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Codonopsis canescens Nannf. (CoC) and Codonopsis nervosa Nannf. (CoN) are two traditional Tibetan medicinal herbs (Zangdangshen), which have been widely used in the treatment of various diseases. In this study, their aerial and underground parts were systematically analyzed using database-enabled UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS technology. This technology introduced three adduct ions, [M − H]−, [M + H]+, and [M + NH4]+, to putatively identify a total of 66 compounds. During the putative identification, at least 16 isomers were successfully differentiated, such as isochlorogenic acid A vs. isochlorogenic acid B vs. isochlorogenic acid C. Thereafter, all these identified compounds were further quantified for their contents based on a linear regression method. Their contents were observed to vary from 0.00 to 39,127.03 µg/g. Through multiple comparisons of these quantification results, the study found the following four chemical features: (1) Four sesquiterpenes (especially atractylenolide III) enriched mainly in CoC and rarely in CoN; (2) four quinic acid derivatives were abundant in the aerial part of two species; (3) sixteen flavonoids (particularly diosmetin and chrysoeriol) showed higher content in CoC than in CoN; and (4) lobetyolin was ubiquitously distributed in four parts of both CoC and CoN. Based on these features and the relevant principles, four compounds (lobetyolin, atractylenolide III, diosmetin, and chrysoeriol) are recommended as the quality markers of two Tibetan Codonopsis species. All these findings can facilitate the sustainable development and quality control of the two traditional Tibetan medicinal herbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stems of Rubus idaeus L., a byproduct of the fruit–food industry, are known sources of bioactive compounds. The main objective of this study was to investigate the composition of polyphenolic compounds in R. idaeus stems. Seven cultivated raspberry varieties, thirteen garden samples, including five well-known raspberry varieties, and thirteen wild raspberry samples from different locations in Estonia were analyzed. The HPLC-MS method detected 62 substances, of which 42 were identified, 12 were tentatively identified, and 8 compounds remained unknown. Protocatechuic acid pentoside was dominant in most varieties and in all garden and wild raspberry samples. Dihydroxybenzoic acid hexoside 1, p-coumaroyl quinic acid 1, quercetin 4'-glucuronide, and p-coumaric acid glycoside were found in significant quantities. Correlations among the contents of individual compounds were established. When studying the dynamics of polyphenolic compound accumulation in, for example, the GR1 sample over a year, it was found that, in raspberry stems, the largest amount of them accumulated in April and slightly less in January and October. Investigating the dependence of the accumulation of polyphenols on the parts of the stem, it was found that the upper parts have the highest phenolic contents. Therefore, it is recommended to harvest approximately the upper third of the stem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propolis is a sticky substance produced by bees because of the reaction of beeswax, pollen, and bee enzymes. Particularly, their biological activity and chemical content attract attention. Thus, in this study, the total amount of phenolic and flavonoid substances, Fe3+‐Fe2+, Cu2+ (cupric ions reducing activity [CUPRAC]), and Fe3+‐TPTZ (ferric ions reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) reducing, and DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging assays in vitro antioxidant properties of propolis samples obtained from four different provinces of Türkiye were determined. In addition, the chemical content of propolis samples was quantitatively determined by LC–MS/MS, and the antiglaucoma property was revealed by hCAII enzyme inhibition. Propolis samples from Ordu presented the highest amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid content (492.3 ± 5.8 and 96.1 ± 2.1, respectively) and also highest antioxidant activity (DPPH• and ABTS•+ IC50 [μg/mL]: 8.884 ± 0.84 and 4.589 ± 0.80, respectively; Fe+3, CUPRAC, and FRAP: 1.051 ± 0.012, 1.021 ± 0.008, and 0.957 ± 0.007 μg/mL, respectively). hCAII enzyme inhibition was highest in Muş propolis (IC50 [μg/mL]: 8.6) as determined. By LC–MS/MS, 53 different components were screened and 35 bioactive components were determined. According to the results, propolis was found to be a raw material because it contains high concentrations of acacetin, chrysin, caffeic acid, and quinic acid (123.824, 24.759, 47.779, and 16.32 mg analyte/g extract, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ganoderma species have been studied for their pharmacological approaches, such as anticancer, antitumor, antiproliferative, and antioxidant activity. Elicitors are used to increase Ganoderma bioactive composite production. This study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of ethanolic extracts from mycelium of Ganoderma tuberculosum (G. tuberculosum) grown in a liquid medium with vineyard pruning waste (VPW) extracts as elicitors. Ethanolic and aqueous VPW extracts contain resveratrol dimer 4, resveratrol tetramer 1, and naringenin, while toluene and chloroform extracts contain tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid. Polar and nonpolar extracts could be promising elicitors for increasing bioactive molecules. Catechin gallate showed the highest correlation (r = 0.66) with biomass. Mycelial ethanolic extracts of G. tuberculosum (native strain from the Sonoran Desert) and Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) (control) were analyzed by ESI‐IT‐MS, and 27 molecules were identified for the two species. They showed antiproliferative activity against the A549 and C‐33 A cell lines but not for ARPE‐19. G. tuberculosum culture with VPW had quinic acid, ganodermenonol, ganoderic acid I (GA‐I), C2 (GA‐C2), and 20‐hydroxylucidenic acid P, among others. Molecular docking of ganodermenonol, GA‐I, and GA‐C2 demonstrates significant interaction with tumor necrotic factor (TNF‐α). These ethanolic extracts of Ganoderma are promising sources of bioactive triterpenoids. Their antiproliferative activity did not change between species or treatment. Likewise, the G. tuberculosum and G. lucidum extracts only affected cancer cell lines. This property seems promising for pharmacological applications of these fungal extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elucidating the key genes and metabolites responsible for fruit skin color is essential for the breeding of strawberry varieties with beautiful fruit color. Here, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were used to identify the key genes and metabolites associated with fruit skin color in strawberry accessions of red skin (Kaorino), white skin (2012-W02), and the pink skin (Fenyu NO.1, the F1 hybrid of Kaorino and 2012- W02). The metabolomic data showed that the content of anthocyanin-related metabolites, such as p-Coumaroyl quinic acid, 5-Hydroxyconiferyl alcohol and Coumestrol were significantly higher in red-skinned strawberry line Kaorino than in the white-skinned line 2012-W02. The flavonoids and isoflavonoids such as syringetin and 2,7,4’-trihydroxy-isoflavone, were less expressed in the Kaorino than in the other two accessions. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as BZ1, F3H, CHS, CHI, DFR, 4CL, PAL, CCR, 4CL, F5H, REF1 and UGT72E, were also significantly upregulated in the red-skinned line Kaorino compared to the white-skinned line 2012-W02, while the HCT, CYP75B1, FG3, HIDH, IF7MAT, I2’H, and VR was downregulated in Kaorino. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the pathways of isoflavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway essential for anthocyanin synthesis were commonly enriched by DRMs and DEGs. In addition, themetabolites of peonidin 3-O-glucoside, 2’-hydroxydaidzein and daidzin, and the genes of CYP93B2_16 and UGT73C6 were detected andmost accumulated in pinkskinned Fenyu NO.1. This result suggested that the main strategy for obtaining a red skin color is to enhance the upstream pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis, including the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, and to restrict the downstream steps in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, such as the branch pathway of flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and isoflavonoid biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is a physiological condition that when unattended causes serious health concerns over the long term. Several phytocompounds have emerged as promising sources of anti-inflammatory agents. Thottea siliquosa is a traditional medicine for inflammatory and toxicity insults; however, this has not been scientifically confirmed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of T. siliquosa methanol leaf extract in a mouse model. