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The Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA) is one of the top insect collections in the United States with in excess of eight million curated specimens and significant amounts of materials in bulk collections and other unprocessed samples. The subphylum Myriapoda currently comprises approximately 17,500 species in the four classes Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla, and Pauropoda. The FSCA houses type material in the Diplopoda orders Callipodida, Chordeumatida, Glomeridesmida, Julida, Polydesmida, Polyzoniida, Siphonophorida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida. This catalog documents the FSCA primary type material for 74 species in 45 genera in 25 families and nine orders within Diplopoda.

Poratioides disparatus Loomis, 1973: 322 Remarks: Currently missing, no outstanding loan form was found; currently synonymized under Poratia digitata (Porat, 1889) by Golovatch & Sierwald (2001)., Published as part of Keller, Oliver, Dunn, Ann & Soto-Adames, Felipe, 2023, An annotated catalog of the primary type material of Myriapoda deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, FL, USA, pp. 230-250 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 247, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7960066, {"references":["Loomis, H. F. (1973) Poratioides disparatus, a tiny new stylodesmid milliped from South Florida, mostly represented by females. Florida Entomologist, 56 (4), 321 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3493812","Golovatch, S. I & Sierwald, P. (2001 [2000]) Review of the millipede genus Poratia Cook & Cook, 1894 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Pyrgodesmidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 9 (3), 181 - 192."]}

Docodesmus coxalis Loomis, 1975a: 170 Remarks: Currently missing, no outstanding loan form was found., Published as part of Keller, Oliver, Dunn, Ann & Soto-Adames, Felipe, 2023, An annotated catalog of the primary type material of Myriapoda deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, FL, USA, pp. 230-250 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7960066, {"references":["Loomis, H. F. (1975 a) New millipeds in a noteworthy collection from Jamaica. Florida Entomologist, 58 (3), 167 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3493402"]}

Berlesedesmus flagellipes Loomis, 1975a: 169 Remarks: Currently missing, no outstanding loan form was found., Published as part of Keller, Oliver, Dunn, Ann & Soto-Adames, Felipe, 2023, An annotated catalog of the primary type material of Myriapoda deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, FL, USA, pp. 230-250 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7960066, {"references":["Loomis, H. F. (1975 a) New millipeds in a noteworthy collection from Jamaica. Florida Entomologist, 58 (3), 167 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3493402"]}

Myrmecodesmus reddelli Shelley, 2004: 1175 Syntype: 1 ♂. Polydesmida: Pyrgodesmidae / Myrmecodesmus reddelli Shelley / M, 3F SYNTYPES / Sig. Shelley, 2002 // Polydesmida: Pyrgodesmidae / Unknown den. & sp.—M, 2F/ Det. Shelley, 2002 // 7.5 mi. N. Boerne, Kendall Co., Tex./ 15 Mar. 1969. J. Reddell // [barcode label] FSCA 00070881. Conservation status: Good condition; in 75% EtOH; gonopodia in microvial. Additional notes: Vial also contains 3 ♀♀ syntypes; same location data; FSCA 00070799, FSCA 00070812, FSCA 00070786., Published as part of Keller, Oliver, Dunn, Ann & Soto-Adames, Felipe, 2023, An annotated catalog of the primary type material of Myriapoda deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, FL, USA, pp. 230-250 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7960066

Cryptocorypha (?) sp. Material examined (7 ♀♀, 2 subad. ♀) TANZANIA • 1 ♀; Iringa Region, Iringa District, New Dabaga / Ulangambi Forest Reserve, trapsite Kinyonga; 08°00′26.6″ S, 35°56′06.1″ E; 1910 m a.s.l.; Oct. 2000; Frontier Tanzania leg.; scrub /thicket; NHMD 621841 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; plot Kinyonga; 24 Oct. 2000; montane forest; NHMD 621842 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1904 m a.s.l.; 20 Oct. 2000; scrub/ thicket/ bush; NHMD 621843 • 2 ♀♀, 1 subad. ♀; same collection data as for preceding; plot Black Wattle; 08°03′59.2″ S, 35°54′01.3″ E; 2000–2025 m a.s.l.; plantation; NHMD 621844 • 1 subad. ♀; same collection data as preceding; plot 16; 08°05′34.5″ S, 35°55′31.33″ E; 1800–1900 m a.s.l.; 15–16 Nov. 2000; montane; NHMD 621845 • 1 ♀; Iringa Region, Iringa District, West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve, Nyati Camp; 07°48′39.0″ S, 36°28′23.0″ E; 1500 m a.s.l.; 6 Aug. 2000; Frontier Tanzania leg.; montane forest; NHMD 621846. Descriptive notes SIZE. Females: Length 6.5–7.4 mm; maximum body width 1.15–1.30 mm. 18 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. OTHER CHARACTERS. As in the three species of Cryptocorypha described above. Notably, some of the specimens have metatergal setae, like C. cactifer sp. nov. (but the setae are smaller and less numerous), whereas others seem to lack such setae. Remarks In the absence of males, these specimens, which come from an area where none of the described species have been collected, are not associated with any species. In body size they best match C. cactifer sp. nov., with which some of them also share the metazonital setation., Published as part of Enghoff, Henrik, 2022, A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), pp. 66-100 in European Journal of Taxonomy 845 on pages 81-84, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, http://zenodo.org/record/7258792

