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In this paper the design of 8-channel Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) chaotic system is presented at frequencies ranging from 193.0 TIIz to 193.7 Thz. The chaotic signals are generated by. using semiconductor laser and mathematically modeled by laser rate equation. The Gain flattening! filter (OFF) is used with Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in DWDM communication model for long distance transmission. The optimization of Gain| flattening filter is done in chaotic environment to achieve the flattened gain profile of EDFA. The synchronization of chaos at transmitter and receiver is| achieved to recover the received signal. Thus, our scheme combines two advantages i.e. efficient bandwidth utilization and security at the same time inj DWDM communication model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper comparison of efficient binary modulation formats like Chirped-NRZ, Chirped-RZ, RZ-50%, Duobinary and AMI is carried out for GPON networks. Their performance is evaluated in terms of bit rates versus fiber link length. Chirped-NRZ comes out to be optimal modulation format for high speed and long reach optical communication. Quality of the received signal is analyzed by considering parameters like Q-factor and BER. Three different data rates i.e. 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps are selected to evaluate the performance of optical communication system whereas optical fiber length is varied from 40 km to 140 km. Simulations are performed on licensed version of Optisystem v.14. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notwithstanding credible advances in cardiovascular health progress contributed by scientific studies during the preceding few decades, cardiovascular disease (CVD) relics a large number of deaths in developing as well as developed countries. Out of total of 161 articles screened. 87 articles were excluded based on the preliminary scrutiny of abstract and titles and the study was restricted to remaining 74 articles to capture the most relevant literature. The risk factors of cardio vascular diseases have been recognized as modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable cardio-vascular risk factors involve tobacco usage, hypertension, elevated blood glucose, dyslipidemia, overweight, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), unhealthy diet, alcohol intake, lack of physical activity. The non modifiable cardio vascular risks are age, sex, family history and racial locale. A public awareness of risk factors contributing cardio vascular disorders is imperative for health of individuals and suggested to investigate time and again during life. Risk factors identified in this research are sufficient markers of changes in heart health during aging process. In future, risk factors of cardio vascular diseases should be included in secondary classes' syllabi for the early awareness and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in new generation. Public awareness should be enhanced through print and electronic media. Annual, work place surveys are required to be conducted for early identification of cardio vascular disorders in workers of government and private institutions/sectors, an effort that should be done on the part of employers to retain healthy and high quality employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High levels of waste produced by slaughterhouses are harmful to the environment and are a possible source of numerous pathogens dissemination. There is no effective system so far to control the effluent discharge from the slaughtering processing. Daily energy demands rise, but energy sources, particularly fossil fuels, are becoming more and more depleted. Offering alternative energy sources like biogas is one way to solve these issues. The productivity of the industrial sector can be boosted through effective management, which also minimizes environmental issues. The purpose of this study is to generate biomethane using animal blood as a substrate exposed to different pretreatments (NaOH/Sonication, NaOH/Heat, Only Sonication, H2O2/ Sonication and blank substrate). Biomethane production was carried out by Anaerobic Digestion in a lab scale digester. Anaerobic digestion can convert organic materials of animal blood into biogas. Results elucidated that NaOH/Sonication pretreatment was the most efficient and showed the highest percentage of methane production (86%) followed by other pretreatments i.e., NaOH/Heat (85%), Only Sonication (83%), H2O2/ Sonication (82%) and blank substrate (76%). Chen and Hashimoto model of kinetics was found to be the most feasible model of kinetics for the current study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cataract is generally caused due to physical aging, but in some cases, there are chances that it may develop in early ages (Pre-senile cataract). Pre-senile cataract is believed not to be primary in nature and some underlying ocular/systemic/environmental factor is causing the lens opacification at an early age. This study aim was to determine frequency and risk factors of pre-senile cataract in our population Methods: this observational study at Outdoor Patient - Eye in Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi (BBH), for the period from December 2017 to June 2018. Cataract was diagnosed on slit lamp examination. Detail history, Ocular and systemic examination was done for all pre-senile cataract cases. Laboratory/radiological investigations were performed when and where required. Using the Excel spreadsheet, Statistical analysis of descriptive data was carried out. Results: A total of 11448 patients were examined, whereby cataract was found in 849 (7.41%) patients. Out of these 849, 165 (19.43%) cases were pre-senile cataract. Pre-senile cataract was most seen in age group 30-49 86 (52.13%) and among women 93 (56.36%). The identified causes were idiopathic 55 (33.3%), diabetes 45(27.3%) and Steroids and other drugs related 33 (20.0%). posterior sub-capsular cataract is 60(36.36%) was most identified type in the study among pre-senile cataract.

