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Abstract In response to the ongoing quest for more efficient renewable energy sources, this research addresses a significant gap in understanding the performance variations of Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP) models, particularly focusing on the influence of flow parameters in full and half-inclined collector sections featuring semi-elliptical curvature. The motivation stems from the need to optimize SCPP designs for enhanced energy generation while minimizing resource utilization and environmental impact. This research focuses on investigating flow parameter variations in Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP) models with full and half-inclined collector sections featuring semi-elliptical curvature and variable semi-minor heights (b: 0.01–0.03 m). The six models, including divergent chimneys (4 m), collector diameter (2.6 m), and 0.04 m collector inlet height at a 10° positive inclination, were categorized into Full Inclined Semi Elliptical Solar Chimney Power Plants (FSCPP-1,2,3) and Half Inclined Semi Elliptical Solar Chimney Power Plant (HSCPP-1,2,3). Initially, ANSYS-FLUENT were utilized for computational approximation. The models with greater maximum flow parameter magnitudes were selected for experimentation. FSCPP-1 and HSCPP-1 demonstrated superior performance, achieving higher maximum velocities (4.31 m/s, 4.49 m/s) under a temperature rise of 35 K and 36 K. Experimental results aligned well with computational data. Validation with a straight tower inclined collector solar chimney (SSCPP) and existing literatures concluded that the semi-elliptical profile in the half-inclined collector model (HSCPP-1) enhances overall system performance. In addition, a comparison between computational and experimental approaches revealed an error approximation of up to 5%. FSCPP-1 outperformed its subgroup with velocity and temperature enhancements up to 5% and 2%, while HSCPP-1 surpassed its group with 4% and 1% enhancement. Validation with SSCPP highlighted the maximum velocity enhancements of up to 42% in FSCPP and 44% in HSCPP models. In higher flow parameter magnitude models, HSCPP-1 outperformed FSCPP-1 with a 4% enhancement in maximum velocity and up to 2% in temperature magnitude, emphasizing the positive influence of curvature heights (0.01–0.03 m) progressing towards minimal positive percentage enhancements.

The convective heat transfer is one of the most important mechanism of heat transference for controlling the chaotic characteristics in porous media. A comparative study of thermal non-equilibrium model is proposed for fractal porous under the consideration of chaotic convection. A novel chaos control is focused between fractal porous and fractional porous by means of newly proposed differential and integral techniques. The sensitivity analysis for chaos expansion and uncertainty quantification for the flow in heterogeneous media have been perceived to the problem of chaotic convection through numerical simulations. In order to approximate the propagation of chaos, two types of simulations have been carried out in terms of chaotic attractors through fractal and fractional approaches. For examining a variety of chaos under the numerical simulations in which fractal domain is varied and fractional domain is fixed, fractal domain is fixed and fractional domain is varied, and both fractal as well as fractional domain are varied. Finally, it is observed that the fractional and fractal memory effects have caused by interactions between uncertain parameters and disclosed the microstructures on the permeability of porous media.

Abstract A novel two-parameter continuous model titled the entropy-transformed Weibull (ET-W) distribution has been developed via the entropy transformation. A new framework has been investigated and found to meet the criteria of the probability function. By significantly improving the functional shape and having the ability to model the most likely form of the hazard rate function, this novel modification has increased the adaptability of typical model. Some of its core characteristics, such as its statistical and computational features, are simply and clearly presented. To examine the ultimate performance of maximum likelihood estimators during the process of estimating model parameters, a comprehensive simulation analysis has been conducted. The effectiveness of the suggested distribution is illustrated through the modeling of real datasets.

Abstract The main objective of the current endeavor is to monitor hypothetical processes utilizing a Sisko tri-hybrid fluid over a rotating disk with entropy generation suspended in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. Electro Magneto Hydro Dynamics (EMHD), non-linear thermal radiation and exponential and thermal- space dependent heat source/sink coefficients are considered with the intent of conceiving an Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method with shooting procedures integrated with a combination of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Reptile Search Algorithm (RSA). Then, ANFIS-RSA, is used to predict the Nusselt number, skin friction co-efficient in radial and tangential velocities. Reliable self-similarity variables have reduced a non-linear partial differential set of equations into an ordinary differential equation. According to the empirical evidence, Sisko fluid parameter rises the radial velocity whereas for magnetic field and Darcy-Forchheimer the azimuthal and axial velocities visualizations decreasing trend, respectively. The entropy generation and Bejan number rises for electric and radiation effects. Also, ANFIS-RSA indicates that the model attained a high level of precision in terms of radial velocity (98.13%), tangential velocity (98.18%) and Nusselt number (98.91%). Thus, the longer rendering of the nanoparticles used here might, makes them potentially helpful for regulating the therapeutic impact in the management and treatment of cancer.

The Troposkein wind turbine (TWT) is analyzed and developed from its inception. Classic aerofoils are investigated for wind turbines because of their low sensitivity to Reynolds Number. This study aims to determine the most efficient design for a TWT by adjusting the blade profile, number of blades, and aerofoils. Three comprehensive investigations have demonstrated that aerofoils based on the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)-633108 have a higher energy extraction capacity compared to other surfaces. In addition to these enhancements, the “Hybrid Concept” utilizes piezo-electric patches and solar panels to enhance the generation of electricity from TWT. The TWT model requires the use of substantial hybrid energy extraction procedures for energy results with an average power of 2 kW. The hybrid energy extraction functions are structurally facilitated by the combination of S-glass fibre composite and GY-70-based carbon fibre composite. Therefore, the utilization of hybrid energy extraction renders TWT a highly effective energy harvester.

Numerical and response surface (RS) analysis of the thermal performance of prismatic battery-operated cell is performed cooled by the forced flow of air considering conjugate condition at the cell-fluid interface. At the battery-air interface, where the heat flow continuity and temperature condition exist, the combined heat transfer condition is examined. Control volume-based code is developed where the Navier-stokes equation is solved by SIMPLE algorithm. The numerical work is endorsed by the experimental work specified in the literature. The effects of ζcc (conduction–convection parameter – 0.06 to 0.1), Ar (Aspect ratio 10 to 30), volumetric heat generation (S‾q – 0.1 to 1.0), and Re (Reynolds number – 250 to 2000) are investigated. The effect of the parameters mentioned above on temperature distribution (TeDi) along the axial direction (AD) in the battery cell (BC) and transverse TeDi in the fluid channel is investigated. The variations in temperature gradient and maximum temperature (MT) difference for different S‾q, ζcc, Re, and Ar are illustrated. The RS methodology is employed to analyze the MT of the battery. The MT difference obtained with increasing S‾q and Re is quite significant. The MT difference obtained with an increase in ζcc and Re is much less and the same is negligible with Ar. Re below 500 and ζcc below 0.06 will cause a greater increase in MT, which acts as lower limits. Similarly, Re above 1250 and ζcc above 0.08 do not help in the reduction of MT. For S‾q = 0.7 and above, the temperature crosses its maximum permissible limit of the battery cell. The RS model developed gives an accuracy of 97 %, close to the numerical values. The RS analysis of MT indicates that S‾q is the most influential parameter.