Cryptocorypha exovo sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 35365AB4-87E7-4510-A5F9-E506BCFECE06 Figs 10–11 Diagnosis Differs from all congeneric species by the unique shape of the ‘snakelike’ gonopod telopodite. Agrees with C. geminiramus sp. nov. in non-gonopodal characters. Etymology The species epithet means ‘out of the egg’ and refers to the shape of the gonopod which somewhat resembles a snake (telopodite) hatching from the egg (coxa). Material examined Holotype TANZANIA • ♂; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park, Mito Mitatu; 07°50′14.3″ S, 36°50′46.8″ E; 1207 m a.s.l.; 16 Dec. 2013; T. Pape and N. Scharff leg.; pitfall trap, Plot MM1; NHMD 621840. Description SIZE. Male: Length 5.3 mm; maximal body width (across metazona) 0.78 mm; 17 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. Female: unknown. OTHER NON- GONOPODAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 10). Virtually identical to C. geminiramus sp. nov. GONOPODS (Fig. 11). Coxa (cx) moderately globose, its surface scaly and with scattered level 3 spherules, mesally forming a shallow gonocoel. Cannula (Fig. 11C, E: ca, not seen in the other two species) with a few tiny denticles (de).Telopodite projecting strongly from gonocoel, very evident in lateral and ventral views. Basal (‘prefemoral’) part of telopodite (bt) massive, with several distolateral setae, giving rise to a very long, sinous shaft which slightly beyond its midlength divides into a slightly curved branch, probably corresponding to an exomere (ex), and a strongly S-shaped branch, probably the solenomere (slm). A velum is not evident. Remarks A male of C. geminiramus sp. nov. was found in the same pitfall trap as the unique holotype of C. exovo sp. nov. If the Afrotropical alternative in the first couplet of the key provided by Golovatch (2019) is chosen, C. exovo sp. nov. runs to C. diffusa (Brolemann, 1920) from which it differs by several characters, especially by strongly different gonopods. If the Asian alternative in the first couplet is chosen, C. exovo sp. nov. runs to couplet 17(18) where it fits neither alternative., Published as part of Enghoff, Henrik, 2022, A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), pp. 66-100 in European Journal of Taxonomy 845 on page 81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, http://zenodo.org/record/7258792, {"references":["Golovatch S. I. 2019. The millipede genus Cryptocorypha Attems, 1907 revisited, with descriptions of two new Oriental species. Arthropoda Selecta 28: 179 - 190."]}

hree new species of the family Pyrgodesmidae Silvestri, 1896 from the Udzungwa Mountainsare described: Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov., Cryptocorypha cactifer sp. nov., and Cryptocoryphaexovo sp. nov. Several additional, unidentifi able pyrgodesmids from the Udzungwa Mountains arerecorded. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978 (Cryptodesmidae Karsch, 1880), is recorded from theEast Usambara (type locality), West Usambara, Uluguru, Nguru (Kanga) and Udzungwa Mountains, andits variation in size and body ring numbers is analyzed. The surface sculpture of pro- and metazonitesis discussed. Three new species of the family Pyrgodesmidae Silvestri, 1896 from the Udzungwa Mountains are described: Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov., Cryptocorypha cactifer sp. nov., and Cryptocorypha exovo sp. nov. Several additional, unidentifiable pyrgodesmids from the Udzungwa Mountains are recorded. Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978 (Cryptodesmidae Karsch, 1880), is recorded from the East Usambara (type locality), West Usambara, Uluguru, Nguru (Kanga) and Udzungwa Mountains, and its variation in size and body ring numbers is analyzed. The surface sculpture of pro- and metazonites is discussed.

Genus? species? Material examined TANZANIA • 1 ♀; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park, Mito Mitatu; 07°50′29.1″ S, 36°51′33.0″ E; 1006 m a.s.l.; 26 Sep. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; Plot 14, pitfall trap; NHMD 621847. Descriptive notes SIZE. Female: Length 5.8 mm; maximal body width (across metazona) 0.80 mm; 18 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. OTHER CHARACTERS. A “stylodesmiform” pyrgodesmid sensu Mauriès & Maurin (1981), with deep-set horizontal, non-lobed paraterga and rows of large tubercles/crests on metazonae; not incrusted. Remarks In the absence of a male this specimen cannot even be referred to a genus. Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov. was found in the same pitfall trap., Published as part of Enghoff, Henrik, 2022, A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), pp. 66-100 in European Journal of Taxonomy 845 on page 84, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, http://zenodo.org/record/7258792, {"references":["Mauries J. - P. & Maurin M. 1981. Pyrgodesmidae et Cryptodesmidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) de la foret de Teke, Cote d'Ivoire. Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 4 e ser. 3 A (1): 187 - 202."]}

