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It is of great significance to improve the efficiency of railway production and operation by realizing the fault knowledge association through the efficient data mining algorithm. However, high utility quantitative frequent pattern mining algorithms in the field of data mining still suffer from the problems of low time-memory performance and are not easy to scale up. In the context of such needs, we propose a related degree-based frequent pattern mining algorithm, named Related High Utility Quantitative Item set Mining (RHUQI-Miner), to enable the effective mining of railway fault data. The algorithm constructs the item-related degree structure of fault data and gives a pruning optimization strategy to find frequent patterns with higher related degrees, reducing redundancy and invalid frequent patterns. Subsequently, it uses the fixed pattern length strategy to modify the utility information of the item in the mining process so that the algorithm can control the length of the output frequent pattern according to the actual data situation and further improve the performance and practicability of the algorithm. The experimental results on the real fault dataset show that RHUQI-Miner can effectively reduce the time and memory consumption in the mining process, thus providing data support for differentiated and precise maintenance strategies.

Edible plant oils are widely used in cooking, cosmetics, health supplement capsules, and other industries, due to their various health-promoting effects. There is increasing evidence that edible plant oils can modulate gut microbiota during their health-promoting effects in animal experiments and cohort or clinical studies. However, the information concerning the gut microbiota modulation of edible plant oils during their health-promoting effects is scattered. In this article, the research progress on gut microbiota modulation of edible plant oils (especially camellia oil, olive oil, and flaxseed oil) is summarized. Meanwhile, a summary on correlations between modulated gut microbiota and changed biochemical indexes is provided. The alterations of edible plant oils on gut microbiota-derived metabolites and the correlations between altered metabolites and modulated gut microbiota as well as changed biochemical indexes are reviewed. Furthermore, the prospects for gut microbiota modulation of edible plant oils during their health-promoting effects are put forward. Existing literature has shown that edible plant oils could modulate gut microbiota during their health-promoting effects, and some differential gut microbiota biomarkers were gained. Some similarities and differences existed while the oils exhibited health-promoting actions. Dosage and treatment time have influences on gut microbiota modulation of edible plant oils. Different edible plant oils exhibited different behaviors in modulating gut microbiota, and edible plant oils were mostly different in modulating gut microbiota compared to edible animal oils. Moreover, the modulated gut microbiota was significantly correlated with the changed biochemical indexes. Furthermore, edible plant oils altered SCFAs and other gut microbiota-derived metabolites. The altered metabolites were obviously correlated with the modulated gut microbiota and changed biochemical indexes. This review is helpful to the future research and application of edible plant oils in health-promoting effects from the perspective of gut microbiota.

Traditional hot-dip galvanized coatings, typically single-silver in color, present increasing aesthetic challenges in diverse applications, while prevailing organic coating methods involve complex processes with high energy consumption and pollution emissions. In this study, a novel hot-dip process for in-situ synthesis of color coating on steel was proposed, capable of producing various uniform color coating. The microstructure of color coatings on steel was systematically examined, and an assessment of their corrosion and weather resistance was conducted. The results demonstrate the sequence of typical color variation is gold, purple, blue, cyan, red, green, and grey. By controlling the immersion temperature range, and regulating the final stable color of the oxide film. The coloration mechanism mainly is attributed to the light interference on the Mn oxide film. The cyan and brown coatings mainly consist of the dense rod-like ζ-FeZn13 phases which provide a structural foundation for corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the brown coating exhibited excellent weather resistance.

Abstract MYB transcription factors have been linked to anthocyanin synthesis and various color phenotypes in plants. In apple, MYB10 confers a red‐flesh phenotype due to a minisatellite insertion in its R6 promoter, but R6:MYB10 genotypes exhibit various degrees of red pigmentation in the flesh, suggesting the involvement of other genetic factors. Here, it is shown that MdWRKY10, a transcription factor identified via DNA pull‐down trapping, binds to the promoter of MdMYB10 and activates its transcription. MdWRKY10 specifically interacts with the WDR protein MdTTG1 to join the apple MYB‐bHLH‐WDR (MBW) complex, which significantly enhances its transcriptional activation activity. A 163‐bp InDel detected in the promoter region of the alleles of MdWRKY10 in a hybrid population of identical heterozygous genotypes regarding R6 by structural variation analysis, contains a typical W‐box element that MdWRKY10 binds to for transactivation. This leads to increased transcript levels of MdWRKY10 and MdMYB10 and enhanced anthocyanin synthesis in the flesh, largely accounting for the various degrees of flesh red pigmentation in the R6 background. These findings reveal a novel regulatory role of the WRKY‐containing protein complex in the formation of red flesh apple phenotypes and provide broader insights into the molecular mechanism governing anthocyanin synthesis in plants.

BackgroundPercutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) serves as an alternative prophylactic strategy for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) who cannot undergo anti-coagulation therapy. Proper management of associated complications is crucial to enhancing the procedure's success rate and mitigating perioperative risks and adverse events during follow-up.AimsThis study aims to summarize our center's experience and strategies in managing procedural-related complications encountered in 512 cases of LAAC with or without ablation for AF conducted from January 2020 to December 2023.ResultsWe identified 11 significant intervention-requiring complications associated with LAAC with or without Ablation procedure. These included three cases of intraoperative thrombosis, three instances of pericardial effusion or tamponade, one case of device-related thrombosis, one peri-device leak, one systemic embolism, one bleeding episode, and one additional device-related complication. The categorization of intraoperative thrombosis was as follows: one patient exhibited heparin resistance; one experienced thrombosis due to prolonged device implantation during the LAAC with ablation procedure; and one had unexplained intraoperative thrombosis. The pericardial effusion or tamponade likely resulted from damage to the atrial appendage during LAAC device insertion. Two patients encountered device-related thrombosis and systemic embolism events possibly caused by non-standard postoperative antithrombotic medication use; one patient's peri-device leak may have resulted from incomplete endothelialization of the occluder post-surgery; one patient experienced postoperative bladder bleeding; and one patient's device-related complications occurred due to a dislodged strut frame that damaged the left atrial appendage, leading to pericardial effusion. Our proactive interventions enabled all patients with these surgical-related complications to be safely discharged, with subsequent follow-ups showing no adverse events.ConclusionImplementing targeted interventions for immediate procedural-related complications during the LAAC with or without ablation procedures enhances procedural success rates, diminishes postoperative mortality and patient disability, and bolsters stroke prevention efforts. This approach underscores the importance of a strategic response to complications, affirming the procedure's viability and safety in managing non-valvular AF in patients contraindicated for anticoagulation.