The widespread implementation of a latent heat storage system (LHSS) presents a viable solution to the energy imbalance and shortages. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are key components owing to their remarkable energy storage capabilities. However, the low heat conductivity of phase change materials presents a considerable challenge to their practical use. This study presents the modelling and numerical simulation of a latent heat storage system (LHSS) using blossom-shaped fins (BSF) and nano-integrated phase change material (PCM). The study evaluates the efficacy of the tube heat exchanger by examining multiple physical characteristics, including the number of fins, height, and the interaction between fin pin and height, using ANSYS Fluent and the finite volume approach. The findings indicate that the charging time is reduced by 17% based on modifications in fin compactness and quantity. Additionally, the nano-integrated PCM significantly reduces the amount of time required for melting. The findings demonstrate in comparison to the conventional PCM with nano-mediated PCM, the melting time of nano-integrated PCM is shortened by 18.6%,13.6%,14.7%,12.7% and 16.3% for Case A-1, Case A-4, Case B-1, Case C-2, and Case D-1, incorporating blossom-shaped fins. The findings can have an impact on future studies aimed at improving PCMs energy storage capabilities and creating more efficient heat exchanger designs.

Symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals play a significant role in the transmission dynamics of novel Coronaviruses. By considering the dynamical behaviour of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, this study examines the temporal dynamics and optimal control of Coronavirus disease propagation using an epidemiological model. Biologically and mathematically, the well-posed epidemic problem is examined, as well as the threshold quantity with parameter sensitivity. Model parameters are quantified and their relative impact on the disease is evaluated. Additionally, the steady states are investigated to determine the model's stability and bifurcation. Using the dynamics and parameters sensitivity, we then introduce optimal control strategies for the elimination of the disease. Using real disease data, numerical simulations and model validation are performed to support theoretical findings and show the effects of control strategies.

This paper investigates how ester-based nanofluids flow between two parallel disks when subjected to micropolar effects. Compared to traditional Newtonian fluids, micropolar fluids which exhibit spin inertia and micro-rotation provide a more thorough knowledge of the behaviour of complicated fluids. The ester-based nanofluid, selected due to its exceptional thermal characteristics and favourable environmental effects, is examined with different micropolar parameters to evaluate their impact on heat transfer rates and flow dynamics. Initially, we created a mathematical model to explain the fluid dynamics of ester-based micropolar nanofluids between two parallel disks using the Navier-Stokes equations. The suggested mathematical problem is converted into a non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) using the similarity transformation technique. We then solved the governing equations numerically using MATLAB's built-in BVP4c method. Through numerical simulations, we explored the velocity distribution, micro-rotation profiles and temperature profiles within the disk system. The results reveal that micropolar effects significantly enhance the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluid, leading to improved heat transfer efficiency and altered flow patterns. Nanoparticles in porous disk flow increase velocity and micro-rotation profiles, resulting in a more streamlined flow. Nanoparticle volume fraction also increases temperature, reducing thermal boundary layer thickness and enhancing convective heat transfer.

Heat pipes are passive devices crucial for thermal management in various applications. However, conventional water-based fluids can limit their heat transfer capacity, especially in cold environments where freeze protection is necessary. This study investigates the potential of MgO-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluids to enhance heat transfer performance in cylindrical mesh heat pipes while addressing these limitations. The research demonstrates significant improvements in thermal performance compared to a water-ethylene glycol mixture. The MgO-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid reduces thermal resistance by enhancing surface wettability in the evaporator section. Additionally, the formation of a nanofluid coating on the evaporator surface leads to a higher heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, RSM successfully models the relationship between nanoparticle concentration, power input, and key thermal responses (thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient). These findings highlight the effectiveness of MgO-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluids for augmenting heat transfer in heat pipes and provide valuable RSM models for predicting thermal behavior within the investigated range.

Understanding the complex interplay between the contracting behavior of the cylinder and the fluid flow dynamics has implications for the design of porous structures for heat exchange and filtration systems. In this study, we investigate the dynamics and thermal behavior of fluid flow past a contracting permeable infinite cylinder. First, we developed a mathematical model based on the Navier–Stokes equations to describe the fluid dynamics around the contracting permeable infinite cylinder. A new simple well-behaved definition of fractional derivative called conformal fractional derivative introduced by authors Khalil et al., (2014) is employed to generalize the PDE’s of momentum and energy. The similarity transformation technique is utilized to transform the proposed mathematical problem into a non-linear ODE’s. Then, we utilized IPS technique to numerically solve the governing equations and obtain detailed insights into the flow patterns and thermal characteristics. We observed significant changes in the flow velocity and temperature distribution as the cylinder contracted, highlighting the intricate thermal behavior of the system. Additionally, the changes in the fraction order was found to have a notable impact on the overall flow patterns and heat transfer processes.

This study investigated the performance, combustion, and emissions of a modified low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine fueled with a blend of 90 % coconut waste cooking oil (CWCO) biodiesel and 10 % diethyl ether (DEE). The engine combustion chamber components were coated with 300 μm lanthanum-doped partially stabilized zirconia for thermal insulation. Engine testing was performed at varied loads from 0 to 100 % using an eddy current dynamometer. Exhaust emissions, including hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke were measured. Compared to conventional diesel, the CWCO-DEE blend showed a 3 % higher brake thermal efficiency of 33.4 % and 2.42 % lower brake-specific fuel consumption at full load. HC, CO, and smoke emissions decreased by 18 % (39 ppm), 11 %, and 19 % at higher loads with the blend. However, NOx emissions increased slightly by 21.2 %. The DEE compensated for CWCO's lower cetane number and viscosity, while the LHR coating enhanced combustion by providing thermal insulation, raising exhaust gas temperatures by 13 %. The improved efficiency and reduced emissions demonstrate the potential of optimized biodiesel-additive blends in conjunction with LHR engine modifications to sustainably utilize inexpensive waste cooking oil feedstocks as renewable diesel replacements. However, further optimization of blend compositions, additives, and coatings is needed to balance performance benefits against possible NOx increases. This study highlights a promising combined approach leveraging engine design and fuel advancements.

