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Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) have emerged as valuable tools for the oxygenation of non-activated carbon atoms, as they exhibit high turnovers, good stability and depend only on hydrogen peroxide as the external oxidant for activity. However, the isolation of UPOs from their natural fungal sources remains a barrier to wider application. We have cloned the gene encoding an 'artificial' peroxygenase (artUPO), close in sequence to the 'short' UPO from Marasmius rotula (MroUPO), and expressed it in both the yeast Pichia pastoris and E. coli to compare the catalytic and structural characteristics of the enzymes produced in each system. Catalytic efficiency for the UPO substrate 5-nitro-1,3-benzodioxole (NBD) was largely the same for both enzymes, and the structures also revealed few differences apart from the expected glycosylation of the yeast enzyme. However, the glycosylated enzyme displayed greater stability, as determined by nano differential scanning fluorimetry (nano-DSF) measurements. Interestingly, while artUPO hydroxylated ethylbenzene derivatives to give the (R)-alcohols, also given by a variant of the 'long' UPO from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO), it gave the opposite (S)-series of sulfoxide products from a range of sulfide substrates, broadening the scope for application of the enzymes. The structures of artUPO reveal substantial differences to that of AaeUPO, and provide a platform for investigating the distinctive activity of this and related'short' UPOs.

Gaining experience and dexterity for trans-rectal cattle palpation requires substantial training. Simulation allows students to perform palpation without risks and to obtain feedback, but many believe live cattle palpation is essential. Limited research exists on the proper training method for live animal trans-rectal palpation. This study compared student improvement in laboratory palpation skills when assigned to the same cows versus choosing a cow at random. The hypothesis for the study was that students assigned the same cow, as compared to students choosing a cow at random, would be more accurate at palpation, would learn what structures are present on the ovaries and what size the reproductive tract measures, and would be able to follow the cyclicity of the cow. Cervical diameter, uterine tone, diameter of left and right uterine horns, and ovarian structures were recorded over time. Responses were compared to laboratory instructors' responses and Z-tests for proportions were used to test the differences in percentage correct at each time point for each palpation exercise. Overall the experiment showed that assigning students to certain cows will not improve their trans-rectal palpation training. However, asking students to identify specific landmarks with quantitative measurements did allow for more productive laboratory time and engaged students. The results of the present study also suggest that if there is limited time available for palpation instruction, choosing cows with behavior allowing easy handling is important to the educational process.

It was found experimentally that the yrast [Formula: see text] 2+, 4+ and 6+ states of 92Pd are almost equally spaced suggesting a vibrational band. We consider to what extent this should be considered as an evidence of maximum J-pairing for this nucleus.

Numerous studies conducted to assess welfare of domestic dogs housed in kennel facilities have reported that these dogs experience suboptimal living conditions. One important goal of improving welfare of kennelled dogs is to reduce their stress levels, and one recommended approach for improving welfare of kennelled dogs is group or social housing. The beneficial effects of management changes designed to achieve this goal should be measurable in individual animals. Stress is evident through behaviours exhibited, as well as via the concentration of cortisol, a key hormone reflecting stress. Using behavioural and hair cortisol measures, we conducted a pilot study to measure the impact of switching dogs housed in a long-term kennels facility from solitary to pair housing, using both within-subjects and between-groups comparisons. Considerable individual variation in dog responses was noted, with only two of eight pair-housed dogs showing significant declines in multiple stress-related behaviours once in pair housing. The most sensitive behaviours were active vigilance and repetitive movements (such as jumping and pacing). Barking was reduced overall in the facility following the housing change, even among dogs still in solitary housing. The long-term stress as reflected in hormone deposition in hair also provided encouraging indications that the dogs experienced lower stress levels when in paired housing; dogs showed a significant decline in hair cortisol levels from the first (prehousing change) to second (postintervention) samples. Domestic dogs are social animals, and numerous indications of potential benefit were recorded with no negative impacts seen. Based on our findings, we recommend pair or group housing of compatible dogs as a promising addition to the strategies available to those seeking to improve welfare of kennelled dogs. Future studies using higher numbers of animals and that include tracking of hair cortisol, vigilance behaviour, repetitive movements and barking would be desirable.