BackgroundPrevious studies have not thoroughly explored the impact of serum osmolality levels on early mortality in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum osmolality levels and early all-cause mortality in patients with HFrEF.MethodsThe open access MIMIC-IV database was the source of data for our study. We collected demographic data, vital signs, laboratory parameters, and comorbidities of the included patients and divided them into 3 groups based on their initial serum osmolality on admission, with the primary outcome being all-cause mortality within 28 days of admission. Smoothing Spline Fitting Curve, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, and Threshold effect analysis were used to assess the relationship between serum osmolality and early mortality in HFrEF patients.ResultsA total of 6228 patients (55.31% male) were included. All-cause mortality within 28 days on admission was 18.88% in all patients. After adjusting for confounders, higher serum osmolality levels were independently associated with an increased risk of 28-days all-cause mortality compared with the reference group (Reference group Q2: 290–309 mmol/L, Q4: HR, 1.82 [95% CI 1.19–2.78] P

A hybrid robot structure is capable of merging the advantages of both serial and parallel mechanisms, which guarantees its potential in medical robotic fields, especially in dental surgery applications. This paper presents a novel hybrid robot with three translational and three rotational movements. A systematic mechanical design methodology on the basis of the screw theory is proposed to comprehensively search for feasible five-degrees-of-freedom parallel structures. The usage of only planar kinematic joints is beneficial to large translation/rotation reachable workspaces. A parallel robot is chosen to construct a six-degrees-of-freedom hybrid structure. Both the position and velocity relations between the actuators and the mobile platform are established for the parallel unit. Sloping linkages in the curved shape instead of the straight shape are employed to improve the range of motion of the corresponding rotary joints. Both the translation/rotation workspaces are investigated and the manipulability measure is explored. The novel mean manipulator velocity ratio index is developed and examined on this parallel robot. A multi-objective optimization based on an evolutionary algorithm is conducted.

The structural synthesis of a group of parallel mechanisms can be established by an exhaustive enumeration of all feasible kinematic chains based on the screw theory. However, reliable kinematic limbs can provide mobility constraints for some unqualified supporting legs to guarantee the degrees-of-freedom feasibility of the parallel robots. A systematic design approach is presented for a family of planar single-loop parallel mechanisms with the consideration of infeasible kinematic chains. Different from the other design approaches for single-loop linkages, the fixed and moving platforms are predefined in this research to distinguish different kinematic limbs. The special parallelogram linkage mechanism is incorporated due to its equivalent translation capacity. Three categories of singularity configurations are investigated based on the detailed kinematic models. The reachable workspace is obtained through the spatial search methodology. Several novel kinematic error model associated performance indices are proposed in this work and examined on a translational parallel manipulator. Experiments are carried out and compared to testify the effectiveness of the kinematic analysis and proposed position-based controller.

Digital transformation is spreading from urban to rural areas, and the construction of digital villages has become a key growth point for rural sustainable development globally. Digital villages improve the level of basic public services delivery in rural areas via the penetration of digital technology. However, few studies have empirically investigated the theoretical mechanisms underlying the impact of digital villages on various aspects of rural basic public services. To address these gaps, this study investigates the impact mechanisms of digital villages on rural basic public services delivery in terms of accessibility, equity, agility, holistic nature and participation. Using 1840 counties in China as the research sample, this study applies the entropy method to extract a composite index of basic public services and performs correlation, regression, and heterogeneity analyses to examine the effects of digital villages on basic public services delivery. Empirical analysis results show that the construction of digital villages is positively associated with the level of basic public services in rural areas. Meanwhile, heterogeneity analysis results confirms that this relationship is mainly observed in eastern counties but not observed in central and western counties. These findings provide a basis for using digital inclusion to improve basic public services delivery in rural areas and achieve balanced development across regions.

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation that is considered a serious public health concern worldwide. Nobiletin (5,6,7,8,3′,4′-hexamethyl flavonoid), an important compound isolated from several traditional Chinese medicines, especially Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, is widely used for a number of indications, including cancer, allergic diseases, and chronic inflammation. However, the mechanism by which nobiletin exerts its anti-asthmatic effect remains unclear. In this research, we comprehensively demonstrated the anti-asthmatic effects of nobiletin in an animal model of asthma. It was found that nobiletin significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cells and cytokines in mice and alleviated airway hyperresponsiveness. To explore the target of nobiletin, we identified PDE4B as the target of nobiletin through pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, SPR, and enzyme activity assays. Subsequently, it was found that nobiletin could activate the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway downstream of PDE4B in mouse lung tissues. Additionally, we studied the anti-inflammatory and anti-airway remodeling effects of nobiletin in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and TGF-β1-induced ASM cells, confirming the activation of the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway by nobiletin. Further validation in PDE4B-deficient RAW264.7 cells confirmed that the increase in cAMP levels induced by nobiletin depended on the inhibition of PDE4B. In conclusion, nobiletin exerts anti-asthmatic activity by targeting PDE4B and activating the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway.

Abstract Recently, with the development of deep‐learning, the performance of multiple object tracking (MOT) algorithm based on deep neural networks has been greatly improved. However, it is still a difficult problem to successfully solve the tracking misalignment caused by occlusion and complex tracking scenes. Most of the work focusses on designing a sophisticated network, only little work focusses on data association. Actually, data association is very helpful in MOT. In this study, data association in tracking is taken as the main research task, and the authors introduce quadratic graph matching into MOT. Considering the objects in each frame as a graph, we can model the data association between two frames as a quadratic graph matching problem. And then it is transformed into a convex quadratic optimisation problem. Introducing high‐order structure features into the matching function effectively solves some tracking problems. The data association is designed into the tracking model as an overall solution. Experiments show that the proposed data association algorithm performs favourably against several state‐of‐the‐art data association methods and can be used in any tracking‐by‐detection method. Our code is publicly available from https://github.com/gjy0514/G_Model.

The corrosion behaviour of Nd alloyed magnesium alloy AZ80 in three simulated concrete pore solutions (SCPs) was studied using corrosion immersion tests and electrochemical tests. The study investigated the effects of the composition and pH of the SCPs on the corrosion properties of AZ80 and AZ80-1.0Nd using aluminum alloy AA6061 as a reference. The SCP1, SCP2, and SCP3 solutions were the simulated concrete pore solutions with different carbonation stages at pH 13.5, 12.5, and 9.7 respectively. The corrosion mainly in the form of localized corrosion, developed significantly along the transverse direction, and less in the vertical direction. AZ80 and AZ80-1.0Nd exhibited the best corrosion resistance in the SCP2 solution, which was attributed to the formation of a dense protective film on the surface. The corrosion in the high alkalinity SCP1 solution was first enhanced within 12 h and then somewhat decreased within 72 h attributed to the destruction and re-formation of the surface film. AA6061 corroded severely in the SCP1 solution and suffered significantly less corrosion in the SCP2 and SCP3 solutions. Nd alloying contributed to the reduced corrosion rates of AZ80 in the simulated concrete pore solutions, attributed to changes in the microstructure and electrochemical properties.