Abstract Heat and mass transfer rate by using nanofluids is a fundamental aspect of numerous industrial processes. Its importance extends to energy efficiency, product quality, safety, and environmental responsibility, making it a key consideration for industries seeking to improve their operations, reduce costs, and meet regulatory requirements. So, the principal objective of this research is to analyze the heat and mass transfer rate for three-dimensional magneto hydrodynamic nanoliquid movement with thermal radiation and chemical reaction over the dual stretchable surface in the existence of an inclined magnetization, and viscous dissipation. The flow is rotating with constant angular speed $${\upomega }^{*}$$ ω ∗ about the axis of rotation because such flows occur in the chemical processing industry and the governing equations of motion, energy, and concentration are changed to ODEs by transformation. The complex and highly nonlinear nature of these equations makes them impractical to solve analytically so tackled numerically at MATLAB. The obtained numerical results are validated with literature and presented through graphs and tables. Increasing the Eckert number from $$5\le Ec\le 10,$$ 5 ≤ E c ≤ 10 , a higher Nusselt and Sherwood number was noted for the hybrid nanofluid. By changing the angle of inclination $$\alpha$$ α , the $${Nu}_{x}$$ Nu x performance is noted at 8% for nanofluid and 33% for hybrid nanofluid. At the same time, $${Sh}_{x}$$ Sh x performance of 0.5% and 2.0% are observed respectively. Additionally, as the angle of inclination increases the skin friction decreases and the chemical reaction rate increases the mass transmission rate.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of magneto hydrodynamic Powell–Eyring fluid on double-diffusive phenomena, with a specific focus on employing the Cattaneo–Christov model. The purpose is to enhance the study's scope by incorporating a heat sink and chemical reactions, thereby analyzing the intricate interplay between heat transfer and chemical processes within the MHD fluid system. To achieve this aim, the study utilizes similarity variables to convert PDEs into ODEs. The primary objective is to gain insights into mass and heat transmission dynamics, placing a particular emphasis on understanding the influence of chemical reactions in the system. For numerical solutions during the analysis, MATLAB's BVP4C solver and the shooting technique are employed. The research further aims to explore various physical constraints, including the fluid Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient. By doing so, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of how the MHD fluid system responds to different conditions. The notable outcomes, presented through graphical representations and tables, include a discernible decrease in fluid velocity with a higher magnetic field parameter and an observable increase in fluid temperature with greater heat source constraints. In summary, this exploration subsidizes significantly to our considerate of complex fluid behavior and holds practical applicability in various scientific and engineering contexts. The novel and physical insights from the study offer valuable understanding into the impact of magneto hydrodynamic Powell–Eyring fluid, particularly concerning double-diffusive phenomena and the intricate interplay between heat transfer and chemical processes.

This study investigates the complex interplay between radiation and magneto-flow on a porous, perpendicular plate immersed in a viscoelastic Maxwell fluid. The significance lies in understanding how the Lorentz force shapes dynamics and energy transfer in such systems, which is crucial for various industrial applications. Utilizing a comprehensive model that accounts for heat generation and absorption, we transform partial differential equations into ordinary ones through flow similarity analysis, providing valuable insights into the system's behavior. Employing the bvp4c solver in MATLAB, we evaluate velocity and energy profiles in Maxwell fluid flow. Graphical representations allow for a thorough examination of the influence of thermophysical parameters. Our findings reveal an intensified velocity profile attributed to prolonged material relaxation times.Furthermore, temperature profiles progressively increase with higher radiation and porous parameters. These results hold significant implications for industrial applications, particularly in Maxwell fluids' heat transport studies. Insights from this research can inform the design and optimization of systems such as ovens, boilers, cross-flow heat exchangers, and solar panels, enhancing efficiency and performance. Overall, this study contributes novel insights that advance understanding beyond previous efforts in the literature, paving the way for further exploration in this field. The primary finding of this study indicates that as the Rayleigh number increases, the velocity profile experiences an increase, whereas the temperature profile shows a decrease.

This study investigates the dynamic behavior of natural ester-based ferrous oxide (Fe3O4) nanofluid flow around an unsteady contracting cylinder under the influence of a magnetic field, heat generation, and homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. The governing equations for the flow, heat transfer, and chemical reactions are solved numerically using appropriate mathematical models. The bvp4c built-in MATLAB package is applied to address the complexity of the problem. The effects of magnetic field, heat generation, and reactive chemistry on the flow field, temperature distribution, and species concentration profiles are analysed comprehensively. As part of the validation process, we validate the reliability of our findings by comparing them to established benchmarks. Motivated by the increasing interest in environmentally friendly and sustainable fluid mediums, natural esters are chosen as the base fluid due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, and excellent insulating properties. This research aims to provide valuable insights into optimizing processes involving nanofluid flow in magnetohydrodynamic systems with reactive heat generation, utilizing natural esters as a promising alternative to conventional fluids. Insights gained from this study offer potential applications in various engineering and industrial contexts, contributing to the advancement of eco-friendly technologies.

This study examines the effects of magnetic-field-dependent (MFD) viscosity on the boundary layer flow of a non-Newtonian sodium alginate-based Fe3O4 nanofluid over an impermeable stretching surface. The non-Newtonian Casson and homogeneous nanofluid models are utilized to derive the governing flow and heat transfer equations. Applying Lie group transformations to dimensional partial differential equations yields nondimensional ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically solved using the spectral quasi-linearization technique. The analysis primarily focuses on the impacts of the MFD viscosity parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction of Fe3O4, and magnetic parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The local skin friction and heat transfer rate behaviors influenced by viscosity changes due to the magnetic field are discussed. It is found that MFD viscosity significantly impacts flow and thermal energies, enhancing skin friction coefficients and reducing Nusselt numbers in the boundary layer region.

As in the case of enhancing the performance of high-temperature superconductors, the dynamics of colloidal mixes of water and copper-based nanoparticles exposed to an inclined magnetic field owing to free convection is a recognized issue. However, nothing is known about the dynamics mentioned above when the radius and inter-particle spacing of copper nanoparticles grow in the presence of Joule dissipation, mass flux owing to a temperature gradient, internal heating, and heat flux due to concentration gradient. When the ratio of momentum to thermal diffusivities is incorporated into the momentum equation using appropriate models, the governing equation (i.e. Partial Differential Equations) that models the transport mentioned above was scaled, solved numerically, and simulated with a focus on the nanoparticle radius and the spacing between copper nanoparticles. The resultant non-linear coupled Ordinary Differential Equation was solved using the MATLAB integrated (i.e. bvp4c software package) and the shooting approach (i.e. fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration strategy shrk4). Just because of the resulting improvement in the temperature distribution, increasing the ratio of momentum to thermal diffusivities leads to a more pronounced local skin friction within the layers adjacent to the wall and heat transfer. Because buoyancy forces are exclusively associated with the growth of concentration difference, they cause the distance covered by the transport phenomenon in terms of the spatial domain to decrease. Higher ratios of momentum to thermal diffusivities cause the full-fledged sheer stress profile, which is proportional to friction across fluid layers, to rise.