Cryptocorypha cactifer sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F640EE01-ADBC-46DD-BF9B-0688B8A554E9 Figs 8–9 Diagnosis Identical with C. geminiramus sp. nov. in almost all characters, but differs from the smaller C. geminiramus and from all other species of Cryptocorypha by the presence of setae on podous body rings (Fig. 8). Further differs from C. geminiramus by the smooth part of head capsule extending well above antennal sockets (Fig. 8D, compare with Fig. 2A), by having the gonopod coxa (cx) more regularly hemispherical (Fig. 9A, C) and by having a jagged semicircular ridge (velum?, ve) on the basal part of the gonopod telopodite (Fig. 9B, D). Etymology The species epithet (noun in apposition) means ‘bearer of cacti’ and refers to the some cactus-shaped metazonital setae. Material examined (3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 3 subadult ♀♀) Holotype TANZANIA • ♂; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park, Kidatu; 07°40′45.5″ S, 36°55′06.9″ E; 1448 m a.s.l.; 21 Oct. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; pitfall trap, Plot 5; NHMD 621833. Paratypes TANZANIA • 2 subadult ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; summed catch from 2 pitfall traps; NHMD 621834 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 07°40′42.1″ S, 36°55′06.8″ E; 1482 m a.s.l.; pitfall trap, Plot 6; NHMD 621835 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; Mito Mitatu; 07°49′39.8″ S, 36°50′26.0″ E; 1552 m a.s.l.; 27 Oct. 2014; pitfall trap, Plot 15; NHMD 621836 • 1 ♂; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park, above Mito Mitatu; 07°49.012′ S, 36°50.401′ E; 1643 m a.s.l.; 27 Dec. 2017; R. Lowassary, T. Pape and N. Scharff leg.; pitfall trap nr. 5, Acc. No.2017- EN-002; NHMD 621837 • 1 subadult ♀; Morogoro Region, Uzungwa Mountains, Mwanihana Forest Reserve; 1800–1850 m a.s.l.; 28–29 Sep., 1984; N. Scharff leg.; litter in montane rain forest; NHMD 621838. Referred specimen, not a type TANZANIA • 1 ♀; Udzungwa Mountains, Iringa Region, Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve, above Chita Village; 1600–1650 m a.s.l.; 8–13 Nov. 1984; N. Scharff leg.; montane forest, litter; NHMD 621839. Description SIZE. Males: Length 5.3–5.5 mm; maximal body width (across metazona) 0.91–0.92 mm; 17 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. Female: Length 7.7 mm; maximal body width (across metazona) 1.19 mm; 18 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. OTHER CHARACTERS. Virtually identical to the smaller C. geminiramus sp. nov. with the following exceptions: All level 1 tubercles and all lateral paratergal lobes on podous and apodous rings with a club-shaped, ornamented club-shaped, somewhat cactus-like seta (Fig. 8C); smooth part of head capsule extending well above antennal sockets (Fig. 8D); gonopod coxa (cx) more regularly hemisphaerical (Fig. 9A, C); basal part of gonopod telopodite with a jagged semicircular ridge (velum?, ve), on the basal part of the gonopod telopodite (Fig. 9B, D). Remarks Almost all specimens of C. cactifer sp. nov. were found in mixed samples with C. geminiramus sp. nov. The single female from Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve fully matches the females from Udzungwa Moutains National Park, but in the light of the considerable geographical distance, combined with the absence of a male, the specimen from Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve is not included in the type series. If the Afrotropical alternative in the first couplet of the key provided by Golovatch (2019) is chosen, C. cactifer sp. nov. runs to C. diffusa (Brolemann, 1920) from which it differs by several characters, especially by strongly different gonopods and hairy tergites. If the Asian alternative in the first couplet is chosen, C. cactifer sp. nov. runs to couplet 17(18) where it fits neither alternative., Published as part of Enghoff, Henrik, 2022, A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), pp. 66-100 in European Journal of Taxonomy 845 on pages 77-80, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, http://zenodo.org/record/7258792, {"references":["Golovatch S. I. 2019. The millipede genus Cryptocorypha Attems, 1907 revisited, with descriptions of two new Oriental species. Arthropoda Selecta 28: 179 - 190."]}

Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3DEB7615-042D-4D27-AC40-4C8A5DAE7CB6 Figs 1–7 Diagnosis Differs from all other species of Cryptocorypha Attems, 1807, except C. chenovi Golovatch et al., 2013 from Vanuatu, by its small size (max. diameter of males 0.72 mm), vs 0.78–0.92 mm in the congeners from Udzungwa and min. 1.00 mm in other non-Udzungwan species (the diameter of C. kumamotensis (Murakami, 1966) is unknown but the published male body length, 5 mm, suggests a diameter of> 0.8 mm). Differs from all other species of Cryptocorypha, except C. cactifer sp. nov., C. bocal Golovatch, Nzoko Fiemapong & VandenSpiegel, 2017 from D.R. Congo, and C. leia Chamberlin, 1945 from Java, by the virtually identical, very slender solenomere and exomere. Differs from C. cactifer sp. nov. by the absence of setae in podous body rings and from C. bocal and C. leia by the very poorly developed velum on the gonopod telopodite. Etymology The species epithet (noun in apposition) refers to the virtually identical pair of slender branches (solenomere and exomere) of the gonopod telopodite. Material examined (160 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀, 3 subad. ♀♀) Holotype TANZANIA • ♂; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Kidatu; 07°40′45.5″ S, 36°55′06.9″ E; 1448 m a.s.l.; 21 Oct. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; Plot 5; NHMD 621823. Paratypes TANZANIA • 69 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; same collection data for as holotype; summed catch from 10 pitfall traps; NHMD 621824 • 13 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 subad. ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 07°40′42.1″ S, 36°55′06.8″ E; 1482 m a.s.l.; 21 Oct. 2014; Plot 6, summed catch from six pitfall traps; NHMD 621825 • 18 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 2 subad. ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 07°41′12.9″ S, 36°55′39.2″ E; 978 m a.s.l.; 14 Sep. 2014; Plot 8, summed catch from eight pitfall traps; NHMD 621826 • 38 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 07°41′06.2″ S, 36°54′52.4″ E; 1527 m a.s.l.; 23 Oct. 2014; Plot 9; summed catch from nine pitfall traps; NHMD 621827 • 2 ♂♂; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park, Mito Mitatu; 07°50′29.6″ S, 36°52′01.2″ E; 674 m a.s.l.; 26 Sep. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; Plot 13, pitfall trap, summed catch from two pitfall traps; NHMD 621828 • 15 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 07°50′26.1″ S, 36°51′33.0″ E; 1006 m a.s.l.; 26 Sep. 2014; Plot 14, summed catch from five pitfall traps; NHMD 621829 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 07°50′14.3″ S, 36°50′46.8″ E; 1207 m a.s.l.; 16 Dec. 2013; T. Pape and N. Scharff leg.; Plot MM1, summed catch from two pitfall traps; NHMD 621830 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 14 Mar. 2014; NHMD 621831 • 1 ♂; Udzungwa Mountains, Mwanihana Forest above Sanje; 1650 m a.s.l.; 18 Aug. 1982; M. Stoltze and N. Scharff leg.; pitfall trap; NHMD 621832. Description SIZE. Males: Length 3.2–3.8 mm; maximal body width (across metazona) 0.59–0.72 mm in males from Kidatu; males from Mito Mitatu up to 4.6 mm long. 17 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. Females: Length 4.6–6.1 mm. One specimen (from Kidatu, Plot 9) 6.6 mm long (0.92 mm wide). Width 0.83– 1.10 mm. One specimen (from Kidatu, Plot 5) 1.36 mm wide. 18 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. COLOUR. Entirely pallid or with faint brown pigment, especially on paranotal margins and on level 1 tubercles. SURFACE SCULPTURE (Figs 1, 3). Entire exposed dorsal surface covered in a three-level ornamentation: Level 1: Rounded, hemispherical to subspherical tubercles of ca 35 μm diameter arranged in two or three transverse rows on all body rings. These tubercles are covered with level 3 spherules. Level 2: Very small, smooth, circular, flattened ‘buttons’ of ca 8 μm diameter, covering entire dorsal surface except level 1 tubercles and lateral parts of paraterga. Level 3: A dense cover of minute stalked spherules of ca 1.5 μm diameter over entire dorsal surface, including level 1 tubercles, mostly arranged in neat lines (which possibly correspond to the limits between individual cuticular microscutes), but denser and more irregularly arranged on lateral margins of paraterga. These are the “microvilli” of Likhitrakarn et al. (2019). HEAD (Figs 2A–C, 7A–B). Smooth between antennae and below, in this area with numerous short setae; posterior part of head microtuberculate including a dense cover of level 3 spherules. Interantennal isthmus 1.4 times diameter of antennal socket. Antennae short, stout, bent in C-shape, antennomere 6 by far the largest. COLLUM (Figs 1A–C, 7A–B). Completely covering head from above, with broadly rounded anterior margin, faintly divided into 12 lobules, lateralmost lobules smaller than the others; two transverse rows of 2+2 and 3+3 level 1 tubercles; level 2 buttons and level 3 spheres as on ensuing metatergites. POSTCOLLAR PODOUS BODY RINGS. Without setae. With three transverse rows of level 1 tubercles. No. of tubercles in the three rows: ring 2: 2/6/8; ring 3: 2/8/8, ring 4: 2/8/4, rings 5, 7, 9–10, 12–13, 15–17 (poriferous podous rings): 2/6/4; rings 6, 8, 1, 4: 2/8/4. Paraterga almost horizontal, rectangular, with three (rings 2–4), four (rings 6, 8, 11, 14), or five (rings 5, 7, 9–10, 12–13, 15–17/18) lateral lobes; no lobes on anterior and posterior margins; anterior margin densely microtuberculate. Pore formula normal (5, 7, 9–10, 12–13, 15–18); ozopores (Fig. 3 D) on lateral margin, deeply embedded between third and fourth paratergal lobe and surrounded by a dense cover of level 3 spherules. Ventral side of metaterga, including mesalmost part of paraterga, with dense pavement of level 2 buttons, in part (especially on paraterga) interspersed with level 3 spheres. Towards anterior and posterior margins of paraterga, level 3 spheres drawn out into short rods, giving surface hairy look (Fig. 3C). Prozona (Fig. 7C) clearly divided into three zones. Anterior zone almost smooth, with indistinct cover of low swellings; in intermediate zone these swellings are replaced by triangular denticles, interspersed with level 3 spherules; posterior zone sharply demarcated from intermediate zone, with dense cover of level 2 buttons and level 3 spherules. Sterna smooth. Limbus (Fig. 7D) extremely narrow, with scattered rodlike denticles. APODOUS RING (Fig. 1D–E). With three transverse rows of each 4 level 1 tubercles; tubercles in posterior row each with a minute clavate seta (Fig. 1E). Four lateral lobes. TELSON (Fig. 4). Preanal ring (‘epiproct’) visible from above, triangular, with a dense cover of level 3 spherules, with two setiferous level 1 tubercles on the dorsal surface, setiferous denticle on each lateral margin, each followed by 2 successively smaller setiferous tubercles on lateral flank; also, transverse row of 4 setae near posterior tip; posterior tip with 4 long trichoid spinnerets each surrounded by crownlike collar. Anal valves (paraprocts) each with 2 non-marginal setae. Subanal scale (hypoproct) broadly triangular, with scattered level 3 spherules and two long setae on small marginal tubercles. LEGS. Unmodified in both sexes, except for flattened setae on tarsi of leg-pairs 1–2 in males (Fig. 2E–F). GONOPODS (Figs 5–6). Coxa (cx) moderately globose, its surface scaly and with scattered level 3 spherules, mesally forming shallow gonocoel. Telopodite projecting strongly from gonocoel, very evident in lateral and ventral views. Basal (‘prefemoral’) part of telopodite (bt) massive, with several distolateral setae, giving rise to two very long, subparallel, slender, simple, pointed, slightly arcuate processes – mesal solenomere (slm) and lateral exomere (ex). Broad, setose lobe (ve) at mesal base of telopodite probably corresponds to ‘velum’ described in several other species of Cryptocorypha. Females With a low epigynal ridge (ep) on ring three (Fig. 7A). Non-sexual characters as in males. A subadult female (from Kidatu, Plot 6) is 4.5 mm long, 0.72 mm wide, 17 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. This is the only non-adult specimen of this species seen. Remarks A key to species of Cryptocorypha was provided by Golovatch (2019). In the first couplet of the key Afrotropical and Asian species are separated, but the mentioned criteria concerning ring numbers are non-exclusive. If the Afrotropical alternative is chosen, C. geminiramus sp. nov. runs to C. diffusa (Brolemann, 1920) from which it differs by several characters, especially by strongly different gonopods. If the Asian alternative in the first couplet is chosen, C. geminiramus sp. nov. runs to couplet 17(18) where it fits neither alternative., Published as part of Enghoff, Henrik, 2022, A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), pp. 66-100 in European Journal of Taxonomy 845 on pages 69-77, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, http://zenodo.org/record/7258792, {"references":["Golovatch S. I., Nzoko Fiemapong A. R. & VandenSpiegel D. 2017. Notes on Afrotropical Pyrgodesmidae, 3 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Arthropoda Selecta 26: 175 - 215.","Likhitrakarn N., Golovatch S. I., Srisonchai R., Sutcharit C. & Panha S. 2019. A new species of the millipede genus Cryptocorypha Attems, 1907, from northern Thailand (Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae). ZooKeys 833: 121 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 833.32413","Golovatch S. I. 2019. The millipede genus Cryptocorypha Attems, 1907 revisited, with descriptions of two new Oriental species. Arthropoda Selecta 28: 179 - 190."]}

