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Objectives : The complex effects of multiple co-occurring symptoms are a major cause of reduced quality of life; thus, it is necessary to identify symptom clusters experienced by patients and explore interventions. This study aimed to provide an overview of non-pharmacological interventions based on symptom clusters in adults to identify effective intervention strategies and methods. Methods. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. For the search databases, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, RISS, KISS, and KISTI were used. It includes English and Korean experimental studies published up to May 2023. The literature quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Tool. Results. Of the 18 studies selected, 15 were randomized controlled trials and three were quasi-experimental studies, all of which were conducted on patients with cancer. The symptom clusters-based interventions in the literature are classified as movement-based, relaxation-based, integrated, and miscellaneous interventions. Integrated interventions, which were effective in all studies, might prove to be very effective for managing symptom clusters. Movement-based intervention studies, which include dance, Qigong, and Tai Chi, might be very effective in improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Conclusions. This review demonstrates that non-pharmacological interventions reduce the occurrence and severity of symptom clusters, thereby improving HRQoL. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects of these interventions in patients with various chronic conditions other than cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beneficial effects of physical activity on sleep quality in older adults are well-established. However, determining the optimal dose of physical activity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between physical activity and sleep quality in older adults. A comprehensive search was conducted across six electronic databases from inception to May 2024. Included were randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of physical activity on sleep quality in older adults. Changes in sleep quality scores were analyzed using a normal-likelihood model with an identity link function. Fifty-one studies involving 5890 participants met the inclusion criteria. The dose-response relationship was best described by a "J" shaped curve. The minimum significant dose was 195 metabolic equivalents of tasks (METs)-min/week (Hedges'g = −0.39, SE: 0.27, 95%CrI: −0.82 to 0), with the optimum dose identified as 440 METs-min/week (Hedges'g = −0.85, SE: 0.26, 95%CrI: −1.24 to −0.37). The tolerated dose was also 820 METs-min/week (Hedges'g = −0.85, SE: 0.26, 95%CrI: −1.24 to −0.37). The optimal dose of 440 METs/min/week consistently improved sleep quality across various physical activities. Additionally, participant characteristics such as age, sex, and exercise intensity may moderate the effects of different physical activities. This study identified the optimal weekly dose of physical activity to enhance sleep quality in older adults, highlighting the effectiveness of various physical activities. It also explored moderating factors affecting intervention outcomes. These findings provide valuable insights for tailoring personalized physical activity programs in clinical settings. • A "J"-shaped dose-response relationship was observed between physical activity levels and sleep quality in older adults, with an optimal total physical activity dose of 440 METs-min/week. • The optimal dose was 440 METs-min/week for different physical activities. However, the predicted optimal effect sizes varied, with resistance training being the largest (Hedges'g = −0.84), followed by tai chi/qi gong (Hedges'g = −0.78) and aquatic training (Hedges'g = −0.72). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mind-body exercise (MBE) interventions, including Tai Chi, Yoga, Pilates, and Qigong, in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched from their inception to May 2024. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software were used for statistical analysis. Outcome measures included Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) Scale, and adverse events. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool (2.0). The certainty of evidence for each outcome was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Results: Of the 330 studies retrieved, 15 studies satisfied the criteria for meta-analysis. Compared with the controls, MBE interventions significantly improved physical function (measured by BASFI, MD = -0.76, 95% CI: -1.01 to -0.50, P < 0.00001), disease activity (measured by BASDAI, MD = -0.76, 95% CI: -0.94 to -0.57, P < 0.00001), pain intensity (measured by VAS, MD = -0.89, 95% CI: -1.21 to -0.57, P < 0.00001), spinal mobility (measured by BASMI, MD = -0.44, 95% CI: -0.70 to -0.19, P = 0.0006), and quality of life (measured by ASQoL, MD = -2.14, 95% CI: -3.54 to -0.75, P = 0.003). Subgroup analyses revealed that Tai Chi appeared to demonstrate a more pronounced effect on pain reduction when compared to Qigong (test for subgroup difference: P = 0.005). The quality of evidence for these outcomes was estimated as moderate to low. Additionally, no serious adverse events related to MBE were identified among the included studies. Conclusions: Overall, MBE may be a promising non-pharmacological treatment to improve physical function, disease activity, pain intensity, spinal mobility, and quality of life in patients with axSpA. To enhance the certainty of the evidence, additional rigorous studies are needed to verify these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite advancements in cancer treatment, chemotherapy side effects significantly impact patients both physically and emotionally. While pharmacological treatments can mitigate these side effects, they may trigger additional side effects, exacerbating the overall discomfort experienced by patients; moreover, psychological factors influencing physical symptoms are beyond the reach of pharmacological interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions, however, offer the potential for complementary or alternative solutions. Objectives: This review aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of the literature on the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions in managing the physical side effects of chemotherapy. Methods: This review, based on a search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases, identified 46 relevant studies. It categorizes interventions and evaluates their effectiveness in managing common chemotherapy side effects (fatigue, nausea, pain, diarrhea, and constipation). Results: Guided imagery, tailored exercises, and Qigong show promise in reducing fatigue, while interventions like yoga and cognitive-behavioral approaches address nausea and vomiting. Pain benefits result from guided imagery and educational interventions. Limited evidence exists for diarrhea and constipation interventions, necessitating further research. Conclusions: This review offers provisional conclusions, emphasizing the potential of integrating evidence-based nonpharmacological approaches alongside pharmacological interventions to enhance patient outcomes and reduce chemotherapy-induced side effects, considering factors such as accessibility, safety, customization, and adaptability in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cognitive decline is a significant, persistent issue among breast cancer survivors (BCSs) affecting more than 50% and greatly impacting health and wellbeing, particularly among those who are aging. Scalable, lifestyle interventions to mitigate cognitive decline in this population are needed. This study aimed to explore the effects of Tai Chi Easy (TCE) on perceived cognition function among older BCSs. Methods: The current work was part of a larger NCI-funded trial (R01CA182901, primary results reported elsewhere). Female BCSs, aged 45--75 years, were randomized to one of three conditions: two active interventions, Tai Chi Easy (TCE) or sham Qigong (SQG), or an education control group (EDC). In this exploratory analysis of older female participants (aged 60--75y), perceived cognitive function and performance and related factors (including anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptom severity) were examined. We anticipated TCE and SQG would show greater improvements in perceived cognitive function and performance compared to EDC. Results: A total of 75 female BCS were included in the analysis (TCE = 23; SQG = 22; EDC = 30). Linear mixed model results showed BCS randomized to TCE and SQG reported improvements in perceived cognitive impairment and cognition-related effects on quality of life relative to EDC (with small to medium effect sizes; Cohen's d = 0.46 and 0.76), whereas no results were found for cognitive performance measures. Relative to EDC, TCE did not exact changes in depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptom severity; however, SQG showed decreases in depression and insomnia symptom severity (with corresponding small to medium effect sizes, Cohen's d = -0.36 and -0.56). Discussion: Findings from the current exploratory study suggest that low-exertion, gentle exercise, with or without breath and meditative focus, may improve perceived cognitive function, and, that without breath and meditative focus, may improve depressed mood and insomnia symptoms among older BCS. These promising findings may have immediate and long-term implications on accessible treatment options recommended by geriatricians and oncologists treating older BCS at an elevated risk for cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research on Qi Gong (QG) supports promising health benefits. Both interest and use of QG in U.S. adults has increased over the past decade. Shared Medical Appointments (SMAs) are a novel, cost-effective, and time efficient health care delivery approach associated with patient and clinician satisfaction. Objectives: A telehealth delivered QG SMA was pilot tested among a diverse demographic population within an integrative medicine practice at an academic medical