Based on the heat transfer analysis in the primary cooling region of large-size magnesium alloy flat ingot Direct-chill (DC) casting, a novel crystallizer structure for flat ingot electromagnetic DC casting was put forward, in which the primary cooling can be controlled independently from the secondary cooling, and the circumferential control of the primary cooling can be realized synchronously. The design and optimization of the inner sleeve material and thickness and the distribution of the primary cooling were also carried out. For the AZ31B flat ingot with a cross-section size of 1200 × 400 mm, the copper inner sleeve material was selected, and it is beneficial to control temperature gradient and mushy zone shape in flat ingot DC casting. A uniform temperature distribution can be obtained when the cooling intensity ratio of the wide and narrow faces is 1:1/3. Furthermore, the influence of casting process parameters on the mushy zone characteristic of 1200 × 400 mm flat ingot was studied by orthogonal planning of process parameters and numerical simulation methods. Simultaneously, the casting process parameters of other flat ingot sizes were determined, and AZ31B alloy DC casting flat ingots with section sizes of 750 × 440 mm, 1200 × 400 mm, and 1600 × 400 mm under industrial conditions were carried out, and the crack-free preparation of the above billets was successfully achieved.

Magnesium matrix composite is another competitive light metal matrix composite following aluminum matrix composite, with excellent application prospects in the aerospace and automotive fields. In this paper, the Mg - 3Y – xSiCp (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) composites are fabricated by stir casting with ultrasonic vibration followed by extrusion. The microstructure of the alloys is investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The results reveal that the composites have a finer grain size due to the particle promoted nucleation (PSN) mechanism. When the SiCp content is 3 wt%, the grain size is the smallest (0.76 μm), and the refinement rate is about 16.7%. Moreover, the addition of SiCp can inhibit the transformation from low-angle grain boundaries (LABGs) to high-angle grain boundaries (HABGs), thus hindering the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of the alloy, which decreases from 55.7% to 15.4%. The reduction in the proportion of recrystallized grains in the composite leads to increasing the maximum intensity of the texture. In addition, the tensile properties and the strengthening mechanism of the alloys are investigated. The results show that the composites have higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) due to the combination of grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. When the SiCp content is 5 wt%, the UTS (291 MPa) and YS (283 MPa) increase by ∼12.7% and ∼17.1%, respectively, over the matrix alloy. However, the addition of SiCp causes more oxides and holes in the alloys, which leads to a fracture strain (δ) decrease in the composites.

Given the huge investment made in developing government applications (APPs), it is essential for them to achieve the levels of performance needed to ensure service quality and meet public needs. Although public loyalty is crucial to the success of government APPs, few studies have analyzed the characteristics of service quality or the continuous use of government APPs and their associations. The present study has developed a theoretical model to show how government APPs service quality promotes continuance intention. A questionnaire survey of 388 government APP-users in China and a structural equation model have been used to verify this theoretical model. The empirical results show that overall service quality has an indirect positive impact on government APPs users’ continuance intention through expectation confirmation, perceived usefulness, and user satisfaction. This study enriches our understanding of service quality and government APPs continuance intention, while also exploring government APPs development, design, and promotion.

Background: Accumulating research substantiated that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have a significant impact on the tumorigenesis, progression, and distant metastasis, representing a novel target for various cancers. However, the underlying dynamic changes and interactions between TAMs and tumor cells remain largely elusive in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We depicted the dynamic changes of macrophages using sing-cell RNA-seq data and extracted TAM differentiation-related genes. Next, we utilized the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to acquire CMS-related modular genes using bulk RNA-seq data. Finally, we utilized univariate Cox and Lasso Cox regression analyses to identify TAM differentiation-related biomarkers and established a novel risk signature model. We employed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on CRC tissue samples and used immunohistochemistry (IHC) data frome the HPA database to validate the mRNA and protein expression of prognostic genes. The interaction of TAMs and each consensus molecular subtype (CMS) subpopulation was analyzed at the cellular level. Results: A total of 47,285 cells from single-cell dataset and 1197 CRC patients from bulk dataset were obtained. Among those, 6400 myeloid cells were re-clustered and annotated. RNASE1, F13A1, DAPK1, CLEC10A, RPN2, REG4 and RGS19 were identified as prognostic genes and the risk signature model was established based on the above genes. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of RNASE1 and DAPK1 were significantly up-regulated in CRC tumor tissues. The cell-cell communication analysis demonstrated complex interactions between TAMs and CMS malignant cell subpopulations. Conclusion: This study presents an in-depth dissection of the dynamic features of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment and provides promising therapeutic targets for CRC.

Purpose – This research aims to improve the performance of rail fastener defect inspection method for multi railways, to effectively ensure the safety of railway operation. Design/methodology/approach – Firstly, a fastener region location method based on online learning strategy was proposed, which can locate fastener regions according to the prior knowledge of track image and template matching method. Online learning strategy is used to update the template library dynamically, so that the method not only can locate fastener regions in the track images of multi railways, but also can automatically collect and annotate fastener samples. Secondly, a fastener defect recognition method based on deep convolutional neural network was proposed. The structure of recognition network was designed according to the smaller size and the relatively single content of the fastener region. The data augmentation method based on the sample random sorting strategy is adopted to reduce the impact of the imbalance of sample size on recognition performance. Findings – Test verification of the proposed method is conducted based on the rail fastener datasets of multi railways. Specifically, fastener location module has achieved an average detection rate of 99.36%, and fastener defect recognition module has achieved an average precision of 96.82%. Originality/value – The proposed method can accurately locate fastener regions and identify fastener defect in the track images of different railways, which has high reliability and strong adaptability to multi railways.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: This study aims to explore the high-risk factors of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infection of hospitalised patients in high-risk departments. Methods: This study is a multicentre, retrospective study. CRE screening positive patients from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 of high-risk departments in five tertiary first-class teaching hospitals in Beijing collect the patients’ CRE test specimen information, CRE infection information and outcomes. The patients were divided into a colonisation group and an infection group for comparative analysis. A logistic regression model was established to explore the risk factors of CRE infection. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to invasive procedures and the type of the infection. Results: In total, 344 patients were included in this study, including 85 (24.71%) colonisation and 259 (75.29%) infection; 36.09% CRE colonisation converted to infection, and the mean conversion time from colonisation to infection was 6.5 (4.0, 18.8) days. Renal disease, granulocytosis, invasive procedures and the time from hospital stay to positive CRE were the risk factors for CRE infection. The subgroup analysis showed that the rate of CRE infection in the invasive group was higher than in the non-invasive group (P < 0.001), and the rate of exacerbation or death in the invasive group was also higher than in the non-invasive group (P = 0.019). The average length of ICU and hospitalisation in the healthcare-associated infection group were significantly higher than those in the community infection group, but there was no difference in the proportion of final exacerbation or death between them (P = 0.727). Conclusion: Kidney disease, granulocytosis, invasive procedures and CRE detection time are the risk factors for CRE infection. Carrying out CRE screening in patients as early as possible and taking effective intervention measures in time to avoid adverse consequences is all important.

