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A fiber optic bolometer (FOB) was demonstrated observing a fusion plasma for the first time at the DIII-D tokamak. A FOB uses a fiber optics-based interferometric technique that is designed to have a high sensitivity to temperature changes [75 mK/(W/m2) responsivity in high vacuum with 0.38 mK noise level] with a negligible susceptibility to electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can be problematic for resistive bolometers in a tokamak environment. A single-channel test apparatus was installed on DIII-D consisting of a measurement FOB and shielded reference FOB. The single-channel FOB showed a negligible increase in the noise level during typical plasma operations (0.39 mK) compared to the benchtop results (0.38 mK), confirming an insignificant EMI impact to the FOB. Comparisons to DIII-D resistive bolometers showed good agreement with the single-channel FOB, indicating that the FOB is comparable to a resistive bolometer when the impulse calibration is applied. The noise-equivalent power density of the calibrated FOB during a plasma operation was 0.55 W/m2 with an average sampling time of 20 ms. The major potential effect of ionizing radiation on the FOB would be the radiation-induced attenuation, which can be efficiently compensated for by adjusting the probing light power.

Early detection of colorectal cancer and precursor lesions under colonoscopy, and timely and optimal treatment remain the crucial means for reducing colorectal cancer-related deaths. In this article, we focused on the hot spots in recent years, reviewed the progress of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of serrated lesions and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related dysplasia, the application of endocytoscopy and the management of early colorectal cancer/precancerous lesions, and provided new prospects for future studies.结肠镜下早期发现结直肠癌和前驱病变，并进行及时恰当的治疗是减少结直肠癌相关死亡的重要手段。本文就近年的关注热点——锯齿状病变和炎症性肠病（IBD）相关异型增生的诊疗进展、超放大内镜的应用及结直肠早癌和癌前病变管理进行述评及展望。.

Based on the first-principles method, we investigated the electronic properties of a BAs/arsenene (As) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure and found that it has an intrinsic type-II band alignment with a direct band gap of 0.25 eV, which favors the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. The band gap can be effectively modulated by applying vertical strain and external electric field, displaying a large alteration in the band gap via the strain and experiencing an indirect-to-direct band gap transition. Moreover, the band gap of the heterostructure varies almost linearly with external electric field, and the semiconductor-to-metal transition can be realized in the presence of a strong electric field. The calculated band alignment and optical absorption reveal that the BAs/As heterostructure could present an excellent light-harvesting performance. The absorption strength can be tuned mainly by interlayer coupling, while external electric field shows clear regulating effects on the absorption strength and absorption edge.

Summary Immune tolerance is one of the leading causes of chemotherapy resistance in carcinoma cases. Studies have shown that programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), an inhibitory molecule expressed by cancer cells, plays a significant role in immune tolerance through the induction of T cell dysfunction. The results of our RNA sequencing in previous studies revealed that microRNA-145 (miR-145), which is known to be down-regulated by cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, also represses gene PD-L1 expression. However, the mechanism by which miR-145 contributes to regulate PD-L1 expression in cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer is yet to be fully understood. Here, we show that cisplatin-mediated miR-145 down-regulation increased PD-L1 expression via targeting the c-Myc transcription factor, thereby inducing T cell apoptosis in vitro. We also report that expression of miR-145 is negatively correlated with PD-L1 expression in human ovarian cancer tissues, malignant grades and the recurrent risks of ovarian cancer after chemotherapy. In summary, our findings suggest that the miR-145/c-Myc/PD-L1 axis contributes to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer and support that miR-145 might act as an adjuvant therapeutic target in chemotherapy of ovarian cancer.

