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Introduction Cardiovascular disease, as reported by The World Health Organization (WHO), is the largest contributor to global mortality and it is supposed to dominate mortality trends in the future (WHO [...], One of many risk factors for cardiovascular disease appears to be oxidative stress. To estimate possible changes in redox balance, membrane fluidity, and cholesterol level in erythrocytes was collected erythrocytes from patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). The study included 20 patients with previous myocardial infarction occurring more than 6 months prior to the time of screening with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >70 mg/dL and 21 healthy controls. The following parameters were studied: catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates (TBARS), sulfhydryl (SH) groups in membrane protein, total cholesterol level, and erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Our study showed an increase in the level of lipid peroxidation (13%) and total cholesterol (19%), and a decrease in membrane fluidity (14%) in the subsurface layers and in the deeper layers of erythrocyte membrane (7%) isolated from patients with CAD in comparison to healthy controls. A significant decrease in catalase (10%) and SOD (17%) activities were also observed. No changes in GPx activity or the level of SH groups were observed. Our study indicates that there are disorders in the antioxidant system as well as changes in the membrane structure of erythrocytes obtained from CAD patients. Key words: coronary artery disease, lipid peroxidation, total cholesterol, membranes fluidity, antioxidant system. Le stress oxydant semble constituerun des nombreux facteurs de risque de developper une maladie cardiovasculaire. Nous avons ainsi decide d'evaluer le lien qui existe entre les changements possibles de l'equilibre redox, la fluidite membranaire et le niveau de cholesterol, dans des erythrocytes preleves de patients chez qui l'on a diagnostique une maladie coronarienne (MC). Cette etude impliquait 20 patients ayant presente un infarctus du myocarde au moins 6 mois avant la periode de selection et dont les LDL-C etaient > 70 mg/dl, et 21 sujets sains. Les parametres suivants ont ete etudies: activite des enzymes antioxydantes soit la catalase (CAT), la glutathion peroxydase (GPx), la superoxyde dismutase (SOD), les substrats reactifs a l'acide thiobarbiturique (TBARS), les groupes SH des proteines membranaires, le niveau de cholesterol total et la fluidite membranaire des erythrocytes. Notre etude a revele un accroissement de la peroxydation lipidique (13 %) et du cholesterol total (19 %), et une diminution de la fluidite membranaire (14 %) dans les couches sous la surface et de 7 % dans les couches plus profondes de la membrane des erythrocytes isoles de patients avec MC comparativement au groupe sain. Une diminution significative de l'activite de la CAT (10 %) et de la SOD (17 %) a aussi ete observee. Aucun changement d'activite de la GSH-Px ou de niveau de groupes SH n'a ete note. Notre etude a mis en evidence des perturbations du systeme antioxydant ainsi que des changements de la structure de la membrane des erythrocytes preleves de patients ayant re^u un diagnostic de MC. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: maladie coronarienne, peroxydation lipidique, cholesterol total, fluidite membranaire, systeme antioxidant.

For some decades, an increase in propagation of coronary heart disease, obesity, diabetes, tumors and mental disorders has been observed. Consequently, new and effective methods of treatment of these diseases using drugs and diet supplements have been developed. A promising solution is the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of some diseases. These compounds have broad application in prevention of many diseases and are used to support standard therapies. Their activity is connected with participation in metabolic processes regulating biochemical transformations in cells and tissues. Omega-3 fatty acids regulate production of cytokines, increased levels of which may contribute to occurrence of chronic inflammatory diseases, autoaggression of the immunological system, arteriosclerosis or tumor development. These substances exert a beneficial effect on the blood system by improvement of blood circulation and nerve signal transmission. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of irregular heartbeat, stabilize arterial pressure, and restore balance in cholesterol metabolism disorders. They also play a key role in maintaining physical and mental efficiency; thus administration of these compounds for young children is of great importance. Nevertheless, administration of omega-3 fatty acids in the diet seems to be essential. The purpose of this study is to present the structure and sources of omega-3 and – 6 fatty acids and discuss the problems concerning therapeutic use of these compounds in various disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civilization development is associated with immense progress in science and significant improvement of human living conditions but simultaneously it contributes to many health problems including metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a set of mutually associated factors including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, lipids disorders and hypertension, which is the main cause of development of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. The first line of defense against metabolic syndrome is a change of life style including body mass reduction, application of a low-calorie diet and performance of physical activity. In spite of the simplicity of therapy, long-term success of the above treatment among patients is observed seldom because it is very difficult to obey rigorous rules. Nowadays, it is considered that diet supplements including antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty acids and mineral elements are helpful in metabolic syndrome treatment due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is considered that a health balanced diet enriched with various diet supplements may be the best strategy in metabolic syndrome treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]