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To effectively solve the problem of a small proportion of substantia nigra and midbrain regions in Magnetic Resolution Imaging (MRI) images of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, unclear boundaries with surrounding tissues, and difficulty in accurately delineating boundaries, an improved U2-Net algorithm for Parkinson's substantia nigra midbrain image segmentation was proposed. This algorithm first improves the Residual U-blocks (RSU) and RSU-4F modules using the Shuffle Attention (SA) module, enhancing the network's attention to Parkinson's substantia nigra and midbrain blurry regions in the encoding and decoding layers. Next, replace some ordinary convolutions in RSU-4F with DynamicConv (DyConv), capture local features through dynamic convolution kernels, and improve the segmentation performance of Parkinson's images. The experimental data used clinical data, and the improved algorithm achieved Dice, Precision, Recall, and mIou of 80.27%, 89.99%, 88.88%, and 82.38% in substantia nigra segmentation, respectively. The experimental results show that this algorithm can achieve more precise segmentation of Parkinson's images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context.--Recent immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated Sry-related HMG-Box gene 10 (SOX10) expression in malignant melanomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, a subset of breast carcinomas, and gliomas. SOX10 has shown important clinical utility in its ability to detect desmoplastic and spindle cell melanomas. To date, most publications have employed a research use-only goat polyclonal SOX10 antibody for immunohistochemical staining. Objective.--To describe the development of a new mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody (BC34) and evaluate its immunohistochemical staining profile in a wide range of normal and neoplastic tissues, with an emphasis on melanoma. Design.--SOX10 antibody was optimized for staining using a polymer detection system and visualization with diaminobenzidine. Results.--In normal tissues, SOX10 was expressed in skin melanocytes and eccrine cells, breast myoepithelial and lobular epithelial cells, salivary gland myoepithelial cells, peripheral nerve Schwann cells, and central nervous system glial cells. SOX10 was expressed in 238 of 257 melanomas (92.6%), including 50 of 51 of both spindle cell and desmoplastic melanomas (98%). SOX10 was expressed in 100% of nevi (20 of 20) and schwannomas (28 of 28). In other neoplasms, SOX10 was expressed in 18 of 109 invasive ductal breast carcinomas (16.5%). All other carcinomas were negative for SOX10. SOX10 was identified in 25 of 52 central nervous system neoplasms, primarily in astrocytomas (22 of 41; 53.7%), and in 4 of 99 various sarcomas examined (4.0%). Conclusions.--The newly developed mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody BC34 is highly sensitive and specific for malignant melanoma, including desmoplastic and spindle cell variants, and appears highly suitable for clinical use. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2015; 139:530-536; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0077-0A), Sry-related HMG-Box gene 10 (SOX10) protein is a human transcription factor important for neural crest, peripheral nervous system, and melanocytic cell development. (1-4) The SOX10 nuclear protein has been shown [...]

Context.--Uroplakin II is a 15-kDa protein component of the urothelial plaques that enhance the permeability barrier and strength of the urothelium. Studies have shown uroplakin II messenger RNA to be expressed in bladder cancer tissues and peripheral blood of patients with urothelial carcinoma. Little is known about the protein expression of uroplakin II in urothelial carcinoma, possibly because of the absence of a commercially available uroplakin II antibody. Pathologists have used the uroplakin III antibody (AU1) to identify tumors of urothelial origin; however, the use of AU1 is limited because of its poor sensitivity. Objectives.--To evaluate a newly developed mouse monoclonal uroplakin II antibody (BC21) in urothelial carcinoma and to compare it with previously developed mouse monoclonal uroplakin III (BC17 and AU1). Design.--Uroplakin II and III antibodies were optimized for staining using a horseradish peroxidase-polymer detection system and were visualized with 3,3 -diaminobenzidine. Results.--BC21, BC17, and AU1 demonstrated sensitivities in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder of 79% (44 of 56), 55% (31 of 56) (P = .002), and 34% (19 of 56) (P < .001), respectively. Subsequently, the increased staining sensitivity and intensity of BC21, compared with BC17, was validated in a larger study (134 of 174; 77% and 94 of 174; 54%, respectively) (P < .001). BC21 was found to be highly specific when evaluated in various normal and neoplastic tissues, including prostatic and renal carcinomas. Conclusions.--The mouse monoclonal uroplakin II antibody (BC21) demonstrated superior sensitivity and specificity in urothelial carcinoma, compared with uroplakin III (BC17 and AU1), suggesting its advantages in the differential diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma and in the detection of tumors of unknown origin. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014; 138:943-949; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0221-0A), Bladder cancer is the sixth most commonly occurring carcinoma in the United States, with 73 510 new cases expected to be diagnosed in 2012. (1) This cancer is particularly associated [...]