To evaluate the efficacy of the Asia-Pacific colorectal screening (APCS) score combined with the quantitative fecal immunochemical test in colorectal neoplasia screening. Subjects who appointment to receive colonoscopy were recruited from August 2017 to May 2019 in the digestive endoscopy center. Before the colonoscopy, all subjects were scored by the Asia Pacific colorectal cancer screening scoring system and measured by quantitative fecal immunochemical test (QFIT). The detection rates of colorectal neoplasia were compared to evaluate the efficacy of the combined assay in colorectal neoplasia screening between APCS score and QFIT. A total of 1 420 subjects were enrolled in this study, APCS score medium-risk (MR) and high-risk (HR) groups were 847 (59.7%) and 573 (40.4%) and 26 cases (1.8%) of colorectal cancer, 196 cases (13.8%) of advanced adenoma, and 395 cases (27.8%) of non-advanced adenoma were detected. With the combination of APCS score and QFIT, participants were classified into 4 groups high-risk with positive QFIT result group G1, high-risk with negative QFIT result group G2, medium-risk with positive QFIT group G3, medium-risk negative QFIT group G4. The prevalence of colorectal neoplasia was 64.3%, 16.4%, 55.0%, and 9.8%, respectively. The prevalence of advanced neoplasia in high-risk with QFIT results was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups. HR and positive QFIT were the indicators for further colonoscopy, and MR with FIT negative group could postpone colonoscopy and conduct annual QFIT follow-up. The combination of APCS score and QFIT for colorectal neoplasia screening can reduce unnecessary colonoscopy, improve colonoscopy compliance and screening efficiency, and has important clinical significance and promotion value in colorectal tumor screening.评估亚太结直肠癌筛查（APCS）评分系统联合定量法便潜血在结直肠肿瘤筛查的价值。选择2017年8月至 2019 年5月在解放军总医院第七医学中心消化内镜中心拟接受肠镜检查的受试者1 420例，男695例，女725例，年龄50~75岁，所有入组病例在行结肠镜检查前行APCS评分和定量便潜血检测（QFIT），比较APCS评分和QFIT各组中结直肠肿瘤检出率，以评价联合检测法在结直肠肿瘤筛查中的效能。本研究共纳入分析1 420例研究对象，其中 APCS评分中危组847例（59.7%），高危组573例（40.4%），共检出结直肠癌26例（1.8%），进展期腺瘤196例（13.8%），非进展期腺瘤395例（27.8%）；APCS 评分与QFIT联合检测可分为4组［高危组（HR）QFIT阳性G1、高危组QFIT阴性G2、中危组（MR）QFIT阳性G3、中危组QFIT阴性G4］，对结直肠肿瘤的检出率分别为64.3%、16.4%、55.0%和9.8%，APCS评分高危组QFIT阳性组进展期肿瘤检出率明显高于其他3组；HR和QFIT阳性是进一步结肠镜检查的指标，MR且QFIT阴性组可暂缓肠镜，继续年度QFIT随访。总之，APCS评分联合QFIT用于结直肠肿瘤筛查，可减少不必要的肠镜检查，提高肠镜依从性和筛查效能，在结直肠肿瘤初筛中有重要的临床意义和推广价值。.

A rare ferromagnet-antiferromagnet transition is known to exist in the solid-solution Y${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$La${}_{x}$TiO${}_{3}$ at $x$ \ensuremath{\approx} 0.3. Here, the authors study this transition using a unique battery of techniques, including magnetometry, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, muon spin rotation, neutron diffraction, and small-angle neutron scattering. The thermal magnetic phase transitions are observed not to be of conventional second-order type, but rather to be first order in nature. Furthermore, complex changes in the magnetic ground state are revealed.

Biliary and hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (AP) has become the second most common AP in China. Currently, AP is exclusively diagnosed as biliary or hyperlipidemic AP. However, as suggested by some reports, biliary and hyperlipidemic AP might coexist in a single patient. Moreover, acute lipotoxicity was shown to regulate the severity of biliary AP in the mouse model. Thus, whether these two etiologies coexist in AP patients and potentially worsen the clinical course remains unclear. To elucidate the clinical feature of a new complex type of acute pancreatitis with both biliary and hyperlipidemic etiologies.This retrospective study included AP patients who were admitted into our department within 7 days after the onset of the disease. 267 AP patients were enrolled in this study and were classified as BAP (biliary acute pancreatitis, n=153), HLAP (hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis, n=65) and BHAP (biliary-hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis, n=49). All the enrolled patients met the classification criteria of biliary etiology, hyperlipidemic etiology, and both etiologies, respectively. BHAP was compared with BAP and HLAP in terms of general information, inflammatory biomarkers, organ dysfunction, disease severity and clinical outcomes.BHAP (41 vs. 53) patients were younger than BAP patients. Serum procalcitonin of BHAP patients was higher than BAP and HLAP patients. Serum CRP of BHAP patients was higher than BAP patients. BHAP patients had the highest diagnosis rate of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) (46.9% vs. 17.6% or 21.5%) compared to BAP and HLAP. Prevalences of persistent respiratory, acute renal, and circulatory failure were highest in BHAP patients (44.9%, 28.6%, 12.2%, respectively). Requirements for mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy and vasoactive agents were also highest in BHAP patients (36.7%, 34.7%, 12.2%, respectively). Hospital stay was longer in BHAP patients (33 days) compared with BAP patients (24 days).Patients with both biliary and hyperlipidemic etiologies suffer from more severe clinical course of the disease and have worse prognosis than single-etiology BAP or HLAP patients in the early stage of AP (within 7 days). It should be recognized as a new etiological type named biliary-hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (BHAP).