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory activities of a plant extract obtained from leaves of T. siliquosa (TSE) with a focus on carrageenan- and formalin-induced paw oedema in mice. The extract's efficacy was assessed using well-established inflammation models, and the results showed a considerable reduction in paw edema in both cases. In the case of carrageenan model TSE at 50 mg/kg showed a 53.0 ± 2.5% reduction in edema, while those treated with TSM at 100 mg/kg exhibited a 60.0 ± 1.8% reduction (p < 0.01). In the case of a formalin model when a higher dose of TSE (100 mg/kg) was given, paw thickness decreased by 47.04 ± 1.9% on the fifth day and by 64.72 ± 2.2% on the tenth day. LC-MS analysis reported the presence of gallic acid, quinic acid, quercetin, clitorin, myricitrin, retronecine, batatasin II, gingerol, and coumaric acid in the extract. Overall, this study confirms that T. siliquosa extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects in animals and is possibly mediated through the combined effects of these phytochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The natural sweetness, unique flavour, and potential health benefits of honey make it a desirable ingredient for ice cream that can increase its appeal for consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the polyphenolic content and sensory properties of ice cream made using a variety of New Zealand honey (clover, bush, pōhutukawa, rewarewa, kamahi, and thyme honey). The major polyphenols in honey ice cream were quinic acid, pinocembrin, hydroxybenzoic acid, pinobanksin and chrysin. Thyme and clover honey ice cream had the highest concentration of polyphenols. Ice cream sweetened with sucrose, as well as pōhutukawa, rewarewa and kāmahi honey were the most liked ice cream in terms of overall liking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although they have been extensively studied in many species of the genus Rosa L., garden roses' hips have largely been overlooked. To investigate their potential use in the food industry, this study evaluated five cultivars from 'Aurora' collection: 'Purple Aurora', 'Berry Bush Aurora', 'Aromatic Aurora', 'Butterfly Aurora', and 'Rugose White Aurora'. Morphological characterization, along with the assessment of the phenolic profile, vitamin C levels, and biological activities—including antioxidant and neuroprotective effects—was conducted. The fruit mass reached 5.15 g, while the mesocarp mass ranged from 3 to 4 g, resulting in a mesocarp-to-fruit ratio of over 75%. The total phenolic content ranged from 37.1 to 63.9 mg GAE/g de, while total flavonoids were present in amounts from 0.85 to 2.14 mg QE/g de. Rosehip extracts from four out of five cultivars exhibited a very high vitamin C content, reaching 2384 µg/g fw. Quinic acid and 31 phenolic compounds were found in the rosehip extract of at least one cultivar. Results indicated 'Aurora' rosehips have potent antioxidant properties and a moderate inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, highlighting their potential as a source of functional food. Additional research is needed to fully leverage these benefits and establish garden rosehips as a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound and microwave maceration techniques have been utilised to lower production costs and reduce processing time, while also preventing the degradation of nutrients like phenolics and vitamin C and preserving physical properties such as colour and viscosity. In this study, the effects of several traditional (cold, enzymatic, and thermal) and innovative (ultrasonic and microwave) maceration methods on some quality parameters of aronia juice were investigated. Microwave maceration significantly impacted the soluble solids content of the analysed juices and resulted in noticeably darker juice samples compared to the controls, with lower L*/lightness (20.1) and b*/blue-yellowness (−3.2) values and an increased a*/redness value (1.7). Different maceration methods also significantly impacted the rheological properties of the treated juices, among which MW treatment consistently showed a higher viscosity. Sorbitol and fructose were the main sugars identified, while malic acid and quinic acid accounted for 85% of the total acid content. Significant increases in the total sugar and acid concentrations were obtained in the juice samples from ultrasonic, microwave, and enzymatic maceration, while thermomaceration had no significant effect. The concentration of total phenolics ranged from 6.45 g/L in the thermomaceration samples to 9.86 and 14.07 g/L in the ultrasonic and microwave samples, respectively. The obtained results suggest that ultrasonic and microwave technologies were superior in terms of colour improvement and the extraction of sugars, acids, and phenolic compounds compared to traditional maceration methods. Ultrasound and microwave technologies present possible approaches to the improvement of aronia juice production in comparison to traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arum maculatum, cuckoo‐pint in folk linguistics, is a poisonous but medicinal plant with tremendous properties that need investigation. This study subjected cuckoo‐pint's parts to in vitro antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to investigate its biological activity. Further, phytochemistry was analyzed by both LC–MS/MS and total phenol, flavonoid, saponin, and reducing sugar content determination assays. Antioxidant activities were determined by Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe3+‐TPTZ metal‐reducing ability, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2ʹ‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. According to the results, seeds and berries have remarkable metal‐reducing and radical‐scavenging effects as natural and synthetic analogs such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, trolox, and α‐tocopherol. Inhibition studies over human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α‐amylase were performed, and IC50 values were determined for each enzyme inhibition. According to the results, the cuckoo‐pint seeds inhibited the AChE, BChE, and hCA II activity with greater IC50 values than reference inhibitors. Antimicrobial activity over pan‐resistant strains was achieved for each strain with the extracts, at least 20 mm zone diameter was obtained with the lowest concentrations. LC–MS/MS results revealed 24 bioactive metabolites associated with the extracts' biological activity. Notably, quinic acid and epicatechin correlated with cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluated the inhibitory effect of Ethiopian coffee (Coffea arabica) on carbohydrate digestive enzymes and its protective effect against glucose-induced testicular dysfunction using in vitro and in silico study models. Testicular oxidative stress was initiated by co-incubating testocular tissue collected from male Sprague-Dawley rats in glucose solution with different concentrations of Ethiopian coffee aqueous extracts (hot and cold) for 2 h at 37ºC. Glucose-mediated oxidative stress significantly (p < 0.05) depleted reduced glutathione and total glycogen levels while it lowered catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the testicular tissue. Concomitantly, this led to elevated malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels while it also increased glycogen phosphorylase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, ATPase, and acetylcholinesterase activities. Treatment with different concentrations of coffee aqueous extracts restored the enzymes' and markers' levels and activities. Although both the cold and hot coffee extracts strongly inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, the former showed better activities. The subjection of the coffee extracts to LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of several compounds, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cafestol, kahweol, caffeine, quinic acid, ferulic acid, and catechol which were further docked with the carbohydrate digestive enzymes. The in silico results displayed that among the various metabolites, chlorogenic acid strongly interacted and had the best binding affinity with α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Our findings implied that Ethiopian coffee may have a preventive effect against glucose-induced testicular damage. These are evidenced by the capacity of the plant product to decrease oxidative stress and protect against testicular dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) reside in the brain and participate in the mechanism of neurogenesis that permits the brain to generate the building blocks for enhancement of cognitive abilities and acquisition of new skills. The existence of NPCs in brain has opened a novel dimension of research to explore their potential for treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. The present study provides novel insights into the intracellular mechanisms in neuronal cells proliferation, maturation and differentiation regulated by Quinic acid (QA). Furthermore, this study might help in discovery and development of lead molecule that can overcome the challenges in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The growth supporting effect of QA was studied using MTT assay. For that purpose, hippocampal cell cultures of neonatal rats were treated with different concentrations of QA and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h. Gene and protein expressions of the selected molecular markers nestin, neuron‐specific class III beta‐tubulin (Tuj‐1), neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), neuronal differentiation 1 (NeuroD1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuroligin (NLGN) and vimentin were analyzed. QA‐induced cell proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal progenitor cells was also accompanied by significantly increased expression of progenitor and immature neuronal marker, mature neuronal marker and differentiating factor, that is, nestin, Tuj‐1, NeuN and NeuroD1, respectively. On the other hand, vimentin downregulation and constant GFAP expression were observed following QA treatment. Additionally, the effects of QA on the recovery of stressed cells was studied using in vitro model of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). It was observed that hippocampal cells were able to recover from OGD following the treatment with QA. These findings suggest that QA treatment promotes hippocampal neurogenesis by proliferating and differentiating of NPCs and recovers neurons from stress caused by OGD. Thus, the neurogenic potential of QA can be explored for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cousinia birandiana is one of the widely spread species of the Asteraceae family. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, the inhibitory effect on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes, the antioxidant capacity (by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC tests) and the phytochemical content (by LC-HRMS) of the ethanol extract and fractions were studied. As a result, it was shown that ethanol extract has better enzyme inhibitory effects on α-amylase, AChE and BChE enzymes with 300.000, 380.605 and 133.567 µg/mL IC50 values. Besides that, the highest phenolic and flavonoid content was found in the ethyl acetate fraction (735.986 mgGAE/gextract and 952.317 mgCA/gextract, respectively). It is observed that the same fraction has better antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50 =112.701 mg/mL), ABTS (9.494 µM Trolox/gextract) and CUPRAC (1120.454 mgGAE/gextract) tests and the n-hexane fraction has a higher FRAP (1351.199 mmol Fe2+/gextract) antioxidant effect. According to the phytochemical analyses quinic acid, chlorogenic acid and isoquercitrin were found as major compounds in the ethanol extract and fractions. In addition, the same assays were carried out with these major substances. So, this plant can be viewed as a promising bio-resource for pharmaceuticals and biomedical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus seed waste is a significant byproduct of the Citrus processing industry. While Citrus fruit is a rich source of bioactive chemicals, little is known about the possible health benefits of the seeds. This study investigates the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Citrus volkameriana Ten. & Pasq. (Family: Rutaceae) seeds' extracts as well as their constituents, to identify potential applications for this underutilised resource. The studied extracts are petroleum ether extract (CVPE) and 70 % aqueous methanolic extract (CVME). CVPE exhibited higher antioxidant activity than CVME using ABTS and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method against different microbial strains, CVME inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Helicobacter pylori at a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), ranging between 2.2 and 97 mg/mL. Whereas CVPE only inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at MIC 41.6 mg/mL. CVME showed potentially bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 83.25 mg/mL for each. The MBC of CVME reached 20 mg/mL against Staphylococcus epidermidis. GC/MS analysis of the unsaponifiable and the saponifiable matters of CVPE revealed the identification of forty-three and fifteen compounds, respectively. Twenty compounds were identified in CVME using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis where caffeic acid, quinic acid, caffeoyl quinic acid, citric acid, astringin, luteone 7- O -glucoside, and myricetin are the major peaks. Moreover, in silico molecular docking, drug-likeness, and ADMET features investigations were performed to identify the potential antimicrobial compounds from CVME. Astringin, luteone 7- O -glucoside, and myricetin showed the best docking score and good binding interactions with the active site of the bacterial target enzymes, DNA Gyrase B, topoisomerase and H. Pylori peptide deformylase. Finally, this study suggests that C. volkameriana seed extracts have the potential to be a natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobials. CVME, which is rich in phenolic compounds and has a wider spectrum of antimicrobial activity, could be a good candidate for further development. [Display omitted] • Citrus volkameriana seed extracts exhibit potential as natural antimicrobials. • 70 % aqueous methanol extract (CVME) showed a broader antibacterial activity. • In silico analysis identified CVME constituents with the potential to target bacteria. • CVME could be beneficial against skin infections and urinary tract infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlorogenic acids (CQAs), a large family of naturally occurring esters of quinic acid with one, two or even three cinnamic acids moieties and/or moieties of cinnamic acids derivatives, supplied to human organisms mainly with coffee, tea, fruit and vegetables, have been among the most frequently studied polyphenols. Of these, caffeic acid esters predominate, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) is their main and most widespread representative. Recently performed studies have shown that after removing water from the aqueous solution of 5-CQA, its dry residue contains two hydrates of this compound, each consisting of two 5-CQA molecules and two molecules of H2O (2 × 5-CQA*2xH2O). The results presented in the paper not only define the characteristic features of 5-CQA but, more importantly, offer solid evidence that 5-CQA hydrates begin to form already in the aqueous solution of 5-CQA immediately after the dissolution of this compound and that the analogous process can occur in food products containing 5-CQA during their storage. Moreover, the performed experiments indicate the validity of the hypothesis that 5-CQA hydrates are formed by active collisions of 5-CQA molecules with monomeric/dimeric water molecules existing in trace amount in strongly associated aqueous systems. The presence of 5-CQA hydrates in liquid food products may have a significant impact on the assessment of some of their physicochemical properties as well as their biochemical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulberries (Morus alba L.) contain rich and beneficial nutrients for human health. However, as a temperate adaptive species, high-temperature and high-humidity climate conditions may alter the main nutritional value of mulberries after their intended arrival in tropical regions, which has not yet been reported on. In this study, we analyzed the differences in morphology, sugars, organic acids, free amino acids, and aroma contents of five mulberry varieties in the tropics between two harvesting periods. The results show that the full-ripe fruits of M. laevigata W (TLM) have the longest fruit length (83.67 mm) and highest brix (25.90); meanwhile, full-ripe fruits of M. atropurpurea R (D10M) have the longest fruit transverse stem (20.00 ± 0.577 mm) and single-fruit weight (9.63 ± 0.033 g). Fructose, glucose, and sucrose were the main sugars, and oxalic acid, quinic acid, malic acid, and citric acid were the main organic acids in all varieties; in addition, the sucrose content in mature fruits of M. laevigata W. (BLM) and M. alba L. BZZ (BZM) was significantly higher than other sugars. Twenty free amino acids were detected in all five varieties and asparagine was the main free amino acid. A total of 100 volatile compounds were identified, including 31 esters, 20 aldehydes, 14 hydrocarbons, 11 alcohols, 10 acids, 6 ketones, and 8 others. Although the main components of five mulberry full-ripe fruits were significantly higher than the green-ripe fruits, gamma-amino butyric acid and a few other components were otherwise. The research results show