4,597 results on '"Qi, Peng"'
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2. Dancing in Chains: Reconciling Instruction Following and Faithfulness in Language Models
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Wu, Zhengxuan, Zhang, Yuhao, Qi, Peng, Xu, Yumo, Han, Rujun, Zhang, Yian, Chen, Jifan, Min, Bonan, and Huang, Zhiheng
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Modern language models (LMs) need to follow human instructions while being faithful; yet, they often fail to achieve both. Here, we provide concrete evidence of a trade-off between instruction following (i.e., follow open-ended instructions) and faithfulness (i.e., ground responses in given context) when training LMs with these objectives. For instance, fine-tuning LLaMA-7B on instruction following datasets renders it less faithful. Conversely, instruction-tuned Vicuna-7B shows degraded performance at following instructions when further optimized on tasks that require contextual grounding. One common remedy is multi-task learning (MTL) with data mixing, yet it remains far from achieving a synergic outcome. We propose a simple yet effective method that relies on Rejection Sampling for Continued Self-instruction Tuning (ReSet), which significantly outperforms vanilla MTL. Surprisingly, we find that less is more, as training ReSet with high-quality, yet substantially smaller data (three-fold less) yields superior results. Our findings offer a better understanding of objective discrepancies in alignment training of LMs., Comment: preprint
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- 2024
3. FakingRecipe: Detecting Fake News on Short Video Platforms from the Perspective of Creative Process
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Bu, Yuyan, Sheng, Qiang, Cao, Juan, Qi, Peng, Wang, Danding, and Li, Jintao
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Computers and Society ,Computer Science - Multimedia - Abstract
As short-form video-sharing platforms become a significant channel for news consumption, fake news in short videos has emerged as a serious threat in the online information ecosystem, making developing detection methods for this new scenario an urgent need. Compared with that in text and image formats, fake news on short video platforms contains rich but heterogeneous information in various modalities, posing a challenge to effective feature utilization. Unlike existing works mostly focusing on analyzing what is presented, we introduce a novel perspective that considers how it might be created. Through the lens of the creative process behind news video production, our empirical analysis uncovers the unique characteristics of fake news videos in material selection and editing. Based on the obtained insights, we design FakingRecipe, a creative process-aware model for detecting fake news short videos. It captures the fake news preferences in material selection from sentimental and semantic aspects and considers the traits of material editing from spatial and temporal aspects. To improve evaluation comprehensiveness, we first construct FakeTT, an English dataset for this task, and conduct experiments on both FakeTT and the existing Chinese FakeSV dataset. The results show FakingRecipe's superiority in detecting fake news on short video platforms., Comment: Will appear at ACM Multimedia 2024 (MM 2024), 13 pages, 15 figures
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- 2024
4. RAG-QA Arena: Evaluating Domain Robustness for Long-form Retrieval Augmented Question Answering
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Han, Rujun, Zhang, Yuhao, Qi, Peng, Xu, Yumo, Wang, Jenyuan, Liu, Lan, Wang, William Yang, Min, Bonan, and Castelli, Vittorio
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence - Abstract
Question answering based on retrieval augmented generation (RAG-QA) is an important research topic in NLP and has a wide range of real-world applications. However, most existing datasets for this task are either constructed using a single source corpus or consist of short extractive answers, which fall short of evaluating large language model (LLM) based RAG-QA systems on cross-domain generalization. To address these limitations, we create Long-form RobustQA (LFRQA), a new dataset comprising human-written long-form answers that integrate short extractive answers from multiple documents into a single, coherent narrative, covering 26K queries and large corpora across seven different domains. We further propose RAG-QA Arena by directly comparing model-generated answers against LFRQA's answers using LLMs as evaluators. We show via extensive experiments that RAG-QA Arena and human judgments on answer quality are highly correlated. Moreover, only 41.3% of the most competitive LLM's answers are preferred to LFRQA's answers, demonstrating RAG-QA Arena as a challenging evaluation platform for future research.
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- 2024
5. Nanoscale Dark-Field Imaging in Full-Field Transmission X-Ray Microscopy
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Wirtensohn, Sami, Qi, Peng, David, Christan, Herzen, Julia, Greving, Imke, and Flenner, Silja
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
The dark-field signal uncovers details beyond conventional X-ray attenuation contrast, which is especially valuable for material sciences. In particular, dark-field techniques are able to reveal structures beyond the spatial resolution of a setup. However, its implementation is yet limited to the micrometer regime. Therefore, we propose a technique to extend full-field transmission X-ray microscopy by the dark-field signal. The proposed method is based on a well-defined illumination of a beam-shaping condenser, which allows to block the bright-field by motorized apertures in the back focal plane of the objective's lens. This method offers a simple implementation and enables rapid modality changes while maintaining short scan times, making dark-field imaging widely available at the nanometer scale., Comment: Updated version; revised according to the comments from the peer review. There were only minor changes. In general we mainly added more detailed explanations. We changed the title, extended sections 2.1., 2.2., 2.3. and 3., extended Fig. 1 to better illustrate the differences between the two imaging modes, and made some slight adjustments in section 4. for clarifications
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- 2024
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6. SNIFFER: Multimodal Large Language Model for Explainable Out-of-Context Misinformation Detection
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Qi, Peng, Yan, Zehong, Hsu, Wynne, and Lee, Mong Li
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Computer Science - Multimedia ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Computers and Society - Abstract
Misinformation is a prevalent societal issue due to its potential high risks. Out-of-context (OOC) misinformation, where authentic images are repurposed with false text, is one of the easiest and most effective ways to mislead audiences. Current methods focus on assessing image-text consistency but lack convincing explanations for their judgments, which is essential for debunking misinformation. While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have rich knowledge and innate capability for visual reasoning and explanation generation, they still lack sophistication in understanding and discovering the subtle crossmodal differences. In this paper, we introduce SNIFFER, a novel multimodal large language model specifically engineered for OOC misinformation detection and explanation. SNIFFER employs two-stage instruction tuning on InstructBLIP. The first stage refines the model's concept alignment of generic objects with news-domain entities and the second stage leverages language-only GPT-4 generated OOC-specific instruction data to fine-tune the model's discriminatory powers. Enhanced by external tools and retrieval, SNIFFER not only detects inconsistencies between text and image but also utilizes external knowledge for contextual verification. Our experiments show that SNIFFER surpasses the original MLLM by over 40% and outperforms state-of-the-art methods in detection accuracy. SNIFFER also provides accurate and persuasive explanations as validated by quantitative and human evaluations., Comment: To appear in CVPR 2024
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- 2024
7. Low-temperature deNOx performance and mechanism: a novel FeVO4/CeO2 catalyst for iron ore sintering flue gas
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Ding, Long, Zhao, He-xi, Cheng, Ke, Qian, Li-xin, Qi, Peng-yu, Shi, Qi, and Long, Hong-ming
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- 2024
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8. Characteristics of spatial and temporal carbon emissions from different land uses in Shanxi section of the Yellow River, China
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Zhao, Lin, Chen, Meng-na, Yang, Chuan-hao, Zhang, Run-ze, Zhang, Qi-peng, and Wang, Qian