A gradient honeycomb absorber with a layer of carbon-based conductive coating was developed in this work. The geometrical parameters and EM performance were investigated through both numerical simulation and free-space measurement. It is found from measurement results that honeycomb absorber has good absorption properties within frequency from 18 to 40 GHz, and superior power handling capability up to 5 kw/m2. The reflectivity over the whole frequency band is better than − 43 dB. Also, the numerical simulation achieves sound agreement with the free-space measurement. It can be promising candidate for measurement chambers of 5G millimeter phase-array antenna which needs to withstand high radiation power and high temperature.

Central vein catheterizations facilitate the establishment of reliable venous pathways in emergent medical situations. The subclavian is an important vein for central venous catheterizations. But, inadvertent arterial punctures during subclavian vein catheterizations are more dangerous than those during jugular or femoral vein catheterizations, because of the lack of a reliable compression site. We aimed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of inadvertent arterial puncture during subclavian vein catheterizations in crowded emergency rooms.We evaluated 190 patients undergoing bedside subclavian vein catheterizations in our emergency room, from which 62 patients experienced inadvertent arterial punctures. We evaluated possible risk factors from basic physical or laboratory tests that can easily be obtained in the ER, and performed Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, non-conditional logistic regression analysis, and receiver-operating characteristic curves to determine the cut-off values of the identified risk factors.We identified age, BMI, and serum pre-albumin level as significant risk factors for inadvertent arterial puncture during subclavian vein catheterization (p0.05) through regression analyses (odds ratios of 1.043, 0.719 and 0.989; and receiver-operating characteristic curves with AUCs of 0.741, 0.818, and 0.717, respectively). The cut-off values for age, BMI and serum pre-albumin level were 66.5 years old, 21.12 and 109.5 mg/L, respectively.We found that patients with poor nutritional status (BMI21.12 and serum pre-albumin109.5 mg/L) or older than 69.5 years tended to experience more accidental arterial punctures during subclavian vein catheterizations, probably due to atrophy or diminished peri-vascular support tissues in patients with poor nutritional statuses that make it difficult to obtain adequate chest extensions.

This work presents a design of 1000 MW S–CO2 coal-fired power system, containing not only a new methodology of S–CO2 power system modeling, but also the specific directions for engineering design. The coupling between computational fluid dynamics simulations at boiler scale and the mathematical modeling of the thermal cycle facilitates a high reliability of the comprehensive design. Our analysis helps identify key questions and then delivers specific directions for engineering design, especially for the pressure drop penalty in tail flue and thermal-hydraulic performance of cooling wall. The proposed flue split method coupled with parallel utilization method can not only effectively reduce the pressure drop penalty but also simplify the system heater configuration. Moreover, the thermal performance of S–CO2 cooling wall is improved by using the flue gas recirculation and cooling wall arrangement optimization. The optimized position and proportion of flue gas extraction are further obtained. Comprehensively, the proposed design of S–CO2 coal-fired power system enhances the system net efficiency up to 51.00%, with an efficient utilization of residual heat and cooling wall temperature below 700 °C.

2019版《WHO消化系统肿瘤分类》与前一版分类相隔9年，不仅出现了新的疾病类型，采用新的排版方式，还强调了癌前病变的分类、与临床预后相关的形态特征和分子病理改变，使肿瘤分类体系更加完整、准确，并紧密结合临床。胃肠上皮性肿瘤是病理诊断工作中常见的肿瘤之一，对其最新进展的认识有助于加深对该类疾病的认识，提高临床病理诊断质量。该文就2019版《WHO消化系统肿瘤分类》中胃肠上皮性肿瘤部分一些更新内容进行解读。.