center to assess feasibility and acceptability. Methods: This was a feasibility/acceptability pilot study conducted at a large New York City academic medical center's Integrative Health and Wellness center from January to July 2023. A QG instructor-acupuncturist and an integrative medicine physician-acupuncturist co-led 3 separate series (5 Element QG, Eight-Section Brocade, and Joint-Mobilizing/Sinew Strengthening exercises) of weekly 30-45-minute sessions of QG SMA on a weekday afternoon via telemedicine. The first session included an overview of QG and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) research while follow-up sessions included a check-in, didactic demonstration followed by QG practice, and a debrief to answer questions. Video links were provided for home practice. Surveys assessing satisfaction were sent pre/post series. Results: 18 sessions of QG SMA were offered over a 6-month period. A total of 40 unique participants from diverse demographics (gender, race/ethnicity, primary residence) attended, for a total of 197 virtual visits. A total of 20 participants enrolled in Series 1 (8 weeks), 23 enrolled in Series 2 (7 weeks), and 16 enrolled in Series 3 (3cweeks). For each session, group attendance ranged from 8-16 with an average of 11 participants. Attendance was high with participants attending an average of 72% of the sessions. Participants attended 88% of the first 8-week series, 54% of the second 7-week series, and 60% of the third series. Participant interest persisted over time with 35% of the 40 participants attending more than 1 series, and 12.5% attending all 3 series. Participants' diagnoses and health symptoms included pain (62.5%), cancer (45%) anxiety/depression (40%), cardiovascular disease (CVD) or metabolic conditions (32.5%), gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms/diagnoses (27.5%), stress (22.5%), osteopenia/osteoporosis (17.5%), and insomnia (17.5%). Pre-series [n = 27] participants endorsed symptoms including sleep disturbances, fatigue, pain, stress, weakness, GI symptoms, psychological symptoms, hot flashes, and brain fog. Post-program survey results [n = 11] suggested QG program addressed common symptoms including fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, stress, pain, weakness, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Participants reported incorporating QG, breathing techniques, and meditation into their daily routine. All participants reported their goals were met and that they would recommend the program to others. Regarding delivery preferences, 73% preferred telehealth, 27% hybrid, and none preferred in-person. Participants appreciated the format, new skills, community, and instructors. Conclusion: While the Virtual QG SMA series provided to diverse demographic population with mixed diagnoses is feasible, acceptable, and shows promising positive impact in this pilot, caution in interpreting the data is advised due to the low response rate of the post-program survey. Robust studies with longer follow-ups are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that Qigong (QG), a mind-body therapy, may help address symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the heterogeneity of QG content and delivery may affect its feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy. Objective: To survey researchers, clinicians, and QG instructors with experience working with people with MS to identify key components of MS-specific QG guidelines and protocols. Methods: We conducted an online survey to identify QG forms and movements considered helpful for MS, reasons for selection, characteristics of effective learning environments, and recommended dosage and frequency of practice. Quantitative data were analyzed using summary statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Forty-seven experts, including QG instructors, clinicians, and QG and MS researchers, completed the survey. Respondents had a mean (SD) of 20 (11) years of QG teaching experience, 26 (12) years of clinical practice, 24 (9) years of QG research experience, 13 (5) years of MS research experience, and worked with at least 3 (2) people with MS. Approximately 125 QG forms/movements were recommended. Some forms were specifically recommended to address MS symptoms (e.g., emotional regulation, balance and coordination, muscle strength and flexibility, immune regulation, and circulation). Some respondents felt that any QG form could be beneficial if basic principles were met (e.g., intentional movement, posture, focused awareness, rhythmic breathing/movement, and a relaxed mind and body). Instructor qualities included the ability to convey information clearly, being caring and compassionate, proficient in QG, and having basic knowledge of MS. To promote confidence in learning QG, recommendations included having simple, easy-to-learn movements with modifications based on physical ability. We provide a sample protocol based on these recommendations. Conclusions: This study provides expert guidance for developing a QG protocol for an MS population, including content and delivery recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relative efficacy of various mind–body exercises in the treatment of depressive symptoms remains uncertain. We examined the optimal modalities (Tai Chi, qigong, yoga) and dose of mind–body exercise to improve depressive symptoms in adults. A systematic search of six electronic databases for randomized controlled trials on the relationship between exercise and depression was carried out, encompassing data from their inception up to November 2023. Pairwise analyses, network analyses and dose–response meta‐analyses using random‐effects models were performed to analyse the effect of exercise on depression. Forty studies were included. Results showed that Yoga [standardised mean difference (SMD) = −0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): (−0.76, −0.35)] was the most effective form of exercise for improving depressive symptoms, followed by Qigong (SMD = −0.52; 95%CI: −0.92, −0.11) and Tai Chi exercise (SMD = −0.42; 95%CI: −0.71, −0.13). In addition, a non‐linear dose–response relationship was found between overall mind–body exercise dose and depression levels and a significant response was observed after 260 METs‐min. Our study examined the effectiveness of different types of mind–body exercise in improving depression and found that yoga may be the most effective adjunctive intervention. There was a non‐linear dose–response relationship between total exercise and depression levels. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting and applying these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the efficacy of intestinal probiotics combined with health Qigong in patients with chronic obstructive lung (disease) and its effect on nuclear factor κB receptor activation factor ligand (RANKL) and blood gas index. Methods:88 stable patients with COPD from January 2018 to December 2023 were selected. They were divided into an observation group and a matched group, with 44 cases in each group. The matched group patients were treated with conventional Western medicine, while the observation group was treated with intestinal probiotics combined with fitness Qigong Eight Section Brocade in addition to the matched group. Pulmonary function, 6-minute walking test (6MWT), and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Scale (CAT) were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the two groups of patients. Inflammatory response indicators and RANKL levels were compared before and Post-treatment, and blood gas indicators and quality of life were compared between the two groups of patients. Results: FEV1,FVC, FEV1/FVC, and 6 MWT were increased in both groups post-treatment, A ed CAT score. The same trend was observed between the observation group and the matched group (P＜0.05); Post-treatment, IL-17, TNF-α, and RANKL levels were reduced in both groups,The observation group was lower than the matched group (P＜0.05); Lower PaCO2levels Post-treatment, Increased levels of SaO2and PaO2, The observation group followed the matched group (P＜0.05); GQOLI-74 related dimension scores were elevated in both groups Post-treatment. Different compared from the matched group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The combination of intestinal probiotics and fitness qigong Baduanjin has a significant therapeutic effect on stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in addition to conventional treatment. It can improve lung function, exercise endurance, alleviate disease severity, reduce inflammatory factors and RANKL levels, improve blood gas indicators, and enhance patient quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telomere length (TL) is associated with the reduction in physical activity and muscular performance, while increasing TL by physical activity may beneficially impact health and longevity. Information on TL changes induced by Qigong exercise is scarce. Thus, this study determined the effects of Qigong training on TL and its relationship with muscle strength and antioxidants in young sedentary females. Using a quasi-experimental design, 36 women were assigned to an 8-week period of Qigong training (Qigong Group, QG, n = 17) or Control observation (Control Group, CG, n = 19). Relative TL was significantly increased after 8 weeks of Qigong training (P < 0.05), but no significant changes were seen in the CG; TL changes between Groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). These changes in relative TL were positively correlated with changes in leg-back muscle strength (r = 0.413, P = 0.012), but negatively with changes in catalase enzyme activity (r = -0.343, P = 0.040). The findings suggest that 8 weeks of Qigong training increased TL in sedentary young females. Also, the positive association between changes in relative TL and leg-back strength and the negative association with changes in antioxidant activity may indicate mechanisms mediating Qigong effects on TL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the motivational factors influencing the participation of older adults in various exercise interventions during depressive episodes and to identify which types of exercise are most