Background: The Cd isotopes are well studied, but experimental data for the rare isotopes are sparse. At energies above the Coulomb barrier, higher states become accessible.Purpose: Remeasure and supplement existing lifetimes and magnetic moments of low-lying states in $^{106}\mathrm{Cd}$.Methods: In an inverse kinematics reaction, a $^{106}\mathrm{Cd}$ beam impinging on a $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ target was used to Coulomb excite the projectiles. The high recoil velocities provide a unique opportunity to measure $g$ factors with the transient-field technique and to determine lifetimes from lineshapes by using the Doppler-shift-attenuation method. Large-scale shell-model calculations were carried out for $^{106}\mathrm{Cd}$.Results: The $g$ factors of the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ and ${4}_{1}^{+}$ states in $^{106}\mathrm{Cd}$ were measured to be $g({2}_{1}^{+})=+0.398(22)$ and $g({4}_{1}^{+})=+0.23(5)$. A lineshape analysis yielded lifetimes in disagreement with published values. The new results are $\ensuremath{\tau}(^{106}\mathrm{Cd};{2}_{1}^{+})=7.0(3)\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}(^{106}\mathrm{Cd};{4}_{1}^{+})=2.5(2)\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$. The mean life $\ensuremath{\tau}(^{106}\mathrm{Cd};{2}_{2}^{+})=0.28(2)\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$ was determined from the fully-Doppler-shifted $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ line. Mean lives of $\ensuremath{\tau}(^{106}\mathrm{Cd};{4}_{3}^{+})=1.1(1)\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}(^{106}\mathrm{Cd};{3}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}})=0.16(1)\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$ were determined for the first time.Conclusions: The newly measured $g({4}_{1}^{+})$ of $^{106}\mathrm{Cd}$ is found to be only 59% of the $g({2}_{1}^{+})$. This difference cannot be explained by either shell-model or collective-model calculations.

Numerous studies conducted to assess welfare of domestic dogs housed in kennel facilities have reported that these dogs experience suboptimal living conditions. One important goal of improving welfare of kennelled dogs is to reduce their stress levels, and one recommended approach for improving welfare of kennelled dogs is group or social housing. The beneficial effects of management changes designed to achieve this goal should be measurable in individual animals. Stress is evident through behaviours exhibited, as well as via the concentration of cortisol, a key hormone reflecting stress. Using behavioural and hair cortisol measures, we conducted a pilot study to measure the impact of switching dogs housed in a long-term kennels facility from solitary to pair housing, using both within-subjects and between-groups comparisons. Considerable individual variation in dog responses was noted, with only two of eight pair-housed dogs showing significant declines in multiple stress-related behaviours once in pair housing. The most sensitive behaviours were active vigilance and repetitive movements (such as jumping and pacing). Barking was reduced overall in the facility following the housing change, even among dogs still in solitary housing. The long-term stress as reflected in hormone deposition in hair also provided encouraging indications that the dogs experienced lower stress levels when in paired housing; dogs showed a significant decline in hair cortisol levels from the first (prehousing change) to second (postintervention) samples. Domestic dogs are social animals, and numerous indications of potential benefit were recorded with no negative impacts seen. Based on our findings, we recommend pair or group housing of compatible dogs as a promising addition to the strategies available to those seeking to improve welfare of kennelled dogs. Future studies using higher numbers of animals and that include tracking of hair cortisol, vigilance behaviour, repetitive movements and barking would be desirable.

Adding one neutron to doubly magic [Formula: see text]Sn, we can associate the low lying states in[Formula: see text]Sn with single particle states. Thus, the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] states are identified as the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] single particle states, respectively. In [Formula: see text]Sn, these two low lying states are separated by an energy of 0.172[Formula: see text]MeV. Currently, there is a dispute as to the ordering of these states. We examine how the two scenarios, selecting [Formula: see text] as the ground state or [Formula: see text] as the ground state, affect spectra and nuclear [Formula: see text] factors of higher mass Sn isotopes in a variety of shell model situations. Significantly, this includes examining the complex interplay of the choice of single particle state splitting, effective interactions, and effective [Formula: see text]-factors in nuclear shell model calculations. Of particular importance is how the trends in the calculated results for [Formula: see text] factors diverge from recent experimental measurements for the higher mass isotopes of Sn.