Based on the solutions of physical optics (PO) and physical optics of diffraction (PTD), we propose a modified parametric scattering center model for high precise signal simulations of extended targets. Different from geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD), which is commonly used in the existing models, the solution of PTD represents the individual scattering contribution of edge diffraction, and can precisely describe the scattering field under full observation angles and polarizations. This model has higher precision than the existing ones, especially for the targets with dominant scattering centers induced by diffraction. And this model is physical where the parameters are related with geometry of the targets. To validate this model, four conducting targets with dominant contributions of diffraction are simulated in this study. The radar cross-sections (RCS) and the time-frequency representations (TFR) of backscattered waves simulated by this model are compared with those computed by a full-wave numerical method, as well as those simulated by a commonly used scattering model. The comparisons show that the results of this model have better agreement with those of the full-wave numerical method than the existing model.

This study proposes a new Ductile Failure Criterion (DFC) to predict forming limits for sheet metal forming. In this criterion, damage growth is defined by a modified McClintock formula, stretching failure is defined at Localized Necking (LN) or Fracture without LN, and the critical damage is defined as a function of strain path and initial sheet thickness. The failure definition removes the uncertainty of Post-Necking (P-N) deformation while the critical damage definition reflects the findings of many micromechanical studies. The observed strain path and sheet thickness effects on the critical damage are represented by an effect function, which can be phenomenologically determined by a set of critical tests. With the help of the determined effect function, the proposed criterion only needs a calibration at uniaxial tension. The proposed criterion is validated by calculating limit strains under linear, bilinear and strongly non-linear strain paths for different sheet materials, which include data from Numisheet 2008 and 2014 Benchmark studies. Comparison shows that the calculations and failure predictions are in good agreement with the experimental observations and comparable with the best results from benchmark participants.

We present a muon spin relaxation study of the Mott transition in BaCoS_2 using two independent control parameters: (i) pressure p to tune the electronic bandwidth and (ii) Ni-substitution x on the Co site to tune the band filling. For both tuning parameters, the antiferromagnetic insulating state first transitions to an antiferromagnetic metal and finally to a paramagnetic metal without undergoing any structural phase transition. BaCoS_2 under pressure displays minimal change in the ordered magnetic moment S_ord until it collapses abruptly upon entering the antiferromagnetic metallic state at p_cr ~ 1.3 GPa. In contrast, S_ord in the Ni-doped system Ba(Co_{1-x}Ni_{x})S_{2} steadily decreases with increasing x until the antiferromagnetic metallic region is reached at x_cr ~ 0.22. In both cases, significant phase separation between magnetic and nonmagnetic regions develops when approaching p_cr or x_cr, and the antiferromagnetic metallic state is characterized by weak, random, static magnetism in a small volume fraction. No dynamical critical behavior is observed near the transition for either tuning parameter. These results demonstrate that the quantum evolution of both the bandwidth- and filling-controlled metal-insulator transition at zero temperature proceeds as a first-order transition. This behavior is common to magnetic Mott transitions in RENiO_3 and V_2O_3, which are accompanied by structural transitions without the formation of an antiferromagnetic metal phase., 8 pages, 6 Figures

Many active faults exist in the west of China, especially strike-slip faults; thus, passing through active faults is inevitable during tunnel construction, and the stability problem of tunnels becomes an important research topic. To investigate pivotal issues caused by active faults, such as the failure modes of tunnels, considering Xianglushan tunnel as a backing project, this study examined the response law of a tunnel under a strike-slip fault in virtue of model experimental test and numerical analysis, which is a comprehensive method. On the basis of the prototype tunnel, a numerical analysis model was established to acquire the failure mode of deformation, the distribution of stress, and the internal force of lining under the dislocation of the strike-slip fault. Meanwhile, a model experimental test was performed under the strike-slip fault to monitor tunnel deformation and failure, strain distribution, ground deformation, and crack caused by the fault. First, the results of the model test were in good agreement with the numerical analysis, indicating that the liner maintains high stress state near the fracture surface but low stress state in its ends. The west haunch of the hanging wall and the east haunch of the footwall presented a tensile failure. Moreover, the east haunch of the hanging wall and the west haunch of the footwall reaching fault trace suffered in press condition lightly. According to the result of the numerical analysis, the tensioned zone of the lining was distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, which mainly focused on the longitudinal position of the wall on both sides of the tunnel in the range from 0.5 D (D is the diameter of the tunnel) to 2 D away from the fracture surface in the footwall and in the same range in the hanging wall. Second, the wrinkling range of ground was from -2.4 D to 1.3 D in the model size according to the model test. Furthermore, the failure form of lining under the strike-slip fault is a kind of combined failure, including tensile failure and direct shear failure, but shear failure is the main failure form. Last, the affected zone of lining was wider within the hanging wall than the footwall. Therefore, the footwall under the fault dislocation is the control point to resist such dislocation. This research provides a reference for the fortified range of the tunnel crossing a strike-slip fault with certain practical significance.

