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1. Search for Solar Boosted Dark Matter Particles at the PandaX-4T Experiment

Author

Shen, Guofang, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, Zhou, Zhizhen, An, Haipeng, and Nie, Haoming

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present a novel constraint on light dark matter utilizing $1.54$ tonne$\cdot$year of data acquired from the PandaX-4T dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. This constraint is derived through detecting electronic recoil signals resulting from the interaction with solar-enhanced dark matter flux. Low-mass dark matter particles, lighter than a few MeV/$c^2$, can scatter with the thermal electrons in the Sun. Consequently, with higher kinetic energy, the boosted dark matter component becomes detectable via contact scattering with xenon electrons, resulting in a few keV energy deposition that exceeds the threshold of PandaX-4T. We calculate the expected recoil energy in PandaX-4T considering the Sun's acceleration and the detection capabilities of the xenon detector. The first experimental search results using the xenon detector yield the most stringent cross-section of $3.51 \times 10^{-39}~\mathrm{cm}^2$ at $0.08~\mathrm{MeV}$/$c^2$ for a solar boosted dark matter mass ranging from $0.02$ to $10~ \mathrm{MeV}$/$c^2$, achieving a 23 fold improvement compared with earlier experimental studies.

Published
2024

2. Searching for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of $^{136}$Xe with PandaX-4T

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Zhang, Shu, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe from the PandaX-4T experiment with a 3.7-tonne natural xenon target. The data reconstruction and the background modeling are optimized in the MeV energy region. A blind analysis is performed with data from the commissioning run and the first science run. No significant excess of signal over the background is observed. A lower limit on the half-life of $^{136}$Xe neutrinoless double-beta decay is established to be $2.1 \times 10^{24}$~yr at the 90\% confidence level, with a $^{136}$Xe exposure of 44.6~kg$\cdot$year. Our result represents the most stringent constraint from a natural xenon detector to date., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables

Published
2024

3. A Novel Low-Background Photomultiplier Tube Developed for Xenon Based Detectors

Author

Yun, Youhui, Zhou, Zhizhen, An, Baoguo, Gao, Zhixing, Han, Ke, Liu, Jianglai, Liang, Yuanzi, Liu, Yang, Meng, Yue, Qian, Zhicheng, Shang, Xiaofeng, Si, Lin, Song, Ziyan, Wang, Hao, Wang, Mingxin, Wang, Shaobo, Wu, Liangyu, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yuan, Zhe, Zhang, Tao, Zhao, Qiang, and Zeng, Xinning

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are essential in xenon detectors like PandaX, LZ, and XENON experiments for dark matter searches and neutrino properties measurement. To minimize PMT-induced backgrounds, stringent requirements on PMT radioactivity are crucial. A novel 2-inch low-background R12699 PMT has been developed through a collaboration between the PandaX team and Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. corporation. Radioactivity measurements conducted with a high-purity germanium detector show levels of approximately 0.08 mBq/PMT for $\rm^{60}Co$ and 0.06~mBq/PMT for the $\rm^{238}U$ late chain, achieving a 15-fold reduction compared to R11410 PMT used in PandaX-4T. The radon emanation rate is below 3.2 $\rm \mu$Bq/PMT (@90\% confidence level), while the surface $\rm^{210}Po$ activity is less than 18.4 $\mu$Bq/cm$^2$. The electrical performance of these PMTs at cryogenic temperature was evaluated. With an optimized voltage distribution, the gain was enhanced by 30\%, achieving an average gain of $4.23 \times 10^6$ at -1000~V and -100~$^{\circ}$C. The dark count rate averaged 2.5~Hz per channel. Compactness, low radioactivity, and robust electrical performance in the cryogenic temperature make the R12699 PMT ideal for next-generation liquid xenon detectors and other rare event searches.

Published
2024

4. Measurement of two-neutrino double electron capture half-life of $^{124}$Xe with PandaX-4T

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Detailed studies of two-neutrino double electron capture (2$\nu$DEC) is a crucial step towards searching for the neutrino-less mode to explore the Majorana nature of neutrinos. We have measured precisely the half-life of the 2$\nu$DEC process in $^{124}$Xe, utilizing a total exposure of 1.73 tonne$\cdot$year from the commissioning run and the first science run of the PandaX-4T experiment. A time-dependent background model in the $\mathcal{O}$(10 keV) energy is constructed for the first time in PandaX-4T data. With an unbinned maximum likelihood fit, we determine the half-life of the 2$\nu$DEC process to be $(1.03\pm0.15_{\rm stat}\pm0.06_{\rm sys})\times 10^{22}$$\,$yr. Furthermore, we have evaluated the branching ratio for both electrons captured from the $K$ shell ($KK$) to be $(65\pm5)\%$, which aligns with the $^{124}$Xe nuclear model calculations within 1.5$\,$$\sigma$., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables

Published
2024

5. Customized calibration sources in the JUNO experiment

Author

Takenaka, Akira, Hui, Jiaqi, Li, Rui, Hao, Shuhua, Huang, Junting, Lai, Haojing, Li, Yuan, Liu, Jianglai, Meng, Yue, Qian, Zhicheng, Wang, Hao, Xiang, Ziqian, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zhang, Feiyang, Zhang, Tao, and Zhang, Yuanyuan

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We customized a laser calibration system and four radioactive $\gamma$-ray calibration sources for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20-kton liquid scintillator-based neutrino detector. The laser source system was updated to realize the isotropic light emission timing within $\pm0.25$~nsec level and to allow the tuning of the laser intensity covering more than four orders of magnitude. In addition, methods to prepare four different radioactive sources ($^{18}{\rm F}$, $^{40}{\rm K}$, $^{226}{\rm Ra}$, and $^{241}{\rm Am}$), covering energies from O(10)~keV to O(1)~MeV, for the JUNO detector were established in this study. The radioactivity of each source and the risk of impurities leaking into the detector from the source were confirmed to meet the experimental requirements., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures

Published
2024
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6. Searching for MeV-scale Axion-like Particles and Dark Photons with PandaX-4T

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Li, Tao, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, He, Ke HanChangda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Axion-like particles (ALPs) and dark photons (DPs) are viable dark matter particle candidates. We have searched for possible ALP/DP signals in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector using 94.8 days of data. A binned likelihood fit is constructed to search for possible mono-energetic peaks induced by the absorption processes between ALPs/DPs and atomic electrons of xenon. A detailed temporal model of decays associated with xenon isotopes is introduced to constrain the number of background events. No signal excess over background expectations is observed, and we have established the most stringent exclusion limits for most ALP/DP masses ranging from 150 keV/$c^2$ to 1 MeV/$c^2$.

Published
2024

7. Exploring New Physics with PandaX-4T Low Energy Electronic Recoil Data

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Zeng, Xinning, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, He, Ke HanChangda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

New particles beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, such as axions, can be effectively searched through their interactions with electrons. We use the large liquid xenon detector PandaX-4T to search for novel electronic recoil signals induced by solar axions, neutrinos with anomalous magnetic moment, axion-like particles, dark photons, and light fermionic dark matter. A detailed background model is established with the latest datasets with 1.54 $\rm tonne \cdot year$ exposure. No significant excess above the background has been observed, and we have obtained competitive constraints for axion couplings, neutrino magnetic moment, and fermionic dark matter interactions.

Published
2024

8. Dark Matter Search Results from 1.54 Tonne$\cdot$Year Exposure of PandaX-4T

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In this letter, we report the dark matter search results from the commissioning run and the first science run of the PandaX-4T experiment. A blind analysis is carried out on the entire data set. The data processing is improved compared to previous work, unifying the low-level signal reconstruction in a wide energy range up to 120 keV. With a total exposure of 1.54 tonne$\cdot$year, no significant excess of nuclear recoil events is found. The lowest 90% confidence level exclusion on the spin-independent cross section is $1.6 \times 10^{-47} \mathrm{cm}^2$ at a dark matter mass of 40 GeV$/c^2$. Our results represent the most stringent constraint for a dark matter mass above 100 GeV$/c^2$.

Published
2024

9. Sensitivity analysis of gamma spectroscopy system with dual high-purity germanium detectors

Author

YAO Yukun, ZHANG Tao, CHENG Chen, SHEN Xun, LIU Jianglai, MENG Yue, QIAN Zhicheng, SI Lin, WANG Siguang, and WU Mengmeng

Subjects
dual hpge detectors, ultra-low background technique, rare decay experiment, deep underground laboratory, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

BackgroundIn rare decay experiments, for instance dark matter and neutrino experiments, rays produced by the radioavtive decay in detector material induce extra experiment background, the energy deposition would contaminate the concerned region. Accurately measuring radioactivity of detector materials, better understanding background source, and controlling experimental background are extremely important to improve sensitivity for those detections. With high energy resolution, flexibility for sample geometry and non-destructive processing for samples, high-purity germanium (HPGe) γ spectroscopy is a widely used ultra-low radioactive technology. The PandaX collaboration set up two high-purity germanium γ spectroscopies, so-call JP1 and JP2, in Jinping underground laboratory.PurposeThis study aims to improve the sensitivity of γ spectroscopies, precisely measure materials with lower radioactivity and screen lower radioactive material for dark matter and neutrino experiments by designing a gamma spectroscopy system with dual high-purity germanium detectors based on the existing JP1.MethodsTwo approaches, i.e., enhancing efficiency and suppressing background were adopted to improve the sensitivity of both HPGe detectors, and the Monto Carlo method was employed to analyze the efficiency and background source of JP1, hence the improved result of dual high-purity germanium detectors was estimated.ResultsFor different nuclides concerned in dark matter and neutrino experiments, the minimum detectable activity of dual high-purity germanium γ spectroscopy system is expected to improve by factor of 2~4. This new system can also measure the radioactivity with γ-γ coincidence method to improve the sensitivity for small size samples.ConclusionsDual high-purity germanium γ spectroscopy can improve sensitivity of factor 2~4 and apply to developing a new γ-γ coincidence method.