effective in alleviating depressive symptoms in this population. Therefore, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on exercise interventions and their impact on depression in older adult patients, identified by the terms "exercise" AND "depression" AND "elderly" OR "geriatric", were selected from primary electronic databases to conduct this network meta-analysis (NMA). The primary outcome was the effect on depressive symptoms, while the secondary outcome was the comparison of dropout rates between the intervention groups and the usual care control groups, as a measure of sustained motivation and engagement. Standardized mean difference (SMD) values and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for effect evaluation. This study protocol has been registered in IPLASY (INPLASY 202460035). The results of 31 RCTs with 3238 participants indicated that qigong (SMD −1.17, −2.28 to −0.06), Otago Exercise (SMD −1.15, −2.29 to −0.01), and yoga (SMD −0.88, −1.55 to −0.21) significantly alleviate depressive symptoms in older adults. Walking (SMD −0.82, −1.34 to −0.31) and strength training (SMD −0.67, −1.05 to −0.30) also showed significant effects. Aerobic, physical training, and tai chi had moderate effects, while multisport showed a weaker impact with no significant improvement. In summary, our research findings demonstrate that exercise can effectively alleviate depressive symptoms in older adults, with low dropout rates likely due to interconnected physiological, psychological, and social mechanisms. This is crucial for enhancing treatment strategies for older adults' depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drug development process is poised for significant transformation due to the rapid advancement of modern biological and information technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI). As these new technologies and concepts infiltrate every stage of drug development, the efficiency and success rate of research and development are expected to improve substantially. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a time-honored therapeutic system encompassing herbal medicine, acupuncture, and qigong, will also be profoundly impacted by these advancements. Over the next decade, Traditional Chinese medicine research will encounter both opportunities and challenges as it integrates with modern technologies and concepts. By 2035, TCM is anticipated to merge with modern medicine through a more contemporary and open research and development model, providing substantial support for treating a broader spectrum of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the joint guidelines developed by the Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) regarding the use of integrative therapies to manage cancer-related symptoms. It provides evidence-based recommendations for complementary therapies, including acupuncture, mindfulness-based interventions, yoga, and t'ai chi, aimed at alleviating pain, anxiety, depression, and fatigue associated with cancer treatment.

Older adults living in a community are looking for alternative and complementary methods to improve their healthy longevity and quality of life. This study aimed to examine the effects of the Qigong therapy on psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction of older adults living in community. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The study samples were 69 older adults (intervention, n = 34; control, n = 35) over 65 years old in community in South Korea. Qigong therapy was performed 50 minutes per session, twice a week for a total of 20 times over a 10-week period in a comfortable and quiet environment without external noise. Measures were the study participant's general characteristics survey, psychological well-being scale, Cornell Medical Index—Korean version, sleep scale, and life satisfaction scale standardized for the elderly. Effects of Qigong therapy according to interaction effect over time and the group showed statistically significant differences in psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction. This study suggests that Qigong therapy was an effective nursing intervention for improving the psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction of older adults living in community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Insomnia is common in college students, but its impact on health and wellbeing is often neglected. Enhancing sleep quality through targeted interventions could improve overall health and reduce the risk of consequent co-morbidities and mental health problems. Qigong exercises have been shown to significantly improve sleep quality and relieve insomnia. Three-circle Post Standing (TCPS) can help integrate body, breath, and mind, a fundamental principle of Qigong that promotes holistic wellbeing. In this clinical trial, we aim to (1) evaluate the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic efficacy of administering TCPS to improve sleep quality and quality of life in college students with insomnia; (2) explore the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the mind adjustments mediated by TCPS in insomnia; (3) investigate body and breath pathophysiology mediated by TCPS in insomnia; and (4) assess the long-term efficacy of TCPS in terms of sleep quality and quality of life. Methods: This will be a prospective, parallel, four-arm, double-blind randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of TCPS on college students with insomnia. One hundred college students meeting diagnostic criteria for insomnia will be randomly assigned to receive either 14 weeks of standardized TCPS training (two weeks of centralized training followed by 12 weeks of supervised training) or sham-control Post Standing training. Efficacy outcomes including sleep quality, quality of life, neurophysiological assessments, plantar pressure, biomechanical balance, and physical measures will be collected at baseline, eight weeks (mid-point of supervised training), and 14 weeks (end of supervised training). Sleep quality and quality of life will also be evaluated during the four- and eight-week follow-up. Discussion: This trial will be an important milestone in the development of new therapeutic approaches for insomnia and should be easily implementable by college students with insomnia. The neuro- and pathophysiological assessments will provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying TCPS. Clinical trial registration: This trial has been registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2400080763). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gather evidence on the effectiveness and safety of qigong, tai chi, and yoga to modulate symptoms associated with chronic respiratory diseases. A search of systematic reviews was conducted in CINHAL, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to November 2022. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses investigating physical and psychological measures were eligible. The methodological quality of systematic reviews (AMSTAR-2), the spin of information in abstracts, and the overlap of primary studies were explored. Twenty-seven systematic reviews involving 37 000 participants, 146 studies, and 150 meta-analyses were included. Reviews investigated asthma (n = 4) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 23). Most reviews discussed their findings without considering the risk of bias of primary studies. The overlap ranged between slight (5%) and very high (35%). Yoga was better than control interventions to improve symptoms related with asthma. In adults with COPD, qigong improved dyspnoea, exercise endurance, lung function, and quality of life, while tai chi and yoga increased exercise endurance. The impact of yoga on symptoms associated with asthma varied depending on the lung function parameter and the control group. Qigong, tai chi, and yoga could be effective to improve COPD-related symptoms, especially exercise endurance. Qigong, tai chi, and yoga could be effective to improve symptoms associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mind–body exercises promote self-care management and can be individually tailored. Due to no adverse effects, these interventions can be endorsed for rehabilitation as they appear to yield benefits [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Qi Gong fitness in alleviating stress, anxiety, and depression among underprivileged working youth with a follow-up study. Methods: Eighty subjects were randomly assigned to normal groups (NG) and treatment groups (TG), with 40 participants in each group. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), and 24-Item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-24) were used to evaluate the effect of Qi Gong fitness on alleviating stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in underprivileged working youth. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic outcome indicators between NG and TG. The main analytic results showed significant differences (P < .05) in the intra- and inter-group comparisons of NG and TG in stress, anxiety, and depression before and after intervention. When compared with prior intervention, NG and TG after intervention showed more favorable scores in PSS, GAD-7, and HAMD-24, among which PSS (NG: 51.61 ± 4.32 vs. 29.80 ± 3.08; TG: 55.21 ± 5.41 vs. 15.85 ± 2.25; P < .01), GAD-7 (NG: 10.83 ± 2.45 vs. 9.85 ± 2.52; TG: 12.23 ± 1.90 vs. 7.84 ± 1.57; P < .01), and HAMD-24 (NG: 10.83 ± 2.45 vs. 9.85 ± 2.52; TG: 25.63 ± 3.94 vs. 11.40 ± 3.82; P < .01); These results indicate that NG and TG have significant effects on alleviating occupational stress, anxiety, and depression in young underprivileged people. Conclusion: The study indicates that Qi Gong fitness had a positive effect on reducing and alleviating stress, anxiety, and depression among young underprivileged professionals. This highlights the potential benefits of incorporating Qi Gong fitness into treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to systematically analyze reviews of randomized clinical trials that investigate the overall effect of exercise and of different types of exercise on sleep in older adults. Meta-analysis was performed to obtain the standardized mean difference of the effect of the different types of exercise. Twenty systematic reviews published between 2012 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria of this overview. Moderate significant effects of exercise were observed on overall sleep quality and its subjective components (quality, duration, latency, habitual efficiency, medication use, and daytime dysfunction). Among the types of exercise, sensitivity analysis revealed significant effects of Pilates, Tai Chi, and Baduanjin Qigong on sleep quality. Exercise has a positive effect on sleep quality in older people. Our findings are extremely important, especially for decision makers in the health area, permitting the planning of actions and evidence-based decision making. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020222469. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) to summarize the current evidence on the effectiveness of mind-body exercises, specifically qigong, tai chi, and yoga, on osteoarthritis-related symptoms. CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception up to 20 June 2022. Pain, physical function, psychological symptoms, and quality of life were analyzed. AMSTAR 2 was used to assess the methodological quality of SRs. The primary study overlap among SRs was calculated. A total of 13 SRs were selected, including 32 meta-analyses of interest that comprised 33 distinct primary studies. Overall, qigong, tai chi, and yoga-based interventions may improve osteoarthritis-related symptoms, mainly physical function. However, no SRs were judged to have high methodological quality. Only three SRs judged certainty of evidence using a gold standard for it. The primary study overlap was very high for SRs covering tai chi or yoga trials. There was a positive tendency in favor of these mind-body exercises for improving pain, arthritis self-efficacy, and mainly, physical function. Unfortunately, no clinical recommendations can be made due to the high number of methodological concerns that were described above. New high-quality SRs covering this topic are needed. It appears that qigong, tai chi, and yoga may improve physical function in osteoarthritis. In addition, tai chi may improve arthritis self-efficacy in knee osteoarthritis. As most of the included systematic reviews (SRs) had low quality, no firm recommendations can be made. Most of the included SRs did not evaluate the certainty in the evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity levels of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are low due to the symptoms of COPD. The patients diagnosed with COPD are headed for complementary and alternative treatments to reduce the COPD symptoms, facilitate the treatment, and increase their physical activity. One of these treatments is QiGong, which is not yet common in our country. QiGong is a type of exercise based on ancient Chinese medicine, and mainly consists of active and passive exercises. These exercises open energy channels in the body, and thus prevent and/or heal diseases by establishing energy balance in the body through meditation, breath control, and bodily exercises. According to a literature review abroad, there are a small number of scientific studies related the therapeutic effect of QiGong exercises on symptom control, anxiety, reduction of stress and depression, increase in physical activity and quality of life, and the development of lung function of patients with COPD. By considering the educative role of nurses, it is important that the nurse has adequate knowledge of the treatment and care of patients with COPD. Therefore, this review is compiled to be informative about the effects of QiGong in the treatment of COPD, and assistance to subsequent studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hwabyung is a Korean culture-bound syndrome characterized by anger-related physical and psychological symptoms. Depressive disorder is a common mental illness occurring worldwide, and has been reported to have a high comorbidity rate with Hwabyung. For patients with depressive disorders, differential diagnosis and combined treatment for Hwabyung should be considered. Mindfulness and Qigong may be effective alternatives for regulating emotions such as depression, anxiety, and anger. This study aims to investigate whether Mindfulness and Qigong Training for Self-Healing (MQT-SH) would improve emotional problems in patients with Hwabyung and depressive disorder. Methods: This study will be a two-arm block randomized controlled trial. A total of 64 participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either experimental or control group. While the experimental group will perform MQT-SH for the first six weeks, the control group will receive no treatment. During the next six weeks, the control group will perform MQT-SH for ethical equity. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention (6 weeks) and follow-up (12 weeks). The primary outcomes would be Hwabyung and depression, while the secondary outcomes would include anxiety, anger, and vitality. Discussion: This study will provide a basis for assessing the effectiveness of mindfulness and Qigong training in patients with Hwabyung and depressive disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research has consistently shown that the motor system and emotional processes are interrelated in non-clinical as well as in clinical populations. Therefore, the body might be a promising target for the treatment of depression. Based on these notions, we developed Body, Breath and Mind (BBM) a minimally monitored online intervention combining body orientated Qi Gong practice with elements of behavioral activation (BA). This study aims to assess the feasibility of BBM. Methods: One hundred and ten adults showing at least moderate levels of depression were recruited and a single group pre-/post-test design was used. BBM consists of eight modules including Qi Gong as well as BA homework practice. Instructions for Qi Gong practice were given via video. Feasibility outcome measures included treatment adherence, preliminary effectiveness, satisfaction and practice time. Primary outcome measure was the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) assessing depressive symptoms. Results: We found significant reduction of depressive symptoms with a large effect size (dAV = – 1.82) and participants were satisfied with Qi Gong and BA elements as well as with the entire program. Thirty-four participants (31%) completed all eight modules. Conclusions: The findings suggest that it would be feasible to proceed to a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the potential of BBM, a program combining body-oriented and BA elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) have great value in the prevention and effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our purpose in this study was to summarize present research trends and future directions regarding the link between TCEs and CVD by bibliometrics analysis. We searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for all original articles and reviews on TCEs for CVD published in English before August 7, 2022 using CiteSpace 5.8.R3 and Microsoft Excel 2019 software, and we displayed the results in the form of network maps, line graphs, and tables. We initially obtained 725 articles. Our results showed that the United States was the most influential country in this line of research, with Harvard University the most prolific institution in the field, and, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine was the most productive journal for these articles. The highest-frequency keywords in this research area were Tai Chi, exercise, blood pressure, quality of life, and older adult. Additionally, important research topics included heart rate variability, quality of life, meta-analysis, Baduanjin exercise, and breathing exercise. In addition, our results revealed that among all the TCEs, Tai Chi, Baduanjin, and Qigong emerged as the most extensively studied. However, it's important to note our exclusive focus on literature published in English may have led to our missing important results. Future investigators should broaden their search to include other databases and languages to present a still more comprehensive overview of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are the effects of different types of exercise treatments on oxygen consumption, quality of life and mortality in people with coronary heart disease? Systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Adults with coronary heart disease. Exercise interventions including aerobic (continuous or high-intensity interval) training, resistance training, respiratory muscle exercises, water-based exercises, yoga, Tai chi, Qigong exercises and a combination of different types of exercise. Oxygen consumption, quality of life and mortality. This review included 178 randomised controlled trials with 19,143 participants. Several exercise interventions improved peak oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min): high-intensity interval training (MD 4.5, 95% CI 3.7 to 5.4); combined water-based exercises and moderate-intensity continuous training (MD 3.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 6.0); combined aerobic and resistance exercise (MD 3.4, 95% CI 2.5 to 4.3); water-based exercises (MD 3.4, 95% CI 0.6 to 6.2); combined respiratory muscle training and aerobic exercise (MD 3.2, 95% CI 0.6 to 5.8); Tai chi (MD 3.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 5.0); moderate-intensity continuous training (MD 3.0, 95% CI 2.3 to 3.6); high-intensity continuous training (MD 2.7, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.8); and resistance training (MD 2.2, 95% CI 0.6 to 3.7). Quality of life was improved by yoga (SMD 1.5, 95% CI 0.5 to 2.4), combined aerobic and resistance exercise (SMD 1.2, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.7), moderate-intensity continuous training (SMD 1.1, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.6) and high-intensity interval training (SMD 0.9, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.6). All-cause mortality was reduced by continuous aerobic exercise (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.86) and combined aerobic and resistance exercise (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.94). Continuous aerobic exercise also reduced cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.74). People with coronary heart disease may use a range of exercise modalities to improve oxygen consumption, quality of life and mortality. PROSPERO CRD42022344545. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motor impairment is one of the most common defects after stroke, which could seriously affect the life quality of stroke patients. Exercise intervention gradually becomes a popular alternative rehabilitation therapy because of its safety and applicability. To systematically assess the effect of Qigong exercise on motor function in stroke patients. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of Qigong on motor function of stroke patients were obtained from PubMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure through May 2022. Mean values and standard deviations of the post-intervention score in both experimental group and control group were collected to calculate the mean difference (MD) and corresponkding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of each study, which were quantificationally summarized using the Review Manager 5.3 software. Nineteen randomized controlled trials enrolling 1487 stroke patients were included. Pooled results indicated that Qigong exercise had beneficial effect on balance function (Berg Balance Scale [MD: 7.56, 95% CI: 4.09–11.02]), limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment [total score: MD: 7.54, 95% CI: 6.38–8.69; upper limb: MD: 3.57, 95% CI: 0.71–6.43; lower limb: MD: 2.44, 95% CI: 0.59–4.29]) and walking function (6-min walking test [MD: 62.21, 95% CI: 11.70–112.73]) of stroke patients. It was also found to be associated with an improvement in trunk function as indicated by the Trunk Impairment Scale. Available evidence supported potential benefits of Qigong exercise for improving motor functions of stroke patients. As a safe and widely applicable exercise, Qigong is worthy of further promotion in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current quasi-experimental study explored the effects of Baduanjin qigong on body mass index (BMI) and five metabolic indexes in people with schizophrenia. Inclusion criteria were body mass index >25 kg/m2 or metabolic syndrome. Twenty-two service users were recruited from a psychiatric center and were assigned to the experimental group (EG) or control group (CG) using blocked randomization. The EG performed Baduanjin qigong lasting 1 hour for 12 weeks three times per week, whereas the CG received routine care. Generalized estimating equations showed that the EG achieved a greater decrease in BMI and waist circumference (WC) than the CG post-intervention. Baduanjin qigong may provide an effective nonpharmacological approach to reducing BMI and WC in people with schizophrenia. This study showed that performing Baduanjin qigong for 12 weeks is a feasible and effective strategy for improving the body shape of individuals with chronic schizophrenia, thus providing results that can serve as a reference for health professionals working in psychiatry departments. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62(4), 41–48.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Multimorbidity, defined as the concurrent presence of ≥ 2 chronic conditions, and chronic pain (i.e., pain lasting ≥3 months) often co-exist. Multimodal pain management that includes non-pharmacologic treatment and non-opioid therapy is recommended to prevent serious risks associated with opioids. Purpose: Estimate the prevalence of types of pain treatment and analyze their associations with multimorbidity using a nationally representative survey in the United States (US). Methods: Data was collected from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey among adults with chronic pain and chronic conditions (N= 12,028). Chronic pain management was grouped into four categories: opioid therapy; non-opioid multimodal pain treatment ; pain treatment with monotherapy; and no pain treatment. Chi-square tests and multivariable multinomial logistic regressions were used to analyze the association of multimorbidity with types of pain treatment after controlling for age, sex, social determinants of health (SDoH), and lifestyle characteristics. Results: Among NHIS respondents, 68% had multimorbidity. In adjusted multinomial logistic regressions with "pain management with monotherapy" as the reference group, those with multimorbidity were more likely to utilize opioids (AOR=1.63, 95% CI=1.23, 2.17). Those with severe pain were also more likely to use opioid therapy (AOR=19.36, 95% CI=13.35, 28.06) than those with little pain. Those with low income and education were less likely to have multimodal pain management without opioids. Conclusion: Seven in 10 adults had multimorbidity. Those with multimorbidity reported severe pain and relied on opioids for pain control. Regardless of multimorbidity status, SDoH was associated with types of chronic pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A recent three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) with depressed Hong Kong adults demonstrated the comparable effectiveness of integrative Body-Mind-Spirt (IBMS) and Qigong interventions in relieving sleep disturbance and depression, but not which is best for whom? Guided by concept and theory-based hypotheses, clinical data-mining (CDM), the RCT data answers the more clinically relevant question: who responds best to which intervention? Method: Paired-sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-ranked tests were adopted to compare the within-subgroup differences; linear mixed models for normally distributed outcomes and generalized linear mixed models for non-normally distributed outcomes were used to compare the between-subgroup differences. Results: Results indicate that IBMS is more efficacious for older, more educated females, suffering from physical pain and illness; whereas younger, less educated males, not in full-time employment benefit more from Qigong. Discussion: This productive joining together of RCT and CDM recommends itself to both past and future RCTs, further informing evidence-based practice decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Qigong exercise training has been suggested to elicit beneficial effects on physical functioning, reduction of oxidative stress, and improved antioxidant capacity in women. However, regular exercise training may support the development of antioxidant defense mechanisms and beneficially modulate oxidant/antioxidant responses. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an 8-week qigong exercise training on exercise performance and oxidative stress responses in sedentary middle-aged and elderly women suffering from type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Method/design: Quasi-experimental design, placebo-controlled study. Setting: The Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Burapha University, Thailand. Participants: Thirty-six sedentary middle-aged and elderly women with T2DM. Intervention: Participants were allocated to qigong exercise (n = 20) or to the control group (CG, n = 20). Primary outcome measures: Muscle strengths, flexibility, VO2 max predicted, and walking intensity derived from the 6-minute walk test. Secondary outcome measures: Fasting plasma glucose, antioxidant/oxidant stress parameters, and body composition. Results: Leg strength and trunk flexibility were improved after qigong training and changes were significantly different compared with the CG (all p < 0.05). VO2 max predicted, 6-min walking distance, and walking intensity were all increased (p < 0.05), and oxidative stress markers were diminished after qigong training (p < 0.05). The antioxidant/oxidant balance was improved after qigong training (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The presented findings indicate that 8 weeks of qigong training significantly improved leg strength and trunk flexibility in middle-aged and elderly women with T2DM, partly associated with a more favorable antioxidant/oxidant balance. These effects may beneficially impact on health in this specific population. Clinical Trial Number: TCTR20221003001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is a common condition after a burn with significant complications that would be a global health problem. Also, balance can further worsen due to burning complications. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the additive effects of selected Qigong training exercises for 2 months to the standard physiotherapy regimen on bone mineral density and balance control post-thermal burn injuries. 110 participants (75 males and 35 females), aged 25–50, with deep second and third-degree thermal burns affecting the trunk and lower extremities, and a total body surface area (TBSA) of 30–45%, allocated randomly into two equal groups of 55. Group A has Qigong training along with its standard physiotherapy regimen, and the control group (Group B) has only a standard physiotherapy regimen. For eight weeks, the interventions were used four times a week. The bone mineral density (BMD), T-score of the lumbar spine, the overall stability index (OSI), and the dynamic limits of stability (DLOS) were assessed pre-intervention and after eight weeks of intervention. A two-way mixed MANOVA showed that there was a significant increase in BMD, T-score, and DLOS and a significant decrease in OSI in a favor of the Qigong training group after eight weeks of treatment compared with that of the control group. Both groups showed a significant improvement in BMD, T- score, DLOS, and OSI post-treatment compared with that at the baseline. There were statistical significances in the favor of the Qigong training group after eight weeks of treatment (P < 0.001). In patients with repaired second and third-degree thermal burns of the trunk and lower legs, Qigong training activities combined with a standard physiotherapy regimen for 2 months were more helpful in increasing bone mineral density and improving balance control than the standard physiotherapy regimen alone. • In this article, we analyzed the additive effects of selected Qigong training exercises to the standard physiotherapy regimen on bone mineral density and balance control post thermal burn injuries. • In people with cured second and third-degree thermal burns of the trunk and lower extremities, combining Qigong exercise training to the standard physical therapy approach increased bone mineral density and balance control more than the standard physical therapy approach alone. • Qigong exercise training may be an effective adjuvant therapy in the treatment of people with healed second-and third-degree thermal burns of the trunk and lower extremities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This interview was conducted on August 21st, 2022 by Charles Buck and Ioannis Solos. Peter Deadman has worked in the field of health promotion for 50 years. He co-founded Infinity Foods (an organic and natural foods workers co-op) in 1971, followed by the Brighton Natural Health Centre—a charity dedicated to teaching ways to improve personal, community and planetary health and wellbeing. He qualified as an acupuncturist in 1978 and in Chinese herbal medicine in 1990. He founded The Journal of Chinese Medicine (UK) in 1979 (Fig. 1), and co-authored A Manual of Acupuncture (published in 1998). He is the author of Live Well Live Long: Teachings from the Chinese Nourishment of Life Tradition. He has taught Chinese medicine and health promotion internationally for decades and is a dedicated practitioner and teacher of Qi Gong (气功). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) adversely affects both young and old and is a growing public health concern. The common functional, psychological, and cognitive changes associated with TBI and recent trends in its management, such as recommending sub-threshold aerobic activity, and multi-modal treatment strategies including vestibular rehabilitation, suggest that Tai Chi/Qigong could be beneficial for TBI. Tai Chi and Qigong are aerobic mind-body practices with known benefits for maintaining health and mitigating chronic disease. To date, no systematic review has been published assessing the safety and effectiveness of Tai Chi/Qigong for traumatic injury. Methods: The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. All people with mild, moderate, or severe TBI who were inpatients or outpatients were included. All Types of Tai Chi and Qigong, and all comparators, were included. All measured outcomes were included. A priori, we chose "return to usual activities" as the primary outcome measure as it was patient-oriented. Cochrane-based risk of bias assessments were conducted on all included trials. Quality of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system. Results: Five trials were assessed; three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two non-RCTs; only two trials were conducted in the last 5 years. No trial measured "return to normal activities" or vestibular status as an outcome. Four trials - two RCTs and two non-RCTS - all found Tai Chi improved functional, psychological and/or cognitive outcomes. One RCT had a low risk of bias and a high level of certainty; one had some concerns. One non-RCTs had a moderate risk of bias and the other a serious risk of bias. The one Qigong RCT found improved psychological outcomes. It had a low risk of bias and a moderate level of certainty. Only one trial reported on adverse events and found that none were experienced by either the exercise or control group. Conclusion: Based on the consistent finding of benefit in the four Tai Chi trials, including one RCT that had a high level of certainty, there is a sufficient signal to merit conducting a large, high quality multi-centre trial on Tai Chi for TBI and test it against current trends in TBI management. Based on the one RCT on TBI and Qigong, an additional confirmatory RCT is indicated. Further research is indicated that reflects current management strategies and includes adverse event documentation in both the intervention and control groups. However, these findings suggest that, in addition to Tai Chi's known health promotion and chronic disease mitigation benefits, its use for the treatment of injury, such as TBI, is potentially a new frontier. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO [CRD42022364385]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Guidelines have been created to improve the reporting of clinical trials of biofield therapies, e.g. External Qigong, Healing Touch, Reiki, and Therapeutic Touch. Appropriate use of these guidelines is likely to strengthen the evidence base for biofield therapies as well as increase their usage as stand-alone practices and as complementary therapies within mainstream healthcare. A set of guidelines has been developed to help improve reporting of clinical trials of biofield therapies. The need for enhanced transparency when reporting trials of this family of integrative health practices, e.g., External Qigong, Healing Touch, Reiki and Therapeutic Touch, has been advocated in systematic reviews of these studies. The guidelines, called Biofield Therapies: Reporting Evidence Guidelines (BiFi REGs), supplement CONSORT 2010 by including details of the intervention protocols relevant to biofield therapy trials. BiFi REGs evolved through a draft document created by a core group, two rounds of a Delphi process with an international group of subject matter experts and two panels, meeting via Zoom, which included editors of complementary and integrative medicine journals. BiFi REGs comprises a 15-item Intervention checklist. Modifications of two other CONSORT topic areas are also proposed to enhance their relevance to trials of biofield therapies. Included for each item are an explanation, and exemplars of reporting from peer-reviewed published reports of biofield therapy trials. When used in conjunction with all other items from CONSORT 2010, we anticipate that BiFi REGs will expedite the peer review process for biofield therapy trials, facilitate attempts at trial replication and help to inform decision-making in the clinical practice of biofield therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although an increasing number of African Americans 50 years of age and older practice qigong, a mind–body exercise, to manage their health conditions, little is known about their perceptions and experiences of engaging in and learning qigong exercise. This study aimed to explore the subjective perceptions of the health benefits, engagement, adherence, and learning of qigong exercise in African Americans 45–85 years of age as a foundation for promoting this approach for African Americans' physical and psychological health. Methods: Fifteen African Americans were enrolled in a 1-h qigong exercise program twice a week for 8 weeks (a total of 16 sessions) in the activity center of a local church. Participants were interviewed after the intervention to explore their perceptions of learning and practicing qigong exercise. Interviews were conducted in person, audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis. Results: Five themes emerged: (1) Perceived benefits of practicing qigong, (2) helpful strategies for qigong learning, (3) facilitators for home qigong practice, (4) motivators for qigong exercise adherence, and (5) recommending qigong to others. qigong exercise was perceived to be effective for balance, flexibility, muscle strength, sleep quality, emotion regulation, and stress management. Nearly 75% of participants reported home qigong practice at least twice a week. Conclusions: Middle-age and older African Americans' responses provide insights on health benefits associated with practicing qigong exercise, adherence, home practice, and learning, which may serve as the first step to promoting the use of qigong exercise in this population and may be adopted to similar exercise interventions with minority older adults in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Culturally relevant exercises may help improve health and address disparities faced by older immigrants due to language and cultural barriers. Few studies have focused on such exercise interventions among older Chinese immigrants at US daycare centers. Methods. We conducted a 10-week nonrandomized controlled trial in older Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia, US. The intervention group practiced Chinese Qigong (Baduanjin) 5 days a week guided by trained research assistants and video instructions. The control group maintained their usual daily activities. We collected self-report assessments on overall health, sleep, and fatigue and implemented two computerized cognitive tests measuring psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and memory twice, preintervention and postintervention. Repeated measures general linear model (GLM) and paired samples t-tests were used for data analyses. Results. Eighty-eight older adults (Qigong, n = 53; control, n = 35) with an average age of 78.13 (SD = 5.05) were included. Groups showed no significant differences at baseline evaluation. After the 10-week exercise, the intervention group showed significant improvements in overall health (p = 0.032), fatigue (p < 0.001), and cognitive functions including memory (p = 0.01), response speed (p = 0.002), and response time (p = 0.012) on the PVT, as well as marginally significant benefits in sleep (p = 0.058). Between-group comparisons identified significant group-by-time interactions in health (p = 0.024), sleep (p = 0.004), fatigue (p = 0.004), and memory (p = 0.004). Conclusion. We revealed significant positive effects of Qigong in older Chinese immigrants across multiple health domains. Findings highlight the potential of a culturally relevant exercise in addressing health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a prevalent complication among stroke survivors. It not only directly impacts patients' cognitive abilities but also hampers their capacity to regain independence in daily activities, consequently diminishing their quality of life. Among the various cognitive deficits following stroke, impaired attention is the most frequently observed, influencing not only daily functioning but also higher cognitive functions like working memory, executive functioning, and language.Emerging evidence indicates that Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese exercise, may have a positive impact on enhancing attention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and stroke survivors. However, the precise mechanisms behind this effect remain unclear. In this study, we employed Baduanjin training as an intervention to address attention decline in post-stroke cognitive impairment patients and to delve into the potential mechanisms through which Baduanjin training may enhance attention in individuals with PSCI. Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, we plan to recruit 72 participants diagnosed with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). These participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three groups: Baduanjin training(left hemisphere stroke and right hemisphere stroke) and conventional treatment.The conventional treatment group will receive standard rehabilitation sessions. In addition to conventional treatment, participants in the octogenarian training groups will undergo octogenarian training sessions lasting 40 min, five times a week, over a total period of 12 weeks.The primary outcome measures will include the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and the Attentional Lateralization Index. These assessments will be conducted by a trained evaluator before the start of the intervention and at weeks 6 and 12 after the intervention begins.Secondary outcome measures will be assessed using the baseline Mandarin version of the Oxford Cognitive Screening (OCS-P) scale, the simplified Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Assessment (FMA) scale, the Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation (PRPS) scale, and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale before and after the intervention, respectively. Discussion: This trial aims to examine the impact of Baduanjin training on attentional lateralization among patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Functional brain imaging utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy will be employed to investigate how Baduanjin exercise influences the structural and functional connectivity of distinct brain regions or brain networks. Trial registration: Chictr.org.cn, ID: ChiCTR2300076533. Registered on 11 October 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the effects of Qigong on the anxiety state, heart rate variability (HRV), and breathing of anxious college students. Methods: A total of 37 individuals (18–25 years old) were randomly allocated to the control (n = 19) and intervention (n = 18) groups. Qigong interventions were conducted five times weekly for 12 weeks, with each session lasting 60 min. Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Fatigue Scale 14, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 36‐item Short Form Survey, HRV, and respiration data were collected before and after the 3‐month intervention. Results: Individuals who participated in the three‐month Qigong exercise intervention showed a significant reduction in anxiety, particularly mental anxiety (p < 0.05). Subjects in the intervention group presented a decrease in skin temperature (p < 0.05) and an increase in blood volume pulsation (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, HRV exhibited a significant increase in the standard deviation of interbeat interval before and after comparisons (p < 0.05) and between the two groups (p = 0.039) and a reduction in the normalized low‐frequency power after the intervention. Moreover, the intervention group experienced increased abdominal breathing depth and abdominal breathing per minute (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that Qigong is an effective mind–body exercise strategy for relieving anxiety. HRV and breathing were improved accordingly among college students after the completion of the 3‐month Qigong program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective • This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic efficacy of a combined treatment approach involving specialized head scraping (Guasha) in conjunction with Kaitianmen to manage insomnia. Methods • We conducted a study involving 90 individuals with insomnia who received treatment at our hospital between March 2022 and March 2023. These participants were selected and randomly assigned to either a research group (n = 45) or a control group (n = 45). The control group received oral Diazepam (DZ), while the research group underwent specialized head scraping and Kaitianmen therapy. Comparative assessments were made between the two groups, considering clinical efficacy, preand post-treatment Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptom scores, as well as evaluations of sleep quality and negative emotions (NEs) using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Self-rating Anxiety/Depression Scale (SAS/SDS), respectively. Additionally, a treatment satisfaction survey was administered at discharge. Results • The research group exhibited a significantly higher overall response rate compared to the control group (P < .05). Both groups displayed substantial reductions in TCM symptom scores, PSQI scores, and SAS/SDS scores following treatment, with the research group achieving even lower scores (P < .05). The treatment satisfaction survey indicated a greater degree of satisfaction among participants in the research group compared to the control group (P < .05). Conclusions • The combination of specialized head scraping and Kaitianmen therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of insomnia and offers a valid means of alleviating patients’ negative emotions. These findings suggest promising prospects for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of moving meditation exercise training on depression level and sleep quality in the elderly individuals. The present research was carried out between March 2021 and June 2022 as a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 114 individuals 65 years of age and older who were registered to 2 family health centers in a province. The Introductory Information Form, Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale (Katz ADL), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used in the study. After the 6-week intervention, participants who were in the moving meditation exercise group had lower depression and had good Sleep Quality intensity scores than those in the control group. The average depression, subjective sleep quality, sleep disorder, and overall sleep quality significantly decreased over time in the moving meditation exercise group (P < .05). Moving meditation exercise may reduce the depression level of elderly individuals and improve sleep quality. These results show that moving meditation exercise can be a supportive method for traditional treatments. In consideration of the growing health economy, it may be recommended that nurses incorporate this exercise in their professional practice and compare long-term results with other complementary practices in the Turkish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and purpose: Anxiety disorders are a heterogeneous cluster of common mental health disorders typically characterized by hyperarousal, excessive fear and worry. Unfortunately, a large portion of the world's population does not have access to traditional mental health care, this is influenced by the paucity of available psychiatric services, particularly in many low- and middle-income countries. This article will discuss how patients suffering from depression or anxiety disorders turn to non-pharmacological and unconventional interventions such as exercise, yoga, meditation, aromatherapy or music therapy. The aim of study: The purpose of this literature review was to assemble and analyse the available data about anxiety disorders. Material and method: Standard criteria were used to review the literature data. The search of articles in Pubmed database was carried out using following keywords: Anxiety disorders; depression; mental illness; alternative treatment methods. Description of the State of Knowledge: Pathologically increased anxiety is found not only in anxiety disorders per se, but also in most other types of mental illness. The first-line methods are pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Of particular interest is the use of physical activity and exercise in the treatment of anxiety disorders. This treatment is inexpensive and has few undesired effects. Exercises such as yoga, meditation, tai chi or qi gong are becoming more and more popular. Summary: Anxiety disorders can now be treated effectively. Current research focuses on individualized forms. We hope that even more effective methods of therapy will be developed than those currently available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ancient China, Daoist philosophers developed the concepts of qi (energy), Wu Xing (five elements), and yin (feminine, dark, negative) and yang (masculine, bright, positive) opposite forces between 200 and 600 BCE. Based on these philosophies, Zhen Jiu (acupuncture), Ben Cao (materia medica), and the practice of Qi Gong (energy optimization movements) evolved as the three interrelated therapeutic regimens of Chinese medicine (Note 1). Since the time of Zhang Qian, who discovered China's western regions in the 1st century BCE, Hai Yao (the exotic elements of materia medica from the maritime Silk Road countries), had been transmitted from the ancient land and maritime routes of the Silk Road to China in the past two millennia (Note 2). Since the late 17th century, the English East India Company, later called the British East India Company, introduced Yang Yao (opium) to the Manchu Qing Empire to balance a growing trade deficit for tea export from China to the British Empire. After the First Opium War ended in 1842, enterprising expatriate chemists and druggists in the treaty ports imported Xi Yao (modern medicines from the Western world) for sale to the merchant navy and the local market. From the second half of the 19th century onwards, both Hai Yao and Xi Yao have become a fully integrated part of modern China's armamentarium for the Chinese medicine and Western hospitals and retail