The endemic Indian genus Propyrgodesmus is reviewed, rediagnosed and shown to presently comprise three species, all illustrated, keyed and mapped, including P. bulbogonopus sp. nov., from a sacred grove supporting a semi-evergreen vegetation in Kerala, southern India. The new species differs from their congeners, P. lobulatus Silvestri, 1920 (the type species) and P. frater Carl, 1932, mainly by tergal ornamentations and, when known, some significant details of gonopodal structure.

Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov. Figs 1���4 Material examined. Holotype &male; (CATE-5503A), Sacred groves of Kottayil Siva Kshethram, Muchukunnu, Kozhikode district, Kerala, India 11��29���42������N, 75��39���55������E, 9 m a.s.l., collected from rotting wood, hand collection, 08.10.2021, M.D. Aswathy leg. Paratypes: 1 &male; (CATE-5503B), 2 &female;&female; (CATE-5503C, D), 3 &female;&female; juveniles (CATE-5503E, F, G), same locality, hand-collected together with holotype, but from top soil. Name. To emphasize the bulbous appearance of the medial branch of the gonopodal telopodite. Diagnosis. When comparing to P. lobulatus, the new species shows major differences in the tergal ornamentation by having most paraterga only vaguely trilobulate laterally (Fig. 2B, E), vs clearly trilobate (Fig. 4A, B) and by the presence of a ventral cone on antennomere 4 bearing a long sensillum trichodeum (Figs 2C, 4G), vs a ventral cone on antennomere 4 absent (Fig. 4C). On the contrary, the new species shows some similarities to the tergal ornamentation of P. frater, but differs significantly in the biramous gonopod with a bulbous lateral branch of the telopodite (Fig. 3A, B) vs with prong���and lobe-like structures on the main branch of the telopodite (Fig. 4D, E). A key to all three existing species of the genus is given below. Description. Holotype ca 7.6 mm long, width of mid-body pro���and metazonae 0.78 and 1.5 mm, respectively. Male paratype ca 7.5 mm, width of pro���and metazonae 0.78 and 1.5 mm, respectively. Adult female paratypes ca 7.5 and 9 mm long, width of pro���and metazonae 0.76���0.85 and 1.5���1.6 mm, respectively. Live colouration dark brown, dorsum encrusted with soil particles; antennae, legs and venter pale whitish (Fig. 1A, B). Both vertex and frons light brown, clypeolabrum whitish (Fig. 2A). Body broad due to large paraterga (Fig. 1A), with 20 body rings in both sexes (Fig. 1A, B). In width, head << collum ��� 2 vs two lobes on poreless ones (Fig. 2B, E, F). Pore formula: 5, 9, 12, 15, 17���19, ozopores borne on porosteles behind second lobulation of paraterga (Fig. 2B). All paraterga starting with 5 th directed caudad. Metaterga behind collum with 2+2 longitudinal rows of 3+3 larger and fused tubercles, those before ring 19 slightly inclined caudad. Paramedian tubercle on ring 19 abruptly modified to form an elongated ridge overhanging and concealing the epiproct (Fig. 2E). Epiproct directed ventrad, with four setae on top. Hypoproct triangular, caudal edge with two strong and well separated setae on knobs (Fig. 2D). Legs with neither adenostyles nor tarsal brushes, short, stout and enlarged, femur the longest (Fig. 2G). In length, femur> prefemur> tarsus> postfemur> tibia> coxa. Gonopods taking up nearly entire ventral surface of metazonum 7, almost reaching the base of paraterga (Fig. 2A). Gonopods relatively simple, placed inside a transversely oblong gonopodal aperture, with thin and slightly elevated caudal and lateral margins. Both gonopods held parallel to each other, strongly exposed, telopodite tips directed caudally. Coxites (cx) voluminous, transverse and microgranulate laterally (Fig. 3A, B). Gonocoel distinct, but not too deep; telopodites short, simple, biramous and distally carrying a long, in situ caudally directed and slightly bifurcate lamina with fringed/microspiculate lamellae; solenomere (sl) slender and barely exposed; medial branch (b) stalked, with a short bulbous structure emerging distolaterally (Fig. 3C, D). A laminar sheath covering the postfemoral part of telopodite with a caudally directed hook-shaped/unciform tip (h) (Fig. 3A, B). The following key can be proposed to separate the known species of Propyrgodesmus: 1 Sensillum trichodeum of the 4 th antennomere borne on a hump................................................. 2 - Sensillum trichodeum of the 4 th antennomere not on a hump........................................... P. lobulatus 2 Gonopod telopodite with a laterally directed prong-like structure.......................................... P. frater - Gonopod telopodite with prominent bulb-like medial branch............................... P. bulbogonopus sp. nov., Published as part of Aswathy, Mathilakath Dasan & Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu, 2022, Review of the millipede genus Propyrgodesmus Silvestri, 1920, with the description of a new species from a sacred grove in Kerala, India (Diplopoda: Polydesmida Pyrgodesmidae), pp. 591-599 in Zootaxa 5116 (4) on pages 593-597, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5116.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6375446, {"references":["Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental Diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19 (4), 117 - 135.","Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948"]}