It is significant to inhibit the formation of ice on solid surface under some occasions in industry. The origin of ice formation on solid surface is the heterogeneous ice nucleation, which has drawn a lot of research attention in the last decade. In this work, we investigated the effects of surface fraction, pillar height, and solid surface wettability on ice nucleation using molecular dynamics simulation. Compared with that of smooth surface, the ice nucleation rates on rough surface can be enhanced or inhibited depending on the groove size, which can be attributed to the status of water molecules confined between pillars. In addition, it is found that the ice nucleation rate can be significantly weakened by reducing the solid surface free energy. More importantly, when the surface free energy is low enough, a quenching-induced mobility of nanodroplet is observed, including wandering on the solid surface or jumping away. These findings can address the importance of the coupling effect of the gap width and height of pillars, together with the quenching-induced mobility, which we believe will be helpful to understand more molecular mechanisms of heterogeneous ice nucleation.

Based on the first-principles method, the electronic spin transport properties of terphenyl molecule bridging in zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) electrodes with three connecting linkages were investigated, including dangling, heptagon, and pentagon-linkages. For the pentagon-linkage system, we observed a perfect spin filtering effect in the parallel (P) configuration (at almost 100% spin polarization), with the heptagon-linkages system following next (85–95% spin polarization), however, the spin filtering effect is almost negligible for the dangling-linkages system. In the antiparallel (AP) configuration, the pentagon- and heptagon-linkage systems also showed a high spin filtering effect. The terphenyl molecule was then replaced by carbon chains based on the pentagon-linkages, and these devices also show a perfect spin filtering effect (100% spin polarization). Finally, the thermally induced spin transport for the carbon chains model with pentagon-linkages was explored, and this system exhibits almost 100% thermal spin polarization.

We aimed at investigating the functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the pathophysiology of coronary artery spasm (CAS) and coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as to evaluate the correlation of these diseases with the number and function of EPCs, the plasma concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1).Participants were recruited into three groups, CAS, CAD and the control. The number and functions of early EPCs and outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) were determined in peripheral blood samples, and the endothelial function was evaluated by measuring endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD).No differences of baseline characteristics were found among CAS, CAD, and the control groups. The OECs isolated from CAS and CAD exhibited significant decrease in the percentage of CD34+/CD45- population, OEC colony formation, OEC proliferation and OEC tubulogenesis, nitric oxide (NO) production, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and the phosphorylation level at Ser1177 of eNOS, compared with OECs isolated from control participants. Meanwhile, FMD was significantly reduced in CAS and CAD (CAS, 4.1% ± 1.9%; CAD, 4.3% ± 1.8%; control, 11.2% ± 3.5%). FMD was positively correlated to OEC functions including NO production, eNOS phosphorylation, colony formation, and proliferation. No differences of plasma VEGF165 and SDF-1 concentrations were recorded among these three groups. Similarly, there was no correlation between plasma VEGF165 (and SDF-1) concentration and EPC number and function.EPCs show the potential of repairing damaged endothelium in CAS and CAD.