In this study, the structure of the semimagic Sn50 isotopes were previously studied via measurements of B(E2;21+ → 01+) and g factors of 21+ states. The values of the B(E2;21+) in the isotopes below midshell at N = 66 show an enhancement in collectivity, contrary to predictions from shell-model calculations. This work presents the first measurement of the 21+ and 41+ states' magnetic moments in the unstable neutron-deficient 110Sn. The g factors provide complementary structure information to the interpretation of the observed B(E2) values.

Both theoretical descriptions of nuclei and experimental techniques for measuring magnetic moments have become very sophisticated. Yet, in general, good agreement between calculations and measurements still eludes us. Highlights are presented of new measurements of g factors of mixedsymmetry states in 92,94Zr, of the 4 1 + state in 70Ge, and of the 2 1 + states in some S and Ar isotopes.

Calculations of B(E2)’s and quadruplole moments in the g9/2 region below 100 Sn are hampered by the fact that the inclusion of the g7/2 configuration leads to model spaces that are too large to handle. We therefore examine lighter nuclei if the fp region where one can easily include all the orbitals, f, 7/2 , p3/2, p1/2 and f5/2. We perform such calculations but then take a step back and exclude the f5/2 orbital. By comparing the 2 calculations we can hope to get insight into the importance of the missing spin-orbit partner in other regions.

The g factors of the 2 1 + and 4 1 + states in radioactive 52 Ti ( T 1 / 2 = 1.7 m ) have been measured for the first time using the technique of α transfer to 48 Ca beams in inverse kinematics, in combination with transient magnetic fields. In addition, employing the Doppler-shift-attenuation method, the lifetime of the 2 1 + state has been re-determined with much higher precision while the lifetime values of the 4 1 + and the 2 3 + states were obtained for the first time. The B ( E 2 ) and g factor results were compared with the results obtained within the framework of full fp spherical shell model calculations using several recent effective interactions commonly utilized in this mass region. The two measured g factors were accounted for by none of the calculations except for the FPD6 calculation with modified input single-particle energies. The new data were also discussed in relation to the neighbouring isotopes, 48,50 Ti, isotones, 50,52,54 Cr, and the magic N = 28 shell closure. Our calculations generally reproduce well the trends of the data in terms of their dependence on neutron number.

Measurements of g factors and lifetimes of the 2 1 + states in 36,38Ar have been performed via α-transfer reactions using 32S and 34S ions in inverse kinematics combined with the techniques of transient magnetic fields and Doppler-shift-attenuation. The variations, with the neutron number, of the measured g factors and B ( E 2 ) values of 36,38,40Ar have been explained by large-scale shell model calculations. The good agreement achieved between experiment and theory demonstrates the impact of the effective nucleon–nucleon interactions and the magic N = 20 shell closure. The present new results are a very good show-case for the universal difference in sensitivity of excitation energies, magnetic moments and electromagnetic transition probabilities to nuclear wave functions behaviour as closed shells are approached, crossed, and left behind. Aspects of the collectivity of these nuclei are also discussed from the perspective of a simple vibrational model.

The g factor of the first excited 2 + state in 46 Ca has been remeasured with better accuracy than previously obtained, g(2 + , 46 Ca) =− 0.26(6). The experiment utilized the transient field technique combined with Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics. This result was analyzed in terms of shell model plus deformed core calculations. The positive g factors of the 2 + states in 42 Ca and 44 Ca suggest that the 2 + state wave functions require significant particle–hole excitations of the Z = 20, N = 20 core. The new data for 46 Ca show that (fp) 6 configurations dominate near the shell closure at 48 Ca and indicate that core excitation plays a lesser role than was hitherto believed.

The g factor of the 2 1 + state in 44 Ca has been measured using the transient field technique and Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics. A positive value of g(2 1 + , 44 Ca )=+0.12±0.05 was deduced. The result suggests the ( fp ) 4 ν configuration competes with excitations of the 40 Ca core. A simple model which considers that the wave function for the 2 1 + state consists of approximately equal admixtures of spherical four valence neutron configurations and a deformed core configuration accounts for the experimentally observed g factor as well as the previously measured quadrupole moment.