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- 2024
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9. Suitable Ecological Water Demand for Wetlands Restored to Different Historical Periods in a Latitude area and their Response to Changing Environments
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Xu, Haipeng, Zhang, Dequan, Wu, Yao, Qi, Peng, and Wang, Xiaofeng
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- 2024
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10. Risk assessment of agricultural green water security in Northeast China under climate change
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Sun, Jingxuan, Zhang, Guangxin, Wu, Yanfeng, Chen, Liwen, Qi, Peng, Hu, Boting, and Xu, Yijun
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- 2024
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11. Agricultural Irrigation Water Requirement and Its Response to Climatic Factors Based on Remote Sensing and Single Crop Coefficient Method
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Sun, Jiaxin, Chen, Liwen, Qi, Peng, and Zhang, Guangxin
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- 2024
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12. FeNi Prussian blue analogues on highly graphitized carbon nanosheets as efficient glucose sensors
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Xue, Jin-Hang, Sun, Qiu-Hong, Han, Cheng, Yang, Yuan-Dong, Xu, Shao-Jie, Li, Qi-Peng, and Qian, Jin-Jie
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- 2024
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13. Bad Actor, Good Advisor: Exploring the Role of Large Language Models in Fake News Detection
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Hu, Beizhe, Sheng, Qiang, Cao, Juan, Shi, Yuhui, Li, Yang, Wang, Danding, and Qi, Peng
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computers and Society - Abstract
Detecting fake news requires both a delicate sense of diverse clues and a profound understanding of the real-world background, which remains challenging for detectors based on small language models (SLMs) due to their knowledge and capability limitations. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various tasks, but whether and how LLMs could help with fake news detection remains underexplored. In this paper, we investigate the potential of LLMs in fake news detection. First, we conduct an empirical study and find that a sophisticated LLM such as GPT 3.5 could generally expose fake news and provide desirable multi-perspective rationales but still underperforms the basic SLM, fine-tuned BERT. Our subsequent analysis attributes such a gap to the LLM's inability to select and integrate rationales properly to conclude. Based on these findings, we propose that current LLMs may not substitute fine-tuned SLMs in fake news detection but can be a good advisor for SLMs by providing multi-perspective instructive rationales. To instantiate this proposal, we design an adaptive rationale guidance network for fake news detection (ARG), in which SLMs selectively acquire insights on news analysis from the LLMs' rationales. We further derive a rationale-free version of ARG by distillation, namely ARG-D, which services cost-sensitive scenarios without querying LLMs. Experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that ARG and ARG-D outperform three types of baseline methods, including SLM-based, LLM-based, and combinations of small and large language models., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, and 9 tables. To appear at AAAI 2024
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- 2023
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14. Learning from Heterogeneity: A Dynamic Learning Framework for Hypergraphs
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Zhang, Tiehua, Liu, Yuze, Shen, Zhishu, Ma, Xingjun, Qi, Peng, Ding, Zhijun, and Jin, Jiong
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Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Graph neural network (GNN) has gained increasing popularity in recent years owing to its capability and flexibility in modeling complex graph structure data. Among all graph learning methods, hypergraph learning is a technique for exploring the implicit higher-order correlations when training the embedding space of the graph. In this paper, we propose a hypergraph learning framework named LFH that is capable of dynamic hyperedge construction and attentive embedding update utilizing the heterogeneity attributes of the graph. Specifically, in our framework, the high-quality features are first generated by the pairwise fusion strategy that utilizes explicit graph structure information when generating initial node embedding. Afterwards, a hypergraph is constructed through the dynamic grouping of implicit hyperedges, followed by the type-specific hypergraph learning process. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed framework, we conduct comprehensive experiments on several popular datasets with eleven state-of-the-art models on both node classification and link prediction tasks, which fall into categories of homogeneous pairwise graph learning, heterogeneous pairwise graph learning, and hypergraph learning. The experiment results demonstrate a significant performance gain (average 12.5% in node classification and 13.3% in link prediction) compared with recent state-of-the-art methods.
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- 2023
15. Mechanisms for carbon stock driving and scenario modeling in typical mountainous watersheds of northeastern China
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Zhang, Jin, Zhang, Wen-Guang, Zhang, Xin-Yan, Li, Yu-Hong, Feng, Ming-Ming, Qi, Peng, Huang, Yi-Qiang, Li, Rui, Jiang, Ming, Zou, Yuan-Chun, and Wu, Yi
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- 2024
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16. Empirical Reflection and Standard Configuration of Data Authorization Mode in Platform User Agreements Based on Research on 37 Platforms
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Qi, Peng, Yang, Gen, Liang, Jiaqi, Ma, Yunxi, Song, Aoni, Ran, Wenxuan, Luo, Xun, Editor-in-Chief, Almohammedi, Akram A., Series Editor, Chen, Chi-Hua, Series Editor, Guan, Steven, Series Editor, Pamucar, Dragan, Series Editor, Qi, Peng, editor, and Chen, Zhikui, editor
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- 2024
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17. The reverse TRBV30 gene of mammals: a defect or superiority in evolution?
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Fengli Wu, Yingjie Wu, Yuanning Yao, Yuanyuan Xu, Qi Peng, Long Ma, Jun Li, and Xinsheng Yao
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TRB locus ,TRBV30 ,TCR ,CDR3 repertoire ,Recombination Signal sequences ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract At the 3’ end of the C2 gene in the mammalian TRB locus, a distinct reverse TRBV30 gene (named TRBV31 in mice) has been conserved throughout evolution. In the fully annotated TRB locus of 14 mammals (including six orders), we observed noteworthy variations in the localization and quality of the reverse V30 genes and Recombination Signal Sequences (RSSs) in the gene trees of 13 mammals. Conversely, the forward V29 genes and RSSs were generally consistent with the species tree of their corresponding species. This finding suggested that the evolution of the reverse V30 gene was not synchronous and likely played a crucial role in regulating adaptive immune responses. To further investigate this possibility, we utilized single-cell TCR sequencing (scTCR-seq) and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to analyze TCRβ CDR3 repertoires from both central and peripheral tissues of Primates (Homo sapiens and Macaca mulatta), Rodentia (Mus musculus: BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Kunming mice), Artiodactyla (Bos taurus and Bubalus bubalis), and Chiroptera (Rhinolophus affinis and Hipposideros armige). Our investigation revealed several novel observations: (1) The reverse V30 gene exhibits classical rearrangement patterns adhering to the ‘12/23 rule’ and the ‘D-J rearrangement preceding the V-(D-J) rearrangement’. This results in the formation of rearranged V30-D2J2, V30-D1J1, and V30-D1J2. However, we also identified ‘special rearrangement patterns’ wherein V30-D rearrangement preceding D-J rearrangement, giving rise to rearranged V30-D2-J1 and forward Vx-D2-J. (2) Compared to the ‘deletional rearrangement’ (looping out) of forward V1-V29 genes, the reverse V30 gene exhibits preferential utilization with ‘inversional rearrangement’. This may be attributed to the shorter distance between the V30 gene and D gene and the ‘inversional rearrangement’ modes. In summary, in the mammalian TRB locus, the reverse V30 gene has been uniquely preserved throughout evolution and preferentially utilized in V(D)J recombination, potentially serving a significant role in adaptive immunity. These results will pave the way for novel and specialized research into the mechanisms, efficiency, and function of V(D)J recombination in mammals.