Published
2022
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10. First Indication of Solar $^8$B Neutrino Flux through Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering in PandaX-4T

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Gao, Zhixing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Houqi, Huang, Junting, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ji, Xiangpan, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Li, Zhiyuan, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shan, Dong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Guanbo, Wang, Hao, Wang, Jiamin, Wang, Lei, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Xu, Yifan, Yao, Shunyu, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Ye, Peihua, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Jiaxu, Zhou, Jiayi, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory is used to measure the solar $^8$B neutrino flux by detecting neutrinos through coherent scattering with xenon nuclei. Data samples requiring the coincidence of scintillation and ionization signals (paired), as well as unpaired ionization-only signals (US2), are selected with energy threshold of approximately 1.1 keV (0.33 keV) nuclear recoil energy. Combining the commissioning run and the first science run of PandaX-4T, a total exposure of 1.20 and 1.04 tonne$\cdot$year are collected for the paired and US2, respectively. After unblinding, 3 and 332 events are observed with an expectation of 2.8$\pm$0.5 and 251$\pm$32 background events, for the paired and US2 data, respectively. A combined analysis yields a best-fit $^8$B neutrino signal of 3.5 (75) events from the paired (US2) data sample, with $\sim$37\% uncertainty, and the background-only hypothesis is disfavored at 2.64$\sigma$ significance. This gives a solar $^8$B neutrino flux of ($8.4\pm3.1$)$\times$10$^6$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, consistent with the standard solar model prediction. It is also the first indication of solar $^8$B neutrino ``fog'' in a dark matter direct detection experiment., Comment: Accepted by Physical Review Letters

Published
2024

11. Search for Cosmic-ray Boosted Sub-MeV Dark-Matter-Electron Scattering in PandaX-4T

Author

Shang, Xiaofeng, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, Zhou, Zhizhen, Ge, Shao-Feng, and Xia, Chen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report the first search for the elastic scatterings between cosmic-ray boosted sub-MeV dark matter and electrons in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. Sub-MeV dark matter particles can be accelerated by scattering with electrons in the cosmic rays and produce detectable electron recoil signals in the detector. Using the commissioning data from PandaX-4T of 0.63~tonne$\cdot$year exposure, we set new constraints on DM-electron scattering cross sections for DM masses ranging from 10~eV/$c^2$ to 3~keV/$c^2$., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024
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12. Detecting Neutrinos from Supernova Bursts in PandaX-4T

Author

Pang, Binyu, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae are essential for the understanding of neutrino physics and stellar evolution. The dual-phase xenon dark matter detectors can provide a way to track explosions of galactic supernovae by detecting neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scatterings. In this study, a variation of progenitor masses as well as explosion models are assumed to predict the neutrino fluxes and spectra, which result in the number of expected neutrino events ranging from 6.6 to 13.7 at a distance of 10 kpc over a 10-second duration with negligible backgrounds at PandaX-4T. Two specialized triggering alarms for monitoring supernova burst neutrinos are built. The efficiency of detecting supernova explosions at various distances in the Milky Way is estimated. These alarms will be implemented in the real-time supernova monitoring system at PandaX-4T in the near future, providing the astronomical communities with supernova early warnings., Comment: 9 pages,6 figures

Published
2024

13. Signal Response Model in PandaX-4T

Author

Luo, Yunyang, Bo, Zihao, Zhang, Shibo, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Cheng, Chen, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

PandaX-4T experiment is a deep-underground dark matter direct search experiment that employs a dual-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive volume containing 3.7 tonne of liquid xenon. The detector of PandaX-4T is capable of simultaneously collecting the primary scintillation and ionization signals, utilizing their ratio to discriminate dark matter signals from background sources such as gamma rays and beta particles. The signal response model plays a crucial role in interpreting the data obtained by PandaX-4T. It describes the conversion from the deposited energy by dark matter interactions to the detectable signals within the detector. The signal response model is utilized in various PandaX-4T results. This work provides a comprehensive description of the procedures involved in constructing and parameter-fitting the signal response model for the energy range of approximately 1 keV to 25 keV for electronic recoils and 6 keV to 90 keV for nuclear recoils. It also covers the signal reconstruction, selection, and correction methods, which are crucial components integrated into the signal response model.