We adopt a personal approach here reviewing several calculations over the years in which we have experienced confrontations between cluster models and the shell model. In previous cluster conferences we have noted that cluster models go hand in hand with Skyrme Hartee-Fock calculations in describing states which cannot easily, if at all, be handled by the shell model. These are the highly deformed (many particle - many hole) intruder states, linear chain states e.t.c. In the present work we will consider several topics; the quadrupole moment of $^{6}$Li, the non-existence of low lying intruders in $^{8}$Be, and then jumping to the $f_{7/2}$ shell, we discuss the two-faceted nature of the nuclei - sometimes displaying shell model properties, other times cluster properties., Comment: 12 pages 7/17/00 Added paragraph and references

We consider the ratio RE4 = B(E2,4\rightarrow2)/B(E2,2\rightarrow 0) for the lowest 2^{+} and 4^{+} states in even-even nuclei. In the rotatonal and vibrational models and the shell model calculations here considered, RE4 is greater than one, however empirically, using adopted values from NNDC for ^{48}Cr and ^{50} Cr this ratio is less than one.

We examine the consequences of using a surface delta interaction to obtain the nuclear magnetic dipole g factors for 86Kr in a 2 proton hole model space. We find that the g factors of lowest the 2+ and 4+ states are equal to one, or more properly gl. The inclusion of a spin-orbit interaction is also discussed. Comparisons are made with large space calculations.

The evolution of shell structure and the fragility of the benchmark magic numbers is a topic of major interest in nuclear-structure physics. The authors measured the structure-sensitive $g$ factors of states in unstable even-even strontium isotopes, following $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-pickup reactions by krypton beams from a carbon target. The results help elucidate how protons and neutrons contribute to the evolution of nuclear structure in this important mass region where rapid structural changes occur.

In this work we look at the low-lying nuclear structure properties of several $N=Z$ nuclei residing between the doubly magic nuclei ${}^{40}$Ca and ${}^{100}$Sn. Using large shell model codes, we calculate and discuss the systematics of energies. We show energy levels, $B(E2)$'s, static quadrupole moments, and $g$ factors of these $N=Z$ nuclei. In all cases, we compare the results of two different interactions which yield significantly different occupation numbers. We compare our shell model results with those of the rotational and vibrational models. By examining $B(E2)$'s and static quadrupole moments, we make associations with collective models and find that in the model space considered here, ${}^{88}$Ru is oblate. The quadrupole moment of the lowest 2${}^{+}$state of ${}^{92}$Pd is calculated to be very small. This would appear to support a vibrational picture and indeed recent measurements give equally spaced levels up to $J={6}^{+}$ but the authors also point out that the $B(E2)$'s do not steadily increase as is required by such a model.

Background: The interplay between single-particle and collective excitations in the 30 ≤Z≤ 40 and 30 ≤N≤ 50 even-even isotopes has been examined in light of recent new measurements of magnetic moments of 41+, 22+, and 21+ states. Purpose: The g factors of the 41+ and 22+ states in the 72,74,76Ge isotopes have been measured for the first time and the g(21+) values have been remeasured. Methods: The transient field (TF) technique in inverse kinematics with a variety of targets has been applied, following Coulomb excitation of the relevant states. The data have been analyzed within the framework of the IBA-II model. Large-scale shell-model calculations have been performed within the p3/2,p1/2,f 5/2,g9/2 orbital space for both protons and neutrons with the JUN45 and JJ4B interactions. Results: The measured Ge g factors were compared to the g factors of the low-lying states of the neighboring Zn, Ge, Se, Kr, and Sr isotopes. The results were evaluated in the context of the systematics of g factors in the A∼80 region. Conclusions: The predictions based on the classic collective model and the interacting boson model IBA-II agree with the experimental results. No evidence for shell closure was found for neutrons at N=38 or N=40. © 2013 American Physical Society.

Calculations are performed for energies of isobaric analog states with isospins T=2 and T=3 in regions where they have been found experimentally e.g. f-p shell, and regions where they have not yet been found e.g. g_{9/2} near Z=50,N=50. We consider two approaches--one using binding energy formulas and Coulomb energies contained therein and the other using shell model calculations. It is noted that some (but not all) calculations yield very low excitation energies for the J=0^{+} T=2 isobaric analog state in ^{96} Ag.