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- 2024
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18. Two Heads Are Better Than One: Improving Fake News Video Detection by Correlating with Neighbors
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Qi, Peng, Zhao, Yuyang, Shen, Yufeng, Ji, Wei, Cao, Juan, and Chua, Tat-Seng
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Computer Science - Multimedia - Abstract
The prevalence of short video platforms has spawned a lot of fake news videos, which have stronger propagation ability than textual fake news. Thus, automatically detecting fake news videos has been an important countermeasure in practice. Previous works commonly verify each news video individually with multimodal information. Nevertheless, news videos from different perspectives regarding the same event are commonly posted together, which contain complementary or contradictory information and thus can be used to evaluate each other mutually. To this end, we introduce a new and practical paradigm, i.e., cross-sample fake news video detection, and propose a novel framework, Neighbor-Enhanced fakE news video Detection (NEED), which integrates the neighborhood relationship of new videos belonging to the same event. NEED can be readily combined with existing single-sample detectors and further enhance their performances with the proposed graph aggregation (GA) and debunking rectification (DR) modules. Specifically, given the feature representations obtained from single-sample detectors, GA aggregates the neighborhood information with the dynamic graph to enrich the features of independent samples. After that, DR explicitly leverages the relationship between debunking videos and fake news videos to refute the candidate videos via textual and visual consistency. Extensive experiments on the public benchmark demonstrate that NEED greatly improves the performance of both single-modal (up to 8.34% in accuracy) and multimodal (up to 4.97% in accuracy) base detectors. Codes are available in https://github.com/ICTMCG/NEED., Comment: To appear in ACL 2023 Findings
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- 2023
19. Peer-Review Statements
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Qi, Peng, Chen, Zhikui, Luo, Xun, Editor-in-Chief, Almohammedi, Akram A., Series Editor, Chen, Chi-Hua, Series Editor, Guan, Steven, Series Editor, Pamucar, Dragan, Series Editor, Qi, Peng, editor, and Chen, Zhikui, editor
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- 2024
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20. A High Performance Detailed Router Based on Integer Programming with Adaptive Route Guides.
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Zhongdong Qi, Shizhe Hu, Qi Peng, Hailong You, Chao Han, and Zhangming Zhu
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- 2024
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21. Transperitoneal vs retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: a double-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial
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Liu, Junyao, Zhang, Bin, Qi, Peng, Ren, Xiaowei, Zheng, Duo, He, Yang, Zheng, Xu, Yue, Zhongjin, Li, Ye, Yang, Ningqiang, Wang, Zhiping, Bao, Junsheng, Tian, Junqiang, Yang, Li, Zhai, Zhenxing, Zuo, Lingjun, Hou, Zizhen, Wang, Jiaji, Wang, Wei, Chang, Hong, Ma, Junhai, Zhang, Yunxin, Dong, Zhichun, Dong, Zhilong, Zhong, Ganping, Cheng, Hui, Lei, Pengyuan, Li, Zhongming, Wu, GongJin, and Shang, Panfeng
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- 2024
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22. Identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to post-traumatic stress disorder due to traumatic brain injury
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Qi, Peng, Huang, Mengjie, Ren, Xuewen, Zhai, Yongzhi, Qiu, Chen, and Zhu, Haiyan
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- 2024
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23. SH3RF2 contributes to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by promoting RBPMS degradation
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Gong, Ting-Ting, Liu, Fang-Hua, Xiao, Qian, Li, Yi-Zi, Wei, Yi-Fan, Xu, He-Li, Cao, Fan, Sun, Ming-Li, Jiang, Feng-Li, Tao, Tao, Ma, Qi-Peng, Qin, Xue, Song, Yang, Gao, Song, Wu, Lang, Zhao, Yu-Hong, Huang, Dong-Hui, and Wu, Qi-Jun
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- 2024
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24. A Miniaturised Camera-based Multi-Modal Tactile Sensor
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Althoefer, Kaspar, Ling, Yonggen, Li, Wanlin, Qian, Xinyuan, Lee, Wang Wei, and Qi, Peng
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing - Abstract
In conjunction with huge recent progress in camera and computer vision technology, camera-based sensors have increasingly shown considerable promise in relation to tactile sensing. In comparison to competing technologies (be they resistive, capacitive or magnetic based), they offer super-high-resolution, while suffering from fewer wiring problems. The human tactile system is composed of various types of mechanoreceptors, each able to perceive and process distinct information such as force, pressure, texture, etc. Camera-based tactile sensors such as GelSight mainly focus on high-resolution geometric sensing on a flat surface, and their force measurement capabilities are limited by the hysteresis and non-linearity of the silicone material. In this paper, we present a miniaturised dome-shaped camera-based tactile sensor that allows accurate force and tactile sensing in a single coherent system. The key novelty of the sensor design is as follows. First, we demonstrate how to build a smooth silicone hemispheric sensing medium with uniform markers on its curved surface. Second, we enhance the illumination of the rounded silicone with diffused LEDs. Third, we construct a force-sensitive mechanical structure in a compact form factor with usage of springs to accurately perceive forces. Our multi-modal sensor is able to acquire tactile information from multi-axis forces, local force distribution, and contact geometry, all in real-time. We apply an end-to-end deep learning method to process all the information.