ABSTRACT The Enterococcus faecalis acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) phosphate acyltransferase PlsX plays an important role in phospholipid synthesis and exogenous fatty acid incorporation. Loss of plsX almost completely blocks growth by decreasing de novo phospholipid synthesis, which leads to abnormally long-chain acyl chains in the cell membrane phospholipids. The ∆plsX strain failed to grow without supplementation with an appropriate exogenous fatty acid. Introduction of a ∆fabT mutation into the ∆plsX strain to increase fatty acid synthesis allowed very weak growth. The ∆plsX strain accumulated suppressor mutants. One of these encoded a truncated β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II (FabO) which restored normal growth and restored de novo phospholipid acyl chain synthesis by increasing saturated acyl-ACP synthesis. Saturated acyl-ACPs are cleaved by a thioesterase to provide free fatty acids for conversion to acyl-phosphates by the FakAB system. The acyl-phosphates are incorporated into position sn1 of the phospholipids by PlsY. We report the tesE gene encodes a thioesterase that can provide free fatty acids. However, we were unable to delete the chromosomal tesE gene to confirm that it is the responsible enzyme. TesE readily cleaves unsaturated acyl-ACPs, whereas saturated acyl-ACPs are cleaved much more slowly. Overexpression of an E. faecalis enoyl-ACP reductase either FabK or FabI which results in high levels of saturated fatty acid synthesis also restored the growth of the ∆plsX strain. The ∆plsX strain grew faster in the presence of palmitic acid than in the presence of oleic acid with improvement in phospholipid acyl chain synthesis. Positional analysis of the acyl chain distribution in the phospholipids showed that saturated acyl chains dominate the sn1-position indicating a preference for saturated fatty acids at this position. High-level production of saturated acyl-ACPs is required to offset the marked preference of the TesE thioesterase for unsaturated acyl-ACPs and allow the initiation of phospholipid synthesis.

Background Immunotherapy, including adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has a limited effect in most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and the efficacy is further limited in patients with liver metastasis. Lack of antitumor lymphocyte infiltration could be a major cause, and there remains an urgent need for more potent and safer therapies for CRC.Methods In this study, the antitumoral synergism of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) combined with immunotherapy in the microsatellite stable (MSS) highly aggressive murine model of CRC was fully evaluated.Results Dual LMWH and ACT objectively mediated the stagnation of tumor growth and inhibition of liver metastasis, neither LMWH nor ACT alone had any antitumoral activity on them. The combination of LMWH and ACT obviously increased the infiltration of intratumor CD8+ T cells, as revealed by multiplex immunohistochemistry, purified CD8+ T-cell transfer assay, and IVIM in vivo imaging. Mechanistically, evaluation of changes in the tumor microenvironment revealed that LMWH improved tumor vascular normalization and facilitated the trafficking of activated CD8+ T cells into tumors. Similarly, LMWH combined with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy provided superior antitumor activity as compared with the single PD-1 blockade in murine CT26 tumor models.Conclusions LMWH could enhance ACT and ICIs-based immunotherapy by increasing lymphocyte infiltration into tumors, especially cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These results indicate that combining LMWH with an immunotherapy strategy presents a promising and safe approach for CRC treatment, especially in MSS tumors.

ContextAnxiety/depression in breast cancer (BC) is common around the world, and Chinese BC patients should not be ignored. The prevalence of anxiety and depression among BC patients are various in different regions of China, but no clear summarization has been made.PurposeThis meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression among breast cancer (BC) patients in China.MethodsA literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane database library, CNKI, Wanfang, and SinoMed was conducted up to 29 December 2021. The effect size (ES) or standard mean difference (SMD) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the prevalence and severity of anxiety/depression were calculated using the STATA 12.0 software.ResultsA total of 63 identified studies were included, containing a total of 53,513 Chinese women confirmed breast cancer. The results showed a high pooled prevalence of anxiety (38%, 95% CI, 27–50%, I2 = 99.4%, p < 0.001) and depression (38%, 95% CI, 33–44%, I2 = 99.2%, p < 0.001) among Chinese BC patients. Moreover, both anxiety (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI, 0.08–0.53, I2 = 91.6%, p < 0.001) and depression (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI, −0.05–0.55, I2 = 95.3%, p < 0.001) in BC patients were more serious than those in healthy controls, but not significantly different from patients with other diseases. Specifically, among the six regions included, the prevalence of anxiety and depression were both the highest in Northeast China, obviously superior than the second-highest region.ConclusionThe study showed high levels of anxiety and depression among BC patients in China, especially those in the northeast. Clinicians and researchers should pay attention to the psychological problems of patients with breast cancer and regard it as one of the important prognostic outcomes of patients.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/index.php, PROSPERO: CRD42020151752.

Understanding and tuning charge transport over a single molecule is a fundamental topic in molecular electronics. Single-molecule junctions composed of individual molecules attached to two electrodes are the most common components built for single-molecule charge transport studies. During the past two decades, rapid technical and theoretical advances in single-molecule junctions have increased our understanding of the conductance properties and functions of molecular devices. In this perspective article, we introduce the basic principles of charge transport in single-molecule junctions, then give an overview of recent progress in modulating single-molecule transport through external stimuli such as electric field and potential, light, mechanical force, heat, and chemical environment. Lastly, we discuss challenges and offer views on future developments in molecular electronics.