Porous silicon samples were prepared by electrochemical etching method for different etching times. The structural properties of porous silicon (PS) samples were determined from the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements. The surface mean root square roughness (σ rms) changes as function of porosity were studied, and the influence of etching time on porosity and roughness was studied too. UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer with integrating sphere accessory used to measure the specular reflectance (Rspec) and scattered light (Dsca) for all samples. Changes of scattered light intensity with σ rms were studied. Theoretical and measured values were compared and they were almost the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mirage effect is contactless and non destructive method which has been used a lot to determine thermal properties of different kind of samples, transverse photothermal deflection PTD in skimming configuration with ccd camera and special programs is used to determine thermal conductivity of porous silicon ps film. Ps samples were prepared by electrochemical etching. Thermal conductivity with porosity changing was measured and the experiments result compared with theoretical results, and they were almost the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural development in bridge engineering along with efficiency have got much attention in few decades. Leading to the development, Optimization of structure established on mathematical analysis emerged mostly employed strategies for productive and sustainable design in the bridge engineering. Despite the widespread knowledge, there has yet to be a rigorous examination of recent structural optimization exploration development. Thus, the primary objectives of this paper are to critically review previous structural optimization research, provide a detailed examination of optimization goals and outline recent research field limitations and provide guidelines for future research proposal in the field of bridge engineering structural optimization. This article begins by outlining the relevance of efficiency and sustainability in the bridge construction, as well as the work done required for this review. Suitable papers are gathered and followed by a statistical analysis of the selected publications. Following that, the selected papers are evaluated in terms of the optimization targets as well as their spatial patterns. Structure's optimization four key steps, including modeling, optimization techniques, formulation of optimization concerns and computational tools, are also researched and examined in depth. Finally, research gaps in contemporary works are identified, as well as suggested guidance for future works.

The temporal characteristics of the output of a single-clad Ho3+, Pr3+-co-doped ZBLAN fibre laser pumped by a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm has been found to exhibit a range of cw, self pulsation and self Q-switching output dynamics, dependent on the excitation and fibre conditions. An interpretation is considered based on stimulated Brillouin scattering and the effect of the excited state absorption (ESA). For long fibre (∼13 m) and for uni-directional pumping, the output was a continuous wave (cw), but for bi-directional pumping, a significant decrease in the stability of the output is observed and the output displayed well developed self pulsations. A train of self Q-switched pulses with mean pulse duration of 767 ns, a peak pulse power of about 2.8 W and an average power of 183 mW and with more than 80% pulse-to-pulse stability has been observed when pumped with 4.4 W into each end of the fibre. Self pulsation phenomena are also observed in unidirectional pumping for shorter fibre lengths of ∼9.2 m at high pump power and for 1.5 m fibre length at all pumps power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lantanilic acid, camaric acid and oleanolic acid possessing nematicidal activity were isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Lantana camara Linn. through bio-assay guided fractionation. These compounds exhibited 98%, 95% and 70% mortality respectively against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita at 0.5% concentration. Conventional nematicide furadan showed 100% mortality at this concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computerization in management information systems has thickly segregated employment and unemployment which are being discussed due to technological implementation at operational and strategic levels. In this article, we have evaluated the criticism and internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) challenges caused due to the espousal of computer-based information systems (CBIS) by the companies. Based on existing measures, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed and distributed to 120 employees of the companies having the adoption plan of CBIS. The hypothesized model of CBIS implementation intention disclosure and human factor was tested with correlation and regression analysis of the data received from 108 employees (90% response rate). Results show a positive relationship between technological trends and motivation of computer literate employees. We have established our study in the context of human capital management which is a sociobehavioral notion for meeting the internal CSR. Theoretical implications of this study have been progressively discussed simultaneously with the limitations therein. Our research has practical implications for corporate managers, human resource managers, and management information systems managers in manufacturing industries.