Published
2024

14. PandaX-xT: a Multi-ten-tonne Liquid Xenon Observatory at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xunan, Guo, Xuyuan, Guo, Zhichao, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We propose a major upgrade to the existing PandaX-4T experiment in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The new experiment, PandaX-xT, will be a multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon, ultra-low background, and general-purpose observatory. The full-scaled PandaX-xT contains a 43-tonne liquid xenon active target. Such an experiment will significantly advance our fundamental understanding of particle physics and astrophysics. The sensitivity of dark matter direct detection will be improved by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the current best limits, approaching the so-called "neutrino floor" for a dark matter mass above 10 GeV/$c^2$, providing a decisive test to the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle paradigm. By searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe isotope in the detector, the effective Majorana neutrino mass can be measured to a [10 -- 41] meV/$c^2$ sensitivity, providing a key test to the Dirac/Majorana nature of neutrino s. Astrophysical neutrinos and other ultra-rare interactions can also be measured and searched for with an unprecedented background level, opening up new windows of discovery. Depending on the findings, PandaX-xT will seek the next stage upgrade utilizing isotopic separation on natural xenon., Comment: version as published on SCPMA

Published
2024
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15. Measurement of Solar $pp$ Neutrino Flux using Electron Recoil Data from PandaX-4T Commissioning Run

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Lu, Xiaoying, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Shen, Manbin, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Xu, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Wu, Yuan, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xiong, Kaizhi, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Yun, Youhui, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yubo, and Zhou, Zhizhen

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The proton-proton ($pp$) fusion chain dominates the neutrino production from the Sun. The uncertainty of the predicted $pp$ neutrino flux is at the sub-percent level, whereas that of the best measurement is $\mathcal{O}(10\%)$. In this paper, we present the first result to measure the solar $pp$ neutrinos in the electron recoil energy range from 24 to 144 keV, using the PandaX-4T commissioning data with 0.63 tonne$\times$year exposure. The $pp$ neutrino flux is determined to be $(8.0 \pm 3.9 \,{\rm{(stat)}} \pm 10.0 \,{\rm{(syst)}} )\times 10^{10}\, $$\rm{s}^{-1} \rm{cm}^{-2}$, consistent with Standard Solar Model and existing measurements, corresponding to a flux upper limit of $23.3\times 10^{10}\, $$\rm{s}^{-1} \rm{cm}^{-2}$ at 90\% C.L.., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

16. Searching for Two-Neutrino and Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of $^{134}$Xe with the PandaX-4T Experiment

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Yan, Xiyu, Cheng, Zhaokan, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Cheng, Chen, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Lu, Congcong, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

$^{134}$Xe is a candidate isotope for neutrinoless double beta decay~($0\nu\beta\beta$) search. In addition, the two-neutrino case ($2\nu\beta\beta$) allowed by the Standard Model of particle physics has not yet been observed. Utilizing the 10.4% of $^{134}$Xe in the natural xenon in the PandaX-4T detector and its first 94.9-day exposure, we have established the most stringent constraints on $2\nu\beta\beta$ and $0\nu\beta\beta$ of $^{134}$Xe half-lives, with limits of $2.8\times10^{22}$ yr and $3.0\times10^{23}$ yr at 90% confidence level, respectively. The $2\nu\beta\beta$ ($0\nu\beta\beta$) limit surpasses the previously reported best result by a factor of 32 (2.7), highlighting the potential of large monolithic natural xenon detectors.

Published
2023
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17. Waveform Simulation in PandaX-4T

Author

Li, Jiafu, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Cheng, Chen, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Signal reconstruction through software processing is a crucial component of the background and signal models in the PandaX-4T experiment, which is a multi-tonne dark matter direct search experiment. The accuracy of signal reconstruction is influenced by various detector artifacts, including noise, dark count of photomultiplier, impurity photoionization in the detector, and other relevant considerations. In this study, we present a detailed description of a semi-data-driven approach designed to simulate the signal waveform. This work provides a reliable model for the efficiency and bias of the signal reconstruction in the data analysis of PandaX-4T. By comparing critical variables which relate to the temporal shape and hit pattern of the signals, we demonstrate a good agreement between the simulation and data.

Published
2023
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18. Investigation of radioactive radon daughters removal methods from copper surface

Author

FU Mengting, WANG Siguang, CHENG Chen, MENG Yue, QIAN Zhicheng, NING Xuyang, SI Lin, WU Mengmeng, and YAO Yukun

Subjects
copper, radon daughters, α detector, pickling and passivation, icp-ms, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

BackgroundCopper is one of materials often used in rare decay experiments due to its low intrinsic radioactivity. During the installation and assembly of detectors, copper parts may be exposed to air-born radon, therefore the decay daughters of radon (210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po) will be deposited on copper surfaces, and their α, β and γ decays will result in the increase of the experimental radioactive background.PurposeThis study aims to suppress this background by carefully cleaning the radioisotopes on copper surface.MethodsFirst of all, eight pickling recipes were used to test the efficacy of 210Po removal from copper surfaces. Copper test samples were prepared by exposing to high concentration radon gas environment. Then, counting rates of deposited 210Po on copper surfaces were measured by an alpha detector before and after cleaning for the calculation of 210Po removal efficiency. The relationship between removal efficiencies and concentration of pickling cocktails were investigated and pickling recipe with the highest removal efficiency was obtained. Finally, with the highest removal efficiency pickling cocktail, the radioactivity of 232Th/238U on copper surface was measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to estimate the radioactive contamination level in passivation layer.ResultsMixing 5% C6H8O7 and 8% H2O2 as pickling solution can remove 99% of 210Po, and 232Th/238U concentration in passivation layer is less than ng·g-1 level.ConclusionsThis best pickling recipe found by this study can be used in rare decay experiments to remove radon daughters (210Po) from copper surfaces to suppress the background induced by radon daughters.