The mobile platform of the parallel robot designed for picking and placing operations is usually equipped with one or two extra degree(s) of freedom to enable flexible grasping orientations. However, additional motors indicate extra loads for the moving platform, and the total payload performance shrinks. This paper proposes a spatial picking-and-placing manipulator, in which one actuator that is supposed to be installed on the mobile platform is placed far away from the mobile platform. The platform has a large workspace along one direction. The comprehensive analytical inverse and forward kinematic solutions of this robot are derived. The reachable workspace of the parallel manipulator module is then explored. The novel performance level index is designed to normalize the performance index and demonstrate the performance rank for any pose. A mathematical proof is provided for this novel index. The manipulability index is taken as an example to examine the level indicator. A multi-objective optimization is implemented to pursue optimal performance; then, the initial design and optimized results are compared in detail. A sample trajectory is provided to verify the correctness of the kinematic mathematical model of the parallel mechanism.

Tibetan Plateau lakes have high ecological value and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. This research aimed to study the pollution characteristics, ecological risk, and potential sources of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the surface sediments of 12 Tibetan Plateau lakes. The results of the toxicity risk index (TRI) showed that only Gongzhu Tso (28.09) and La’ ang Tso (20.25) had heavy metals that could pose a very high risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms. Hg posed the highest potential ecological risk to aquatic organisms. Based on the results of multiple analyses, we inferred that the contents of Cr, Cu, Hg, and Ni in sediments of Tibetan lakes were influenced by industrial and agricultural development; Cd, Pb, and Zn were influenced by transport and atmospheric transport; and As was derived from geothermal activity and rock weathering.

Summary: Background: Postoperative complications and recurrence are major diffficulties in the flap techniques for the treatment of pilonidal sinus (PS), however, the risk factors remain unclear. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the highest soft tissue resolution, few studies have applied MRI to investigate the basic parameters of PS. Methods: A total of 100 patients receiving Limberg flap (LF) or Karydakis flap (KF) surgery at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University were retrospectively analyzed, and the median follow-up period was 42 (range, 20–90) months. We performed a multivariate logistic analysis on the clinicopathological parameters and MRI data to identify risk factors for complications and recurrence. Results: The basic parameters of PS were obtained by MRI analysis. The multivariate analysis revealed a large longitudinal sinus diameter (OR = 1.020, 95%CI = 1.000–1.041) and sacrococcygeal dermal thickness (OR = 1.680, 95%CI = 1.142–2.472) to be independent risk factors for early complications. Meanwhile, a small sacrococcygeal fat thickness (OR = 0.923, 95%CI = 0.864–0.987) and a high BMI (OR = 1.291, 95%CI = 1.067–1.563) are independent risk factors for late complications and recurrence, respectively. Conclusion: We used MRI to measure the basic parameters of PS accurately, including size, volume, location and some key points of the surrounding tissues, and identified, besides the selection of surgical approach, some specific basic parameters of PS might be the risk factors for complications and recurrence after flap techniques.

Natural polysaccharides (NPs) possess numerous health-promoting effects, such as liver protection, kidney protection, lung protection, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, gastrointestinal protection, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetic, and anti-aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway is an important endogenous antioxidant pathway, which plays crucial roles in maintaining human health as its protection against oxidative stress. Accumulating evidence suggested that Nrf2 antioxidant pathway might be one of key regulatory targets for the health-promoting effects of NPs. However, the information concerning regulation of NPs on Nrf2 antioxidant pathway is scattered, and NPs show different regulatory behaviors in their different health-promoting processes. Therefore, in this article, structural features of NPs having regulation on Nrf2 antioxidant pathway are overviewed. Moreover, regulatory effects of NPs on this pathway for health-promoting effects are summarized. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship of NPs for health-promoting effects by regulating the pathway is preliminarily discussed. Otherwise, the prospects on future work for regulation of NPs on this pathway are proposed. This review is beneficial to well-understanding of underlying mechanisms for health-promoting effects of NPs from the view angle of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of NPs in promoting human health.

Intensive high-density culture patterns are causing an increasing number of bacterial diseases in fish. Hepcidin links iron metabolism with innate immunity in the process of resisting bacterial infection. In this study, the antibacterial effect of the combination of hepcidin (Cihep) and chitosan (CS) against Flavobacterium columnare was investigated. The dosing regimen was also optimized by adopting a feeding schedule of every three days and every seven days. After 56 days of feeding experiment, grass carp growth, immunity, and gut microbiota were tested. In vitro experiments, Cihep and CS can regulate iron metabolism and antibacterial activity, and that the combination of Cihep and CS had the best protective effect. In vivo experiments, Cihep and CS can improve the growth index of grass carp. After challenge with Flavobacterium columnare, the highest survival rate was observed in the Cihep+CS-3d group. By serum biochemical indicators assay and Prussian blue staining, Cihep and CS can increase iron accumulation and decrease serum iron levels. The contents of lysozyme and superoxide dismutase in Cihep+CS-3d group increased significantly. Meanwhile, Cihep and CS can significantly reduce the pathological damage of gill tissue. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that Cihep and CS can significantly increase the abundance and diversity of grass carp gut microbiota. These results indicated that the protective effect of consecutive 3-day feeding followed by a 3-day interval was better than that of consecutive 7-day feeding followed by a 7-day interval, and that the protective effect of Cihep in combination with chitosan was better than that of Cihep alone. Our findings optimize the feeding pattern for better oral administration of Cihep in aquaculture.

Abstract Background As COVID-19 continues to spread globally, traditional emergency management measures are facing many practical limitations. The application of big data analysis technology provides an opportunity for local governments to conduct the COVID-19 epidemic emergency management more scientifically. The present study, based on emergency management lifecycle theory, includes a comprehensive analysis of the application framework of China’s SARS epidemic emergency management lacked the support of big data technology in 2003. In contrast, this study first proposes a more agile and efficient application framework, supported by big data technology, for the COVID-19 epidemic emergency management and then analyses the differences between the two frameworks. Methods This study takes Hainan Province, China as its case study by using a file content analysis and semistructured interviews to systematically comprehend the strategy and mechanism of Hainan’s application of big data technology in its COVID-19 epidemic emergency management. Results Hainan Province adopted big data technology during the four stages, i.e., migration, preparedness, response, and recovery, of its COVID-19 epidemic emergency management. Hainan Province developed advanced big data management mechanisms and technologies for practical epidemic emergency management, thereby verifying the feasibility and value of the big data technology application framework we propose. Conclusions This study provides empirical evidence for certain aspects of the theory, mechanism, and technology for local governments in different countries and regions to apply, in a precise, agile, and evidence-based manner, big data technology in their formulations of comprehensive COVID-19 epidemic emergency management strategies.