Abstract A steady, incompressible, two-dimensional Sisko-nanofluid flow towards the horizontal direction with no movement in the vertical direction is considered on a stretching/shrinking surface. The power law component (Sisko model) is incorporated under the regime of the porous medium. A magnetic impact is included coming from the MHD in the surface normal direction. In addition, thermal radiation, Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis are involved in the governing system of equations obtained from the Navier–Stokes model in two-dimensional flow systems. The PDEs are converted into the one-dimensional system using suitable transformations and solved by Galerkin weighted residual method validated with the spectral collocation method. The optimization analysis is performed on heat transfer and skin-friction factors using response surface methodology. The impact of the parameters involved in the model has been testified and is provided in graphical forms. The outcomes indicate that for the values of the porosity factor fluctuating between [0, 2.5], the velocity profile and corresponding boundary layer thickness are lesser towards the maximum value of the parameter, and the results are opposite as the parameter approaches zero. The optimization and sensitivity analysis shows that the transport of heat sensitivity towards thermal radiation, Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis declined whenever the Nt and Nb increased from low to high and at the medium level of thermal radiation. An increment in the Forchheimer parameter increases the sensitivity of the rate of friction factor, whereas increasing the Sisk-fluid parameter has the reverse effect. Elongation processes like those of pseudopods and bubbles make use of such models. The idea is also widely used in other sectors, such as the textile industry, glass fiber production, cooling baths, paper manufacture, and many more.

This study aimed to computationally examine the effect of the average diameter of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the hydrothermal properties of a square cavity. A conventional square cavity filled with MWCNT–water was used for the experiment. The left and right walls of the cavity are maintained as hot and cold respectively, whereas the top and bottom walls were assumed to be adiabatic. Mathematical models were developed using the Navier–Stokes equations by applying the thermophysical properties of the MWCNT–water nanofluid. A newly proposed correlation between the effective thermal conductivity and the diameter of carbon nanotube was utilized to analyze the impact of the average diameter on the natural convection of nanofluid inside the cavity. The governing equations were non-dimensionalized using suitable variables and then solved using the Galerkin finite element technique. The combined effects of the Rayleigh number (103

In this study, we investigate the influence of quartic auto catalysis with equal diffusivity in the flow past a rotating cylinder. The flow-thermal fields are modeled using partial differential equations (PDEs), assuming a homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction. The resulting flow-thermal equations are appropriately ordered and solved using the BVP4c function in MATLAB. Our analysis focuses on examining the effects of varying the Reynolds number, magnetic field, radiation, and homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration of the bulk fluid. Through extensive simulations, we find that the concentration, temperature, and velocity of the homogeneous bulk fluid are predominantly determined by the Reynolds number. We observe that higher Reynolds numbers lead to increased mixing and enhanced fluid motion, resulting in higher concentrations and temperatures. Moreover, the strength parameters associated with the homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction significantly favor the auto catalysis reaction at the surface of the rotating cylinder, indicating a self-catalytic process. To validate our findings, we compare our results with earlier studies that investigated reduced cases. Remarkably, our obtained results exhibit excellent agreement with these prior studies, further bolstering the reliability and accuracy of our research.

Objectives: Entropy generation is investigated by considering the consequence of Magnetic field in H2O − C2H6O2 (50:50) mixture based Al2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The 2D magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective boundary layer fluid flow characteristics are assumed to be independent of time at every point. The boundary conditions are mathematically formulated with the slip conditions (velocity and thermal). Significant outcomes: The investigation discloses that the F′(η) (tangential and swirl) drops for the increasing effects of the M. Fe3O4 shows a rise in velocity compared to Al2O3. In case of Magnetic parameter Fe3O4 shows 0.71% and 0.89% of Cf and Nu respectively compared to Al2O3. For changed estimation of the Brinkman number, both the Entropy generation and Bejan number shows opposite behavior. To verify the exactness of the numerical method, a comparison is made between the obtained outcomes and previously published results, corresponding to the skin friction and Nusselt number and the results are reliable. Practical implications: This work is developed to multiply the rate of energy transference and increasing the execution as well as effectiveness of energy delivering in industrial field. This model considers the effect of magnetic field, since it helps in achieving energy circulation in numerous devices like refrigerators and in other heating applications. Especially using the magnetized nanofluid helps in improved energy transmission in biomedical imaging. Additionally, the entropy generation model is verified using the thermodynamics second law.

Esters that are considered natural come from renewable sources like vegetable or animal oils or other bio-based materials. Due to natural esters' great biodegradability, lack of toxicity, and high flash point, their use in industrial applications has been expanding quickly in recent years. The current study, thus numerically investigates an unsteady laminar flow and heat transfer of biodegradable nanofluids past over a shrinking cylinder of time dependent radius. Natural Ester (NE) is used as the base fluids, and two nanoparticles such as Fe3O4 (ferrous oxide) and Al2O3 (aluminium oxide) are used to create different combinations of nanofluids. The unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are used to model it, and similarity solutions are introduced to solve the problem. A MATLAB built-in package BVP4c has been employed to tackle the problem. The physical behavior of the solution has been explored in terms of parametric analysis and graphical demonstration and the validation of present solutions is reported by the comparative benchmark with already available results in a limiting sense. Our findings demonstrate that Fe3O4 biodegradable nanofluids are capable of carrying and dispersing thermal energy more effectively, resulting in improved heat transfer rates compared to Al2O3 biodegradable nanofluids.