Published
2021
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19. Search for Dark-Matter-Nucleon Interactions with a Dark Mediator in PandaX-4T

Author

Huang, Di, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, Huo, Ran, and Yu, Hai-Bo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report results of a search for dark-matter-nucleon interactions via a dark mediator using optimized low-energy data from the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. With the ionization-signal-only data and utilizing the Migdal effect, we set the most stringent limits on the cross section for dark matter masses ranging from 30~$\rm{MeV/c^2}$ to 2~$\rm{GeV/c^2}$. Under the assumption that the dark mediator is a dark photon that decays into scalar dark matter pairs in the early Universe, we rule out significant parameter space of such thermal relic dark-matter model., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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20. Search for light dark matter from atmosphere in PandaX-4T

Author

Ning, Xuyang, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, Su, Liangliang, and Wu, Lei

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report a search for light dark matter produced through the cascading decay of $\eta$ mesons, which are created as a result of inelastic collisions between cosmic rays and Earth's atmosphere. We introduce a new and general framework, publicly accessible, designed to address boosted dark matter specifically, with which a full and dedicated simulation including both elastic and quasi-elastic processes of Earth attenuation effect on the dark matter particles arriving at the detector is performed. In the PandaX-4T commissioning data of 0.63 tonne$\cdot$year exposure, no significant excess over background is observed. The first constraints on the interaction between light dark matter generated in the atmosphere and nucleus through a light scalar mediator are obtained. The lowest excluded cross-section is set at $5.9 \times 10^{-37}{\rm cm^2}$ for dark matter mass of $0.1$ MeV$/c^2$ and mediator mass of 300 MeV$/c^2$. The lowest upper limit of $\eta$ to dark matter decay branching ratio is $1.6 \times 10^{-7}$., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023
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21. Constraints on the axial-vector and pseudo-scalar mediated WIMP-nucleus interactions from PandaX-4T experiment

Author

Huang, Zhou, Han, Chencheng, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present the constraints on the axial-vector and pseudo-scalar mediated WIMP-nucleus interactions from the PandaX-4T experiment, using the data set corresponding to a total exposure of 0.63~tonne$\cdot$year. No significant signal excess is observed, and the most stringent upper limits to date on the spin-dependent WIMP-neutron scattering cross section are set at 90\% confidence level with the minimum WIMP-neutron scattering cross section of 5.8$\times 10^{-42}$\si{\cm^{2}} for WIMP mass of 40~\si{\GeV/}$c^2$. Exclusion limits on the axial-vector and pseudo-scalar simplified models are also derived.

Published
2022
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23. A First Search for Solar $^8$B Neutrino in the PandaX-4T Experiment using Neutrino-Nucleus Coherent Scattering

Author

Ma, Wenbo, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Cheng, Chen, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A search for interactions from solar $^8$B neutrinos elastically scattering off xenon nuclei using PandaX-4T commissioning data is reported. The energy threshold of this search is further lowered compared with the previous search for dark matter, with various techniques utilized to suppress the background that emerges from data with the lowered threshold. A blind analysis is performed on the data with an effective exposure of 0.48 tonne$\cdot$year, and no significant excess of events is observed. Among results obtained using the neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering, our results give the best constraint on the solar $^8$B neutrino flux. We further provide a more stringent limit on the cross section between dark matter and nucleon in the mass range from 3 to 9 GeV/c$^2$., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022
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24. Neutron-induced nuclear recoil background in the PandaX-4T experiment

Author

Huang, Zhou, Shen, Guofang, Wang, Qiuhong, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Yunshan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Changsong, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Tao, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, and Zhou, Yong

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Neutron-induced nuclear recoil background is critical to the dark matter searches in the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. This paper studies the feature of neutron background in liquid xenon and evaluates their contribution in the single scattering nuclear recoil events through three methods. The first method is fully Monte Carlo simulation based. The last two are data-driven methods that also use the multiple scattering signals and high energy signals in the data, respectively. In the PandaX-4T commissioning data with an exposure of 0.63 tonne-year, all these methods give a consistent result that there are $1.15\pm0.57$ neutron-induced background in dark matter signal region within an approximated nuclear recoil energy window between 5 and 100 keV., Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables

Published
2022
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25. A Search for Light Fermionic Dark Matter Absorption on Electrons in PandaX-4T

Author

Zhang, Dan, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, Ge, Shao-Feng, He, Xiao-Gang, Ma, Xiao-Dong, and Sheng, Jie

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report a search on a sub-MeV fermionic dark matter absorbed by electrons with an outgoing active neutrino using the 0.63 tonne-year exposure collected by PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. No significant signals are observed over the expected background. The data are interpreted into limits to the effective couplings between such dark matter and electrons. For axial-vector or vector interactions, our sensitivity is competitive in comparison to existing astrophysical bounds on the decay of such dark matter into photon final states. In particular, we present the first direct detection limits for an axial-vector (vector) interaction which are the strongest in the mass range from 25 to 45 (35 to 50) keV/c$^2$.