Background: The $g$ factors and lifetimes of the 2${}_{1}^{+}$ states in the stable, proton-rich Sn isotopes have been measured, but there is scant information on neutron-rich Sn isotopes.Purpose: Measurement of the $g$ factor and the lifetime of the 2${}_{1}^{+}$ state at 1.141 MeV in neutron-rich ${}^{126}$Sn (${T}_{1/2}=2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}y$).Method: Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics together with the transient field and the Doppler shift attenuation techniques were applied to a radioactive beam of ${}^{126}$Sn at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility.Results: $g({2}_{1}^{+})=\ensuremath{-}0.25(21)$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}({2}_{1}^{+})=1.5(2)$ ps were obtained.Conclusions: The data are compared to large-scale shell-model and quasiparticle random-phase calculations. Neutrons in the ${h}_{11/2}$ and ${d}_{3/2}$ orbitals play an important role in the structure of the 2${}_{1}^{+}$ state of ${}^{126}$Sn. Challenges, limitations, and implications for such experiments at future rare isotope beam facilities are discussed.

Background: The evolution of and interplay between single-particle and collective excitations in the 40 $\ensuremath{\leqslant}N\ensuremath{\leqslant}$ 50 range for ${}_{38}$Sr and ${}_{40}$Zr isotopes have been studied.Purpose: Measurement of the $g$ factor of the 2${}_{1}^{+}$ and 4${}_{1}^{+}$ states in radioactive ${}^{88}$Zr while simultaneously remeasuring the $g({2}_{1}^{+})$ factors in the Sr isotopes and extention of the measurements to higher energy states in the Sr isotopes. Lifetimes of states in these nuclei are determined.Methods: The transient field technique in inverse kinematics and line-shape analysis using the Doppler-shift attenuation method are applied. The ${}^{88}$Zr nuclei were produced by the transfer of an $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particle from the ${}^{12}$C nuclei of the target to ${}^{84}$Sr nuclei in the beam. The excited states in the stable ${}^{84}$Sr isotopes were simultaneously populated via Coulomb excitation by ${}^{12}$C in the same target. Coulomb excitation measurements on ${}^{86,88}$Sr were carried out with the same apparatus.Results: The resulting $g$ factors and $B(E2)$ values of these nuclei reveal similarities between the two chains of Zr and Sr isotopes. Large-scale shell-model calculations were performed within the ${p}_{3/2},{f}_{5/2},{p}_{1/2},{g}_{9/2}$ orbital space for both protons and neutrons and yielded results in agreement with the experimental data.Conclusions: In this paper the magnetic moments and lifetimes of several low-lying states in ${}^{88}$Zr and ${}^{84.86,88}$Sr have been measured and compared to large-scale shell-model calculations.

Background: The experimental study of $g(Ig2)$ factors of nuclear states can provide information about the evolution of collectivity in certain regions of the nuclear chart, and assist in obtaining a microscopic description of the nuclear wave functions. The measurements and explanations of $g(Ig2)$ factors are still a challenge for experiments and theory.Purpose: Measurement of the $g({2}_{1}^{+})$ and $g({4}_{1}^{+})$ factors, the latter for the first time, in the ${\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}_{44}^{96}$Ru nucleus. Comparison of the experimental results with calculations using the shell model and collective models.Methods: The experiments made use of the transient field technique, using a Coulomb-excitation reaction in inverse kinematics. Large scale shell model calculations were performed; comparisons with previous theoretical predictions, using the tidal-wave model and the hydrodynamical model, were carried out.Results: The values of $g({2}_{1}^{+})=+0.46(2)$ and $g({4}_{1}^{+})=+0.58(8)$ were experimentally obtained. While the $g({2}_{1}^{+})$ value agrees with the hydrodynamical model prediction of $g=Z/A=+0.46$, the $g({4}_{1}^{+})$ is in agreement with the shell model predictions. The trend of the experimental $g$ factors, as a function of nuclear spin, is not reproduced by the theoretical models discussed.Conclusions: Measurements of $g({2}_{1}^{+})$ and $g({4}_{1}^{+})$ in ${}^{96}$Ru were performed. Further theoretical efforts are necessary to explain the trend of the $g$ factors as a function of nuclear spin for the ${}^{96}$Ru nucleus. Future measurements of $g({4}_{1}^{+})$ should reduce the uncertainty of the result.