The main motive of the instigated mathematical model is to observe the impact of Hall current on the hybrid nanofluid flow over a disk that is rotating. The copper and silver metal nanoparticles have been considered with volume fraction φ1=φ2=0.01(0.01)0.04 and are suspended in water to form the hybrid nanofluid. Diverse characteristics like magnetic field, thermal radiation, and (ESHS) exponential space dependent heat source are incorporated to investigate the nature of the flow. The present mathematical model is initiated with partial derivative equations (PDEs) which are redrafted as ordinary derivative equations (ODEs) with appropriate transformations of similarity. The results are attained through a blend of the Runge-Kutta method, shooting procedure, and the influences of parameters on the flow of nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid are compared and illustrated both as tables and graphs. The present numerical research is unique because by employing a complete quadratic CCD framework using the RSM strategy, the sensitivity and optimization analysis of the heat transmission improvement for the volume fraction, ESHS, and thermal radiation parameters have been performed. The R-squared and adjusted R-Squared are obtained as 100%. The residual graphs and contour diagrams of the same are also shown. The current study establishes that the Hall parameter increases the radial velocity, but it also controls the energy and cross-radial velocity. The rate of heat transmission is increased by thermal radiation even at low levels of ESHS. The rate of heat transmission is more sensitive (0.024670) to the volume fraction of the hybrid nanofluid when ESHS is at an intermediate level. The lowest sensitivity (-1.269967) value towards ESHS is observed For thermal radiation and ESHS parameter values, the heat transmission rate of the mono nanofluid is not as great as that of hybrid nanofluid. The current study finds applications in the generation of hydroelectric power, air cleansing and rotating equipment, healthcare devices, and many other industries.

Abstract The present investigation aims to analyze higher-order endothermic/exothermic chemical reactions with activation energy by considering thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects on MHD mixed convective flow across a vertical stretching surface. The influence of velocity slip, thermal slip, and concentration slip along with an inclined external magnetic field is also considered. The governing coupled non-linear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The resulting system of non-linear ODEs is solved by the Newton Raphson shooting technique using the RK-4 algorithm. The impact of various physical parameters discovered in the problem viz. endothermic/exothermic reaction variable, thermophoresis parameter, activation energy parameter, Brownian motion parameter, chemical reaction parameter have been analyzed on velocity profile, temperature profile, and concentration profile. The effects of these parameters on skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are displayed in tabular form as well as surface plots. The impact of various physical parameters that appeared in the entropy generation is shown using surface and contour plots. The numerical findings are in good agreement with the previously published results. It is observed that an increment in thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters results in a declination of entropy profiles, whereas an increment in Bejan number profiles is observed. A small region near the surface exhibits an inclination in concentration profiles with an increase in the order of the chemical reaction. In contrast, the opposite effect is analyzed near the boundary layer. Also, the contour and surface plots are displayed to portray real-world applications in industrial and technical processes and the physical depiction of flow characteristics that arise in the current study.

A nanofluid flow (TiO2/Ethylene Glycol) over a stretched surface caused by the considerable nonlinear convection is investigated with the nanoparticle aggregation effect in the presence of quadratic thermal radiation. The modified Maxwell model and Bruggeman model are utilized, which depict the nanoparticle aggregation effect. In addition, the system employs two separate variable heat sources i.e., linear heat source and exponential heat source. The similarity transformations are utilized to convert the basic governing PDEs to ODEs. The “bvp4c function” in MATLAB is used to numerically handle the resultant nonlinear system. The impact of the involved parameters is explored on the non-dimensional fields of velocity boundary layer patterns, velocity, streamlines, temperature, and heat transfer rate. Graphs compare and display the control of pertinent parameters on the distinct flow properties. A comparison of the behavior of the solution profiles with and without the influence of nanoparticle aggregation is illustrated. The nanoparticle aggregates significantly enhance the velocity and heat transmission mechanism. Furthermore, the influence of varied heat sources (linear and exponential) aids in growing the thermal boundary layer. Nanofluid flow with nanoparticle aggregation has a 5.36% higher Nusselt number value in comparison to flow without aggregation effect when the volume fraction of nanoparticles is varied from 0 to 0.1. The results of the study will be helpful in the fields where applications of a continuously stretching/shrinking surface are used like in many engineering processes and industries, glass-fiber production, aerodynamic extrusion of plastic sheets, and manufacturing of paper and rubber sheets.

Swirl flow heat exchangers are commonly used in industrial processes such as power generation, chemical processing, and refrigeration. They can be used for both heating and cooling applications and can be designed to handle a wide range of fluid flow rates and temperatures. This study investigated the influence of PST (prescribed surface temperature) and PHF (prescribed heat flux) heating conditions on the swirl flow of Al+Mg+TiO2 ternary hybrid water-ethylene glycol (50/50) based nanofluid with a heated rotating cone. The governing ordinary differential equations were derived from the partial differential equations using the proper similarity transformations. The problem was solved using the Shifted Legendre Collocation Method (SLCM), which is a powerful numerical method. The results showed that the PST heating conditions had a significant impact on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the ternary hybrid nanofluid. Under PHF heating conditions, the swirl velocity distribution was leading to a noteworthy influence. The use of the Al+Mg+TiO2 ternary hybrid water-ethylene glycol based nanofluid resulted in a significant enhancement in the convective heat transfer coefficient. The SLCM method provided accurate and efficient numerical solutions for the problem, demonstrating its suitability for simulating complex fluid flow and heat transfer problems.

The non-linear mixed convective heat and mass transfer features of a non-Newtonian Casson liquid flow over a stretching surface are investigated numerically. The stretching surface is embedded in a Darcian porous medium with heat generation/absorption impacts. The fluid flow is assumed to be driven by both buoyancy and Arrhenius kinetics. The governing equations are modelled with the help of Boussinesq and Rosseland approximations. The similarity solutions of the non-dimensional equations are obtained using two numerical approaches, namely fourth fifth Runge - Kutta Fehlberg method and the shooting approach. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed for important physical parameters through various graphical illustrations. The skin friction, the non-dimensional wall temperature, and the concentration expressions were derived and analysed. The results indicate that the increasing values of linear and nonlinear convection due to temperature, nonlinear convection due to concentration, and heat of reaction increase the dimensionless wall temperature. The dimensionless wall concentration rises with the increasing values of heat of reaction, linear and nonlinear convection due to temperature, and nonlinear convection due to concentration parameters.

Introduction: Nanofluids are considered a better alternative to conventional fluids in many industrial situations and unfolding new opportunities for various applications owing to the optical and thermal properties of additive nanosized materials. Objectives: In this study, the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of a Casson-based (sodium alginate) multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofluid were computationally investigated inside a wavy square enclosure containing a circular-shaped obstacle. The square enclosure comprised two cooled vertical walls and a wavy adiabatic top wall. The central part of the bottom wall comprised a heated wavy structure, and the remaining parts exhibited a flat and adiabatic structure. Methods: The Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations and boundary conditions were established using the non-Newtonian Casson fluid model and Rosseland thermal radiation. The present problem was numerically simulated using the Galerkin finite element method for three types of obstacles, namely, adiabatic, hot, and cold. The impacts of Casson parameter (0.001 ≤ β ≤ 0.1), Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), nanoparticle volume fraction (0.01 ≤ φ ≤ 0.1) and radiation parameter (1 ≤ Rd ≤ 4) are analysed. A numerical code validation was performed using the available benchmark results. Results: The characteristics of the convective radiation heat transport were clearly analyzed through the stream function and isotherm plots. For all types of obstacles, the mean Nusselt number along the heated wavy wall increased with the Casson parameter, MWCNT volume fraction, Rayleigh number, and radiation parameter. Conclusion: The heat and flow characteristics of a Casson-based MWCNT nanofluid inside a wavy square enclosure were investigated. The mean Nusselt number was higher (lower) in the presence of cold (hot) obstacles.