Since the pandemic of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in addition to the harm caused by the disease itself, the psychological damage caused to the public by the pandemic is also a serious problem. The aim of our study was to summarize the systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) of the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia in different populations during the COVID-19 pandemic and to qualitatively evaluate these SRs/MAs. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science to obtain SRs/MAs related to anxiety, depression, and insomnia in different populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main populations we studied were healthcare workers (HCWs), college students (CSs), COVID-19 patients (CPs), and the general populations (GPs). A subgroup analysis was performed of the prevalence of psychological disorders. A total of 42 SRs/MAs (8,200,330 participants) were included in calculating and assessing the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in these populations. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of anxiety in different populations were: HCWs (20–44%), CSs (24–41%), CPs (15–47%), and GPs (22–38%). The prevalence of depression were: HCWs (22–38%), CSs (22–52%), CPs (38–45%), and GPs (16–35%), statistically significant differences between subgroups (p < 0.05). The prevalence of insomnia were: HCWs (28–45%), CSs (27–33%), CPs (34–48%), and GPs (28–35%), statistically significant differences between subgroups (p < 0.05). The comparison revealed a higher prevalence of psychological disorders in the CP group, with insomnia being the most pronounced. The methodological quality of the included SRs/MAs was then evaluated using AMSTAR 2 tool. The results of the methodological quality evaluation showed that 13 SRs/MAs were rated “medium,” 13 were rated “low,” and 16 were rated “very low.” Through the subgroup analysis and evaluation of methodological quality, we found a higher prevalence of insomnia than anxiety and depression among the psychological disorders occurring in different populations during the pandemic, but the sample size on insomnia is small and more high-quality studies are needed to complement our findings.

Camellia oil is one of the four major woody oils in the world and has high nutritional value due to its richness in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and bioactive substances. In order to compare the effects of pretreatments of camellia seeds on the quality, phenolic profile, and antioxidant capacity of camellia oil, three different pretreatment methods, i.e., hot air (HA), steam (ST) and puffing (PU), were used to treat the seed powder in the present study. All three pretreatments changed the internal structure of the camellia seeds. The oil yield was increased after all three pretreatments, with the highest oil yield increased by PU pretreatment (Based on the oil yield, we screened out the best conditions of the three pretreatments, HA pretreatment is 60°C for 40 min, ST pretreatment is 100°C for 15 min, PU pretreatment is 800 rpm). The fatty acids (FAs) of the oil were relatively stable, with no significant changes after three pretreatments. However, all three pretreatments had a significant effect on the acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), and benzo(a)pyrene (Ba P) of the camellia oil. The PU and HA pretreatments could increase the tocopherol content and the total sterols content in the camellia oil. The ST and PU pretreatments significantly increased the free phenolics (FP) content, all three pretreatments reduced the contents of conjugated phenolics (CP) and insoluble-bound phenolics (IBP) in the camellia oil. The IBP made the most significant contribution to the antioxidant capacities of camellia oil. ST and PU prtreatments increased the antioxidant capacities of the total phenolics in the camellia oil. Eight phenolics in FP, CP, and IBP were significantly correlated with the antioxidant capacities of camellia oil. The results of the present study could provide some theoretical guidance for the pretreatment of camellia seeds for higher oil yield, phenolic content and enhanced antioxidant capacities of camellia oil.

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is a well-known food and medicinal plant. Lotus seedpod (Receptaculum Nelumbinis) is the by-products during lotus products processing, which is considered as waste. Numerous studies have been conducted on its phytochemicals, biological activity and industrial application. However, the information on lotus seedpod is scattered and has been rarely summarized. In this review, summaries on preparation and identification of phytochemicals, the biological activities of extracts and phytochemicals, and applications of raw material, extracts and phytochemicals for lotus seedpod were made. Meanwhile, the future study trend was proposed. Recent evidence indicated that lotus seedpods extracts, obtained by non-organic and organic solvents, possessed several activities, which were influenced by extraction solvents and methods. Lotus seedpods were rich in phytochemicals categorized as different chemical groups, such as proanthocyanidins, oligomeric procyanidins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc. These phytochemicals exhibited various bioactivities, including ameliorating cognitive impairment, antioxidation, antibacterial, anti-glycative, neuroprotection, anti-tyrosinase and other activities. Raw material, extracts and phytochemicals of lotus seedpods could be utilized as sources for biochar and biomass material, in food industry and as dye. This review gives well-understanding on lotus seedpod, and provides theoretical basis for its future research and application.

Abstract Because of the popularisation of high‐resolution images, detecting objects in these images quickly and accurately has attracted increasing attention in recent studies. Current convolutional neural networks (CNN)‐based detection methods have limitations in detecting small objects owing to the interference of scale variation. In this work, we propose an improved generic framework based on YOLOv3. Equipped with multiresolution supervision for training and multiresolution aggregation for inference, this method can deal with the challenge of scale variation in high‐resolution images. At first, we move up the multiscale prediction position and add a dilated convolution module on YOLOv3 to improve the accuracy of detection, especially for small objects. Then, we present a coarse to fine method to reduce the detection time. Experiments on a COCO dataset show that our approach achieves 2.8% better accuracy compared with the previous YOLOv3. On a Dataset for Object deTection in Aerial images dataset (a high‐resolution remote sensing dataset), our approach outperformed the YOLOv3 by nearly three percentage points in mean average precision. Moreover, it is up to three times faster as well and two times smaller than the previous YOLOv3.

BackgroundCommunity health workers (CHWs) are essential to improve the responsiveness of the national health system and the capacity of community health services. Since the implementation of the new program for health system reform in 2009, China has adopted an unprecedented policy to attract and retain CHWs to increase the quantity and quality of CHWs equitably. The policy's effects need to be further determined. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the temporal and spatial dynamics of CHWs' mobility in China from 2008 to 2017.MethodsThis study used a multistage stratified sampling method to collect 14,094 CHW mobility records from 24 counties and 12 districts in six provinces in China for analysis. The data cover the period from 2008 to 2017. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were adopted to analyse the distribution of mobile CHWs across different years and different subgroups from 2008 to 2017.ResultsThis study found that China's CHWs were in a state of net inflow from 2008 to 2017. The number of net inflows continued to increase from 2008 to 2011 and had a slight downward trend afterwards. CHW turnover occurred more in rural areas and amongst males, physicians, management and support staff, intermediate and senior professional titles, ≥30 years old group and contractual temporary employees. By contrast, the attraction and retention of CHWs are remarkable amongst nurses, pharmacists, imaging and laboratory technicians, junior title, junior college degree and above and

The Xiao Chengqi (XCQ) formula is a newly constituted traditional Chinese medicine prescription in the treatment of intestinal motility deficiency and is effective in patients with slow transit constipation (STC). XCQ formula was reconstructed based on a “Chengqi” decoction. Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, and cooked ground Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were added to the prescription to enhance. An STC rat model was constructed and treated with the formula to understand the detailed mechanism by which XCQ promotes intestinal peristalsis. The effects of the XCQ formula on intestinal microflora and metabolic levels and the possible molecular mechanism of its regulation were explored using 16S rDNA sequencing, metabolomics sequencing, and tissue RNA sequencing. The results showed a significant decrease in the abundance of Roseburia spp. in the feces of STC rats, a significant decrease in the content of butyl aminobenzene (BAB) in feces, and an increase in the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the colon of STC rats. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that BAB could activate IL-21R on the ICC surface, upregulate the phosphorylation of the downstream molecules STAT3 and ERK, and inhibit loperamide-induced ICC apoptosis. Therefore, the XCQ formula can improve the defecation status of patients with STC by protecting ICC activity, promoting the colonization of Roseburia spp. to promote peristalsis, and increasing the BAB content after metabolism.

