Search

ObjectiveTo explore the cytotoxicity of four wild mushrooms involved in a case of Yunnan sudden unexplained death （YNSUD）, to provide the experimental basis for prevention and treatment of YNSUD.MethodsFour kinds of wild mushrooms that were eaten by family members in this YNSUD incident were collected and identified by expert identification and gene sequencing. Raw extracts from four wild mushrooms were extracted by ultrasonic extraction to intervene HEK293 cells, and the mushrooms with obvious cytotoxicity were screened by Cell Counting Kit-8 （CCK-8）. The selected wild mushrooms were prepared into three kinds of extracts, which were raw, boiled, and boiled followed by enzymolysis. HEK293 cells were intervened with these three extracts at different concentrations. The cytotoxicity was detected by CCK-8 combined with lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） Assay Kit, and the morphological changes of HEK293 cells were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope.ResultsSpecies identification indicated that the four wild mushrooms were Butyriboletus roseoflavus, Boletus edulis, Russula virescens and Amanita manginiana. Cytotoxicity was found only in Amanita manginiana. The raw extracts showed cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, while the boiled extracts and the boiled followed by enzymolysis extracts showed obvious cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.4 mg/mL and 0.7 mg/mL, respectively. In addition to the obvious decrease in the number of HEK293 cells, the number of synapses increased and the refraction of HEK293 cells was poor after the intervention of Amanita manginiana extracts.ConclusionThe extracts of Amanita manginiana involved in this YNSUD case has obvious cytotoxicity, and some of its toxicity can be reduced by boiled and enzymolysis, but cannot be completely detoxicated. Therefore, the consumption of Amanita manginiana is potentially dangerous, and it may be one of the causes of the YNSUD.

Background: The preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) depends on a series of blood biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that CD64 expression on blood neutrophils and monocytes has a good diagnostic efficacy for diagnosing systemic and local infections. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of blood CD64 in the diagnosis of PJI.Methods: On the basis of estimations made before the study was performed, 62 patients were recruited for joint revision surgery following the failure of primary hip or knee replacement. Venous blood was obtained within 24 hours after patient admission, and flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the CD64 expression of 3 groups of white blood cells (WBCs). CD64 expression was measured as CD64 mean fluorescence intensity (CD64MFI). The neutrophil CD64 index (nCD64 index; neutrophil CD64MFI [nCD64MFI]/lymphocyte CD64MFI [lCD64MFI]) and monocyte CD64 index (mCD64 index; monocyte CD64MFI [mCD64MFI]/lCD64MFI) were then calculated. The C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at admission, synovial fluid indicators, leukocyte esterase test results, intraoperative histological results, and tissue or synovial fluid culture results were recorded. According to the modified Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria, patients were divided into the PJI group and the non-PJI group. These blood indicators were then analyzed for the diagnosis of PJI.Results: The PJI group included 18 patients, and the non-PJI group included 44 patients. The diagnostic value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was low for lCD64MFI, the nCD64 index, and the mCD64 index. The diagnostic value for nCD64MFI was moderate, with an AUC of 0.735 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.595 to 0.874; p = 0.004). The diagnostic value for mCD64MFI was high, with an AUC of 0.898 (95% CI, 0.821 to 0.975; p < 0.001). The cutoff value for mCD64MFI was 28,968, with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 1, 0.75, 0.62, and 1, respectively. This result was confirmed by internal validation with a different antibody.Conclusions: Flow cytometry can be used for patient screening before revision surgery, and blood mCD64MFI is a promising indicator for PJI.Level Of Evidence: Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the mechanism of dry reforming of methane (DRM) over a series of CeO 2 (111)-supported transition metal (TM) clusters, TM 4 /CeO 2 (111) (TM = Ru, Pt, Co, Ni), was investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic modeling. According to the results of DFT calculations, Ru 4 /CeO 2 (111) and Co 4 /CeO 2 (111) exhibit strong oxygen adsorption capabilities due to the oxophilic properties of Ru and Co metals, which facilitate CO 2 activation more effectively than other metals. Ru 4 /CeO 2 (111) demonstrates the highest efficiency for both CH 4 and CO 2 activation. Pt 4 /CeO 2 (111) has great anticoking ability because the C* coupling has a higher energy barrier. Microkinetic simulations indicate that the turnover frequency (TOF) rate follows the trend: Ru 4 /CeO 2 (111) > Pt 4 / CeO 2 (111) > Co 4 /CeO 2 (111) > Ni 4 / CeO 2 (111). Ru/CeO 2 exhibits the highest activity and selectivity. Pt/CeO 2 has the best ability for anticoking due to the high energy barrier of C* coupling. Co/CeO 2 is prone to deactivation from oxygen poisoning, attributed to its strong oxophilic properties and weak CH 4 activation ability, Ni/CeO 2 shows the poorest activity and stability, as it is easily deactivated by coke formation and has the lowest selectivity. The analysis of key steps indicates that there are different rate-controlled steps for various metals due to inherent differences in their properties. We anticipate that our results will offer a strategy for designing DRM catalysts by selecting the appropriate metal catalysts.