A numerical interpretation is dedicated to analyse the flow and thermal characteristics of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) - sodium alginate (SA) Casson nanofluid in a complex wavy enclosure. The enclosure is designed with an insulated circular barrier under buoyancy effects. Two parallel fins are installed inside the complex enclosure in which one of the fins is assumed as hot and another one as cold. The enclosure is heated/insulated by the bottom/top wall. Forth-mentioned, geometry with nanofluid is mathematically modelled using partial differential equations with appropriate thermal and velocity boundary conditions. A parametric numerical examination is carried out via Galerkin finite element method for the key parameters such as Rayleigh number (105

The momentous objective of this work is to discuss some qualitative properties of solutions such as the estimate of the solutions, the continuous dependence of the solutions on initial conditions and the existence and uniqueness of extremal solutions to a new class of fractional differential equations involving two fractional derivatives in the sense of Caputo fractional derivative with respect to another function Φ. Firstly, using the generalized Laplace transform method, we give an explicit formula of the solutions to the aforementioned linear problem which can be regarded as a novelty item. Secondly, by the implementation of the Φ-fractional Gronwall inequality, we analyze some properties such as estimates and continuous dependence of the solutions on initial conditions. Thirdly, with the help of features of the Mittag-Leffler functions (MLFs), we build a new comparison principle for the corresponding linear equation. This outcome plays a vital role in the forthcoming analysis of this paper especially when we combine it with the monotone iterative technique alongside facet with the method of upper and lower solutions to get the extremal solutions for the analyzed problem. Lastly, we present some examples to support the validity of our main results.

The objective of this study is to analyze entropy generation effects on the flow of blood through a time-variant multi-stenotic artery assuming blood to be non-Newtonian Casson fluid. The nanoparticles (copper and alumina) of different shapes (sphere, cylinder, and blade) are injected into the artery, which combines with blood to form a hybrid nanofluid. In consideration of the magneto-hemodynamic effect, a uniform magnetic field is applied transverse to the blood flow. The viscosity of blood is assumed as temperature dependent; therefore, the Reynolds viscosity model is taken into account for the variable viscosity of blood. The Crank–Nicolson scheme has been applied to the governing equations and boundary conditions of the fluid flow. Important hemodynamic factors like velocity, temperature, and heat transfer coefficient are calculated at a specific critical height of the stenosis. The second law of thermodynamics is used to explore entropy generation, and the effects of the entropy generation number (Ns) and Bejan number (Be) are examined. The current model has been validated through comparison with existing work, and it is demonstrated to be in excellent agreement with the earlier work. It is observed that the temperature profiles enhance with the Casson fluid parameter, whereas there is a declination in heat transfer coefficient profiles. The temperature difference parameter is the most important and has a significant impact on entropy among the three non-dimensional parameters for entropy minimization: magnetic number, Brinkman number, and temperature difference parameter. The suspension of metallic or non-metallic nanoparticles into the bloodstream makes it applicable for utilization in nano-hemodynamics, blood purification systems, nano-pharmacology, and the treatment of hemodynamic ailments.

The focus of the current manuscript is to provide a theoretical and computational analysis of the new nonlinear time-fractional (2+1)-dimensional modified KdV equation involving the Atangana-Baleanu Caputo (ABC) derivative. A systematic and convergent technique known as the Laplace Adomian decomposition method (LADM) is applied to extract a semi-analytical solution for the considered equation. The notion of fixed point theory is used for the derivation of the results related to the existence of at least one and unique solution of the mKdV equation involving under ABC-derivative. The theorems of fixed point theory are also used to derive results regarding to the convergence and Picard's X-stability of the proposed computational method. A proper investigation is conducted through graphical representation of the achieved solution to determine that the ABC operator produces better dynamics of the obtained analytic soliton solution. Finally, 2D and 3D graphs are used to compare the exact solution and approximate solution. Also, a comparison between the exact solution, solution under Caputo-Fabrizio, and solution under the ABC operator of the proposed equation is provided through graphs, which reflect that ABC-operator produces better dynamics of the proposed equation than the Caputo-Fabrizio one.

In this study, we formulated a mathematical model of COVID-19 with the effects of partially and fully vaccinated individuals. Here, the purpose of this study is to solve the model using some numerical methods. It is complex to solve four equations of the SEIR model, so we introduce the Euler and the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method to solve the model. These two methods are efficient and practically well suited for solving initial value problems. Therefore, we formulated a simple nonlinear SEIR model with the incorporation of partially and fully vaccinated parameters. Then, we try to solve our model by transforming our equations into the Euler and Runge–Kutta methods. Here, we not only study the comparison of these two methods, also found out the differences in solutions between the two methods. Furthermore, to make our model more realistic, we considered the capital of Kerala, Trivandrum city for the simulation. We used MATLAB software for simulation purpose. At last, we discuss the numerical comparison between these two methods with real world data.

Advancements in nanotechnology, particularly the use of nanofluids for heat transfer, have been receiving significant attention for improving the efficacy of heat transfer in systems that employ thermal, electronic, medical, and transportation applications. The thermal performance of a two-dimensional, incompressible flow of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)–water nanofluid inside a completely sinusoidal enclosure under cold boundary conditions was examined numerically. The impacts of two vertically embedded parallel elliptical hot obstacles have been discussed with respect to thermal radiation. The consequences of flow and thermal control parameters such as the Rayleigh number (104 ≤ RaE ≤ 106), volume fraction of SWCNTs (1.5% ≤ ς ≤ 5.5%), and radiation parameters (0 ≤ Nr ≤ 2) with elliptical obstacles of different sizes were studied through streamlines, isolines, and local and mean Nusselt number plots. To analyze the radiation impact, Rosseland thermal radiation was incorporated into the energy equation. A modified correlation for the thermal conductivity of the SWCNT and base fluid was considered. The Galerkin finite element method was applied to numerically solve the dimensionless equations with appropriate boundary conditions. The mean Nusselt number increased with the increasing size of the vertical semi-major axes of the elliptical obstacles.