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- 2023
25. Combating Online Misinformation Videos: Characterization, Detection, and Future Directions
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Bu, Yuyan, Sheng, Qiang, Cao, Juan, Qi, Peng, Wang, Danding, and Li, Jintao
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Multimedia ,Computer Science - Social and Information Networks - Abstract
With information consumption via online video streaming becoming increasingly popular, misinformation video poses a new threat to the health of the online information ecosystem. Though previous studies have made much progress in detecting misinformation in text and image formats, video-based misinformation brings new and unique challenges to automatic detection systems: 1) high information heterogeneity brought by various modalities, 2) blurred distinction between misleading video manipulation and nonmalicious artistic video editing, and 3) new patterns of misinformation propagation due to the dominant role of recommendation systems on online video platforms. To facilitate research on this challenging task, we conduct this survey to present advances in misinformation video detection. We first analyze and characterize the misinformation video from three levels including signals, semantics, and intents. Based on the characterization, we systematically review existing works for detection from features of various modalities to techniques for clue integration. We also introduce existing resources including representative datasets and useful tools. Besides summarizing existing studies, we discuss related areas and outline open issues and future directions to encourage and guide more research on misinformation video detection. The corresponding repository is at https://github.com/ICTMCG/Awesome-Misinfo-Video-Detection., Comment: Accepted at ACM Multimedia 2023 (MM 2023). 11 pages, 4 figures, and 89 references
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- 2023
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26. Effect of Salt Addition at Different Processing Stages on the Quality and Volatile Flavor Components of Marinated Crayfish Tails
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WANG Ziling, ZHANG Zihao, ZENG Luyao, LAO Mengtian, WANG Haibin, WANG Qi, PENG Lijuan, LU Hongyan, ZOU Shengbi
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crayfish ,salt ,marination ,processing stages ,quality ,volatile flavor ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
In this study, the effects of the addition of different amounts of salt (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%) at five stages of processing: raw shrimp, blanching, marination, soaking for 2 h and soaking at 4 ℃ for 24 h, on the quality and volatile flavor compounds of marinated crayfish were investigated. The results showed that L* values increased and then decreased as the processing stages proceeded, while a* and b* values both continued to increase. But salt addition had little effect on the color difference. Additionally, moisture content decreased and then increased, and was affected little by salt addition. For 1%, 2% and 3% salt addition, hardness, elasticity, chewiness and adhesion showed an initial increasing and subsequent decreasing trend. Without salt addition, hardness and chewiness continued to increase. For each group, elasticity and cohesiveness increased and then did not show any significant change. The electronic nose results could be roughly divided into four parts, raw shrimp and blanching, marination, soaking for 2 h, and soaking at 4 ℃ for 24 h. There were also some differences between the less and more salt addition groups. The electronic tongue results showed that as salt addition increased or the processing stages proceeded, saltiness, astringency, and umami taste increased, and other taste attributes changed little. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) analysis showed that salt addition and marination had a positive effect on the volatile flavor of crayfish. However, excessive salt addition and too long processing time were detrimental to volatile flavors. In conclusion, the addition of salt and processing stages can affect the quality and flavor of marinated crayfish.
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- 2024
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27. P. gingivalis in oral-prostate axis exacerbates benign prostatic hyperplasia via IL-6/IL-6R pathway
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Shuang-Ying Wang, Yi Cai, Xiao Hu, Fei Li, Xin-Hang Qian, Ling-Yun Xia, Bo Gao, Lan Wu, Wen-Zhong Xie, Jia-Min Gu, Tong Deng, Cong Zhu, Hai-Chang Jia, Wan-Qi Peng, Jiao Huang, Cheng Fang, and Xian-Tao Zeng
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Porphyromonas gingivalis ,Benign prostatic hyperplasia ,Periodontitis ,Oral pathogens ,Inflammation ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Military Science - Abstract
Abstract Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease in elderly men. There is increasing evidence that periodontitis increases the risk of BPH, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in the development of BPH. Methods The subgingival plaque (Sp) and prostatic fluid (Pf) of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis were extracted and cultured for 16S rDNA sequencing. Ligature-induced periodontitis, testosterone-induced BPH and the composite models in rats were established. The P. gingivalis and its toxic factor P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) were injected into the ventral lobe of prostate in rats to simulate its colonization of prostate. P.g-LPS was used to construct the prostate cell infection model for mechanism exploration. Results P. gingivalis, Streptococcus oralis, Capnocytophaga ochracea and other oral pathogens were simultaneously detected in the Pf and Sp of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis, and the average relative abundance of P. gingivalis was found to be the highest. P. gingivalis was detected in both Pf and Sp in 62.5% of patients. Simultaneous periodontitis and BPH synergistically aggravated prostate histological changes. P. gingivalis and P.g-LPS infection could induce obvious hyperplasia of the prostate epithelium and stroma (epithelial thickness was 2.97- and 3.08-fold that of control group, respectively), and increase of collagen fibrosis (3.81- and 5.02-fold that of control group, respectively). P. gingivalis infection promoted prostate cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and upregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6; 4.47-fold), interleukin-6 receptor-α (IL-6Rα; 5.74-fold) and glycoprotein 130 (gp130; 4.47-fold) in prostatic tissue. P.g-LPS could significantly inhibit cell apoptosis, promote mitosis and proliferation of cells. P.g-LPS activates the Akt pathway through IL-6/IL-6Rα/gp130 complex, which destroys the imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cells, induces BPH. Conclusion P. gingivalis was abundant in the Pf of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis. P. gingivalis infection can promote BPH, which may affect the progression of BPH via inflammation and the Akt signaling pathway.
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- 2024
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28. CLK2 mediates IκBα-independent early termination of NF-κB activation by inducing cytoplasmic redistribution and degradation
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Shang-Ze Li, Qi-Peng Shu, Hai-Meng Zhou, Yu-Ying Liu, Meng-Qi Fan, Xin-Yi Liang, Lin-Zhi Qi, Ya-Nan He, Xue-Yi Liu, Xue-Hua Du, Xi-Chen Huang, Yu-Zhen Chen, Run-Lei Du, Yue-Xiu Liang, and Xiao-Dong Zhang
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Activation of the NF-κB pathway is strictly regulated to prevent excessive inflammatory and immune responses. In a well-known negative feedback model, IκBα-dependent NF-κB termination is a delayed response pattern in the later stage of activation, and the mechanisms mediating the rapid termination of active NF-κB remain unclear. Here, we showed IκBα-independent rapid termination of nuclear NF-κB mediated by CLK2, which negatively regulated active NF-κB by phosphorylating the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB at Ser180 in the nucleus to limit its transcriptional activation through degradation and nuclear export. Depletion of CLK2 increased the production of inflammatory cytokines, reduced viral replication and increased the survival of the mice. Mechanistically, CLK2 phosphorylated RelA/p65 at Ser180 in the nucleus, leading to ubiquitin‒proteasome-mediated degradation and cytoplasmic redistribution. Importantly, a CLK2 inhibitor promoted cytokine production, reduced viral replication, and accelerated murine psoriasis. This study revealed an IκBα-independent mechanism of early-stage termination of NF-κB in which phosphorylated Ser180 RelA/p65 turned off posttranslational modifications associated with transcriptional activation, ultimately resulting in the degradation and nuclear export of RelA/p65 to inhibit excessive inflammatory activation. Our findings showed that the phosphorylation of RelA/p65 at Ser180 in the nucleus inhibits early-stage NF-κB activation, thereby mediating the negative regulation of NF-κB.