that the tropical climate conditions could increase the main nutritional components of mulberries, but the specific molecular regulatory mechanisms need to be further analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the different stages of fruit processing are becoming a differentiating factor in coffee quality. Currently, generating delays in the processing of the fruit, that is, reserve, is a practice that can modify the sensory profile of the beverage. In this study, the fruit was reserved in three stages of maturity, two temperatures (15° and 20°C) and at two timepoints (24 and 48 h), establishing its chemical composition and sensory characteristics using analytical techniques such as liquid and gas chromatography. The state of maturity 1 showed an effect on malic and quinic acids due to the interaction of temperature and reserve time, while stage of maturity 3 showed an effect on glucose and fructose. The state of maturity 2 showed an effect of the reserve time on the same compounds of states 1 and 3, in addition to the content of defective beans and sucrose. The sensory quality expressed as the total SCA (Specialty Coffee Association) score and the attributes did not show treatments effect, the reserve of the fruit under the evaluated conditions presents an effect on the descriptors of the flavor. Extending the fruit reserve time from 24 to 48 h showed an increase in the groups of flavor descriptors associated with fruit and red fruits from 33.33 to 66.66% and from 34.04 to 65.95%. This implies that the constituent parts of the fruit such as the exocarp and mesocarp interact with the bean, leading to changes in the chemical composition and the improvement of the qualitative complexity of the sensory quality. This is a consequence of the increase in the frequency of the flavor descriptors of the fruit and red fruit category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to obtain a phytochemical extract from jambolan leaf using a hydroethanolic solvent and ultrasound-assisted extraction. For this purpose, an experimental design was applied to analyze the effect of process variables related to temperature (30–60 °C), time (10–30 min), and solvent to leaf ratio (5–15 mL g−1), on the extraction mass yield (EMY) and on the yield of phenolic compounds (PCY). The effect of extractor solvent, AE (absolute ethanol), 75E (75% v·v−1 ethanol) and 50E (50% v·v−1), on the chemical characterization of the extracts, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activity, and cell viability, were also evaluated. The application of the highest values of process variables resulted in obtaining the maximum of the response variables (EMY = 9.94 wt% and PCY = 13.01 mg GAE g−1 leaf). A higher content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was obtained with 50E, which is mainly composed of sinapic, vanillic, trans-caffeic, and quinic acids, which were responsible for the greatest antioxidant potential, antibacterial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and inhibition of α-amylase. On the other hand, the use of AE allowed us to obtain extracts with higher concentrations of squalene, α-tocopherol, β-sitosterol, and friedelin. From cell viability tests, the extracts are not considered toxic at the concentration tested (100 µg mg−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determined the effects of cooking Taşköprü garlic, which is grown with a geographical indication in Turkiye, in three cooking materials (unbleached parchment paper (UP), bleached parchment paper (BP), and oven bag (OB)) and four vegetable oils (sunflower oil (SO), hazelnut oil (HO), corn oil (CO), and olive oil (OO)) on total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, phenolic compound profile, and chemical compound profile. The effects of cooking material (CM) and oil type (OT) on garlic samples' TPC were found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). However, cooking material (CM) and oil type (OT) impacted antioxidant activity. According to cooking material, statistically, the highest antioxidant activity with the DPPH method was identified in garlic cooked using UP and BP, while the highest antioxidant activity with the ABTS method was found in garlic cooked with BP and OB. The garlic samples roasted with the mentioned oils and cooking materials were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in terms of thirty-five phenolic compounds. However, only five of these compounds (quinic acid, fumaric acid, hesperidin, ferulic acid, and rosmarinic acid) were detected in the samples. The chemical components of the cooked garlic samples primarily consist of terpenoids (β–sitosterol and squalene). The use of cooking material affected the amount of squalene compound in all garlic samples cooked with olive oil. Among these samples, the lowest squalene rate (52.11%) was found in only roasted garlic. In addition, according to GC-MS results, we can say that the use of hazelnut oil and unbleached parchment paper in the roasting process has a protective effect on the cis-vaccenic acid compound, which is known to show anticancer properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acyl-quinic acids (AQAs), present in various plants with many health benefits, are regarded as therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of chronic and cardiovascular diseases. The molecular network-guided identification of ten AQA compounds, two new (5 and 7) and eight known compounds, were isolated from V. rotundifolia L. f. by using a newly applied extraction method. Their structures were determined through spectroscopic means, reaction mixtures, and modified Mosher and PGME techniques. These compounds were assessed for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities. Notably, compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9 exhibited notable DPPH radical scavenging activity. In LPS-induced HT-29 cells, compounds 2–7 significantly inhibited IL-8 production. Furthermore, compounds 3–5 and 7 markedly suppressed NO production, while compounds 1–10 effectively inhibited IL-6 production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Western blot analyses revealed that compounds 3–5, and 7 reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression, and compounds 2–5, 7, and 8 also diminished the expression levels of p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Docking studies demonstrated the active compounds' binding affinity with the IL-8, iNOS, COX-2, and p38 MAPK proteins through interactions with essential amino acids within the binding pockets of complexes. The findings suggest that compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 9, and compounds 3–5, and 7, hold promise as potential therapeutic agents for treating antioxidative and inflammatory diseases, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhododendron capitatum community expansion is a major threat to alpine meadow. Allelopathy is an important mediator in managing relationships between plants in natural ecosystems. However, allelopathy and specific allelochemicals of R. capitatum have not been studied yet. In this study, the allelopathy of the foliage litter of R. capitatum was explored on Elymus nutans, Poa pratensis and Medicago ruthenica, and the chemical composition and their allelopathy were studied. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the foliage litter of R. capitatum had an allelopathy of "low concentration promotion and high concentration inhibition" on the germination of E. nutans, P. pratensis, and M. ruthenica. Organic acids, fatty acids, terpenes, phenols, and phenolic acid compounds were identified, with Zanamivir (77.81%), alpha-linolenic acid (18%), Kaurenoic acid (23.50%), 4-hydroxyphenylglycolic acid (21.54%), and Quinic acid (28.24%) having the highest relative content, and all five compounds showed significantly inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of E. nutans, P. pratensis, and M. ruthenica, which further suggests that the five compounds are the critical allelochemicals for negative allelopathy of R. capitatum. These results highlight the crucial role of inhibitory allelopathy produced by R. capitatum in the establishment and expansion of its populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extracts from locally grown aromatic plants can enhance the geographical characteristics and microbial stability of craft beers, which are often not pasteurized or filtered. Here, the chemical and antimicrobial properties of aqueous extracts from leaves of Myrtus communis L., Pistacia lentiscus L., Artemisia arborescens L., and floral wastes of Crocus sativus L., all cultivated in Sardinia (Italy), were assessed. P. lentiscus extract had the highest polyphenol content (111.20 mg GAE/g), followed by M. communis (56.80 mg GAE/g), C. sativus (32.80 mg GAE/g), and A. arborescens (8.80 mg GAE/g). Notably, only the M. communis extract demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.18, 