Express delivery is the growing industry that provides the means to facilitate people across the world by shipping goods and documents from one place to another. The profitability of sole companies is based on price, quality, reliability, and services. However, the impact of corporate value capture strategies on the overall sustainability of the value creation process is rarely discussed in the existing literature. This review article is aimed to develop a model to relate the effectiveness and efficiency of managerial processes with the quality of service delivery, employment, and customer retention. Extensive literature review establishes that Advancement in E-commerce Infrastructure strengthens the relationship of good management and customer retention. The present article further explains the mediation of automation in supply chain management in our model. This article has a theoretical contribution to the extant literature on e-commerce and supply chain management along with practical implication for taking care of contemporary techniques to automate the processes for success in Private Express Enterprise business, particularly for the managers, responsible for corporate performance.

Background :To evaluate the efficacy of monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections (1.25 mg/.05 ml) in improving or stabilizing visual acuity measured by Snellen’s visual acuity charts for diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This was a prospective Quasi experimental study of 59 diabetic patients having diabetic retinopathy with indication of intravitreal anti VEGF,Bevacizumab. Patients diagnosed of having fresh vitreous haemorrhage and diabetic macular edema were included. Maximum three intravitreal bevacizumab injections were given, each with a dose of 1.25mg in 0.05ml(at 0month, 1 month, 2 months) with final follow up at the period of 3 months. The criteria for improvement was a gain of at least one line on Snellen’s visual acuity chart, compared to the baseline while stabilization was considered if the visual acuity was unchanged relative to the baseline. Results: A total of 59 patients, 25 (49.1%) males and 34 (50.84%) females , having age range 40-65 years,were given intravitreal injection. Twenty six eyes (44.06%) with diabetic macular edema showed improvement while visual acuity was stabilized in 4 eyes (6.7%). In patient with vitreous hemorrhage, 27 eyes (45.76%) showed improvement while stabilization of visual acuity was noted in 2 eyes (3.3%). No patient with worsening of visual acuity was noted. Conclusion: Intravitreal Bevacizumab is very effective in improving the visual outcome in diabetic patients having macular edema and vitreous hemorrhage

Highlights from the article: QAM modulation provides a better transmission performance because QAM constellation points are considerably more scattered in comparison to PSK constellation points. After decision polarization, QAM modulation is applied on the signal which is fed back to the transmitter. QAM sequence generator feeds the input into the M-ary pulse generator, which transforms the QAM signal into pulses. Binary signals are first converted into M-ary signals along with quadrature modulation then they are added to achieve desired M-ary QAM signal.