This Environmental Resource Inventory (ERI) was prepared by Dewberry for the City of Englewood Environmental Commission funded by a grant from the Association of New Jersey Environmental Commissions. As part of this ERI, a series of Geographic Information System (GIS) maps were prepared from a number of digital data sources which were subsequently "clipped" to a buffer around the Englewood municipal boundary. The GIS work consisted of a suite of 25 maps including recent and historic aerial photographs, cultural resources, surface water and wetlands, flood plains, soils, bedrock geology, aquifers, etc. The presence of mapped natural resources provides a depiction of areas suitable for development, and areas to be avoided. Work conducted for this ERI also includes text support for the maps describing these natural resources and their importance and limitations to the future growth of the City. Results of the ERI indicated that although the Land Use is 90% urban, many natural resources do exist and should be considered during the planning process. The natural resource GIS layers can be combined into a comprehensive map to depict areas suitable for development, and areas less suitable for land disturbance.

Department of Physics, Millsaps College, Jackson, MS 39210,(Dated: July15,2011)The absence of certain LS states in atoms leads to the vanishing of several 6-j symbols.One ofthesevanishing6-j’sexpainstheabsenceofacertain jjcouplingstateinanucleuswhiletheotherexplainsthevanishingofacertainstateforasystemofthreebosons.Thisispartofacontinuatingstudyof“companion problems”.Wealsorelatethevanishingofa6-jsymbolrelevanttothefshellofeletrons,duetoRacah,tothevanishingofa6-jsymbolrelevanttogshellelectrons,duetoJudd.

The transient field (TF) technique in inverse kinematics was used to measure the g factors of the low lying 2{sub 1}{sup +}, 4{sub 1}{sup +}, and 2{sub 2}{sup +} states in {sup 106}Pd. The g factor of the 4{sub 1}{sup +} state was determined and the g(2{sub 1}{sup +}) and g(2{sub 2}{sup +}) factors were remeasured. The values of g(2{sub 1}{sup +}) and g(2{sub 2}{sup +}) had been determined earlier in integral perturbed angular correlation (IPAC) experiments and the value of the former served to calibrate the TF. The three g factors, g(2{sub 1}{sup +}), g(2{sub 2}{sup +}), and g(4{sub 1}{sup +}), agree with each other and with the collective Z/A value. The uncertainties in the g(2{sub 2}{sup +}) and g(4{sub 1}{sup +}) factors remain fairly large in spite of long measuring times because of the weak excitation of the two-phonon states. The lifetimes of the 2{sub 2}{sup +} and 4{sub 1}{sup +} states were newly determined from line-shape fits.

In calculations of isoscalar magnetic moments of odd-odd N=Z nuclei, it was found that, for medium- to heavy-mass nuclei, large-scale shell-model calculations yielded results that were very close to those obtained with the much simpler single-j shell model. To understand this, we compare isoscalar and isovector core-polarization configuration-mixing contributions to the magnetic moments of mirror pairs in first-order perturbation theory, using a spin-dependent {delta} interaction. We fit the strength of the {delta} interaction by looking at isovector and isoscalar mirror pairs. We then use the same interaction to calculate corrections due to first-order core polarization of the magnetic moments of odd-odd nuclei.

We examine two recent effective shell model interactions, JUN45 and JJ4B, that have been proposed for use in the ${f}_{5/2},{p}_{3/2},{p}_{1/2},{g}_{9/2}$ model space for both protons and neutrons. We calculate a number of quantities that did not enter into the fits undertaken to fix the parameters of both interactions. In particular we consider the static quadrupole moments ($Q$'s) of excited states of the even-even $^{70\ensuremath{-}76}\mathrm{Ge}$ isotopes, as well as the $B(E2)$ values in these nuclei. (We previously studied $^{70}\mathrm{Zn}$ isotopes using JJ4B.) Some striking disagreements between the JUN45 predictions and the experimental results had already been noted for the quadrupole moments of the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ states, $Q({2}_{1}^{+}$)'s, of these nuclei. We investigate whether these discrepancies also occur for the JJ4B interaction. Subsequently, we also apply both interactions to calculate the $Q$'s of some more highly excited states and compare the two sets of predictions regarding the nature of the nuclear states under consideration. We seek to understand the measured signs of the $Q({2}_{1}^{+}$)'s in the isotopic Ge chain by looking at a simple single-$J$shell model and also at the collective vibrational and rotational pictures.