0.71, and 1.42 mg GAE/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Lacticaseibacillus casei, respectively. Additionally, it reduced the growth of Levilactobacillus brevis and Fructilactobacillus lindneri at concentrations of 0.35 and 0.71 mg GAE/mL, respectively. Based on its significant antimicrobial activity, the M. communis extract was further characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry, revealing high abundances of nonprenylated phloroglucinols, flavonoid derivatives (myricetin), and quinic acids. Lastly, adding M. communis extract (2.84 mg GAE/mL) to commercial beer effectively prevented the growth of L. brevis and F. lindneri, showing its potential to avoid beer's microbial spoilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the biochemical composition and biological properties of different parts (leaves, roots, and twigs) of two Cistus species (Cistus monspeliasis and Cistus parviflorus). The extracts were analysed using UHPLC-MS/MS to determine their chemical profiling. A range of antioxidant assays were performed to evaluate the extract's antioxidant capabilities. The enzyme inhibition studies focused on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, and α-glucosidase and tyrosinase. In addition, the study examined the antimicrobial effects on different bacteria and yeasts and evaluated the toxicity using the MTT assay. Quinic acid, citric acid, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin derivatives, kaempferol, myricetin, ellagic acid, prodelphinidins, procyanidins, scopoletin, and flavogallonic acid dilactone are the main bioactive compounds found in both species. In enzyme inhibition assays, C. monspeliasis roots exhibited significant activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with the values of 2.58 ± 0.02 mg GALAE/g and 11.37 ± 1.93 mg GALAE/g, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies showed mostly weak toxicity, with some samples moderately reducing viability in RAW and HepG2 cells. These findings underscore the diverse biochemical profiles and bioactive potential of Cistus species, suggesting their utility as natural sources of antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carissa carandas L. (Apocynaceae) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia including Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka. C. carandas is considered as an integral component of traditional medicinal systems to combat several health ailments. The present study aimed to assess this plant's phytochemical contents and biological potential by performing sequential extraction, adopting a bioassay-guided approach. C. carandas powder was extracted with n-hexane to remove fatty substances and then residues were sequentially extracted with dichloromethane, methanol, and 50% methanol. All the sequential crude extracts were evaluated for phytochemical contents (total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins), in vitro antioxidant activity (FRAP, DPPH), in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (serum and egg albumin denaturation), in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan- and formaldehyde-induced paw edema), and in vitro antimicrobial activity. Active crude extract was then partitioned using the liquid-liquid separation method followed by further separation of the active fraction by RP-HPLC. The active fraction was then subjected to LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis for tentative identification of bioactive metabolites responsible for its bioactive properties, followed by HPLC quantification. The analysis revealed methanol extract to have more phytochemical contents, radical scavenging properties, reduced inflammation in both models (in vitro and in vivo), and antimicrobial properties against urinary tract infection-causing agents as compared to dichloromethane and 50% methanol extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction obtained after liquid-liquid partitioning (LLP) of the active methanol extract exhibited more activity as compared to C. carandas methanol extract. RP-HPLC sub-fractionation yielded seven sub-fractions, but a slight decrease in biological potential was recorded. Therefore, LLP fraction B was subjected to further analysis. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis led to the tentative identification of phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, quinic acid), flavonoids (quercetin), and anthocyanins (peonidin-3-arabinoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-rutinoside) in the active LLP ethyl acetate fraction. Chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, and quinic acid were quantified as 17.6 µg/mg, 5.90 µg/mg, and 3.30 µg/mg, respectively, on a dry weight basis by HPLC. C. carandas may be considered a promising therapeutic plant, and the results of the current study provide more evidence to support the assertions made in ancient medical traditions. These findings highlight its promising applications in health, medicine, cosmetics, preservatives, and as a natural coloring agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Hyperglycemia and diabetes are common metabolic disorders. It is considered a safe and effective strategy to screen active ingredients from food and herbs for controlling blood sugar levels. Quinic acid (QA) is a natural polyphenolic acid with various health‐promoting properties. In this study, QA was found to exhibit a potent inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase activity, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5.46 mM. This inhibitory property surpassed that of three common organic acids including gallic acid, malic acid, and citric acid. A combination of 25% acarbose (0.5 mM) and 75% QA (5 mM) (v/v) exhibited synergistic inhibition of α‐glucosidase activity. Enzyme kinetics, fluorescence spectra, and molecular docking analyses indicated that QA acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor of α‐glucosidase, with hydrogen bonds playing a key role in the intermolecular interactions. Moreover, QA was found to effectively inhibit three major nonenzymatic glycation products including advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), fructosamine, and α‐dicarbonyl in a dose‐dependent manner, outperforming the positive control aminoguanidine (AG) within the tested concentration range. Utilizing a Caco‐2 cell model, QA demonstrated the ability to inhibit the transmembrane absorption of glucose. This study highlighted QA as a promising food functional factor that had been overlooked in the past, offering potential benefits in improving hyperglycemia, diabetes, and associated complications through the inhibition of α‐glucosidase, nonenzymatic glycosylation, and glucose uptake.

Background: Yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important part in the post‐harvest fermentation of coffee. This study applied lab‐scale fermentation to commercial green coffee beans using dry coffee pulp as the substrate, with the aim of modifying coffee‐bean flavor. In addition to spontaneous fermentation, yeast and LAB isolated from coffee beans and dried coffee pulp were added during fermentation. Results: Co‐inoculation of yeast and LAB showed a significant effect on the chlorogenic acid content after between 24 and 72 h of fermentation. Acetic, citric, malic, lactic, and quinic acids were shown to be affected significantly (P < 0.05) by fermentation and inoculation. Gas chromatography detected that esters, alcohols, aldehydes, furans, and pyrazines were the primary compounds in the coffee beans. Certain volatile groups were present in greater concentrations and broader varieties within the inoculated beans. The highest cupping scores were given to beans that had been co‐inoculated with yeast and LAB. Conclusion: Overall, the use of yeasts and LAB starters showed potential to create coffee beverages with desirable characteristics by standardized fermentation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinic acid is a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid contained in the extracts of several parts of medicinal plants including Haematocarpus validus, Hypericum empetrifolium, Achillea pseudoaleppica, Rumex nepalensis, Phagnalon saxatile subsp. saxatile, Coffea arabica, Ziziphus lotus L, and Artemisia annua L ... etc. Currently, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies showed that quinic acid exhibits various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer activity, antimicrobial, antiviral, aging, protective, anti-nociceptive and analgesic effects. Indeed, QA possesses an important antibacterial effect which could be explained by the fact that this molecule modules the functions of ribosomes and the synthesis of aminoacyl-tRNAs, modifications the levels of glycerophospholipids and fatty acids and disruption of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway thereby causing