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Aim: To evaluate the micro-shear bond strength (µ-SBS) of resin-modified glass ionomer cement and to assess the chemical and topographical changes in the zirconia fitting surface induced by acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy., Materials and Methods: Thirty-two samples were prepared from two zirconia materials, UPCERA HT White and BruxZir ® Solid Zirconia, milled by a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system. From each zirconia sample, six plates were prepared for FTIR and SEM testing. Following sintering, the samples were divided into control and test groups for each material. The APF gel (1.23%) was applied to the intaglio surface of each test group. To measure the µ-SBS between the zirconia materials and luting cement, 20 rectangular samples of zirconia material were prepared. Ten samples were obtained from Upcera and ten from Bruxzir, with five assigned to the control and five to APF groups., Statistical Analysis: For the µ-SBS test, independent samples t test was conducted to determine the level of significance between the tested groups., Results: FTIR spectroscopy revealed new bands for Upcera and Bruxzir zirconia owing to ion exchange between the formed sodium phosphate and the zirconia surface and the formation of zirconium phosphate by an ester reaction. SEM assessment identified lines, scratches, or surface dissociation that appeared on the intaglio-zirconia surface after conditioning. The µ-SBS test, as indicated by the independent samples t test, showed a significant increase in bond strength of 1.266 and 1.566 MPa for Upcera and Bruxzir zirconia, respectively., Conclusion: This study offers new practical, cost-effective, and accurate tests to enhance the µ-SBS of luting cement to yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramics., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.)

Introduction: Streptococcusmutans and lactobacilli are most important bacteria in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Cariogenic microflora has been associated to the primary caregiver transmission and sugary diets., (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Aim: In this study, the effects of depression on oral hygiene, gingival health conditions, and some salivary components (total protein, magnesium, and calcium) were explored., Materials and Methods: A total of 207 dental students aged 20-21 years (third grade) in a College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, were examined. They were distributed into four groups (normal, mild depression, moderate depression, and severe and very severe depression) according to the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression Scoring. Oral examinations include oral hygiene (dental plaque and calculus) and gingival health status; samples were collected from 90 participants to serve as a sub-sample of the total sample and classified as follows: normal (22), mild depression (24), moderate depression (22), and moderately severe and severe depression (22) groups. Then, saliva samples were analyzed to determine the total protein, magnesium, and calcium. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 was used to analyze the data., Results: The mean value of oral hygiene and gingival indices increased significantly with increasing severity of depression. For salivary calcium and magnesium, their values decreased with increasing severity of depression, whereas total protein values increased. Salivary calcium and magnesium were negatively correlated with oral hygiene and the gingival indices, and the highest correlations of total proteins with plaque index, calculus index, and gingival index were positive., Conclusions: Depressive feelings were observed in dental students. In reality, depression has a close link with oral hygiene and gingival health status, and normal constituents of saliva could be affected., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.)

This study used a simple solution evaporation approach to make a bioinorganic titanium dioxide (Bi-TiO 2 ) photocatalyst for dye contaminant degradation. A variety of techniques, including X -ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X -ray analysis (EDAX), and differential reflectance spectroscopy, had been employed to classify the structural and optical properties of the prepared bioinorganic photocatalyst (UV-DRS). Using simulated solar irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of the produced Bi-TiO 2 nanoparticles was examined by detecting the degradation of a solution of methylene blue (MB) as a model dye molecule. The developed Bi-TiO 2 photocatalyst demonstrates superior photocatalytic action than commercially available powder TiO 2 , according to photo-degradation experiments. E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains were employed to assess the antibacterial activity of Bi-TiO 2 nanoparticles. The most active molecules that gain antibacterial activity were examined in isolated or extracted components from the tulsi plant. The chosen compounds were docked with thymidylate kinase (TMPK), a potential therapeutic goal for the preparation of novel antibacterial drugs with the PDB ID of 4QGG. Five compounds, namely rosmarinic acid, vicenin-2, orientin, vitexin, and isoorientin, out of the 27 chosen compounds, showed a higher docking score and may aid in boosting antibacterial activity. The synthesized Bi-TiO 2 nanoparticles produced antibacterial activity that was effective against Gram-positive bacteria. The nanomaterials that have been synthesized have a lot of potential in wastewater treatment and biomedical management technologies., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi et al.)