Introduction: China emerged from the first wave of COVID-19 in a short period of time and returned to normal economic and living order nationwide, making China's entry into the post-COVID-19 epidemic period since April 2020. However, the COVID-19 epidemic had a great impact on young adults' psychological status and may continue into the post-epidemic period. The enormous economic, employment and entrepreneurship pressures of this period may exacerbate this negative impact. This study investigated the depression status of the young adults and put forward the suggestions on how to strengthen the psychological crisis intervention and social security to cultivate the resilience of the young adults after major public health emergencies. Methods: This study conducted a questionnaire survey to identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms and explore the associated factors of depressive symptoms among 1069 young adults in X City, Hubei province in September 2020. And the multistage stratified random sampling method was used for sampling. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were adopted for statistical analysis. Results: 1069 respondents (67.68% male; mean age = 28.87 ± 4.18 years; age range = 18–35 years) were included in final analyses. About 25.9% of the respondents reported depressive symptoms (CES-D-10 score = 7.28 ± 3.85). Age, marital status, employment status, monthly disposable income, the cognition, experience and social relationship of the COVID-19 epidemic, and regional discrimination were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Being male (P = 0.025), age of 25–29 years (P = 0.011), having a household size with 4–5 (P = 0.01) and more than 8 (P = 0.012) family members, a little pessimism about the prospect of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control (P = 0.044), often (P = 0.018) or always (P = 0.009) participation in anti-epidemic volunteer work were likely to lead to depressive symptoms. Conclusions: In the post-COVID-19 epidemic period, the psychological status of young people is generally stable, but some of them are depressed. Life, work and mental stress affect the generation of depressive symptoms among the young adults.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease characterized by lung inflammation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induced epithelial–mesenchymal transformation of type 2 lung epithelial cells leads to excessive extracellular matrix deposition, which plays an important role in fibrosis. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of 3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-(difluoromethoxy) benzoic acid (DGM) on pulmonary fibrosis and aimed to determine whether EMT plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and whether EMT can be used as a therapeutic target for DGM therapy to reduce IPF. Firstly, stimulation of in vitro cultured A549 cells to construct EMTs with TGF-β1. DGM treatment inhibited the expression of proteins such as α-SMA, vimentin, and collagen Ⅰ and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Accordingly, Smad2/3 phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced by DGM treatment. Secondly, models of tracheal instillation of bleomycin and DGM were used to treat rats to demonstrate their therapeutic effects, such as improving lung function, reducing lung inflammation and fibrosis, reducing collagen deposition, and reducing the expression of E-cadherin. In conclusion, DGM attenuates TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Abstract Background Neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinases (NTRKs) are a gene family function as oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in distinct cancers. We aimed to investigate the methylation and expression profiles and prognostic value of NTRKs gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods An analysis of DNA methylation and expression profiles in CRC patients was performed to explore the critical methylations within NTRKs genes. The methylation marker was validated in a retrospectively collected cohort of 229 CRC patients and tested in other tumor types from TCGA. DNA methylation status was determined by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP). Results The profiles in six CRC cohorts showed that NTRKs gene promoter was more frequently methylated in CRC compared to normal mucosa, which was associated with suppressed gene expression. We identified a specific methylated region within NTRK3 promoter targeted by cg27034819 and cg11525479 that best predicted survival outcome in CRC. NTRK3 promoter methylation showed independently predictive value for survival outcome in the validation cohort (P = 0.004, HR 2.688, 95% CI [1.355, 5.333]). Based on this, a nomogram predicting survival outcome was developed with a C-index of 0.705. Furthermore, the addition of NTRK3 promoter methylation improved the performance of currently-used prognostic model (AIC: 516.49 vs 513.91; LR: 39.06 vs 43.64, P = 0.032). Finally, NTRK3 promoter methylation also predicted survival in other tumors, including pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma and stomach adenocarcinoma. Conclusions This study highlights the essential value of NTRK3 methylation in prognostic evaluation and the potential to improve current prognostic models in CRC and other tumors.

Changes in molecular properties due to stimuli response are critically important for the development of new materials. However, most processes are slow or inefficient in the solid state. Here the authors demonstrate property switching in the solid state using a rubbing-induced tautomerism in multiple hydrogen-bonded donor-acceptor couples.

Most existing text detection methods are mainly motivated by deep learning‐based object detection approaches, which may result in serious overlapping between detected text lines, especially in dense text scenarios. It is because text boxes are not commonly overlapped, as different from general objects in natural scenes. Moreover, text detection requires higher localisation accuracy than object detection. To tackle these problems, the authors propose a novel dense text detection network (DTDN) to localise tighter text lines without overlapping. Their main novelties are: (i) propose an intersection‐over‐union overlap loss, which considers correlations between one anchor and GT boxes and measures how many text areas one anchor contains, (ii) propose a novel anchor sample selection strategy, named CMax‐OMin, to select tighter positive samples for training. CMax‐OMin strategy not only considers whether an anchor has the largest overlap with its corresponding GT box (CMax), but also ensures the overlapping between one anchor and other GT boxes as little as possible (OMin). Besides, they train a bounding‐box regressor as post‐processing to further improve text localisation performance. Experiments on scene text benchmark datasets and their proposed dense text dataset demonstrate that the proposed DTDN achieves competitive performance, especially for dense text scenarios.