Published
2022
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26. First search for the absorption of fermionic dark matter with the PandaX-4T experiment

Author

Gu, Linhui, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Yunshan, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Compared with the signature of dark matter elastic scattering off nuclei, the absorption of fermionic dark matter by nuclei opens up a new searching channel for light dark matter with a characteristic monoenergetic signal. In this Letter, we explore the $95.0$-day data from the PandaX-4T commissioning run and report the first dedicated searching results of the fermionic dark matter absorption signal through a neutral current process. No significant signal was found, and the lowest limit on the dark matter-nucleon interaction cross section is set to be $1.5\times10^{-50}$ cm$^2$ for a fermionic dark matter mass of $40$ MeV/$c^2$ with 90\% confidence level., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures

Published
2022
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27. Measurement of Double Beta Decay Half-life of $^{136}$Xe with the PandaX-4T Detector

Author

PandaX Collaboration, Si, Lin, Cheng, Zhaokan, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Yunshan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shen, Guofang, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, and Zhou, Yong

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Precise measurement of two-neutrino double beta decay (DBD) half-life is an important step for the searches of Majorana neutrinos with neutrinoless double beta decay. We report the measurement of DBD half-life of $^{136}$Xe using the PandaX-4T dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with 3.7-tonne natural xenon and the first 94.9-day physics data release. The background model in the fiducial volume is well constrained in situ by events in the outer active region. With a $^{136}$Xe exposure of 15.5 kg-year, we establish the half-life as $2.27 \pm 0.03 (stat.)\pm 0.10 (syst.)\times 10^{21}$ years. This is the first DBD half-life measurement with natural xenon and demonstrates the physics capability of a large-scale liquid xenon TPC in the field of rare event searches., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022
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28. A search for two-component Majorana dark matter in a simplified model using the full exposure data of PandaX-II experiment

Author

Yuan, Ying, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Shaheed, Nasir, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Tao, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, and Zhou, Yong

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In the two-component Majorana dark matter model, one dark matter particle can scatter off the target nuclei, and turn into a slightly heavier component. In the framework of a simplified model with a vector boson mediator, both the tree-level and loop-level processes contribute to the signal in direct detection experiment. In this paper, we report the search results for such dark matter from PandaX-II experiment, using total data of the full 100.7 tonne$\cdot$day exposure. No significant excess is observed, so strong constraints on the combined parameter space of mediator mass and dark matter mass are derived. With the complementary search results from collider experiments, a large range of parameter space can be excluded.

Published
2022
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30. A Search for the Cosmic Ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter at the PandaX-II Experiment

Author

Cui, Xiangyi, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Yunshan, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Shaheed, Nasir, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Zhou, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Tao, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, and Zhou, Yong

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report a novel search for the cosmic ray boosted dark matter using the 100~tonne$\cdot$day full data set of the PandaX-II detector located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. With the extra energy gained from the cosmic rays, sub-GeV dark matter particles can produce visible recoil signals in the detector. The diurnal modulations in rate and energy spectrum are utilized to further enhance the signal sensitivity. Our result excludes the dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross section between 10$^{-31}$cm$^{2}$ and 10$^{-28}$cm$^{2}$ for a dark matter masses from 0.1 MeV/$c^2$ to 0.1 GeV/$c^2$, with a large parameter space previously unexplored by experimental collaborations., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. New constraints adopted a CRDM energy cutoff at 0.2 GeV, and some uncertainties from the cosmic ray propagation model and dark matter density are studied

Published
2021
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31. Low Radioactive Material Screening and Background Control for the PandaX-4T Experiment

Author

Qian, Zhicheng, Si, Lin, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Yunshan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Changsong, Shen, Guofang, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Tao, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, and Zhou, Yong

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

PandaX-4T is a ton-scale dark matter direct detection experiment using a dual-phase TPC technique at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Various ultra-low background technologies have been developed and applied to material screening for PandaX-4T, including HPGe gamma spectroscopy, ICP-MS, NAA, radon emanation measurement system, krypton assay station, and alpha detection system. Low background materials were selected to assemble the detector. Surface treatment procedures were investigated to further suppress radioactive background. Combining measured results and Monte Carlo simulation, the total material background rates of PandaX-4T in the energy region of 1-25 keV$\rm{}_{ee}$ are estimated to be (9.9 $\pm$ 1.9) $\times \ 10^{-3}$ mDRU for electron recoil and (2.8 $\pm$ 0.6) $\times \ 10^{-4}$ mDRU for nuclear recoil. In addition, $^{nat}$Kr in the detector is estimated to be <8 ppt., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, 12 tables

Published
2021
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32. Light yield and field dependence measurement in PandaX-II dual-phase xenon detector

Author

Huang, Zhou, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Yunshan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Shaheed, Nasir, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Tao, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, and Zhou, Yong

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) is one of the most sensitive detector technology for dark matter direct search, where the energy deposition of incoming particle can be converted into photons and electrons through xenon excitation and ionization. The detector response to signal energy deposition varies significantly with the electric field in liquid xenon. We study the detector's light yield and its dependence on the electric field in the PandaX-II dual-phase detector containing 580~kg liquid xenon in the sensitive volume. From our measurements, the light yield at electric fields from 0~V/cm to 317~V/cm is obtained for energy depositions up to 236~keV.