Aims: This study searched the effects of fluoridated toothpaste on the enamel surface of deciduous molars eroded by different pediatric liquid medicaments which were encircled by orthodontic bands by gravimetric analysis method., Materials and Methods: A suitable orthodontic band was used to band each of the 110 non-carious exfoliated deciduous molars, and stored in artificial saliva. These teeth were divided randomly into fluoridated and non-fluoridated groups (50 teeth each), and 10 teeth were used as negative controls. The enamel surface of the fluoridated group was swabbed with fluoridated toothpaste for 5 minutes twice daily. Each group was subdivided into five clusters of 10 teeth each according to the type of medication used which included paracetamol, Adol, amoxicillin, Medazole (ME), and Viton (VI) according to a specific immersion cycle. The erosion induced in the enamel for all the teeth was evaluated by gravimetric analysis for different intervals., Results: The results showed that the weight loss increased with increasing exposure to liquid medication for all groups, but this increase was smaller in the fluoridated group. The highest mean weight loss after 28 days was in VI, and the lowest was in ME (0.145 [0.005] mg; 0.08 [0.008] mg), respectively., Conclusion: The fluoridated toothpaste significantly reduced medically eroded enamel by oral medical syrups. The gravimetric method is valid for the detection of erosion on banded deciduous molars., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Orthodontic Science.)

Objectives: To investigate the presence of toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes (TORCH) infections in women attending at the antenatal care clinic in Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: A total of 190 blood samples were collected from Abha maternity hospital in Aseer region, KSA, from February 2018 to May 2019 and screened with the TORCH panel (toxoplasmagondii [IgG/IgM], cytomegalovirus [CMV] [IgG/IgM], rubella [IgG/IgM], and herpes simplex type 1 and 2 [IgG/IgM])., Results: The mean age was 31.42±6.514 years and gestational age was 32.48±6.168 weeks. Serum IgG was positive for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) (27.4%), herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) (94.7%), herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) (0.5%), CMV (100%), and rubella (88.9%). Serum IgM was positive only for CMV (9.5%). Though, there was an association between abortions from previous pregnancies (26.5%), intrauterine death (5.8%), premature labor (3.2%), microcephaly (1.6%), other congenital diseases (1.6%) and low birth weight (0.5%) with current IgG positivity for TORCH infections, the results were not statistically significant., Conclusion: Seropositivity for IgG antibodies correlate with TORCH-associated pregnancy complications in Abha, KSA; however, IgM positive CMV pregnant cases warrant further systematic investigation to understand the implications of CMV on outcomes during pregnancy.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the dental caries experience among dental students with different levels of dental environment stress in relation to salivary nitric oxide (NO) and flow rate of whole unstimulated saliva., Materials and Methods: The study involved 300 dental students. They were classified into three categories (mild stress, moderate stress, and severe stress) according to dental environment stress questionnaire (DESQ); clinical examination for dental caries was carried out. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from the mild and severe stress groups for measuring the salivary flow rate. Estimation of salivary NO was carried out by using salivary NO test strips. All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 21.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois)., Results: Dental caries experience was higher among severe and moderate stress groups with nonsignificant differences ( P > 0.05). Mean value of salivary flow rate was lower among severe stress group with nonsignificant differences ( P > 0.05). NO was significantly higher among severe stress group ( P < 0.05). Flow rate was weak negatively correlated with caries experience among both mild and severe stress groups except for the decay surface (DS), which was weak positive among mild stress group. NO was weak negatively correlated with DS among both mild and severe stress groups. All these correlations were statistically not significant ( P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Dental environment stress appears to affect oral health, shown by higher dental caries among dental students with severe dental environment stress by affecting the normal level of salivary flow rate and NO., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.)