Background: Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most prevalent form. Despite the current availability of multiple immune or immune combination treatment options, the prognosis is still poor, so how to identify a more suitable population is extremely important., Aim: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of combining lenvatinib with camrelizumab for patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages B/C, considering various body mass index (BMI) in different categories., Methods: Retrospective data were collected from 126 HCC patients treated with lenvatinib plus camrelizumab. Patients were divided into two groups based on BMI: The non-overweight group (BMI < 25 kg/m 2 , n = 51) and the overweight/obese group (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 , n = 75). Short-term prognosis was evaluated using mRECIST criteria, with subgroup analyses for non-overweight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ), overweight (BMI: 25-30 kg/m 2 ), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) patients. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), leading to the development of a column-line graph model., Results: Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the obese/overweight group compared to the non-overweight group. Similarly, the median OS was significantly prolonged in the obese/overweight group than in the non-overweight group. The objective remission rate and disease control rate for the two groups of patients were, respectively, objective remission rate (5.88% vs 28.00%) and disease control rate (39.22% vs 62.67%). Fatigue was more prevalent in the obese/overweight group, while other adverse effects showed no statistically significant differences ( P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis based on BMI showed that obese and overweight patients had better progression-free survival and OS than non-overweight patients, with obese patients showing the best outcomes. Multifactorial regression analysis identified BCLC grade, alpha-fetoprotein level, portal vein tumor thrombosis, and BMI as independent prognostic factors for OS. The column-line graph model highlighted the importance of BMI as a major predictor of patient prognosis, followed by alpha-fetoprotein level, BCLC classification, and portal vein tumor thrombosis., Conclusion: BMI is a long-term predictor of the efficacy of lenvatinib plus camrelizumab, and obese/overweight patients have a better prognosis., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Computed tomography (CT) examination is the major measure for detecting and diagnosis of foreign bodies in human body. Although CT has high sensitivity in diagnosis of foreign body, some interference factors may still lead to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Here we report a rare case that a bamboo stick accidentally pierced into the left chest of a young man who was drunk and unware of this hurt. The patient experienced cough, chest pain, fever, hemoptysis, and was misdiagnosed as primary and secondary tuberculosis based on chest CT examinations at a local hospital, although no tubercular bacillus detected by sputum smear. He subsequently received anti-tuberculous treatments in the following three years, but no improvement of his symptoms was observed. Until one month before his death, the bamboo stick was detected by spiral CT examination as well as three-dimensional image reconstruction at another hospital. Postmortem examination revealed pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, and abscess as the causes of his death. We analyze the potential reasons of misdiagnosis in this case, aiming to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary inflammation associated with foreign body in the future.

Objective: This study investigated complementary feeding practices among four ethnic groups (Han, Uygur, Tibetan, and Zhuang) based on a cross-sectional survey in rural western China., Methods: In 2005, a stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 9712 children (7411 Han, 1032 Uygur, 678 Tibetan, and 591 Zhuang) between 6 and 35 months of age and their mothers from 45 counties in 10 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in western China., Results: The rates of early introduction (before 6 months) of complementary foods in four ethnic groups (Han, Uygur, Tibetan, and Zhuang) were 71.30%, 95.95%, 82.40%, and 72.30%, respectively. The Infant and Child Feeding Index (ICFI) for Uygur and Tibetan children was lower than that for Han children at all age groups. Uygur children were more likely to have unqualified ICFI compared with Han children in a multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio (OR)=5.138, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.340-6.084). A higher level of maternal education, greater family wealth, and the availability of complementary feeding educational materials decreased the likelihood of an unqualified ICFI. The nutritional status of children (Han, Tibetan, and Zhuang) with qualified ICFI was better than that for children with unqualified ICFI., Conclusions: Appropriate interventions are required to improve complementary feeding practices in rural western China.

Objective: To explore the ethnic differences on nutritional status of children under three years old, in the western areas of China and to identify the affecting factors., Methods: 14 072 children under the age of three years and their mothers were recruited, using the proportion population sampling method in 45 counties in the western areas of China. Height and weight were used as the measurement on nutrition of children., Results: Height and weight of children with Han, Uyghur, Tibetan and Zhuang ethnicities were all lower than the WHO standards and with differences on height and weight among them. There were also ethnic differences on the status of malnutrition. Prevalence rates of stunting were 14.7%, 20.3%, 26.9% and 26.5% for Han, Uyghur, Tibetan and Zhuang ethnicities, respectively. Prevalence rates of underweight were 6.1%, 10.7%, 6.8% and 15.5% among the Han, Uyghur, Tibetan and Zhuang ethnicities, respectively. The prevalence rates of wasting were 4.2%, 5.3%, 2.9%, 8.9%, and of under nutrition were 19.2%, 25.5%, 30.3% and 36.5% for the Han, the Uyghur, the Tibetan and the Zhuang ethnicities, respectively. When factors as family size, years of schooling of parents, family numbers, sex, age (months), mother's height and weight, ways of feeding and sources of family income etc. were adjusted, children with Uyghur, Tibetan, Zhuang and other ethnicities were still presented more malnutrition than the children with Han ethnicity., Conclusion: There were differences on malnutrition status of children under the age of three years among the studies on different ethnicities. Undernutrition was less than nutritional status, seen in children of the Han nationality than other minority ethnicities. Ethnicity seemed to be related to differences in the nutritional status of children in western China while children of the Han nationality would be better than other minorities on nutritional status if they were in same living conditional.