interference with membrane fluidity. The antidiabetic activity of AQ is achieved by stimulation of insulin secretion via the mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular reserves and the increase in the NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratio. Its anticancer effect is through the promotion of apoptosis, inhibition of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and signaling pathways involving protein kinase C (PKC) and certain mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), resulting in the downregulation of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) expression. Therefore, this review describes the main research work carried out on the biological properties of AQ and the mechanism of action underlying some of these effects, as well as the investigations of the main pharmacokinetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eugenia uniflora leaves are a source of flavonoids and ellagitannins, and the Brazilian population uses them to treat various diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to determine if the ethanol extract and other derivatives are effective cytotoxic agents against gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS cells) and anti-H. pylori agent, its chemical composition, and mass spectrometry characterization of the more abundant compounds. The results were compared with the literature. The aqueous fraction, rich in Oenothein B and Gemin D/Hippomanin A, showed anti-H. pylori activity and higher cytotoxicity on AGS cells compared to the other samples analysed. Furthermore, the ESI(-) FT-ICR MS characterized the more abundant phenolic compounds, including Quinic Acid, Myricitrin, Gemin D/Hippomanin A, and Oenothein. Therefore, the activity of the ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction for gastric cancer and against H-pylori seems to originate from the antiproliferative and bacteriostatic effects of tannins and flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Foods contain lipids that are easily susceptible to oxidation, which can modify their sensory properties. Although these compounds provide characteristic flavours and odours, there are also unwanted compounds, such as volatile secondary oxidation products, representing a recurring problem for both the industry and consumers. Synthetic antioxidants are often employed to prevent this but their chronic consumption can be detrimental to human health. The present study evaluates the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts from Ganoderma resinaceum and Phlebopus bruchii using an accelerated oxidation test. RESULTS: The composition profile of the extracts was investigated, identifying the presence of tryptophan, quinic acid, caffeic acid and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylglycol‐phenolic acid. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was compared with that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in sunflower oil that was oven‐heated at 60 °C. Chemical (peroxide value, p‐anisidine value and conjugated dienes) and volatile (2‐octenal, 2‐heptenal and 2,4‐decadienal) indicators were measured over 28 days. The peroxide value decreased for both extracts at a similar level to that of BHT 0.02% w/w, and conjugate dienes decreased in the presence of G. resinaceum 0.1% w/w. Meanwhile, p‐anisidine exhibited a slightly greater decrease for P. bruchii 0.1% w/w than for BHT. The sample with 0.1% w/w of extracts showed a reduction in volatile secondary oxidation compounds, indicating significant antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, both extracts could be proposed as potential antioxidants in foods with a high lipid content. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has led to an urgent need for novel antimicrobial drugs. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials in silico and in vitro of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. ethanolic extract. The extracts were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify the compounds. In silico antimicrobial studies were performed to gain insights into the possible mechanism of action of the active compounds as antimicrobials. The antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extracts were assessed using the agar well diffusion method against the Surabaya strain of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant properties of the extract were done using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] inhibition assays. The phytochemical screening revealed that the extract has high flavonoids and polyphenols contents. The GC-MS analysis detected the presence of 52 bioactive substances, with n-hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, benzofuran 2,3-dihydro-. quinic acid, neophytadiene as major compound. Molecular docking studies showed that these compounds have a high binding affinity towards the target proteins, thereby inhibiting their activities. The ethanolic extract of P. amaryllifolius Roxb. exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The IC50 were 11.96 ± 4.01 μg/ml and 26.18 ± 7.44 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS. The diameters of inhibition zones (DIZ) and percentage of inhibition (PI) were calculated and varied for every single pathogen 16.44 ± 1.21mm/66.76 ± 4.92% (50%) and 21.22 ± 0.11mm/82.49 ± 3.91% (50%) for E. coli and S. aureus (DIZ/PI) respectively. Overall, this study provides information on the mechanism responsible for P. amaryllifolius Roxb. extract as a natural antimicrobe and lays the foundation for further studies to isolate and characterize the active compounds as antimicrobial candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goji, a renowned traditional Chinese medicine and food source, is characterized by a long fruiting period. This study was conducted to investigate the variations in nutritional quality of goji berries across different harvest stages by utilizing widely targeted metabolome and transcriptome. The results showed that goji berries of the first harvest stage had advantages in terms of size and metabolic levels, and there was little difference in sugars and organic acids levels. Within significantly enriched phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, chlorogenic acid, and its positional isomers (neochlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid) increased significantly along with P‐coumaroyl quinic acid as the harvest stages progressed, while the other bioactive DEMs including scopoletin, scopolin, naringenin, and pruning exhibited a decreasing trend. The key DEGs encoding PAL, HCT, 4CL, C4H, TOGT1, and C12RT1 were suggested to regulate the variations of these DEMs. Furthermore, six oxidative metabolites enriched in alpha‐linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism pathways all peaked at the second harvest stage. Climate or plant weakening is suggested as potential factors influencing the metabolic and transcriptomic changes in goji berries. This study provides a fresh perspective on understanding the accumulation of metabolites and their molecular mechanisms in goji at different harvest stages in the Qaidam Basin and can be used to guide goji production and processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural products received much attention as an environmentally beneficial solution for pest management. Therefore, the extracts of invasive silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) weeds using their berries parts (seeds, peels and mucilage) supported by bioassay-guided fractionation were tested against both the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora causes of the blackleg of potatoes. The seeds and peels of S. elaeagnifolium were successively extracted by maceration using dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and ethanol (EtOH), respectively. While, its mucilage was extracted using EtOAc. The successive EtOH extract of the plant seeds had promising inhibition efficacy and the best minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 50 µg/ml against E. Carotovora amongst other extracts (DCM and EtOAc of the plant berries parts). Depending on dose response activity, EtOH extract had G. mellonella larval mortality and pupal duration rates (LC50; 198.30 and LC95; 1294.73 µg/ml), respectively. Additionally, this EtOH extract of seeds was fractionated using preparative TLC to three characteristic bands. The insecticidal and bacterial activities of these isolated bands (SEA, SEB, and SEC) were evaluated at a dose of 100 µg/ml, causing mortality by 48.48, 62.63 and 92.93% (G. mellonella larvae) and inhibition by 15.22, 0.00 and 31.66 mm (E. carotovora), respectively. Moreover, the separated major three bands were tentatively identified using LC-ESI-MS analysis revealing the presence of two phenolic acids; chlorogenic acid (SEA) and dicaffeoyl quinic acid (SEB) in addition to one steroidal saponin (SEC) annotated