Genus Propyrgodesmus Silvestri, 1920 Type-species: Propyrgodesmus lobulatus Silvestri, 1920, by original designation. Other species included: Propyrgodesmus frater Carl, 1932 and Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov. Brief description. The genus shows the typical characters of the family Pyrgodesmidae with 20 body rings in both male and female. Collum dome-shaped, flabellate and tuberculate, covering the head from above, with 5+5 moderately incised rounded lobulations at a subhorizontal anterior margin. Frons and vertex clearly granulated. Antennal pit/groove deep. Antennae short, antennomere 5 being the longest and thicker than remaining antennomeres. A cerotegument crust with microvilli covering the collum and following metaterga. Body rings strongly arched dorsally, each with 2+2 longitudinal rows of 3+3 larger and fused tubercles (paramedian and dorsolateral), both rows representing bilobed tubercles most of them slightly inclined caudad, but paramedian tubercles higher than dorsolateral tubercles. Paramedian tubercle of ring 19 overhanging the body and concealing the telson (ring 20) from above. Intercalary series of grains, as well as anteromarginal and caudomarginal lobulations largely indistinguishable. Pore formula abnormal (5, 9, 12, 15, 17–19), ozopores 5, 9, 12 and 15 borne on distinct porosteles, vs 17–19 open flush on the surface. Epiproct small, directed ventrad, with terminal bristles located on ventral side. Legs short and stout, sparsely setose, with neither any adenostyles nor tarsal brushes. Gonopods fairly simple, in situ directed caudad and held parallel to each other. Coxites moderately enlarged, hemispherical and microgranulate laterally, concave medially and devoid of any spines or hairs. Telopodite simple, bipartite, branching only at about midway, characterized by the presence of structures resembling lobes or prongs. Diagnosis. Propyrgodesmus differs from other genera of the family mainly by the abnormal pore formula (5, 9, 12, 15, 17–19) vs normal pore formula (5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19); the arrangement of metatergal tubercles (trilobed paramedian tubercles in combination with overhanging paramedian tubercles of the ring 19 concealing the telson); the laterally extended lobular paraterga, and the medial rather than subcaudal position of porosteles (Carl 1932). This genus seems to be especially similar to Lobiferodesmus Silvestri, 1920 in somatic features, but shows significant differences in gonopodal structure: the presence of flattened, cylindrical telopodites, each of which is split into an acuminate main branch and a lobular medial branch, vs a unipartite and uncinate main branch which is sheathed by a lateral lamina (Silvestri 1920; Golovatch et al. 2008)., Published as part of Aswathy, Mathilakath Dasan & Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu, 2022, Review of the millipede genus Propyrgodesmus Silvestri, 1920, with the description of a new species from a sacred grove in Kerala, India (Diplopoda: Polydesmida Pyrgodesmidae), pp. 591-599 in Zootaxa 5116 (4) on page 592, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5116.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6375446, {"references":["Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental Diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19 (4), 117 - 135.","Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948","Golovatch, S. I., Geoffroy, J. - J., Mauries, J. - P. & VandenSpiegel, D. (2008) The first, new species of the millipede family Pyrgodesmidae to be recorded in Vanuatu, Melanesia, southwestern Pacific (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Arthropoda Selecta, 17 (3 - 4), 145 - 151. [https: // kmkjournals. com / upload / PDF / ArthropodaSelecta / 17 / 17 _ 3 _ 145 _ 151 _ Golovatch _ for _ Inet. pdf]"]}

Genus Pyrgodesmus Pocock, 1892 Type-species: Pyrgodesmus obscurus Pocock 1892, by monotypy. Other species included: Pyrgodesmus permutatus (Attems, 1936), comb. nov. Diagnosis of Pyrgodesmus Pyrgodesmus seems to be particularly similar to Klimakodesmus in most somatic characters, as correctly noted by Carl (1932) and recently reinstated by Aswathy et al. (2021). Yet both genera are distinct primarily in gonopodal structure: hypertrophied coxites, a deep gonocoel and ribbon-shaped, unipartite, distally attenuating, but not acuminate telopodites (Figs 5���8, 29 & 30), vs. moderately incrassate, apparently smaller, subspherical or squarish coxites, each of which supports a strong and unipartite telopodite represented solely by a slender, strongly exposed, increasingly attenuating and acuminate solenomere. In addition, PM crests, including the one on the penultimate ring that overhangs and conceals the epiproct from above, are much higher and stronger, whereas DL reduced, in Pyrgodesmus compared to Klimakodesmus species (Aswathy et al. 2021)., Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei I., 2021, Identity of the millipede genus Pyrgodesmus Pocock, 1892, the type genus of the family Pyrgodesmidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), pp. 572-578 in Zootaxa 5068 (4) on pages 573-577, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5709642, {"references":["Pocock, R. I. (1892) Report upon two collections of Myriapoda sent from Ceylon by Mr. E. E. Green, and from various parts of southern India by Mr. Edgar Thurston, of the Government Central Museum, Madras. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 7, 131 - 174. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 95456 page / 7 / mode / 1 up]","Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11 (4), 133 - 323.","Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental Diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19 (4), 117 - 135.","Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948","Aswathy, M. D., Golovatch, S. I. & Sudhikumar, A. V. (2021) The millipede genus Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932, with the description of a new species from Kerala state, southern India (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 373 - 382. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.8"]}

