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Objective To estimate the proportion of married women in China who intend to become pregnant given the country's pronatalist population policy and to investigate fecundity, with an emphasis on the influence of socioeconomic factors. Methods A nationally representative survey of 12 815 married women aged 20 to 49 years (mean: 36.8 years) was conducted during 2019 and 2020. All completed questionnaires, 10 115 gave blood samples and 11 710 underwent pelvic ultrasound examination. Fertility intention was the desire or intent to become pregnant combined with engagement in unprotected sexual intercourse. We defined infertility as the failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of unprotected intercourse. We considered an anti-Mullerian hormone level < 1.1 ng/ mL and an antral follicular count < 7 as indicating an abnormal ovarian reserve. Findings Fertility intentions were reported by 11.9% of women overall but by only 6.1% of current mothers (weighted percentages). Fertility intention was significantly less likely among women in metropolises (odds ratio, OR: 0.38; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.31-0.45) and those with a higher educational level (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62-0.88). Overall, 18.0% had experienced infertility at any time and almost 30% had an abnormal ovarian reserve on assessment. An abnormal ovarian reserve and infertility were less likely in women in metropolises (P < 0.05) but more likely in obese women (P < 0.05). Conclusion The willingness of Chinese married women to give birth remained low, even with relaxation of the one-child policy. Abstracts in [phrase omitted], Francais, [phrase omitted] and Espanol at the end of each article. [phrase omitted] Objectif Determiner le pourcentage de femmes mariees prevoyant de tomber enceintes en Chine compte tenu de la politique demographique pronataliste du pays, et etudier la fecondite a la lumiere des facteurs socioeconomiques. Methodes Une enquete representative a l'echelle nationale portant sur 12 815 femmes mariees agees de 20 a 49 ans (moyenne: 36,8 ans) a ete organisee entre 2019 et 2020. Toutes les participantes ont rempli des questionnaires, 10 115 d'entre elles ont fourni des echantillons de sang et 11 710 ont subi une echographie pelvienne. L'intention de grossesse correspondait au desir ou a la volonte de tomber enceinte, combinee a des rapports sexuels non proteges. Nous avons defini l'infertilite comme l'incapacite a concevoir un enfant apres minimum 12 mois de rapports sexuels non proteges. Enfin, nous avons considere qu'un taux d'hormones antimullerienne < 1,1 ng/mL et un compte folliculaire antral < 7 indiquaient une reserve ovarienne anormale. Resultats Au total, 11,9% des femmes ont exprime leur desir de grossesse, mais seulement 6,1% de celles etant deja meres (pourcentages ponderes). Cette intention etait nettement moins marquee chez les femmes residant en metropole (odds ratio, OR: 0,38; intervalle de confiance de 95%, IC: 0,31-0,45) et chez celles affichant un niveau d'education plus eleve (OR: 0,74; IC de 95%: 0,62-0,88). Globalement, 18,0% ont connu l'infertilite a un moment donne et 30% presentaient une reserve ovarienne anormale lors de l'examen. Les phenomenes de reserve ovarienne anormale et d'infertilite etaient moins susceptibles de se manifester chez les femmes residant en metropole (P < 0,05) mais plus susceptibles chez les femmes obeses (P < 0,05). Conclusion En Chine, rares sont les femmes mariees a vouloir procreer, meme avec l'assouplissement de la politique de l'enfant unique. Objetivo Estimar el porcentaje de mujeres casadas en China que tienen intencion de quedarse embarazadas dada la politica demografica pronatalista del pais e investigar la fecundidad, haciendo enfasis en la influencia de los factores socioeconomicos. Metodos Durante 2019 y 2020, se realizo una encuesta representativa a nivel nacional de 12 815 mujeres casadas de entre 20 y 49 anos (media: 36,8 anos). Todas las participantes completaron cuestionarios, 10 115 aportaron muestras de sangre y 11 710 se sometieron a un examen de ultrasonido pelvico. La intencion de fertilidad fue el deseo o la intencion de quedar embarazada combinada con la participacion en relaciones sexuales sin proteccion. Se definio la infertilidad como la no consecucion de un embarazo tras 12 meses o mas de relaciones sexuales sin proteccion. Asimismo, se considero que un nivel de hormona antimulleriana Resultados El 11,9% de las mujeres informo de su intencion de fertilidad, pero solo el 6,1% de las madres actuales (porcentajes ponderados). La intencion de fertilidad era significativamente menos probable entre las mujeres de las metropolis (razon de posibilidades, OR: 0,38; intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC: 0,31-0,45) y las que tenian un nivel educativo mas alto (OR: 0,74; IC del 95%: 0,62-0,88). En general, el 18,0% habia experimentado infertilidad en algun momento y casi el 30% tenia una reserva ovarica anormal en la evaluacion. La reserva ovarica anormal y la infertilidad eran menos probables en las mujeres de las metropolis (p, Introduction Fertility rates have been on the decline globally, with recent reports predicting that 23 countries will observe the halving of their population by the end of the century. (1) [...]

Vincristine (VCR) is a microtubule‐destabilizing chemotherapeutic agent commonly administered for the treatment of cancers in patients, which can induce severe side effects including neurotoxicity. In context of the effects on female fertility, ovarian toxicity has been found in patients and mice model after VCR exposure. However, the influence of VCR exposure on oocyte quality has not been elucidated. We established VCR exposure in vitro and in vivo model. The results indicated in vitro VCR exposure contributed to failure of oocyte maturation through inducing defects in spindle assembly, activation of SAC, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and early apoptosis, which were confirmed by using in vivo exposure model. Moreover, in vivo VCR exposure caused aneuploidy, reduced oocyte‐sperm binding ability, and the number of cortical granules in mouse oocyte cortex. Taken together, this study demonstrated that VCR could cause meiotic arrest and poor quality of mouse oocyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Y-chromosomal microdeletion (YCM) serves as an important genetic factor in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is routinely used to detect YCMs by tracing sequence-tagged sites (STSs) in the Y chromosome. Here we introduce a novel methodology in which we sequence 1,787 (post-filtering) STSs distributed across the entire male-specific Y chromosome (MSY) in parallel to uncover known and novel YCMs. We validated this approach with 766 Chinese men with NOA and 683 ethnically matched healthy individuals and detected 481 and 98 STSs that were deleted in the NOA and control group, representing a substantial portion of novel YCMs which significantly influenced the functions of spermatogenic genes. The NOA patients tended to carry more and rarer deletions that were enriched in nearby intragenic regions. Haplogroup O2* was revealed to be a protective lineage for NOA, in which the enrichment of b1/b3 deletion in haplogroup C was also observed. In summary, our work provides a new high-resolution portrait of deletions in the Y chromosome.

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a severe form of male infertility, is often suspected to be linked to currently undefined genetic abnormalities. To explore the genetic basis of this condition, we successfully sequenced ~650 infertility-related genes in 757 NOA patients and 709 fertile males. We evaluated the contributions of rare variants to the etiology of NOA by identifying individual genes showing nominal associations and testing the genetic burden of a given biological process as a whole. We found a significant excess of rare, non-silent variants in genes that are key epigenetic regulators of spermatogenesis, such as BRWD1, DNMT1, DNMT3B, RNF17, UBR2, USP1 and USP26, in NOA patients (P = 5.5 × 10(-7)), corresponding to a carrier frequency of 22.5% of patients and 13.7% of controls (P = 1.4 × 10(-5)). An accumulation of low-frequency variants was also identified in additional epigenetic genes (BRDT and MTHFR). Our study suggested the potential associations of genetic defects in genes that are epigenetic regulators with spermatogenic failure in human.