as borassoside E or yamoscin. Finally, the plant seeds' successive EtOH extract as well as its active constituents, exhibited potential broad-spectrum activity and the ability to participate in future pest management initiatives. A field study is also recommended to validate its bio-efficacy against selected pests and to develop its formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, one-third of global food production, accounting for 1.3 billions tons, goes wasted due to major humanitarian and environmental challenges. In such a scenario, the circular bioeconomy model stands as an innovative solution by promoting sustainable production, utilizing agri-food waste, and converting non-renewable products into valuable resources. Here, the circular bioeconomy concept was applied on a previously obtained chestnut burr extract (agri-food waste) composed of gallic acid, quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, brevifolin carboxylic acid, and ellagic acid to evaluate its antimicrobial activity against four bacterial opportunistic pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). Our results evidenced a modest but measurable antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64 μg/mL. In silico studies allowed for identifying the potential molecular target, supporting the underlying antibacterial activity of the active principle and providing useful molecular findings regarding their interaction. In this study, we show a robust and comprehensive in vitro and in silico pipeline aimed at the identification of novel antibacterial scaffolds taking advantage of agri-food waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica L.) has become increasingly popular due to its potent antioxidant capacity and health-promoting benefits. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, antibacterial characteristics, and mechanism of finger lime extract. The finger lime extracts were obtained from the fruit of the Australian finger lime by the ethanol extraction method. The antibacterial activity of the extract was examined by detecting the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacterial strains in vitro, as well as by assessing variations in the number of bacteria for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) in vivo. GC-MS analysis was used to identify the antibacterial compounds of the extract. The antibacterial mechanisms were investigated by assessing cell permeability and membrane integrity, and the bacterial morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Gram-negative bacterial species, such as Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas citri, and CLas. Among the six strains evaluated in vitro, B. subtilis showed the highest susceptibility to the antimicrobial effects of finger lime extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract against the tested microorganisms varied between 500 and 1000 μg/mL. In addition, the extract was proven effective in suppressing CLas in vivo, as indicated by the lower CLas titers in the treated leaves compared to the control. A total of 360 compounds, including carbohydrates (31.159%), organic acid (30.909%), alcohols (13.380%), polyphenols (5.660%), esters (3.796%), and alkaloids (0.612%), were identified in the extract. We predicted that the primary bioactive compounds responsible for the antibacterial effects of the extract were quinic acid and other polyphenols, as well as alkaloids. The morphology of the tested microbes was altered and damaged, leading to lysis of the cell wall, cell content leakage, and cell death. Based on the results, ethanol extracts from finger lime may be a fitting substitute for synthetic bactericides in food and plant protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

\nHIGHLIGHTSAllium dictyoprasum C.A. Meyer ex Kunth (A. dictyoprasum) underwent comprehensive analysis, encompassing quantum chemical computations to assess its radical scavenging potential, chemical and elemental composition, total phenolic content, and antimicrobial activity. Experimental and theoretical investigations focused on elucidating the radical scavenging properties of polyhydroxy phenolic compounds present in the plant. Quantum chemical calculations were employed to evaluate the antioxidants employed to evaluate selected polyhydroxy phenolic molecules including flavonoids, hydrocinnamic acid derivatives, and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives from natural sources. Thermochemical parameters of these compounds were calculated by the B3LYP/6–311 G++(d,p) level in both gas and solvent phases to elucidate the radical scavenging mechanism including hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT) and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET). Analysis of A. dictyoprasum extracts obtained via various extraction methods revealed the presence of several major compounds, including dimethyl trisulfide, 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4 H-pyran-4-one, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl palmitate, Methyl oleate, Methyl stearate, (9Z)-9-Octadecenamide. Notably, Malic acid and Quinic acid were identified as major compounds, with concentrations of 43.31 and 17.47 mg kg−1 extract, respectively, based on LC-MS/MS analysis. The total phenolic content of the extract was measured as 17.83 mg gallic acid/mL, while its free radical scavenging activity was 80.89% per mg/mL. Elemental analysis revealed significant levels of Mg, K, Na, Fe, and P, with minor concentrations of elements such as Ti, Tl, B, and Be. Furthermore, A. dictyoprasum exhibited notable antibacterial activity against various bacteria strains, surpassing the efficacy of some commercial antibiotics.Quantum chemical calculations of radical scavenging analysis were performed.Thermochemical parameters were calculated by the B3LYP/6–311 G++(d,p) level.Radical scavenging mechanism was evaluated based on HAT, SET-PT and SPLET.Chemical composition of Allium dictyoprasum C.A. Meyer ex Kunth was determined.A. dictyoprasum has a greater antibacterial effects than some commercial antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to comprehensively identify the phenolic fingerprint of Morina persica L. (Caprifoliaceae) and evaluate its various biological activities. LC-MS/MS analysis of 70% Morina persica methanol extract revealed the presence of 27 phytochemicals, with quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rutin being the major phenolics. The antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities were evaluated for biological screening. The results showed that the methanolic extract of M. persica has a moderate DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing capacity, indicating antioxidant activity. M. persica was observed to have a sufficient antiproliferative effect against cancer cells and low cytotoxicity against normal cells. Moreover, M. persica demonstrated good antibacterial activity against Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli. These data suggest that the methanolic extract of M. persica could be considered both an industrial source of quinic acid and a potential biologically active ingredient for developing drug formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The high biological activity of cultivated and wild purslane offers broad possibilities for utilizing this plant in medicine and human nutrition. To assess the prospects of obtaining new functional food products based on the wild form of P. oleracea L., foliar biofortification of this species with sodium selenate (VI) was carried out, and the changes in leaf and seed biochemical characteristics were investigated. Selenium significantly enhanced plant yield, photosynthetic pigments and the ascorbic acid content, and showed a tendency to seed productivity increase. The application of selenium augmented quinic acid content in leaves by 1.7 times but did not affect the oxalic acid content. Oxalic acid prevailed in wild purslane and quinic acid in cultivated purslane (cv. Makovey). Seed oil in Se-enriched purslane was characterized by a two-fold decrease in saturated fatty acids and squalene and 2.3-fold decrease in malonic dialdehyde content, along with a 1.4-fold increase in ascorbic acid. Selenium supplementation resulted in an increase in total lipids and mono- and di-unsaturated fatty acids and did not affect the concentration of ω-3 fatty acids and sterol accumulation. Among the identified sterols, only the minor ones (fucosterol, 7-stigmasterol and ∆7-avenosterol) showed a slight decrease upon Se supply. Compared to seeds of cv. Makovey, wild purslane seeds had higher levels of antioxidant activity by a factor of 2 and of polyphenols by a factor of 3.2 but did not differ significantly in oil fatty acid composition. The results indicate the importance of wild purslane leaves/seeds both fortified and not fortified with Se in human nutrition and medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA, 