Pyrgodesmus permutatus (Attems, 1936), comb. nov. Figs 9���30 Pyrgodesmus obscurus ��� Silvestri, 1920: 120, figs 1���3 (D), non Pyrgodesmus obscurus Pocock, 1892: 155. Klimakodesmus permutatus Attems, 1936: 246, nom. nov. pro Pyrgodesmus obscurus in the sense of Silvestri, 1920: 118 (D). Klimakodesmus permutatus ��� Attems, 1940: 271, figs 384���386 (D, R); De Zoysa et al., 2016: 477 (R, M); Aswathy et al., 2021: 374 (D, R). Remark. As noted above, the original description and illustrations of this species were most detailed (Silvestri 1920), albeit misidentified as belonging to Pyrgodesmus obscurus. Silvestri���s iconography is reproduced in full (Figs 9���30). Brief redescription. Body length ca 11.5 mm. Coloration mostly black-brown, regardless of tegument being heavily coated with an earth crust (Figs 9���12) or clean (Figs 13���18). All main characters as in P. obscurus, except as follows. Paramedian tubercles/crests (PM) slightly less strongly developed, high, largely fully separated and not fused medially even at base (except for PM 19), inclined anteriad on collum and on rings 2 and 3 (Figs 9���18). Surface below PM regularly microgranulate, with neither DL nor i, nor Am, nor Cm discernible beneath an earth crust (Figs 9���12), but readily visible in a clean animal (Figs 13���18). Tip of epiproct invisible from above between basally fused PM 19 (Fig. 26). Gonopods (Figs 29 & 30) much as in P. obscurus, but gonocoel slightly less deep, coxites apparently neither conspicuously microsetose nor micropapillate, telopodites/solenomeres more clearly exposed, but stout, their tips being somewhat curved dorsad. Distribution. Paradenyia, Sri Lanka., Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei I., 2021, Identity of the millipede genus Pyrgodesmus Pocock, 1892, the type genus of the family Pyrgodesmidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), pp. 572-578 in Zootaxa 5068 (4) on pages 575-576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5709642, {"references":["Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11 (4), 133 - 323.","Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental Diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19 (4), 117 - 135.","Pocock, R. I. (1892) Report upon two collections of Myriapoda sent from Ceylon by Mr. E. E. Green, and from various parts of southern India by Mr. Edgar Thurston, of the Government Central Museum, Madras. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 7, 131 - 174. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 95456 page / 7 / mode / 1 up]","Attems, C. (1940) Myriopoda 3. Polydesmoidea III. Fam. Polydesmidae, Vanhoeffeniidae, Cryptodesmidae, Oniscodesmidae, Sphaeriotrichopidae, Peridontodesmidae, Rhachidesmidae, Macellolophidae, Pandirodesmidae. Das Tierreich, 70, i - xxxii + 1 - 577. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783111609645","De Zoysa, H. K. S., Nguyen, D. A. & Wickramasinghe, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) of Sri Lanka. Zootaxa, 4061 (5), 451 - 482. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4061.5.1","Aswathy, M. D., Golovatch, S. I. & Sudhikumar, A. V. (2021) The millipede genus Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932, with the description of a new species from Kerala state, southern India (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae). Zootaxa, 4980 (2), 373 - 382. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4980.2.8"]}

Revision of Pyrgodesmus obscurus Pocock, 1892, the only, and type species of Pyrgodesmus Pocock, 1892, shows that the genus currently includes two species, P. obscurus and P. permutatus (Attems, 1936), comb. nov. ex Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932. Both species are properly illustrated and both seem to be endemic to Sri Lanka. Pyrgodesmus is rediagnosed viz-à-viz the presumably especially similar and likewise oligotypic genus Klimakodesmus from southern India.

Two decades have passed since the publishing of the last checklist of the millipedes of Slovakia. During this time, several new faunistic records have been added and taxonomic revisions have occurred. The present updated checklist summarises data on all millipede species recorded in Slovakia, including altogether 93 species. For each species, general habitat characteristics, ecological classification and distributional pattern are provided. Ecological classification is presented for the first time for the millipede species occurring in Slovakia and is proposed as a tool for ecological studies and for the nature protection purposes. Special remarks are given to the species newly found for Slovakia, Geoglomeris subterranea Verhoeff, 1908, Brachyiulus lusitanus Verhoeff, 1898, Cylindroiulus britannicus (Verhoeff, 1891), C. parisiorum (Brölemann & Verhoeff, 1896) and Polydesmus burzenlandicus Verhoeff, 1925, as well as to C. arborum Verhoeff, 1928, the species newly confirmed for Slovakia after more than 70 years.

Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu (2021): The millipede genus Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932, with the description of a new species from Kerala state, southern India (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae). Zootaxa 4980 (2): 373-382, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.8

