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INTRODUCTION The underlying factors of oral squamous cell cancers (OSCC) have been elucidated, but studies have focused little on etiological differences in affected oral cavity sites. The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the role of carcinogen exposure in OSCC of different oral cavity areas. METHODS A cross-sectional study of patients with primary OSCC was conducted retrospectively, based on patient records from Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, between January 2016 and December 2020. The patients' self-reported history of tobacco smoking and alcohol use was explained by tumor site, age, sex, tumor size, and lymph node status in a logistic regression model. The information on smoking and alcohol use was compiled from a patient background form. RESULTS In 519 patients, tumors occurred most often in the tongue (51%), gingiva (21%), or floor of the mouth (FOM; 15%). FOM had 26-fold greater odds for a history of smoking and alcohol use than other tumor sites (OR=25.78; 95% CI: 8.02-82.95; p<0.001). Gingival and buccal sites were associated significantly less with smoking and alcohol use (OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.67; p<0.001 and OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.25-0.92; p<0.026, respectively). Patients of older age were less likely to have a history of smoking and alcohol use (AOR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.94-0.97; p<0.001) than younger patients. Tumor size (T3-4) and FOM increased the odds for history of smoking and alcohol use (AOR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.15-2.60; p=0.009 and AOR=26.15; 95% CI: 8.01-84.84; p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS OSCC of oral cavity sites has notable differences in etiology. FOM seems to be related almost exclusively to conventional smoking and heavy alcohol use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A role for incisional biopsy in preoperative prognostication is increasingly being advocated in oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCC). Biopsies at two locations were compared, and prognostic factors in biopsies and their corresponding resections were evaluated. A total of 138 OTSCC biopsy slides from Finland and Saudi Arabia were compared for size (horizontal and vertical) and invasive front. The Finnish cases were assessed for tumor stroma ratio (TSR) and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using light microscopy and digital image analysis assessment and compared. Furthermore, TSR, TILs, and previously analyzed budding and depth of invasion (BD) score in biopsies were compared with their evaluation in the corresponding resections. Fifty‐nine percent of Finnish and 42% of Saudi Arabian biopsies were ≥ 5 mm deep, while 98% of Saudi Arabian and 76% of Finnish biopsies were ≥ 5 mm wide. Assessment of invasion front was possible in 72% of Finnish in comparison with 40% of Saudi Arabian biopsies. There was 86.8% agreement between TSR and 75% agreement between TIL evaluation using light microscopy and digital assessment. Significant agreement was obtained on comparing the TSR (p = 0.04) and BD (p < 0.001) values in biopsies and resections. Biopsies of ≥ 5 mm depth from representative OTSCC areas are essential for prognostic information. Clinical pathologists are advised to assess BD score and TSR for prognostic features in such biopsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ameloblastoma is the most clinically significant odontogenic tumor. There has been no previous comprehensive report from Saudi Arabia about the presentation and prevalence of the tumor. This study aimed to describe the cases of ameloblastoma seen in a biopsy service of a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia over a 32 year period. The records and archival material of the patients seen during this period were examined and evaluated with emphasis on age and gender distribution and the location of the tumor. Classification of the variants was based on that outlined by the World health Organization (WHO). Seventy six cases were available for this study. Most cases of ameloblastoma were seen during the second and third decades and found to be more common in males in this study (M:F ratio of 2:1). The most common location of the tumor on the jaws was the mandible (92% of cases), particularly on posterior mandible. The most common variant was the solid/multicystic type (65%), followed by the unicystic variant (33%). Peripheral and desmoplastic ameloblastoma were very rare. Apart from high number of unicystic ameloblastoma, the general presentation of ameloblastoma in this Saudi Arabian institution is similar to those reported in various parts of the world in terms of demographic and clinical features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Oral diseases have a variable epidemiology from region to region. There is paucity of reports on the range of diagnoses regarding soft tissue biopsies in pediatric patients in Saudi Arabia. AIM: The study aimed to determine the frequency of histologically diagnosed lesions in softtissue biopsy specimens of patients between the ages of 0-18 years in a Saudi Arabian teaching hospital over a 30 year period. METHODOLOGY: The histopathology diagnoses records with complete demographic data of pediatric patients whose soft tissue biopsies were diagnosed in the Histopathology laboratory of College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia between 1984 and 2013 were retrieved and reviewed, alongside their histopathology slides. The lesions were then classified into 8 broad categories. RESULTS: A total of 280 pediatric soft tissue biopsies diagnosed during this period had complete records. The male to female ratio was 0.74 and mean age was 12 years. Reactive lesions were most commonly seen (51.1%) followed by salivary gland lesions (26.4%). The most common specific lesions were pyogenic granuloma, mucous extravasation cysts and fibroma. The sites most commonly affected were gingiva, lips, buccal mucosa and tongue. CONCLUSION: Oral soft tissue lesions in Saudi children were predominantly reactive and benignin nature and the frequencies of observed lesions are not significantly different from those from studies from other parts of the world despite relative cultural and environmental influences that would be expected to play a role in the prevalence of specific lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]