Published
2021
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34. Dark Matter Search Results from the PandaX-4T Commissioning Run

Author

Meng, Yue, Wang, Zhou, Tao, Yi, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Yunshan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Tao, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, and Zhou, Yong

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report the first dark matter search results using the commissioning data from PandaX-4T. Using a time projection chamber with 3.7-tonne of liquid xenon target and an exposure of 0.63 tonne$\cdot$year, 1058 candidate events are identified within an approximate nuclear recoil energy window between 5 and 100 keV. No significant excess over background is observed. Our data set a stringent limit to the dark matter-nucleon spin-independent interactions, with a lowest excluded cross section (90% C.L.) of $3.8\times10^{-47} $cm$^2$ at a dark matter mass of 30 GeV/$c^2$., Comment: proof draft as PRL

Published
2021
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35. BambooMC -- A Geant4-based simulation program for the PandaX experiments

Author

Chen, Xun, Cheng, Chen, Fu, Mengting, Giuliani, Franco, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Ji, Xiangdong, Qian, Zhicheng, Qiao, Hao, Wang, Qiuhong, Xia, Jingkai, Xie, Pengwei, Yao, Yukun, and Zhang, Hongguang

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The purpose of the PandaX experiments is to search for the possible events resulted from dark matter particles, neutrinoless double beta decay or other rare processes with xenon detectors. Understanding the energy depositions from backgrounds or calibration sources in these detectors is very important. The program of BambooMC is created to perform the Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation, providing reference information for the experiments. We introduce the design and features of BambooMC in this report. The running of the program depends on a configuration file, which combines different detectors, event generators, physics lists and analysis packs together in one simulation. The program can be easily extended and applied to other experiments., Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures

Published
2021
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41. Low radioactive material screening and background control for the PandaX-4T experiment

Author

Qian, Zhicheng, Si, Lin, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Yunshan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Changsong, Shen, Guofang, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Tao, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, and Zhou, Yong

Published
2022
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44. A Measurement of Solar $pp$ Neutrino Flux using PandaX-4T Electron Recoil Data

Author

Lu, Xiaoying, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, Lu, Xiaoying, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Junting, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Hou, Yu, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shuaijie, Li, Tao, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Congcong, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Pang, Binyu, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shao, Xiyuan, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Abstract

The proton-proton ($pp$) fusion chain dominates the neutrino production from the Sun. The uncertainty of the predicted $pp$ neutrino flux is at the sub-percent level, whereas that of the best measurement is $\mathcal{O}(10\%)$. Furthermore, no direct measurement has been made via electron scattering below 165~keV recoil energy. Using the PandaX-4T commissioning data with 0.63 tonne$\times$year of exposure, we perform the first measurement of solar $pp$ neutrinos in the recoil energy range from 24 to 144 keV. The $pp$ neutrino flux is measured to be $(10.3 \pm 3.7 \,{\rm{(stat.)}} \pm 9.6 \,{\rm{(syst.)}} )\times 10^{10}\, $$\rm{s}^{-1} \rm{cm}^{-2}$, consistent with Standard Solar Model and existing measurements., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

46. Evaluation of CO2 removal rate of ECCO2R for a renal replacement therapy platform in an experimental setting.

Author

Qian, Zhicheng, He, Hao, Wang, Yuxuan, Geng, Shike, Li, Yang, Yuan, Xueyan, Zhang, Rui, Yang, Yi, Qiu, Haibo, Liu, Songqiao, and Liu, Ling

Subjects
*RENAL replacement therapy, *GAS flow, *VENTILATION, *BLOOD flow
Abstract