We study the role of configuration mixing in the heavier even-even isotopes of argon. We begin by limiting the configurations of the even-even Ar isotopes to $({d}_{3/2}^{2}){}_{\ensuremath{\pi}} ({f}_{7/2}^{n}){}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$. There, due to the particular location in this shell-model space of $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ and $^{44}\mathrm{Ar}$, we find that the spectra, $B(E2)$'s, and magnetic moments of these two nuclei are identical. Any deviation from this equality is direct evidence of configuration mixing. In a larger shell-model space there are significant differences between these two nuclei, with $^{44}\mathrm{Ar}$ being more collective. We also consider other even-even isotopes of argon and study how their nuclear structure effects evolve with N. We compare in the full $0\ensuremath{\hbar} \ensuremath{\omega}$ space $(\mathit{sd}){}_{\ensuremath{\pi}} (\mathit{fp}){}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ the results of calculations with the WBT interaction and with the newer SDPF, denoted SDPF-U, interaction.

The $g$ factors and mean lifetimes of several short-lived low-lying states in ${}_{30}^{70}$${\mathrm{Zn}}_{40}$ have been measured using the techniques of projectile Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics combined with transient magnetic fields and the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The present results have been interpreted within the framework of large-scale shell-model calculations that include the ${g}_{9/2}$ orbital.

To clarify the cause of their impotence, 20 diabetic patients underwent detailed assessments of: diabetic autonomic neuropathy (acetylcholine sweatspot test, pupil test-PD%, five cardiovascular tests); vascular disease (radioisotope phallogram, response to intracorporeal papaverine); nocturnal penile rigidity; psychiatric disturbance (General Health Questionnaire). Results suggested cause as: vascular 7/20 (35%), vascular and autonomic neuropathy 7/20 (35%), autonomic neuropathy 3/20 (15%), psychiatric disturbance 2/20 (10%), beta-blockers 1/20 (5%). The sweatspot test appeared to be the most sensitive assessment of autonomic neuropathy. Investigations suggested an alternative aetiology in all cases with a normal sweatspot test. In one patient with autonomic neuropathy, high deep-artery velocity on Doppler but loss of papaverine-induced erection, dynamic cavernosography revealed venous leakage; impotence was improved by surgical venous ligation. The results suggest that most impotence in diabetics has an organic basis. The sweatspot test (ideally in conjunction with cardiovascular tests and pupil test) and response to intracorporeal papaverine may identify and categorise most of these patients. Those with normal tests are unlikely to have organic disease and could be referred for psychosexual/psychiatric counselling. Doppler studies may identify those who need investigating for venous leakage. The others could then, in the first instance, be offered one of the recently described non-invasive devices for overcoming diabetic impotence. Self-administered intracorporeal papaverine may also be considered, but only a minority of diabetic patients seem to respond.

Lawson has shown that one can obtain sensible wave functions even in the weak deformation limit of the Nilsson model as long as one projects out states of good total angular momentum. We apply this method to obtain wave functions and magnetic [Formula: see text] factors of excited states of select even–even Ar isotopes with emphasis on the comparison of [Formula: see text]Ar and [Formula: see text]Ar. These [Formula: see text] factors are compared with the values that are obtained by matrix diagonalization in the same space using the WBT residual interaction.

We have redetermined the $g$ factor and the lifetime of the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ state in $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ by applying the technique of \ensuremath{\alpha} transfer from a carbon target to $^{36}\mathrm{S}$ beams in inverse kinematics combined with transient magnetic fields. In addition, the lifetimes of the ${4}_{1}^{+}$ and the ${2}_{2}^{+}$ states in $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ have been remeasured using the Doppler-shift-attenuation method (DSAM). Additional experimental details of the \ensuremath{\alpha}-transfer measurements are provided. The results are discussed within the framework of new large-scale shell model calculations with both free and effective nucleon $g$ factors.