Background: To categorize the refractive errors of of school children into Myopia, Hypermetropia, Astigmatism and Anisometropia and to determine the rate of Amblyopia in these refractive errors for a more generalized use. Methods: In this cross stectional study visual acuity of eyes of the school children was checked . Those having visual acuity (VA) less than 6/6 in any eye were refracted and the glasses tried. Children unable to read 6/9 or above on Snellens test chart , or having a difference of two or more lines between the two eyes in spite of using prescribed glasses were scheduled for detailed ophthalmic examination to look for the cause of poor vision. Results: A total of 74133 children aging 5-14 years including males and females in equal proportions and comparable ages from 1383 schools were screened by using Snellens chart. 2523 (3.4%) children were found to be subnormal in their vision and 2504(3.378% of total study population) out of them were declared having refractive errors after complete ocular examination.1850 (2.5%) were myopic, 654 (0.88%) hypermetropics and 140 (0.189%) were amblyopics. Of the 140 cases of amblyopia in our study, the cause was anisometropia in 85(60.7%) cases, ametropia in 29 (20.7%) and mixed astigmatism in 26(18/5%) cases.Of the 1850 myopic, 1345(72.7%) were

Background: Limited data exist on the risk profile and prognosis of young patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study sheds light on the burden of cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in this population., Methods: The Houston Methodist Young ACS-PCI registry is a retrospective analysis of young adults (18 to 50 years) undergoing PCI for ACS between 2010 and 2022. Outcomes of interest were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke) at one year., Results: Among 629 patients (median age, 46 years, 23.5% women, and 65.3% White adults), 69.2% had Non-ST-Segment Elevation MI. A total of 22.7% had prior MI, 26.2% prior PCI, and 9.2% had prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The prevalence of active smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes was 69.4%, 82.2%, 80.4%, and 39.6%, respectively. Age-adjusted diabetes rates increased over time, while dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity rates remained unchanged. The femoral artery was the most common arterial access (85.2%), 72.7% had one vessel disease, 44.3% had the left anterior descending artery as the culprit vessel, and 78.5% of patients received one stent. At a median of 3.8 years, all-cause mortality was 28 deaths per 1000 person-years. At one year, 11.4% experienced MACE; racial and ethnic minority (Black, Hispanic, and Others), dialysis, prior MI, and stent diameter were independent predictors of MACE., Conclusions: The study highlights a notable burden of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes in young adults with ACS undergoing PCI, underscoring the need for strategies to enhance risk assessment and guide interventions among young adults., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Malaria remains a global health issue, especially in resource-limited regions. Artemisinin, a key antimalarial compound from Artemisia annua, is crucial for treatment, but low natural yields hinder large-scale production. In this study, we employed advanced transgenic technology to co-overexpress six key biosynthetic enzymes-Isopentenyl Diphosphate Isomerase (IDI), Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (FPS), Amorpha 4,11-diene Synthase (ADS), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP71AV1), cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (AACPR) and artemisinic aldehyde D11 reductase (DBR2)-in A. annua to significantly enhance artemisinin production. Our innovative approach utilized a co-expression strategy to optimize the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway, leading to a remarkable up to 200 % increase in artemisinin content in T1 transgenic plants compared to non-transgenic controls. The stability and efficacy of this transformation were confirmed in subsequent generations (T2), achieving a potential 232 % increase in artemisinin levels. Additionally, we optimized transgene expression to maintain plant growth and development, and performed untargeted metabolite analysis using GC-MS, which revealed significant changes in metabolite composition among T2 lines, indicating effective diversion of farnesyl diphosphate into the artemisinin pathway. This metabolic engineering breakthrough offers a promising and scalable solution for enhancing artemisinin production, representing a major advancement in the field of plant biotechnology and a potential strategy for more cost-effective malaria treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The prognostic significance of intraprocedural pulsed-wave Doppler analysis of pulmonary venous flow (PVF) during mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) remains understudied. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of systolic dominant-PVF (SD-PVF) morphology post-TEER., Methods: In a retrospective analysis from December 2019 to December 2022, patients undergoing mitral TEER were categorized into SD-PVF and systolic blunting (SB)-PVF groups based on post-TEER morphology. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization at 1 year. We investigated the association of PVF morphology post-TEER with the primary endpoint at 1 year using Cox regression and compared the prognostic accuracy of PVF variables through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis., Results: Among 187 patients (mean age 76.4 ± 10.5 years, 51.3% primary etiology), residual mitral regurgitation (MR) ≤mild was observed in 147 (82.4%) patients and 105 (56.2%) had SD-PVF post-TEER. Patients with SD-PVF had a lower incidence of >2+ residual MR after clip deployment, at 30 days (2.1% vs. 13.1%; p = 0.005) and at 1 year (1.4% vs. 9%; p = 0.08). SD-PVF post-TEER was independently associated with the primary endpoint (HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.39-0.87; p = 0.009). ROC curve analysis of the prognostic accuracy of SD-PVF demonstrated an AUC of 0.64 (95% CI = 0.54-0.73), comparable to other quantitative measures of PVF., Conclusion: Assessing PVF morphology after clip deployment offers a simple prognostic tool for patients undergoing mitral TEER. Multicenter cohorts will be necessary to further investigate its prognostic value., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: The impact of mitral annular calcification (MAC) on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (MTEER) remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of MTEER among patients with moderate to severe MAC compared to those with mild or no MAC., Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases through March 31st, 2024, comparing clinical outcomes of MTEER among patients with moderate/severe (MAC+) versus no/mild MAC (MAC-). We assessed pooled estimates for procedural success, all-cause mortality, residual mitral regurgitation (MR) ≤ moderate, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV status at one year., Results: Among five studies (2533 patients; mean age 76.4 ± 10.9 years, 39.8 % women), MAC+ patients were predominantly women (55.7 % vs 37.5 %, p < 0.001), older (87.9 ± 11.1 vs. 75.9 ± 9.1 years; mean difference (MD) = 3.99, p = 0.011) and had higher STS scores (7.7 ± 6.7 % vs. 4.9 ± 4.6 %; MD = 1.34, p < 0.001). MAC+ patients had comparable procedural success rates, residual MR < moderate, and NYHA III/IV at 1 year. However, all-cause mortality at 1 year was higher for MAC+ patients (Relative Risk = 1.56, 95 % CI = 1.06-2.29)., Conclusions: MTEER is a safe and feasible option for carefully selected patients with MAC and significant MR, offering durable MR reduction and functional status improvement. Significantly higher one-year mortality associated with MAC despite significant MR reduction suggests an increased risk unrelated to valvular dysfunction and highlights the need for further investigation into identifying patients who benefit the most from MTEER., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Sachin S. Goel reports a relationship with Abbott that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Michael J. Reardon reports a relationship with Abbott that includes: consulting or advisory. Neil Kleiman reports a relationship with Abbott that includes: funding grants. Dr. Reardon discloses consultancy roles with Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott, and W L Gore & Associates. Dr. Atkins is a consultant for W L Gore & Associates. Dr. Kleiman is a local principal investigator for trials sponsored by Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Abbott, and Edwards Lifesciences. Dr. Goel is a consultant for Medtronic, JC Medical, and W L Gore & Associates and is also on the Speakers Bureau for Abbott Structural Heart. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Introduction: We used machine learning to identify novel strategies to target azithromycin to the children with watery diarrhea who are most likely to benefit., Methods: Using data from a randomized trial of azithromycin for watery diarrhea, we developed personalized treatment rules given sets of diagnostic, child, and clinical characteristics, employing a robust ensemble machine learning-based procedure. For each rule, we estimated the proportion treated under the rule and the average benefits of treatment., Results: Among 6,692 children, treatment was recommended on average for approximately one third of children. The risk of diarrhea on day 3 was 10.1% lower (95% CI: 5.4, 14.9) with azithromycin compared to placebo among children recommended for treatment. For day 90 re-hospitalization and death, risk was 2.4% lower (95% CI: 0.6, 4.1) with azithromycin compared to placebo among those recommended for treatment. While pathogen diagnostics were strong determinants of azithromycin effects on diarrhea duration, host characteristics were more relevant for predicting benefits for re-hospitalization or death., Conclusion: The ability of host characteristics to predict which children benefit from azithromycin with respect to the most severe outcomes suggests appropriate targeting of antibiotic treatment among children with watery diarrhea may be possible without access to pathogen diagnostics.