Background: A critical parameter of extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) applications is the CO2 removal rate (VCO2). Low‐flow venovenous extracorporeal support with large‐size membrane lung remains undefined. This study aimed to evaluate the VCO2 of a low‐flow ECCO2R with large‐size membrane lung using a renal replacement therapy platform in an experimental animal model. Methods: Twelve healthy pigs were placed under mechanical ventilation and connected to an ECCO2R‐CRRT system (surface area = 1.8 m2; OMNIset®, BBraun, Germany). Respiratory settings were reduced to induce two degrees of hypercapnia. VCO2 was recorded under different combinations of PaCO2 (50–69 or 70–89 mm Hg), extracorporeal blood flow (ECBF; 200 or 350 mL/min), and gas flow (4, 6, or 10 L/min). Results: VCO2 increased with ECBF at all three gas flow rates. In severe hypercapnia, the increase in sweep gas flow from 4 to 10 L/min increased VCO2 from 86.38 ± 7.08 to 96.50 ± 8.71 mL/min at an ECBF of 350 mL/min, whereas at ECBF of 200 mL/min, any increase was less effective. But in mild hypercapnia, the increase in sweep gas flow result in significantly increased VCO2 at two ECBF. VCO2 increased with PaCO2 from 50–69 to 70–89 mm Hg at an ECBF of 350 mL/min, but not at ECBF of 200 mL/min. Post‐membrane lung PCO2 levels were similar for different levels of premembrane lung PCO2 (p = 0.08), highlighting the gas exchange diffusion efficacy of the membrane lung in gas exchange diffusion. In severe hypercapnia, the reduction of PaCO2 elevated from 11.5% to 19.6% with ECBF increase only at a high gas flow of 10 L/min (p < 0.05) and increase of gas flow significantly reduced PaCO2 only at a high ECBF of 350 mL/min (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Low‐flow venovenous extracorporeal ECCO2R‐CRRT with large‐size membrane lung is more efficient with the increase of ECBF, sweep gas flow rate, and the degree of hypercapnia. The influence of sweep gas flow on VCO2 depends on the ECBF and degree of hypercapnia. Higher ECBF and gas flow should be chosen to reverse severe hypercapnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. A search for dark matter-nucleon interactions with a dark mediator in PandaX-4T

Author

Huang, Di, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, Huo, Ran, Huang, Di, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Chen, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Wenbo, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shaheed, Nasir, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yao, Yukun, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, Zhou, Yubo, and Huo, Ran

Abstract

We report results of a search for dark matter-nucleon interactions via a dark mediator using optimized low-energy data from the PandaX-4T liquid xenon experiment. With the ionization-signal-only data and utilizing the Migdal effect, we set the most stringent limits on the cross section for dark matter masses ranging from 40~$\rm{MeV}$$/c^2$ to 2~$\rm{GeV}$$/c^2$. Under the assumption that the dark mediator is a dark photon, we provide new limits on the kinetic mixing parameter between the dark photon and the ordinary photon, and rule out significant parameter space of the thermal relic dark matter under this scenario., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

50. Search for Solar <math><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> Neutrinos in the PandaX-4T Experiment Using Neutrino-Nucleus Coherent Scattering

Author

Ma, Wenbo, Abdukerim, Abdusalam, Cheng, Chen, Bo, Zihao, Chen, Wei, Chen, Xun, Chen, Yunhua, Cheng, Zhaokan, Cui, Xiangyi, Fan, Yingjie, Fang, Deqing, Fu, Changbo, Fu, Mengting, Geng, Lisheng, Giboni, Karl, Gu, Linhui, Guo, Xuyuan, Han, Chencheng, Han, Ke, He, Changda, He, Jinrong, Huang, Di, Huang, Yanlin, Huang, Zhou, Hou, Ruquan, Ji, Xiangdong, Ju, Yonglin, Li, Chenxiang, Li, Jiafu, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Shu, Li, Shuaijie, Lin, Qing, Liu, Jianglai, Lu, Xiaoying, Luo, Lingyin, Luo, Yunyang, Ma, Yugang, Mao, Yajun, Shaheed, Nasir, Meng, Yue, Ning, Xuyang, Qi, Ningchun, Qian, Zhicheng, Ren, Xiangxiang, Shang, Changsong, Shang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Guofang, Si, Lin, Sun, Wenliang, Tan, Andi, Tao, Yi, Wang, Anqing, Wang, Meng, Wang, Qiuhong, Wang, Shaobo, Wang, Siguang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiuli, Wang, Zhou, Wei, Yuehuan, Wu, Mengmeng, Wu, Weihao, Xia, Jingkai, Xiao, Mengjiao, Xiao, Xiang, Xie, Pengwei, Yan, Binbin, Yan, Xiyu, Yang, Jijun, Yang, Yong, Yu, Chunxu, Yuan, Jumin, Yuan, Ying, Yuan, Zhe, Zeng, Xinning, Zhang, Dan, Zhang, Minzhen, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Shibo, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Tao, Zhang, Yingxin, Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhao, Li, Zheng, Qibin, Zhou, Jifang, Zhou, Ning, Zhou, Xiaopeng, Zhou, Yong, and Zhou, Yubo

Abstract

A search for interactions from solar B8 neutrinos elastically scattering off xenon nuclei using PandaX-4T commissioning data is reported. The energy threshold of this search is further lowered compared with the previous search for dark matter, with various techniques utilized to suppress the background that emerges from data with the lowered threshold. A blind analysis is performed on the data with an effective exposure of 0.48 tonne year, and no significant excess of events is observed. Among the results obtained using the neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering, our results give the best constraint on the solar B8 neutrino flux. We further provide a more stringent limit on the cross section between dark matter and nucleon in the mass range from 3 to 9 GeV/c2.

Published
2023

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