We analyzed the Ree-Eyring fluid flow between two stretchable spinning disk with various stretching rates along with copper–water nanoliquids. An impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion and thermal radiation effect also investigated properly. Appropriate transformations are applied to change highly coupled non-linear system of PDE to coupled ODE associate with convective boundary conditions, which is then attained numerically via utilizing Runge–Kutta-Felberg method with shooting technique. The behavior of significant parameters on the distribution function of temperature, concentration and velocity has been clarified via sketch in detail. Clearly, It is carried out that the Brownian motion parameter Nb elevates by more heat produced via collision of nanoparticles randomly. So field of temperature and boundary layer thickness also enlarged. Lastly, heat transfer rate hikes at upper one as well as decays at lower one along with large amount of Weissenberg number and thermophoresis parameter respectively. The outputs are estimated with previously published work and found to be an excellent conformity.

This paper explores energy and mass transport behavior of unstable separated stagnation point flow of nanofluid over a moving flat surface along with Buongiorno’s model. Characteristic of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis are considered. Additionally, characteristics of chemical reaction is taken into account. A parametric investigation is performed to investigate the outcome of abundant parameters such as temperature, velocity and concentration. An appropriate equation is converting into a set of ODEs through employing appropriate transformation. The governing equations has been solved numerically by using the classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration technique combined with the conventional shooting procedure after adapting it into an initial value problem. Our findings depict that the temperature field θ(ζ) improves for augmenting values of theromophoresis parameter (Nt) with dual solutions of attached flow without inflection and flow with inflection. Also, the difference of Brownian motion parameter (Nb) with two different solutions of attached flow exists with energy profile. It can be found that an energy profile θ(ζ) elevates due to augmenting values of (Nb). It has been perceived that thermal boundary layer thickness elevates due to large amount of Brownian motion parameter (Nb).

Abstract In current investigation, a novel implementation of intelligent numerical computing solver based on multi-layer perceptron (MLP) feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANN) with the Levenberg–Marquard algorithm is provided to interpret heat generation/absorption and radiation phenomenon in unsteady electrically conducting Williamson liquid flow along porous stretching surface. Heat phenomenon is investigated by taking convective boundary condition along with both velocity and thermal slip phenomena. The original nonlinear coupled PDEs representing the fluidic model are transformed to an analogous nonlinear ODEs system via incorporating appropriate transformations. A data set for proposed MLP-ANN is generated for various scenarios of fluidic model by variation of involved pertinent parameters via Galerkin weighted residual method (GWRM). In order to predict the (MLP) values, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) has been developed. There are 10 neurons in hidden layer of feed forward (FF) back propagation (BP) network model. The predictive performance of ANN model has been analyzed by comparing the results obtained from the ANN model using Levenberg-Marquard algorithm as the training algorithm with the target values. When the obtained Mean Square Error (MSE), Coefficient of Determination (R) and error rate values have been analyzed, it has been concluded that the ANN model can predict SFC and NN values with high accuracy. According to the findings of current analysis, ANN approach is accurate, effective and conveniently applicable for simulating the slip flow of Williamson fluid towards the stretching plate with heat generation/absorption. The obtained results showed that ANNs are an ideal tool that can be used to predict Skin Friction Coefficients and Nusselt Number values.

One of the practical methods for examining the stability and dynamical behaviour of non-linear systems is weakly non-linear stability analysis. Time-varying gravitational acceleration and triple-diffusive convection play a significant role in the formation of acceleration, inducing some dynamics in the industry. With an emphasis on the natural Rayleigh–Bernard convection, more is needed on the significance of a modulated gravitational field on the heat and mass transfer due to triple convection focusing on weakly non-linear stability analysis. The Newtonian fluid layers were heated, salted and saturated from below, causing the bottom plate’s temperature and concentration to be greater than the top plate’s. In this study, the acceleration due to gravity was assumed to be time-dependent and comprised of a constant gravity term and a time-dependent gravitational oscillation. More so, the amplitude of the modulated gravitational field was considered infinitesimal. The case in which the fluid layer is infinitely expanded in the x-direction and between two concurrent plates at z=0 and z=d was considered. The asymptotic expansion technique was used to retrieve the solution of the Ginzburg–Landau differential equation (i.e., a system of non-autonomous partial differential equations) using the software MATHEMATICA 12. Decreasing the amplitude of modulation, Lewis number, Rayleigh number and frequency of modulation has no significant effect on the Nusselt number proportional to heat-transfer rates (Nu), Sherwood number proportional to mass transfer of solute 1 (Sh1) and Sherwood number proportional to mass transfer of solute 2 (Sh2) at the initial time. The crucial Rayleigh number rises in value in the presence of a third diffusive component. The third diffusive component is essential in delaying the onset of convection.

Abstract The current research explores incremental effect of thermal radiation on heat transfer improvement corresponds to Darcy–Forchheimer (DF) flow of carbon nanotubes along a stretched rotating surface using RSM. Casson carbon nanotubes’ constructed model in boundary layer flow is being investigated with implications of both single-walled CNTs and multi-walled CNTs. Water and Ethylene glycol are considered a basic fluid. The heat transfer rate is scrutinized via convective condition. Outcomes are observed and evaluated for both SWCNTs and MWCNTs. The Runge–Kutta Fehlberg technique of shooting is utilized to numerically solve transformed nonlinear ordinary differential system. The output parameters of interest are presumed to depend on governing input variables. In addition, sensitivity study is incorporated. It is noted that sensitivity of SFC via SWCNT-Water becomes higher by increasing values of permeability number. Additionaly, sensitivity of SFC via SWCNT-water towards the permeability number is higher than the solid volume fraction for medium and higher permeability levels. It is also noted that sensitivity of SFC (SWCNT-Ethylene-glycol) towards volume fraction is higher for increasing permeability as well as inertia coefficient. Additionally, the sensitivity of LNN towards the Solid volume fraction is higher than the radiation and Biot number for all levels of Biot number. The findings will provide initial direction for future device manufacturing.

Abstract In this paper, we study the oscillation of solutions for an even-order differential equation with middle term, driven by a p-Laplace differential operator of the form { ( r ( x ) Φ p [ z ( κ − 1 ) ( x ) ] ) ′ + a ( x ) Φ p [ f ( z ( κ − 1 ) ( x ) ) ] + ∑ i = 1 j q i ( x ) Φ p [ h ( z ( δ i ( x ) ) ) ] = 0 , j ≥ 1 , r ( x ) > 0 , r ′ ( x ) + a ( x ) ≥ 0 , x ≥ x 0 > 0 . $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} ( r ( x ) \Phi _{p}[z^{ ( \kappa -1 ) } ( x ) ] ) ^{\prime }+a ( x ) \Phi _{p}[f ( z^{ ( \kappa -1 ) } ( x ) ) ]+ \sum_{i=1}^{j}q_{i} ( x ) \Phi _{p}[h ( z ( \delta _{i} ( x ) ) ) ]=0, \\ \quad j\geq 1, r ( x ) >0, r^{\prime } ( x ) +a ( x ) \geq 0, x\geq x_{0}>0. \end{cases}$$ The oscillation criteria for these equations have been obtained. Furthermore, an example is given to illustrate the criteria.