The g-factor of the very short-lived ( τ = 0.12 ( 1 ) ps ) 2 1 + state at 3.290 MeV in 36S, g ( 2 1 + ) = + 1.3 ( 5 ) , has been determined for the first time by utilizing the Coulomb excitation of 36S beams in inverse kinematics combined with the transient field technique. In addition, for the 3 1 − state (with τ = 0.9 ( 1 ) ps ) at 4.192 MeV, a value of g ( 3 1 − ) = + 0.8 ( 5 ) was obtained. In the same experiment, the g-factor of the 2 1 + state in 40Ar has been remeasured using the α-transfer reaction on the same carbon target. Lifetimes of several excited states in both 36S and 40Ar were also redetermined using the Doppler-shift-attenuation method. The new experimental g-factors and deduced B ( E 2 ) values were compared with results of shell-model calculations with the WBT effective interaction and the s d f p shell model space. Comparisons with previous results for 32,34,38,40S and 36,38,40Ar shed light on how the properties of the Ar and S isotopes change as the N = 20 shell closure is approached, crossed, and left behind.

We have redetermined the g factor and the lifetime of the 21+ state in 40Ar by applying the technique of alpha transfer from a carbon target to 36S beams in inverse kinematics combined with transient magnetic fields. In addition, the lifetimes of the 41+ and the 22+ states in 40Ar have been remeasured using the Doppler-shift-attenuation method (DSAM). Additional experimental details of the alpha-transfer measurements are provided. The results are discussed within the framework of new large-scale shell model calculations with both free and effective nucleon g factors

The g factors of the 2{sub 1}{sup +},3{sub 1}{sup -}, and 4{sub 1}{sup +} states of {sup 70}Ge have been measured by the transient field technique. The measured value, g(4{sub 1}{sup +})=+0.5(2) is in good agreement with the results of shell-model calculations within the full fp configuration space and with the nuclear g-factor systematics in this region. The measured g(4{sub 1}{sup +}) is consistent with the recently reported positive g(4{sub 1}{sup +}) value for {sup 68}Zn, the N=38 isotone of {sup 70}Ge. The determination of the logarithmic slope of the particle-{gamma} angular correlations is discussed for two typical arrangements of transient field experiments.

In two recent papers a negative g factor was reported for the 4{sub 1}{sup +} state in {sup 68}Zn. The negative sign is unexpected. It is not consistent with the systematics of g factors in the neighboring Zn and Ge isotopes and could not be explained by shell-model calculations even when significant contributions of the 0g{sub 9/2} neutrons were included. Therefore, an independent g factor measurement was performed, using {sup 68}Zn projectiles which were accelerated to a higher energy in order to obtain a higher yield for the 4{sub 1}{sup +} state. The new measurement yielded a positive g factor, g(4{sub 1}{sup +})=+0.6(3), which agrees with the results of full fp spherical shell model calculations, as well as with Z/A, the collective model prediction.

The $g$ factor of the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ state in $^{70}\mathrm{Ge}$ was remeasured using a different experimental approach. Furthermore, for the first time an experimental value (although with a large uncertainty) was obtained for the $g$ factor of the ${2}_{2}^{+}$ state in $^{70}\mathrm{Ge}$. All this was accomplished by employing the technique of \ensuremath{\alpha} transfer to an energetic $^{66}\mathrm{Zn}$ ion beam in inverse kinematics combined with transient magnetic fields in ferromagnetic gadolinium. The value of the $g({2}_{1}^{+})$ factor obtained ranges from +0.32(11) to +0.43(12), subject to certain assumptions. This range of values is in general agreement with the range of values in the literature, where Coulomb excitation and different IMPAC techniques were used. Lifetimes of several low-lying states were redetermined using the Doppler-Shift-Attenuation-Method. The deduced $B(E2)$ values and the $g({2}_{1}^{+})$ factor are discussed within the framework of large-scale full $\mathit{fp}$ shell model calculations with a closed $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ core and including excitations from the ${f}_{7/2}$ orbital. The results are compared with recent data for $^{68}\mathrm{Ge}$ and $^{68}\mathrm{Zn}$.