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for high surgical risk patients with severe native aortic regurgitation (AR) presents unique challenges. Dedicated devices such as the JenaValve (JenaValve Technology) and J-Valve (JC Medical Inc) show promising results in addressing these challenges., Objectives: This study compares the safety and efficacy of dedicated vs off-label devices among high surgical risk patients with pure native AR., Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through July 11, 2024, for studies on TAVR among patients with pure severe native AR. The primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were device success, residual AR ≥ moderate, valve embolization/migration, pacemaker implantation, reintervention, and all-cause mortality at 1 year. Summary estimates were constructed using a random effects model., Results: A total of 34 studies encompassing 2,162 patients (mean age 75.4 ± 0.2, 42.8% women) were included in the meta-analysis. Patients undergoing TAVR with dedicated devices had a lower all-cause 30-day mortality rate (3% vs 9%; P < 0.01) and higher device success (93% vs 82%; P < 0.01) compared with off-label devices. The risk of AR ≥ moderate (2% vs 5%; P = 0.03), valve embolization/migration (2% vs 8%; P < 0.01), pacemaker implantation (11% vs 20%; P < 0.01), and reintervention (4% vs 10%; P < 0.01) at 30 days and all-cause mortality at 1 year (6% vs 24%; P < 0.01) were lower in the dedicated device group., Conclusions: Dedicated TAVR devices for native AR show superior device success and reduced mortality, residual AR, and reintervention rates compared with off-label devices. These findings support the use of dedicated devices as a safer alternative for high-risk patients., Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures Dr Atkins is a consultant for W. L. Gore & Associates. Dr Reardon is a consultant for Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott, and W. L. Gore & Associates. Dr Kleiman is a local principal investigator for trials sponsored by Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Abbott, and Edwards Lifesciences. Dr Goel is a consultant for Medtronic, JC Medical, Boston Scientific, and W. L. Gore & Associates; and also serves on the Speakers Bureau for Abbott Structural Heart. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Stevioside (5-10%) and rebaudioside-A (2-4%) are well-characterized diterpene glycosides found in leaves of Stevia rebaudiana known to have natural sweetening properties with zero glycaemic index. Stevioside has after-taste bitterness, whereas rebaudioside-A is sweet in taste. The ratio of rebaudioside-A to stevioside needs to be changed in order to increase the effectiveness and palatability of this natural sweetener. Plant-specific miRNAs play a significant role in the regulation of metabolic pathways for the biosynthesis of economically important secondary metabolites. In this study inhibition of miRNA through antisense technology was employed to antagonize the repressive action of miRstv&#95;7 on its target mRNAs involved in the steviol glycosides (SGs) biosynthesis pathway. In transgenic plants expressing anti-miRstv&#95;7, reduced expression level of endogenous miRstv&#95;7 was observed than the non-transformed plants. As a result, enhanced expression of target genes, viz. KO (Kaurene oxidase), KAH (Kaurenoic acid-13-hydroxylase), and UGT76G1 (UDP-glycosyltransferase 76G1) led to a significant increase in the rebaudioside-A to stevioside ratio. Furthermore, metabolome analysis revealed a significant increase in total steviol glycosides content as well as total flavonoids content. Thus, our study can be utilized to generate more palatable varieties of Stevia with improved nutraceutical values including better organoleptic and antioxidant properties., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

The secondary plant metabolites are of enormous importance because of their extensive medicinal, nutraceutical, and industrial applications. In plants, these secondary metabolites are often found in extremely small amounts, therefore, following the discovery of any prospective metabolite, the main constraining element is the ability to generate enough material for use in both industrial and therapeutic settings. In order to satisfy the rising demand for value-added metabolites, researchers prefer to use different molecular approaches for scalable and sustainable production of these phytocompounds. Here, we discuss the emerging regulatory trends in engineering these bioactive-phytocompounds and provide recommendation on successful employment of these state-of-the-art technologies for translation of these academic researches into novel process and products., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)