The aim of this study is to analyze the number of deaths due to COVID-19 for Europe and China. For this purpose, we proposed a novel three parametric model named as Exponentiatedtransformation of Gumbel Type-II (ETGT-II) for modeling the two data sets of death cases due to COVID-19. Specific statistical attributes are derived and analyzed along with moments and associated measures, moments generating functions, uncertainty measures, complete/incomplete moments, survival function, quantile function and hazard function, etc. Additionally, model parameters are estimated by utilizing maximum likelihood method and Bayesian paradigm. To examine efficiency of the ETGT-II model a simulation analysis is performed. Finally, using the data sets of death cases of COVID-19 of Europe and China to show adaptability of suggested model. The results reveal that it may fit better than other well-known models.

In this article, some logistic models in the settings of Caputo fractional operators with multi-parametered Mittag-Leffler kernels (ABC) are studied. This study mainly focuses on modified quadratic and cubic logistic models in the presence of a Caputo type fractional derivative. Existence and uniqueness theorems are proved and stability analysis is discussed by perturbing the equilibrium points. Numerical illustrative examples are discussed for the studied models.

In this work, we present a novel numerical algorithm for solving the nonlinear time-fractional foam drainage equation at early stages of the time. The analytical solution of the nonlinear time-fractional foam drainage equation is represented by a linear combination of fractional Bernstein basis polynomials over a time interval [0,T]. Detailed numerical algorithm with several theoretical results are discussed. Several examples are discussed to test the efficiency and accuracy of the present scheme.

The non-Newtonian liquid named Casson towards rigid rotating disk is investigated. The rotatory fluid flow regime has interaction with externally applied magnetic field. The nanoparticles are suspended in the flow field along with first order chemical reaction and velocity slip assumption. The flow narrating partial differential equations are reduced in terms of an ordinary differential equations via Von Karman set of transformations. The reduced system is solved by self-coded algorithm. The impacts of flow controlling parameters which includes the magnetic field parameter, Casson fluid parameter, velocity slip parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Prandtl number, Lewis number, Brownian motion parameter and chemical reaction parameter are examined on Casson fluid velocity, temperature and nanoparticles concentration. It is observed that the rotatory Casson fluid reflects significant decline in a magnetized flow field. The temperature is increasing function of thermophoresis parameter. Further, the results are supported with comparative values with an existing work.

We have observed that the various individual heat transfer findings exist in the literature for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids through the plane and cylindrical surfaces. These efforts contain specific thermophysical observations and one can get facilitated in one frame at a time. Therefore, in the present attempt, we execute a comparative heat transfer study because the unifying of different theories always receive appreciation from the research community. To support the idea, we considered convective magnetized and thermally stratified Jeffrey flow fields over inclined cylindrical and plane surfaces with and without non-linear thermal radiations. Stagnation point flow equations are constructed for cylindrical/plane surfaces in the presence of heat generation and heat absorption effects. The shooting method is used to solve reduced ordinary differential equations. We come to conclude that the Jeffrey fluid flow over a cylindrical surface subject to magnetic field parameter is large in magnitude in comparison with a plane surface. The strength of the temperature regime and heat transfer rate are also enriched for the cylindrical surface. Collectively, we come to know as a remark that thermophysical flow field aspects are enriched for magnetized stratified convective flow towards the cylindrical surface as compared to a plane surface.

Natural gas processing, as one of the major energy sources, has become a focal point in boosting the energy value chain by processing high commercial value products such as natural gas liquids (NGL) and electricity generation. Natural gas processing has also amplified its usefulness to human well-being and global prosperity in different ways. However, the spate of gas flaring is a global phenomenon, despite advances in waste gas management technology. This research describes a unique integrated plant that recovers NGL and produces electricity via waste gas for the energy conversion process. Exergetic analysis has been offered to identify the causes of irreversibilities in the plant. Simulation models were built using the AspenOne HYSYS V10 and Aspen Plus V10 software to conceptualize the plant. The recovery of 60 kBD NGL and 2.55 kg mol/s of 97% lean methane gas (95% purity) as the residue was achieved from 320 MMSCFD of waste gas processing. The residue methane gas is combusted in a combustion chamber to recover hot gas in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) for steam generation and production of 646 MW of electricity. Analysis revealed that the heat exchangers collectively accounted for about 78% exergy destruction in the NGL recovery plant, while the 3 and 1.54%, respectively, of exergy is destroyed and lost in the demethanizer. The steam power plant showed similar irreversibilities with the boiler exchanger accounting for up to 88% exergy destruction. About 1.4% of exergy is lost as flue gas to the environment. At optimization, overall exergy efficiency reached 77.5 and 80.6% in the NGL recovery and steam power plant, respectively. Thus, this integrated plant model has not only demonstrated a marked improvement to similar models but is also a lucrative alternative to waste flare gas management. It is also proven to be a “flare-capture” alternative model for fossil fuels-related emission reduction and optimization tool for waste gas to energy.

In current work, waste tires recycling using pyrolysis was performed inside a rotary bed reactor without oxygen-producing oil, black carbon, and synthetic gas. In that respect, CFD analysis was applied using ANSYS software to design the reactor and test its material resistance to the temperature rise. Thermal and mechanical stresses were evaluated to find an acceptable reactor design. Pyrolysis of tires to oil was performed at a temperature of 420 °C. Tire and diesel oils blends of 5, 10, and 20% volume percentages were prepared for experimentation. Tire oil blends properties were close to crude diesel. Characteristics of combustion, performance and emissions of diesel engines that used tire oil blends were investigated compared to crude diesel. The thermal efficiency maximum decrease of TO20 was 21% in comparison to pure diesel. The maximum increases in CO, smoke, and HC emissions of TO20 were 35, 20, and 25% compared to diesel fuel, respectively. The highest decline in NOx emission of TO20 was 19% related to crude diesel fuel. Oil blends achieved the higher peak cylinder pressures about diesel fuel. In conclusion, lower volume percentages of up to 20% of tire and diesel oil blends are recommended to be used without any engine modifications.