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- 2024
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29. Cell death dependent on holins LrgAB repressed by a novel ArsR family regulator CdsR
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Xin Zhang, Yuhan Chen, Tinglu Yan, Hengjie Wang, Ruibin Zhang, Yanrong Xu, Yujia Hou, Qi Peng, and Fuping Song
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Abstract The cell death and survival paradox in various biological processes requires clarification. While spore development causes maternal cell death in Bacillus species, the involvement of other cell death pathways in sporulation remains unknown. Here, we identified a novel ArsR family transcriptional regulator, CdsR, and found that the deletion of its encoding gene cdsR causes cell lysis and inhibits sporulation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an ArsR family transcriptional regulator governing cell death. We found that CdsR directly repressed lrgAB expression. Furthermore, lrgAB overexpression resulted in cell lysis without sporulation, akin to the cdsR mutant, suggesting that LrgAB, a holin-like protein, induces cell death in Bacillus spp. The lrgAB mutation increases abnormal cell numbers during spore development. In conclusion, we propose that a novel repressor is vital for inhibiting LrgAB-dependent cell lysis.
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- 2024
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30. Genome analyses reveal population structure and a purple stigma color gene candidate in finger millet
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Devos, Katrien M, Qi, Peng, Bahri, Bochra A, Gimode, Davis M, Jenike, Katharine, Manthi, Samuel J, Lule, Dagnachew, Lux, Thomas, Martinez-Bello, Liliam, Pendergast, Thomas H, Plott, Chris, Saha, Dipnarayan, Sidhu, Gurjot S, Sreedasyam, Avinash, Wang, Xuewen, Wang, Hao, Wright, Hallie, Zhao, Jianxin, Deshpande, Santosh, de Villiers, Santie, Dida, Mathews M, Grimwood, Jane, Jenkins, Jerry, Lovell, John, Mayer, Klaus FX, Mneney, Emmarold E, Ojulong, Henry F, Schatz, Michael C, Schmutz, Jeremy, Song, Bo, Tesfaye, Kassahun, and Odeny, Damaris A
- Subjects
Agricultural ,Veterinary and Food Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Humans ,Infant ,Eleusine ,Plant Breeding ,Genome ,Plant ,Phenotype ,Africa ,Eastern - Abstract
Finger millet is a key food security crop widely grown in eastern Africa, India and Nepal. Long considered a 'poor man's crop', finger millet has regained attention over the past decade for its climate resilience and the nutritional qualities of its grain. To bring finger millet breeding into the 21st century, here we present the assembly and annotation of a chromosome-scale reference genome. We show that this ~1.3 million years old allotetraploid has a high level of homoeologous gene retention and lacks subgenome dominance. Population structure is mainly driven by the differential presence of large wild segments in the pericentromeric regions of several chromosomes. Trait mapping, followed by variant analysis of gene candidates, reveals that loss of purple coloration of anthers and stigma is associated with loss-of-function mutations in the finger millet orthologs of the maize R1/B1 and Arabidopsis GL3/EGL3 anthocyanin regulatory genes. Proanthocyanidin production in seed is not affected by these gene knockouts.
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- 2023
31. Retraction Note: Forkhead factor FOXQ1 promotes TGF-β1 expression and induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition
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Fan, Dong-Mei, Feng, Xiao-Shan, Qi, Peng-Wei, and Chen, Ya-Wei
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- 2024
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32. Tokenization Consistency Matters for Generative Models on Extractive NLP Tasks
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Sun, Kaiser, Qi, Peng, Zhang, Yuhao, Liu, Lan, Wang, William Yang, and Huang, Zhiheng
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Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Generative models have been widely applied to solve extractive tasks, where parts of the input is extracted to form the desired output, and achieved significant success. For example, in extractive question answering (QA), generative models have constantly yielded state-of-the-art results. In this work, we identify the issue of tokenization inconsistency that is commonly neglected in training these models. This issue damages the extractive nature of these tasks after the input and output are tokenized inconsistently by the tokenizer, and thus leads to performance drop as well as hallucination. We propose a simple yet effective fix to this issue and conduct a case study on extractive QA. We show that, with consistent tokenization, the model performs better in both in-domain and out-of-domain datasets, with a notable average of +1.7 F2 gain when a BART model is trained on SQuAD and evaluated on 8 QA datasets. Further, the model converges faster, and becomes less likely to generate out-of-context answers. With these findings, we would like to call for more attention on how tokenization should be done when solving extractive tasks and recommend applying consistent tokenization during training., Comment: Findings of EMNLP2023
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- 2022
33. Tilting refractive x-ray lenses for fine-tuning their focal length
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Celestre, Rafael, Roth, Thomas, Detlefs, Carsten, Qi, Peng, Cammarata, Marco, del Rio, Manuel Sanchez, and Barrett, Raymond
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
In this work, we measure and model tilted x-ray refractive lenses to investigate their effects on an x-ray beam. The modelling is benchmarked against at-wavelength metrology obtained with x-ray speckle vector tracking experiments (XSVT) at the BM05 beamline at the ESRF-EBS light source, showing very good agreement. This validation permits us to explore possible applications of tilted x-ray lenses in optical design: we demonstrate that tilting 1D lenses around their focusing direction can be used for fine-tuning their focal length with possible applications in beamline optical design., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, 38 references to be submitted to Optics Express
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- 2022
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34. FakeSV: A Multimodal Benchmark with Rich Social Context for Fake News Detection on Short Video Platforms
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Qi, Peng, Bu, Yuyan, Cao, Juan, Ji, Wei, Shui, Ruihao, Xiao, Junbin, Wang, Danding, and Chua, Tat-Seng
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Computer Science - Multimedia - Abstract
Short video platforms have become an important channel for news sharing, but also a new breeding ground for fake news. To mitigate this problem, research of fake news video detection has recently received a lot of attention. Existing works face two roadblocks: the scarcity of comprehensive and largescale datasets and insufficient utilization of multimodal information. Therefore, in this paper, we construct the largest Chinese short video dataset about fake news named FakeSV, which includes news content, user comments, and publisher profiles simultaneously. To understand the characteristics of fake news videos, we conduct exploratory analysis of FakeSV from different perspectives. Moreover, we provide a new multimodal detection model named SV-FEND, which exploits the cross-modal correlations to select the most informative features and utilizes the social context information for detection. Extensive experiments evaluate the superiority of the proposed method and provide detailed comparisons of different methods and modalities for future works., Comment: To appear in AAAI 2023 AISI track. This version contains appendix with additional details
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- 2022
35. Challenges in Explanation Quality Evaluation
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Schuff, Hendrik, Adel, Heike, Qi, Peng, and Vu, Ngoc Thang
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction - Abstract