In this study, the forming limit of aluminum alloy sheet materials is predicted by developing a ductile failure criterion (DFC). In the DFC, the damage growth is defined by Mclintock formula, stretching failure is defined at localized necking (LN) or fracture without LN, while the critical damage is defined by a so-called effect function, which reflects the effect of strain path and initial sheet thickness. In the first part of this study, the DFC is used to predict forming limit curves (FLCs) of six different aluminum sheet materials at room temperature. Then, the DFC is further developed for elevated temperature conditions by introducing an improved Zener–Hollomon parameter (Z′), which is proposed to provide enhanced representation of the strain rate and temperature effect on limit strain. In warm forming condition, the improved DFC is used to predict the FLCs of Al5083-O and failure in a rectangular cup warm draw process on Al5182 + Mn. Comparison shows that all the predictions match quite well with the experimental measurements. Thanks to the proposal of effect function, the DFC needs calibration only in uniaxial tension, and thus, provides a promising potential to predict forming limit with reduced effort.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surgical technique, short-term oncological and perioperative outcomes for the transabdominal division of the levator ani muscles during abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (APER). A systematic review was performed to identify studies reporting on transabdominal division of the levator ani during APER. A comprehensive literature search was performed using a combination of free-text terms and controlled vocabulary when applicable on the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library. The search period was from January 1945 to December 2015. The following search headings were used: “transabdominal”, “transpelvic”, “abdominal” or “pelvic” combined with either “levator” or “extralevator” and with “abdominoperineal”. Nine publications were identified reporting on 99 participants. The male/female distribution was 1.44:1, respectively, and the mean age was 56.6 (30–77) years. All tumours were less than 5 cm from the anal verge. The preoperative radiological staging was T2 in 18% of cases, T3 in 53.5% and T4 in 28.5%. Transabdominal division of the levators was performed laparoscopically in 55 cases, robotically in 34 and open in 10. The mean operating time was 255 (177–640) min. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 140 (92–500) ml. There were no conversions to open. Circumferential resection margins were positive in two cases, and there was one intraoperative perforation. Mean post-operative length of stay was 9.3 (3–67) days. Follow-up (from 0 to 31 months) revealed 19 perineal wound infections, 15 cases of sexual dysfunction and 7 cases of urinary retention. There was no mortality and 1 readmission. Transabdominal division of the levators during APER is feasible and reproducible, with acceptable perioperative and good early oncological outcomes. Further comparative studies are needed.

In this paper, the gravity and magnetic data and the preliminary results of the interpretation of the artificial seismic depth sounding in the Pearl River Estuary are combined with the geological data for the discussion of the most important northeast fault in the Pearl River Delta region in terms of the characteristics of deep strata of Guangzhou-Enping fault. It is believed that the Guangzhou-Enping fault is an NE-trending deep fault with a cutting depth of more than 30km, a depth of Moho, a steep dip, and the largest extent in the Pearl River Delta, and has a certain cut with the near EW-oriented fault. Therefore, the Guangzhou-Enping fault is active to some extent which provides a channel for deep material upwelling. The deep flow of molten material is the main component of the low-velocity zone of the lower and middle crust, and the surface is characterized by rich mineral resources, hot springs and basalt exposure.

The viscosity of CaO–5MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 slag with low silica was measured by rotating cylinder method up to 1823 K. Slag compositions were chosen based on five different levels of SiO2 content between 0 and 11·80%. The MgO content was 5·0%. The mass ratio of CaO/Al2O3 was varied from 0·66 to 1·95. It was shown that viscosity decreased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing the mass ratio of CaO/Al2O3, following by an increase with further increasing the mass ratio of CaO/Al2O3. The viscosity decreased with the NBO/T ratio increasing, and the trend that flow activation energy changes with the NBO/T ratio of slag was the same as the trend that viscosity changes with the NBO/T ratio. Based on the experimental data as the boundary of the homogenous phase region, the mass triangle model was used to calculate the viscosity of low silica region.

Eu3+-doped Na2Ti6O13 (Na2Ti6O13:Eu) nanorods with diameters of 30 nm and lengths 400 nm were synthesized by hydrothermal and heat treatment methods. Raman spectra at ambient conditions indicated a pure monoclinic phase (space group C2/m) of the nanorods. The relations between structural and optical properties of Na2Ti6O13:Eu nanorods under high pressures were obtained by photoluminescence and Raman spectra. Two structural transition points at 1.39 and 15.48 GPa were observed when the samples were pressurized. The first transition point was attributed to the crystalline structural distortion. The later transition point was the result of pressure-induced amorphization, and the high-density amorphous (HDA) phase formed after 15.48 GPa was structurally related to the monoclinic baddeleyite structured TiO2 (P21/c). However, the site symmetry of the local environment around the Eu3+ ions in Na2Ti6O13 increased with the rising pressure. These above results indicate the occurrence of short-range order for the loc...