BackgroundHigh-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are important for the effective treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, recommendations provided by different quality guidelines may lead to varied clinical practice outcomes.ObjectiveTo assess the quality of available CPGs for the management of BPSD and summarize the best recommendations for treating BPSD.MethodsThis was a systematic review of CPGs for the management of BPSD with data obtained from electronic databases and evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument, consisting of six domains: “Scope and purpose”, “Stakeholder involvement”, “Rigor of development”, “Clarity of presentation”, “Applicability”, and “Editorial independence”. The criteria for high-quality guidelines were set as: the score of high-quality guidelines in the “Rigor of development” domain should be ≥60% and as well as a score of >60% in at least three other domains. High-quality guidelines were selected for recommendation extraction, and the final recommendations were formed in combination with the latest meta-analysis and randomized clinical-trial results.ResultsIn term of median scores in each domain for the six included CPGs, “Scope and purpose” (87.5%) scored better than all others, whereas “Applicability” (46.5%) was the domain with the lowest score. Four CPGs (2015 APA, 2018 NICE, 2018 CANADA, 2020 EAN) met the criteria of high-quality guidelines and were used to extract recommendations. From these four CPGs, nine specific recommendations related to the management of BPSD were summarized, of which seven were related to pharmacological treatment and two to non-pharmacological treatment. These recommendations covered the applicability of antipsychotic drugs, medication recommendations, withdrawal times, and several suitable non-pharmacological therapies.ConclusionThe quality of CPGs for the management of BPSD requires improvement, especially for the “Applicability” domain. For psychotic-like symptoms in dementia, the use of antipsychotics should be based on the individual's risk-benefit ratio, and the use of atypical antipsychotics seems to be a better choice. Non-pharmacological treatments may be suitable for emotional symptoms and sleep disorders.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020209204.

The phospholipid acyl chains of Enterococcus faecalis can be derived either by de novo synthesis or by incorporation of exogenous fatty acids through the fatty acid kinase complex (Fak)-phosphate acyltransferase (PlsX) pathway. Exogenous fatty acids suppress fatty acid synthesis through the transcriptional repressor FabT, the loss of which eliminated regulation of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and resulted in decreased incorporation of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids. Purified FabT bound to the promoters of several fatty acid synthesis genes that contain a specific palindromic sequence and binding was enhanced by acylated derivatives of acyl carrier protein B (acyl-AcpB). The loss of the PlsX pathway blocked FabT-dependent transcriptional repression in the presence of oleic acid. Transcriptional repression was partially retained in a E. faecalis ΔacpB strain which showed decreased fatty acid biosynthesis in the presence of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids. The FabT-dependent activity remaining in the ΔacpB strain indicates that acylated derivatives of AcpA were weak enhancers of FabT binding although AcpA is believed to primarily function in de novo fatty acid synthesis.

Mutations in the APP gene are popularly known as the second cause trigger the familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). We generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from an AD patient using non-integrative Sendai virus. The iPSC line highly expresses pluripotency markers, has the capacity to differentiate into the normal teratoma tissue, retains the APP mutation, and displays the normal karyotype. The iPSC line will provide a useful resource to study the pathogenesis and drugs screening of AD.

Long-standing radical species have raised noteworthy concerns in organic chemistry and but there remains a substantial challenge to produce long-standing radicals by light. Here, the authors demonstrate a stable dithienylethene derived photochromic radical for detection of peroxides and ozone.

Objective. To study the mechanism by which miR-21 regulates the differentiation and function of Th17/Treg cells in sepsis. Methods. A rat model with sepsis was made by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Then, some of the septic rats were transfected with miR-21 mimic or inhibitor by liposome. At 48 hours, lymphocytes and plasma from septic rats were isolated for further experimental detection. The expression of miR-21 in lymphocytes was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); the differentiation of Th17/Treg cells was counted by flow cytometry; lymphocyte apoptosis was observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The caspase-3/9 proteins were tested by Western blot; IL-10 and IL-17 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. Compared with the sepsis group (SP group), the Th17 cells increased significantly, the Treg cells decreased significantly, the apoptosis rate of lymphocytes decreased significantly, the mRNA and proteins of caspase-3/9 decreased significantly, the IL-17 decreased, and the IL-10 increased in the sepsis group transfected with miR-21 (SP + miR-21 mimic group). After transfection of miR-21 inhibitor, the results were almost opposite to those of SP + miR-21 mimic group. Conclusions. The differentiation and function of Th17/Treg cells were regulated by miR-21 in sepsis through caspase pathway.

Background: Changes in the metabolic and structural brain networks in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been widely researched. However, few studies have compared the differences in the topological properties of the metabolic and structural brain networks in patients with MCI.Methods: We analyzedmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) data of 137 patients with MCI and 80 healthy controls (HCs). The HC group data comes from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The permutation test was used to compare the network parameters (characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and global efficiency) between the two groups. Partial Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlations of the changes in gray matter volume and glucose intake in the key brain regions in MCI with the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-cog) sub-item scores.Results: Significant changes in the brain network parameters (longer characteristic path length, larger clustering coefficient, and lower local efficiency and global efficiency) were greater in the structural network than in the metabolic network (longer characteristic path length) in MCI patients than in HCs. We obtained the key brain regions (left globus pallidus, right calcarine fissure and its surrounding cortex, left lingual gyrus) by scanning the hubs. The volume of gray matter atrophy in the left globus pallidus was significantly positively correlated with comprehension of spoken language (p = 0.024) and word-finding difficulty in spontaneous speech item scores (p = 0.007) in the ADAS-cog. Glucose intake in the three key brain regions was significantly negatively correlated with remembering test instructions items in ADAS-cog (p = 0.020, p = 0.014, and p = 0.008, respectively).Conclusion: Structural brain networks showed more changes than metabolic brain networks in patients with MCI. Some brain regions with significant changes in betweenness centrality in both structural and metabolic networks were associated with MCI.

Abstract Background China poverty reduction policy (PRP) addresses two important elements: the targeted poverty reduction (TPA) project since 2015 in line with social assistance policy as national policy; and reducing inequality in health services utilization by making provision of medical financial assistance (MFA). Therefore, this study aims to assess the effects of the PRP in health services utilization (both inpatient and outpatient services) among the central and western rural poor of China. Methods The study conducted household survey and applied propensity score matching (PSM) method to assess the effects of the PRP on health services utilization among the rural poor of Central and Western China. A sensitivity test was also performed on the PSM results to test their robustness. Results Key findings showed 17.6% of respondents were the beneficial of PRP. The average treatment effects on the treated (ATT) of the PRP on the inpatient visits within one year was found significantly positive (P = 0.026). Conclusion There has been relationship between PRP with medical financial assistance and reduction of inequality in health services utilization by the poorer, in particular to accessing the inpatient services from the county or township hospitals of China. Policy makers should pay attention for making provision of improving responsiveness of supply, when subsidizing on the demand side.