While much research focused on producing explanations, it is still unclear how the produced explanations' quality can be evaluated in a meaningful way. Today's predominant approach is to quantify explanations using proxy scores which compare explanations to (human-annotated) gold explanations. This approach assumes that explanations which reach higher proxy scores will also provide a greater benefit to human users. In this paper, we present problems of this approach. Concretely, we (i) formulate desired characteristics of explanation quality, (ii) describe how current evaluation practices violate them, and (iii) support our argumentation with initial evidence from a crowdsourcing case study in which we investigate the explanation quality of state-of-the-art explainable question answering systems. We find that proxy scores correlate poorly with human quality ratings and, additionally, become less expressive the more often they are used (i.e. following Goodhart's law). Finally, we propose guidelines to enable a meaningful evaluation of explanations to drive the development of systems that provide tangible benefits to human users., Comment: 41 pages, 11 figures
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- 2022
36. Language Agnostic Multilingual Information Retrieval with Contrastive Learning
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Hu, Xiyang, Chen, Xinchi, Qi, Peng, Kong, Deguang, Liu, Kunlun, Wang, William Yang, and Huang, Zhiheng
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Computer Science - Information Retrieval ,Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Multilingual information retrieval (IR) is challenging since annotated training data is costly to obtain in many languages. We present an effective method to train multilingual IR systems when only English IR training data and some parallel corpora between English and other languages are available. We leverage parallel and non-parallel corpora to improve the pretrained multilingual language models' cross-lingual transfer ability. We design a semantic contrastive loss to align representations of parallel sentences that share the same semantics in different languages, and a new language contrastive loss to leverage parallel sentence pairs to remove language-specific information in sentence representations from non-parallel corpora. When trained on English IR data with these losses and evaluated zero-shot on non-English data, our model demonstrates significant improvement to prior work on retrieval performance, while it requires much less computational effort. We also demonstrate the value of our model for a practical setting when a parallel corpus is only available for a few languages, but a lack of parallel corpora resources persists for many other low-resource languages. Our model can work well even with a small number of parallel sentences, and be used as an add-on module to any backbones and other tasks., Comment: ACL Findings 2023
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- 2022
37. scRNA+ TCR-seq revealed dual TCR T cells antitumor response in the TME of NSCLC
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Yuanyuan Xu, Qi Peng, and Xinsheng Yao
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
The intricate origins, subsets, and characteristics of TCR (T Cell Receptor) s, along with the mechanisms underpinning the antitumor response of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain enigmatic. Recently, the advent of single-cell RNA+TCR-sequencing (scRNA+TCR seq) has revolutionized TME analysis, providing unprecedented insight into the origins, cell subsets, TCR CDR3 compositions, and the expression patterns of response/depletion factors within individual tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Our analysis of the shared scRNA+TCR seq dataset revealed a substantial presence of dual TCR T cells, characterized by clonal hyperplasia and remarkable migratory prowess across various tissues, including blood, normal, peritumoral, and tumor tissues in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Notably, dual TCR CD8+T cells predominantly fell within the CXCL13+subset, displaying potent antitumor activity and a strong preference for tumor tissue residency. Conversely, dual TCR CD4+T cells were predominantly classified as CD5+ or LMNA+subsets, exhibiting a more even distribution across diverse tissue types. By harnessing scRNA+TCR seq and other cutting-edge technologies, we can delve deeper into the effects and mechanisms that regulate the antitumor response or tolerance of dual TCR T cells. This innovative approach holds immense promise in offering fresh perspectives and avenues for advancing research on TIL (Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte)s within the TME.
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- 2024
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38. The significance of recurrent de novo amino acid substitutions that emerged during chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection: an observational studyResearch in context
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Jonathan Daniel Ip, Wing-Ming Chu, Wan-Mui Chan, Allen Wing-Ho Chu, Rhoda Cheuk-Ying Leung, Qi Peng, Anthony Raymond Tam, Brian Pui-Chun Chan, Jian-Piao Cai, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Kin-Hang Kok, Yi Shi, Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, and Kelvin Kai-Wang To
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COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Chronic infection ,EG.5 ,BA.2.86 ,JN.1 ,Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Summary: Background: De novo amino acid substitutions (DNS) frequently emerge among immunocompromised patients with chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection. While previous studies have reported these DNS, their significance has not been systematically studied. Methods: We performed a review of DNS that emerged during chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection. We searched PubMed until June 2023 using the keywords “(SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) and (mutation or sequencing) and ((prolonged infection) or (chronic infection) or (long term))”. We included patients with chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection who had SARS-CoV-2 sequencing performed for at least 3 time points over at least 60 days. We also included 4 additional SARS-CoV-2 patients with chronic infection of our hospital not reported previously. We determined recurrent DNS that has appeared in multiple patients and determined the significance of these mutations among epidemiologically-significant variants. Findings: A total of 34 cases were analyzed, including 30 that were published previously and 4 from our hospital. Twenty two DNS appeared in ≥3 patients, with 14 (64%) belonging to lineage-defining mutations (LDMs) of epidemiologically-significant variants and 10 (45%) emerging among chronically-infected patients before the appearance of the corresponding variant. Notably, nsp9-T35I substitution (Orf1a T4175I) emerged in all three patients with BA.2.2 infection in 2022 before the appearance of Variants of Interest that carry nsp9-T35I as LDM (EG.5 and BA.2.86/JN.1). Structural analysis suggests that nsp9-T35I substitution may affect nsp9-nsp12 interaction, which could be critical for the function of the replication and transcription complex. Interpretation: DNS that emerges recurrently in different chronically-infected patients may be used as a marker for potential epidemiologically-significant variants. Funding: Theme-Based Research Scheme [T11/709/21-N] of the Research Grants Council (See acknowledgements for full list).
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- 2024
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39. Improving ecological protection Redline from the perspective of water quality protection: A case study in the Tianmu lake watershed, China
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Qi Peng, Shuyao Shao, Yan Wu, and Weizhong Su
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Water quality protection ,Ecological Protection Redline (EPR) ,Water purification service ,Vertical ecosystem processes ,Horizontal ecosystem process ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Ecological Protection Redline (EPR) is pivotal for constructing an ecological security framework in China. However, the current EPR delineation exhibits deficiencies because the assessment methods predominantly rely on vertical ecological processes, neglecting horizontal interconnections between ecosystems. To address this issue, this study proposed a hydrological distribution model based on water quality purification functions and environmental risk assessment, the research references Chinese drinking water quality standards. We identify the key purification areas and find a high pollutant correlation with a Pearson coefficient of 0.961. Also, the overlap rate between KWPAs and current EPRs is 89.1 %. This paper suggests that the area of the Redline boundary supplement area is 553.46 ha, and suggests that the area of the internal optimization and improvement area is 244.27 ha. Moreover, the study provides a reference tool for identifying areas with significant ecological value of other watersheds.
