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Although various studies recognize the moral licensing effect of good soldiers becoming bad apples, they overlook the (in)congruence of self-concept and good deeds, as well as different types of moral license. Integrating the self-concept literature with moral license theory, we employ a dyadic approach to consider self-concept and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) simultaneously. We investigate whether the (in)congruence of self-concept and OCB affects different types of moral license on subsequent unethical behavior. To test our hypotheses, a multiphase and multisource field study was conducted. Our polynomial regression analyses revealed that inside-based (outside-based) moral license did not exist when the levels of relational (collective) self-concept and OCB-I (OCB-O) were congruent (i.e., low–low or high–high congruent dyads). Asymmetric incongruence effects were also found: employees felt the strongest inside-based (outside-based) moral license when their OCB-I (OCB-O) levels were higher than their relational (collective) self-concept levels. In a laboratory experiment, we further found that inside-based and outside-based moral licenses were positively correlated with unethical behavior respectively. Last, we discussed the contributions and practical implications of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]