pharmacy sectors. This paper articulates the journey of adoption of exotic elements of materia medica from the ancient land and sea routes of the Silk Road, including the western regions and the rest of the world in the past two millennia. Opium traders, ship surgeons, medical and pharmaceutical missionaries, enterprising traders, and policymakers together transformed Ben Cao into Xi Yao during the late Manchu Qing dynasty and the early Nationalist Era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical exercise training is the central component of pulmonary rehabilitation. This study aimed to further investigate the rehabilitative effects of pulmonary-based Qigong exercise (PQE) in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: In this randomized, assessor-blinded clinical trial, 44 participants with stable COPD were randomly assigned to 2 groups in a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the control group received usual care for 3 months. Participants in the intervention group received usual care combined with PQE (60 min each time, 2 times per day, 7 days per week, for 3 months). The outcome included exercise capacity, lung function test, skeletal muscle strength, dyspnea, and quality of life were measured before and after intervention. Results: A total of 37 participants completed the trial. Compared to the control group, after 3 months of PQE, the mean change in exercise capacity, skeletal muscle strength, and quality of life were statistically significant (P < 0.05, for each), but no significant differences were observed in lung function (except for the forced expiratory volume in one second) and dyspnea (P > 0.05, for each). Conclusion: The findings of study suggest that the proposed program of 3 months of PQE intervention has significant improvement in exercise capacity, skeletal muscle strength, and quality of life of COPD-stable patients. Trial registration: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Trial ID: ChiCTR-1800017405 on 28 July 2018; available at https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=28343). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a physical and mental disorder in which long-term fatigue is the main symptom. CFS patients are often accompanied by functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs), which lead to decreased quality of life and increased fatigue. Prolong-life-with-nine-turn-method (PLWNT) is a kind of physical and mental exercise. Its operation includes adjusting the mind, breathing and cooperating with eight self-rubbing methods and one upper body rocking method. PLWNT was used to improve the digestive function in ancient China and to treat FGIDs such as functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome in modern times. Previous studies have shown that PLWNT can reduce fatigue in patients with CFS. But it is unclear whether the effect of PLWNT on CFS fatigue is related to gastrointestinal function. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between PLWNT and fatigue and gastrointestinal function in patients with CFS. Methods: This study is a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (RCT). The whole study period is 38 weeks, including 2 weeks of baseline evaluation, 12 weeks of intervention and 6 months of follow-up. Ninety-six CFS patients will be stratified random assigned to the intervention group (PLWNT) and the control group (cognitive behavior treatment) in the ratio of 1:1 through the random number table generated by SPSS. In the evaluation of results, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), and Short Form 36 item health survey (SF-36) will be evaluated at week 0 (baseline), week 6 (midterm), week 12 (endpoint) and month 9 (follow up). The intestinal flora will be evaluated at week 0 (baseline) and week 12 (endpoint). The data results will be processed by statistical experts. The data analysis will be based on the intention to treat principle and per-protocol analysis. In the efficacy evaluation, repeated measurement analysis of variance will be used for data conforming to normal distribution or approximate normal distribution. The data which do not conform to the analysis of repeated measurement variance will be analyzed by the generalized estimation equation Linear discriminant analysis will be used to clarify the difference species of intestinal flora. The significance level sets as 5%. The safety of interventions will be evaluated after each treatment session. Discussion: This trial will provide evidence to PLWNT exerting positive effects on fatigue and gastrointestinal function of CFS. It will further explore whether the improvement of PLWNT on CFS fatigue is related to gastrointestinal function. Trial registration: The trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=151456 (Registration No.: ChiCTR2200056530). Date: 2022-02-07. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Qigong have a positive impact on the rehabilitation of motor function in stroke survivors, but there is no consensus on the effectiveness of Qigong on activities of daily living (ADL), neurological function, and life quality for patients with stroke. We aimed to quantitatively evaluate the effect of Qigong on non‐motor function and life quality in stroke patients. Methods: Electronic literature searches were performed for randomized controlled trials on this topic using PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure through August 2022. The primary outcome measures were the Barthel Index, neurological deficit score (NDS), and Stroke‐Specific Quality of Life Scale (SSQLS). A random‐effects model was used to calculate the pooled mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta‐analysis. Results: A total of 16 eligible randomized controlled trials with 1253 stroke patients were included. As indicated by the Barthel Index, Qigong was associated with the improvement in daily living activities of stroke patients (MD: 10.72, 95% CI: 5.88∼15.57). It was also found that Qigong was helpful in improving life quality (SSQLS, MD: 14.41, 95% CI: 5.56∼23.25) and reducing NDSs among them (NDS, MD: −4.56, 95% CI: −6.99∼−2.14). After sensitivity analysis, the effect of Qigong on these functions and life quality did not change significantly. By subgroup analysis of intervention duration, we found that long‐term intervention (MD: 11.83, 95% CI: 2.80∼20.86) had a better effect on the improvement of daily living activities than short‐term intervention (MD: 10.07, 95% CI: 6.15∼14.00) (pfor subgroup differences =.001). Conclusions: Pooled results suggested that Qigong had beneficial effects on ADL, neurological function, and life quality in stroke patients, which may provide an option for their rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the feasibility and the potential effects of adding music to meditative movement on affect and flow. Fifteen participants were recruited and they were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: (a) meditative movement without music (NM); (b) recorded music and meditative movement (RM); and (c) live music and meditative movement (LM). Participants from each group engaged individually in a 45-minute online session, practicing three qigong exercise sets. To determine the feasibility, acceptability, and practicality were investigated through the analysis of anecdotal notes, open-ended questionnaires, and video recordings. Potential effects of music and meditative movement were examined by comparing scores from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Short Flow State Scale (SFSS). Statistical tests were performed to determine pre- and post-session differences, between group differences in affect and flow, as well as the effect sizes. Results indicated that the addition of music to qigong is feasible and has a different impact on affect and flow than meditative movement alone. Adding recorded music to meditative movement led to the largest change in affect and was positively valenced. The addition of live music to qigong exercises contributed to the largest increase in flow. The feasibility and preliminary results support the scientific need for further fully-powered investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background • Taijiquan and qigong are traditional Chinese therapeutic disciplines with several health benefits and the ability to improve the quality of life of their practitioners. As traditional vegetative biofeedback therapies, they can activate functional vegetative changes in the body. These neurovegetative actions have been studied in the last few years to better explain the mechanisms through which these techniques of traditional Chinese medicine work. Primary Study Objective • To support current research, it is important to further explore these neurovegetative actions according to contemporary Chinese medicine models to clarify the mechanisms of their working in light of conventional medical terms. This study aims to explore the health benefits that these practices may produce for practitioners. Methods • 345 taijiquan and qigong practitioners were recruited for this study to assess the perceived health benefits of taijiquan and qigong. We conducted a survey to assist in this purpose. Results • Taijiquan combined with qigong may be more beneficial than taijiquan alone. Additionally, these practices seem to produce notable benefits for anxiety, depression, and other emotional disturbances. They also seem to have positive results in addressing arthritis and pain in the back, shoulder, neck, and knees. In addition, taijiquan and qigong may have benefits in managing several digestive, neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases, and provide some assistance in the management of some oncologic conditions. Conclusion • Breathing exercises, slow and controlled movement, self-massage, and directed thought are the therapeutic characteristics that allow this wide range of potential, perceived health benefits. More scientific studies are needed to confirm the mechanisms through which taijiquan and qigong may benefit health. However, it is suggested that these techniques may have an impact on health mainly via the modulation of the autonomic nervous system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]