong Zhao, Zhongwei Zhang, Jing Liu, Zhili Xia, Qian Xing, Yaodong Zhang, Yijun Zheng, Lihua Shen, Qionghua Lin, Danyan Gu, Pengmei Wang, Shan Zhang, Fangfang Li, and Biao Zhu

Subjects
Fluid responsiveness, Supine transfer, Cardiac index, Intra-abdominal hypertension, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract

Abstract Background The reversible maneuver that mimics the fluid challenge is a widely used test for evaluating volume responsiveness. However, passive leg raising (PLR) does have certain limitations. The aim of the study is to determine whether the supine transfer test could predict fluid responsiveness in adult patients with acute circulatory failure who do not have intra-abdominal hypertension, by measuring changes in cardiac index (CI). Methods Single-center, prospective clinical study in a 25-bed surgery intensive care unit at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Thirty-four patients who presented with acute circulatory failure and were scheduled for fluid therapy. Every patient underwent supine transfer test and fluid challenge with 500 mL saline for 15–30 min. There were four sequential steps in the protocol: (1) baseline-1: a semi-recumbent position with the head of the bed raised to 45°; (2) supine transfer test: patients were transferred from the 45° semi-recumbent position to the strict supine position; (3) baseline-2: return to baseline-1 position; and (4) fluid challenge: administration of 500 mL saline for 15–30 min. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at each step with arterial pulse contour analysis (ProAQT/Pulsioflex). A fluid responder was defined as an increase in CI ≥ 15% after fluid challenge. The receiver operating characteristic curve and gray zone were defined for CI. Results Seventeen patients were fluid challenge. The r value of the linear correlations was 0.73 between the supine transfer test- and fluid challenge-induced relative CI changes. The relative changes in CI induced by supine transfer in predicting fluid responsiveness had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.72–0.97) and predicted a fluid responder with 76.5% (95% confidence interval 50.1–93.2) sensitivity and 88.2% (95% confidence interval 63.6–98.5) specificity, at a best threshold of 5.5%. Nineteen (55%) patients were in the gray zone (CI ranging from -3 and 8 L/min/m2). Conclusion The supine transfer test can potentially assist in detecting fluid responsiveness in patients with acute circulatory failure without intra-abdominal hypertension. Nevertheless, the small threshold and the 55% gray zone were noteworthy limitation. Trial registration Predicting fluid responsiveness with supine transition test (ChiCTR2200058264). Registered 2022–04-04 and last refreshed on 2023–03-26, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=166175 .

Published
2023
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31. Nano-Enhanced Phase Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites: A Review of the Matrix, Reinforcement, Interface Design, Properties and Potential Applications

Author

Jiao-Yi Ren, Guan-Cheng Ji, Hao-Rui Guo, Yu-Meng Zhou, Xin Tan, Wen-Fang Zheng, Qian Xing, Jia-Yi Zhang, Jing-Ran Sun, Hong-Yu Yang, Feng Qiu, and Qi-Chuan Jiang

Subjects
magnesium matrix composites, nano-enhanced phase, ceramic nanoparticles, interfacial design, properties and applications, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

Magnesium matrix composites are essential lightweight metal matrix composites, following aluminum matrix composites, with outstanding application prospects in automotive, aerospace lightweight and biomedical materials because of their high specific strength, low density and specific stiffness, good casting performance and rich resources. However, the inherent low plasticity and poor fatigue resistance of magnesium hamper its further application to a certain extent. Many researchers have tried many strengthening methods to improve the properties of magnesium alloys, while the relationship between wear resistance and plasticity still needs to be further improved. The nanoparticles added exhibit a good strengthening effect, especially the ceramic nanoparticles. Nanoparticle-reinforced magnesium matrix composites not only exhibit a high impact toughness, but also maintain the high strength and wear resistance of ceramic materials, effectively balancing the restriction between the strength and toughness. Therefore, this work aims to provide a review of the state of the art of research on the matrix, reinforcement, design, properties and potential applications of nano-reinforced phase-reinforced magnesium matrix composites (especially ceramic nanoparticle-reinforced ones). The conventional and potential matrices for the fabrication of magnesium matrix composites are introduced. The classification and influence of ceramic reinforcements are assessed, and the factors influencing interface bonding strength between reinforcements and matrix, regulation and design, performance and application are analyzed. Finally, the scope of future research in this field is discussed.

Published
2024
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36. Gorham-Stout disease affecting the spine with cerebrospinal fluid leakage and Chiari-like tonsillar herniation: a rare case report and review of literature

Author

Qian-qian Xing, Meng Miao, Qiao-wei Zhang, Yue Wu, and Fei-fang He

Subjects
Gorham-Stout disease, Cerebrospinal fluid leakage, Epidural blood patch, Chiari-like tonsillar herniation, Rebound intracranial hypertension, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a very rare disorder characterized by massive osteolysis of poorly understood aetiology. The association between GSD involving the skull base and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage has been reported in the literature. However, few cases of CSF leakage and Chiari-like tonsillar herniation in GSD involving the spine have been reported. Case presentation We present the case of a 20-year-old man with GSD involving the thoracic and lumbar spine, which caused CSF leakage and Chiari-like tonsillar herniation. The patient underwent four spinal surgeries for osteolytic lesions of the spine over a 10-year period. Here, we discuss the possible aetiology of the development of CSF leakage. Epidural blood patch (EBP) was performed at the T11-T12 level to repair the CSF leakage. After EBP treatment, rebound intracranial hypertension (RIH) developed, and tonsillar herniation disappeared 2 months later. Conclusions GSD involving the spine with CSF leakage and Chiari-like tonsillar herniation is relatively rare. For patients who have undergone multiple spinal surgeries, minimally invasive treatment is an alternative treatment for CSF leakage. EBP can repair CSF leakage secondary to GSD and improve chronic brain sagging, with reversibility of Chiari-like malformations.

Published
2023
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