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- 2024
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40. The glycosylation sites in RBD of spike protein attenuate the immunogenicity of PEDV AH2012/12
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Gege Zhang, Qi Peng, Shiyu Liu, Baochao Fan, Chuanhong Wang, Xu Song, Qiuxia Cao, Chengcheng Li, Hong Xu, Hongting Lu, Meiying Bao, Shanshan Yang, Yunchuan Li, Jiaxiang Wang, and Bin Li
- Subjects
PEDV ,RBD ,Glycosylation ,Reverse genetics ,Pathogenicity ,Immunogenicity ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious swine intestinal disease caused by PED virus (PEDV). Vaccination is a promising strategy to prevent and control PED. Previous studies have confirmed that glycosylation could regulate the immunogenicity of viral antigens. In this study, we constructed three recombinant PEDVs which removed the glycosylation sites in RBD. Viral infection assays revealed that similar replication characteristics between the recombinant viruses and parental PEDV. Although animal challenging study demonstrated that the glycosylation sites in RBD do not affect the pathogenicity of PEDV, we found that removing the glycosylation sites on the RBD regions could promote the IgG and neutralization titer in vivo, suggesting deglycosylation in RBD could enhance the immunogenicity of PEDV. These findings demonstrated that removal of the glycosylation sites in RBD is a promising method to develop PEDV vaccines.
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- 2024
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41. SpanDrop: Simple and Effective Counterfactual Learning for Long Sequences
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Qi, Peng, Wang, Guangtao, and Huang, Jing
- Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Distilling supervision signal from a long sequence to make predictions is a challenging task in machine learning, especially when not all elements in the input sequence contribute equally to the desired output. In this paper, we propose SpanDrop, a simple and effective data augmentation technique that helps models identify the true supervision signal in a long sequence with very few examples. By directly manipulating the input sequence, SpanDrop randomly ablates parts of the sequence at a time and ask the model to perform the same task to emulate counterfactual learning and achieve input attribution. Based on theoretical analysis of its properties, we also propose a variant of SpanDrop based on the beta-Bernoulli distribution, which yields diverse augmented sequences while providing a learning objective that is more consistent with the original dataset. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SpanDrop on a set of carefully designed toy tasks, as well as various natural language processing tasks that require reasoning over long sequences to arrive at the correct answer, and show that it helps models improve performance both when data is scarce and abundant., Comment: Peng Qi and Guangtao Wang contributed equally
- Published
- 2022
42. Neural Generation Meets Real People: Building a Social, Informative Open-Domain Dialogue Agent
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Chi, Ethan A., Paranjape, Ashwin, See, Abigail, Chiam, Caleb, Chang, Trenton, Kenealy, Kathleen, Lim, Swee Kiat, Hardy, Amelia, Rastogi, Chetanya, Li, Haojun, Iyabor, Alexander, He, Yutong, Sowrirajan, Hari, Qi, Peng, Sadagopan, Kaushik Ram, Phu, Nguyet Minh, Soylu, Dilara, Tang, Jillian, Narayan, Avanika, Campagna, Giovanni, and Manning, Christopher D.
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
We present Chirpy Cardinal, an open-domain social chatbot. Aiming to be both informative and conversational, our bot chats with users in an authentic, emotionally intelligent way. By integrating controlled neural generation with scaffolded, hand-written dialogue, we let both the user and bot take turns driving the conversation, producing an engaging and socially fluent experience. Deployed in the fourth iteration of the Alexa Prize Socialbot Grand Challenge, Chirpy Cardinal handled thousands of conversations per day, placing second out of nine bots with an average user rating of 3.58/5., Comment: SIGDIAL '22
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- 2022
43. High-throughput metabolomics identifies new biomarkers for cervical cancer
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Xue Li, Liyi Zhang, Xuan Huang, Qi Peng, Shoutao Zhang, Jiangming Tang, Jing Wang, Dingqing Gui, and Fanxin Zeng
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Cervical cancer ,Metabolites ,Trimethylamine N-oxide ,Prognosis ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Cervical cancer (CC) is a danger to women’s health, especially in many developing countries. Metabolomics can make the connection between genotypes and phenotypes. It provides a wide spectrum profile of biological processes under pathological or physiological conditions. Method In this study, we conducted plasma metabolomics of healthy volunteers and CC patients and integratively analyzed them with public CC tissue transcriptomics from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Result Here, we screened out a panel of 5 metabolites to precisely distinguish CC patients from healthy volunteers. Furthermore, we utilized multi-omics approaches to explore patients with stage I-IIA1 and IIA2-IV4 CC and comprehensively analyzed the dysregulation of genes and metabolites in CC progression. We identified that plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were associated with tumor size and regarded as a risk factor for CC. Moreover, we demonstrated that TMAO could promote HeLa cell proliferation in vitro. In this study, we delineated metabolic profiling in healthy volunteers and CC patients and revealed that TMAO was a potential biomarker to discriminate between I-IIA1 and IIA2-IV patients to indicate CC deterioration. Conclusion Our study identified a diagnostic model consisting of five metabolites in plasma that can effectively distinguish CC from healthy volunteers. Furthermore, we proposed that TMAO was associated with CC progression and might serve as a potential non-invasive biomarker to predict CC substage. Impact These findings provided evidence of the important role of metabolic molecules in the progression of cervical cancer disease, as well as their ability as potential biomarkers.
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- 2024
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44. Optimizing the performance appraisal system of coal enterprises in the context of'dual carbon'
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QI Peng and SUN Xiaoru
- Subjects
"dual carbon ,coal enterprise ,key performance indicator(kpi) ,analytic hierarchy process(ahp) ,performance evaluation indicator ,Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction ,TA703-712 ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,TN1-997 - Abstract
Performance appraisal is an important means to assess employees' work performance. It serves to enhance the production competence of frontline employees through feedback in order to promote green and low-carbon development of coal enterprises. The current performance appraisal system of coal enterprises is still limited as it is mostly result-oriented, overlooking assessment on environmental protection, individual skills and learning capabilities. In this light, this study adopts the key performance indicators(KPI)method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)in optimizing the present indicators in the performance appraisal system to highlight the "dual carbon" objective. Specifically, this study proposes environmental indicators as part of the new performance appraisal system, and suggests detailed measures to ensure its implementation.
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- 2024
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45. Erlec1 controls bone metabolism by affecting osteoblast type I collagen synthesis
- Author
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Chunbao Rao, Wenbo Cui, Zitian Lin, Yaozhong Zhang, Wei Lai, Qi Peng, and Xiaomei Lu
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Erlec1 gene has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of bone development. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed that loss of Erlec1 leads to growth retardation in mice. Erlec1−/− mice exhibited increased proliferation, delayed differentiation and mineralization in osteoblasts accompanied by decreased production of collagen I. Our data demonstrated that Erlec1 regulates bone formation through modulating proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by affecting the synthesis of collagen I, suggesting that Erlec1 may serve as a potent target for bone metabolism diseases.