5.0%, w/w in lanolin) on the growth of Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod) stem was studied, focusing on histological analyses, comprehensive analyses of phytohormones and polar metabolites. NPA substantially induced stem swelling at and above the application site and stimulated vascular cambium activity around the area of its application. The cambial zone in the swelling part of the stem was twice as wide as that treated with lanolin only (control). The proliferation of cambial cells increased xylem production and, consequently, vascular bundle thickness. A significant enlargement of parenchymatous pith cells and an increased diameter of the pith were also observed. Comprehensive phytohormone analyses revealed that NPA increased the content of indole-3-propionic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and indole-3-acetyl-aspartic acid in the swelling part of the stem, as well as trans-zeatin riboside. These results suggest that NPA-induced stem swelling depends on the dynamics of changes in aux-in and cytokinin metabolites. Furthermore, the contents of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose) as well as malic, succinic, fumaric acids, cyclitols and quinic acid derivatives increased markedly in the swelling stem. This may indicate that the site of NPA-induced stem swelling is a physiological sink for polar metabolites needed for the growth of this tissue. Thus, it seems that auxins, in interaction with cytokinins, regulate the strength of the sink, controlling the transport of polar metabolites into the swelling part of S. canadensis stem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kombucha is a Far East-originated fermented beverage that is valued by people for its health benefits worldwide. Fruit and fruit juice of the gilaburu plant is used in traditional medicine. In this study, fruit juice of gilaburu is used in a 21-day kombucha fermentation. Sensory properties, microbiological profile, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the prepared beverages for days 0, 7, 14, and 21st were investigated. In addition, chemical compound profiles were determined using LC-MS/MS on the 7th and 14th days. When evaluated in general, gilaburu-flavoured kombucha yielded better results than traditional kombucha in terms of microbiological analysis, antibacterial activity, total phenolic content, and sensory properties. In addition, the LC-MS/MS analysis of the beverages revealed fourteen active compounds. Notably, on the 7th day, gilaburu-flavoured kombucha exhibited elevated levels of fumaric acid, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, 4-OH-benzoic acid, epicatechin, vitexin and hesperidin compared to traditional kombucha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer, the most prevalent cancer in women globally, is characterized by a low survival rate. Euphorbia hirta is predicted to exhibit promising antibreast cancer properties. This study aimed to explore the active compounds present in the ethanol extract of E. hirta and elucidate their mechanism for countering breast cancer using computational and experimental methodologies. The active components of the E. hirta ethanol extract were determined using Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the identified active compounds were subjected to computational analysis involving drug-likeness screening, membrane permeability, bioactivity, toxicity assessment and protein target prediction using QSAR principles followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. In vitro experimental investigations included toxicity, rhodamine, apoptosis, cell migration and colony formation assays. These findings indicated that six compounds with drug-like properties and physicochemical features exhibited bioactivity relevant to breast cancer. These compounds, namely, quercetin, luteolin, gallic acid, gentisic acid, quinic acid and caffeic acid, target proteins associated with breast cancer progression, including EGFR, KDR, SRC, FASN, CDK4 and ERBB2. According to molecular docking and dynamics studies, these active compounds bind securely, potentially inhibiting their target protein activity. The ethanol extract of E. hirta was toxic and selective for T47D cells. The extract induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in T47D cells, restraining their migration and colony formation. The research findings demonstrate that the extract of E. hirta effectively antagonizes breast cancer by inducing apoptosis, suppressing cellular migration, and inhibiting cell colony formation through the targeted modulation of associated proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Abnormal colour of plasma is infrequently identified during processing of blood and blood components. Common reasons include haemolysis, medications or diet related. Sometimes, the aetiology is unknown. It is a dilemma for every transfusion specialist encountering this situation. Effort should be made to find the aetiology of discolouration of plasma, so that the blood donor can be suitably advised, and a decision can be made regarding the use of blood products. Materials and Methods: We encountered two cases of orange coloured (amber coloured) plasma in our regular blood donors. All the common reasons for abnormal plasma discolouration were evaluated, including the donor's medication and diet. Spectrophotometry along with Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) in both the positive and negative ion modes with literature search helped in arriving at a conclusion. Results: Haemolysis was ruled out by estimation of plasma haemoglobin. Spectrophotometric analysis of the coloured plasma samples showed a peak, which was absent in normal coloured plasma. This was further investigated using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS) in both the positive and negative ion modes. There was no significant difference between the coloured and normal samples in the positive ion mode. But in the negative ion mode, there was a peak observed at 110.5 and 191 m/z value in the profile of the coloured samples in comparison with the normal sample. Literature review shows the peak was corresponding to the presence of quinic acid residues—a substance found in coffee, and potentially excreted into the plasma of an individual with high coffee consumption. Conclusion: Reporting unusual causes associated with plasma discolouration is important. Present guidelines forbid issue of abnormal coloured blood and blood components for transfusion. Further such reports are necessary to confirm the safety of recipients receiving such units. This is the first case report to our knowledge of quinic acid discolouring blood products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to comprehend the expression characteristics of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Pinus yunnanensis and its involvement in lignin biosynthesis. (Method) The relative concentrations of 18 specific small molecules within the lignin pathway were assessed in the stems, buds, and needles of one-year-old P. yunnanensis. Additionally, the CAD genes of P. yunnanensis were identified, cloned and bioinformatics analyzed by comprehensive analysis of transcriptome data. RT-qPCR was employed to examine their expression patterns across various tissues. (Result] The findings revealed that among the 18 lignin pathway molecules, the relative con- tent of 5-0-caffeoylshikimic acid, 5-0-p-coumaroyl shikimic acid, and caffeic acid were higher in the buds, while the relative content of 3- O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, coniferylaldehyde, L-phenylalanine, coniferyl alcohol, p-coumaryl alcohol, L- (-)-tyrosine, sinapinaldehyde were higher in the stems. In addition, the relative content of coniferin, p-coumaraldehyde, caffeic aldehyde, and syringin were higher in the needles. Four members of the CAD family were screened from the transcriptome of P. yunnanensis, and phylogenetic analysis showed that PyCAD-3 of P. yunnanensis was homologous to AtCADI, and PyCAD-1, PyCAD-2 and PyCAD-4 were closely related to CAD of Pinus, AtCAD4 and ALCAD5. The results of correlation analysis showed that the PyCAD-1 and PyCAD-2 were closely related to small molecules in the lignin pathway upstream and downstream. The open reading frame of PyCAD-1 and PyCAD-2 was 570 and 1083 bp, respectively, and the molecular weights of PyCAD-1 and PyCAD-2 were 20.38 and 39.30 kDa, respectively. The results of RT-qPCR showed that the relative expression of PyCAD-1 was the highest in bud and tender stem, and PyCAD-2 was the highest in tender stem. [Conclusion] It is speculated that PyCAD-2 may be directly involved in lignin biosynthesis, while PyCAD-1 may have some functional redundancy. The study provides a theoretical basis for studying CAD genes family and genes related to the lignin metabolism pathway of P. yunnanensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]