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- 2024
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46. SH3RF2 contributes to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by promoting RBPMS degradation
- Author
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Ting-Ting Gong, Fang-Hua Liu, Qian Xiao, Yi-Zi Li, Yi-Fan Wei, He-Li Xu, Fan Cao, Ming-Li Sun, Feng-Li Jiang, Tao Tao, Qi-Peng Ma, Xue Qin, Yang Song, Song Gao, Lang Wu, Yu-Hong Zhao, Dong-Hui Huang, and Qi-Jun Wu
- Subjects
Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Platinum-based chemotherapy remains one of the major choices for treatment of ovarian cancer (OC). However, primary or acquired drug resistance severely impairs their efficiency, thereby causing chemotherapy failure and poor prognosis. SH3 domain containing ring finger 2 (SH3RF2) has been linked to the development of cancer. Here we find higher levels of SH3RF2 in the tumor tissues from cisplatin-resistant OC patients when compared to those from cisplatin-sensitive patients. Similarly, cisplatin-resistant OC cells also express higher levels of SH3RF2 than normal OC cells. Through in vitro and in vivo loss-of-function experiments, SH3RF2 is identified as a driver of cisplatin resistance, as evidenced by increases in cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis and DNA damage and decreases in cell proliferation induced by SH3RF2 depletion. Mechanistically, SH3RF2 can directly bind to the RNA-binding protein mRNA processing factor (RBPMS). RBPMS has been reported as an inhibitor of cisplatin resistance in OC. As a E3 ligase, SH3RF2 promotes the K48-linked ubiquitination of RBPMS to increase its proteasomal degradation and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transactivation. Impairments in RBPMS function reverse the inhibitory effect of SH3RF2 depletion on cisplatin resistance. Collectively, the SH3RF2-RBPMS-AP-1 axis is an important regulator in cisplatin resistance and inhibition of SH3RF2 may be a potential target in preventing cisplatin resistance.
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- 2024
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47. SERS immunoassay analysis of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus based on sandwich-structured complex probe and target-induced strand displacement
- Author
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Chen, Jiawei, Zeng, Yan, Zhang, Dun, Qi, Peng, Liu, Xuguang, Song, Ruiguo, and Wang, Peng
- Published
- 2024
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48. Impaired arginine/ornithine metabolism drives severe HFMD by promoting cytokine storm
- Author
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Yaozhong Zhang, Qingqing Yang, Qi Peng, Zhihua Tian, Fen Lv, Xiaomei Zeng, Zaixue Jiang, Qingqiu Cheng, Lijun Yang, Baimao Zhong, Xiaomei Lu, and Yinghua Zhu
- Subjects
severe HFMD ,ornithine ,cytokine storm ,EV71 ,macrophage ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
IntroductionThe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), caused by enterovirus 71 infection, is a global public health emergency. Severe HFMD poses a significant threat to the life and well-being of children. Numerous studies have indicated that the occurrence of severe HFMD is associated with cytokine storm. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying cytokine storm development remains elusive, and there are currently no safe and effective treatments available for severe HFMD in children.MethodsIn this study, we established a mouse model of severe HFMD to investigate the molecular mechanisms driving cytokine storm. We specifically analyzed metabolic disturbances, focusing on arginine/ornithine metabolism, and assessed the potential therapeutic effects of spermine, an ornithine metabolite.ResultsOur results identified disturbances in arginine/ornithine metabolism as a pivotal factor driving cytokine storm onset in severe HFMD cases. Additionally, we discovered that spermine effectively mitigated the inflammatory injury phenotype observed in mice with severe HFMD.DiscussionIn conclusion, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying severe HFMD from a metabolic perspective while offering a promising new strategy for its safe and effective treatment.
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- 2024
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49. Continuous quality improvement project to reduce the downtime of medical linear accelerators: A case study at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
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Qi-Peng Lu, Yong Wu, Xiao-Dong Mao, Hua-Jun Wan, Jian Shao, Qi-Kai Yu, Wei Zhang, Yue Zhao, and Ci-Yong Wang
- Subjects
Medical linear accelerators ,Quality control circle ,Risk weight ,Mean time to repair ,Mean time between failure ,Medical equipment management ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Objective: To analyse and continually improve existing issues in the quality improvement process of medical linear accelerators (LINACs) and enhance the quality control management of LINACs. Methods: Data were collected from eight LINACs (sourced from three manufacturers) at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital using Excel diaries between January 2019 and December 2020. The data description and analysis were performed using the analytic hierarchy process, SPSSAU and Excel software, and mean-time-to-repair (MTTR)/mean-time-between-failure (MTBF) metrics. Continuous quality improvement was executed using the quality control circle (QCC) quality management method. Results: After quality improvement, the risk frequency of ‘LINAC down’ events decreased by 43.63% and downtime was reduced by 40.45%. The weight of downtime risk improved by 73.69%. The MTTR recovery value increased by 31.90%, and MTBF reliability increased by 2.97 h. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed quality improvement measures could effectively decrease the frequency and duration of downtimes, consequently extending the normal operational time of LINACs. Conclusion: Transitioning from instant repair to preventative maintenance can enhance the operational efficiency of equipment and yield economic benefits for hospitals. The QCC method and the event risk evaluation model are effective in reducing the downtime of LINACs and improving their quality control management.
- Published
- 2024
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50. DRAG: Dynamic Region-Aware GCN for Privacy-Leaking Image Detection
- Author
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Yang, Guang, Cao, Juan, Sheng, Qiang, Qi, Peng, Li, Xirong, and Li, Jintao
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
The daily practice of sharing images on social media raises a severe issue about privacy leakage. To address the issue, privacy-leaking image detection is studied recently, with the goal to automatically identify images that may leak privacy. Recent advance on this task benefits from focusing on crucial objects via pretrained object detectors and modeling their correlation. However, these methods have two limitations: 1) they neglect other important elements like scenes, textures, and objects beyond the capacity of pretrained object detectors; 2) the correlation among objects is fixed, but a fixed correlation is not appropriate for all the images. To overcome the limitations, we propose the Dynamic Region-Aware Graph Convolutional Network (DRAG) that dynamically finds out crucial regions including objects and other important elements, and models their correlation adaptively for each input image. To find out crucial regions, we cluster spatially-correlated feature channels into several region-aware feature maps. Further, we dynamically model the correlation with the self-attention mechanism and explore the interaction among the regions with a graph convolutional network. The DRAG achieved an accuracy of 87% on the largest dataset for privacy-leaking image detection, which is 10 percentage points higher than the state of the art. The further case study demonstrates that it found out crucial regions containing not only objects but other important elements like textures., Comment: Accepted to AAAI-22, 9 pages
- Published
- 2022
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