Genus Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932 Type-species: Klimakodesmus gravelyi Carl, 1932, by monotypy. Other species included: Klimakodesmus bilobocaudatus sp. nov. Brief description. This genus shows a body shape and an ornamentation pattern typical of Pyrgodesmidae, characterized by 20 segments/rings (19+T) both in the male and female; a flabellate collum is strongly domed and tuberculate, completely covering the head from above, with 5+5 distinct, equal, clearly incised and rounded lobulations at a subhorizontal anterior margin; the antennae are short, two basal antennomeres of each antenna being sunken inside a distinct transverse groove, and antennomere 5 being much longer and thicker than the 6 th; a cerotegument crust with microvilli covers most of the dorsal surface of the collum and following metaterga, the limbus being microlobulate and microspiculate caudally; body rings are strongly arched dorsally, each with 2+2 longitudinal rows of basically 2+2 or 3+3 larger and fused tubercles/lobes (paramedian, PM, and dorsolateral, DL), both rows largely representing higher bilobed keels mostly slightly inclined either forward or caudad, but PM always being higher than DL. PM of only ring 19 is abruptly and unusually strongly elongate and more or less clearly bilobate caudally, conspicuously overhanging and concealing a short epiproct from above (Figs 2���4, 8���10). Neither intercalary (i) series of grains nor antero- (Am), nor truly caudomarginal lobulations (Cm) are distinguished. The pore formula is normal: ozopores 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15 and 16 are borne on distinct porosteles, vs. 17, 18 and 19 which open flush on the surface. The paraterga are set low (at about half the height of midbody metazonae), slightly declivous to subhorizontal, leaving the dorsum very convex, moderately bi- or trilobate laterally regardless of a cylindrical porostele or ozopore located just before or upon the ultimate lobulation, respectively. The legs are short and stout, rather sparsely setose, the prefemur bearing a particularly strong seta distomesally, the tibia a distodorsal one. The gonopods are fairly simple, in situ either slightly diverging or distally crossing each other; each coxite is moderately enlarged, hemispherical or squarish, microgranulate and microsetose laterally, and concave medially, the gonocoel thus being moderately deep; the cannula is as usual, simple, moderately long and strongly unciform. The telopodite is simple, slender, unipartite, represented by a very strong, moderately long, but mostly exposed, gradually attenuating and acuminate solenomere. Diagnosis. Klimakodesmus seems to be particularly similar to Pyrgodesmus in most somatic characters, as correctly noted by Carl (1932), but both genera are distinct primarily in gonopodal structure: clearly hypertrophied gonocoxites and ���blade-like��� telopodites (Pocock 1892) vs. moderately incrassate, apparently smaller, subspherical or squarish gonocoxites, each of which supports a strong and unipartite telopodite represented solely by a slender, strongly exposed, increasingly attenuating and acuminate solenomere. In addition, PM crests, including the one on the penultimate ring that overhangs and fully conceals the epiproct from above, are much higher and stronger, whereas DL reduced, in Pyrgodesmus compared to Klimakodesmus species. A similar, remarkably strong, massive and largely exposed solenomere taking up most of the gonopod telopodite is also observed in the genus Pseudocatapyrgodesmus Miyosi, 1957, with P. glaucus Miyosi, 1957, the type species from Honshu, Japan (Miyosi 1957), and P. pulcher Golovatch, Semenyuk, VandenSpiegel & Anichkin. 2011, from southern Vietnam (Golovatch et al. 2011). Yet their gonopods are considerably more elaborate and clearly branched, vs. relatively very simple and unipartite in Klimakodesmus. They are the gonopods of P. pulcher that seem to be especially similar to those of Klimakodesmus (Golovatch et al. 2011). The strong, flattened, dorsal crest PM on the penultimate ring that overhangs and conceals the epiproct from above, however conspicuous, is unique to neither Klimakodesmus nor Pyrgodesmus species. For instance, several, but not all of the Afrotropical species of the genera Monachodesmus Silvestri, 1927 or Udodesmus Cook, 1896 show the same or very similar conditions (Golovatch et al. 2015, 2017)., Published as part of Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu, 2021, The millipede genus Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932, with the description of a new species from Kerala state, southern India (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae), pp. 373-382 in Zootaxa 4980 (2) on page 375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4889248, {"references":["Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948","Pocock, R. I. (1892) Report upon two collections of Myriapoda sent from Ceylon by Mr. E. E. Green, and from various parts of southern India by Mr. Edgar Thurston, of the Government Central Museum, Madras. Journal of the Bombay Natural His- tory Society, 7, 131 - 174. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 95456 page / 7 / mode / 1 up]","Miyosi, Y. (1957) Beitrage zur Kenntnis japanischer Myriopoden. 20. Aufsatz: Uber eine neue Gattung von Diplopoda, eine neue Art und eine neue Unterart von Chilopoda. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 66 (6), 264 - 268. [in Japanese, with English abstract]","Golovatch, S. I., Semenyuk, I. I., VandenSpiegel, D. & Anichkin, A. E. (2011) Three new species of the millipede family Pyrgodesmidae from Nam Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Arthropoda Selecta, 20 (1), 1 - 9. [https: // kmkjournals. com / upload / PDF / ArthropodaSelecta / 20 / 20 _ 1 % 20001 _ 009 % 20 Golovatch. pdf] https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 20.1.01","Golovatch, S. I., Nzoko Fiemapong, A. R. & VandenSpiegel, D. (2015) Notes on Afrotropical Pyrgodesmidae, 2 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Arthropoda Selecta, 24 (4), 387 - 400. [https: // kmkjournals. com / upload / PDF / ArthropodaSelecta / 24 / 24 _ 4 _ 387 _ 400 _ Golovatch _ et _ al _ for _ Inet. pdf] https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 24.4.02","Golovatch, S. I., Nzoko Fiemapong, A. R. & VandenSpiegel, D. (2017) Notes on Afrotropical Pyrgodesmidae, 3 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Arthropoda Selecta, 26 (3), 175 - 215. [https: // kmkjournals. com / upload / PDF / ArthropodaSelecta / 26 / 26 _ 3 _ 175 _ 215 _ Golovatch _ et _ al _ for _ Inet. pdf] https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 26.3.01"]}

Klimakodesmus bilobocaudatus sp. nov. Figs 1���15 Material examined. Adult male holotype (CATE-5302), 2 adult male and 6 subadult female paratypes (CATE- 5302B���CATE-5302I), 1 adult male and 2 subadult female paratypes (ZMUM), India, Kerala state, Kannur district, N11��58���2.5���, E75��17���46.6���, 5 m a.s.l., 27/01/2021, M.D. Aswathy leg. Name. To emphasize a caudally relatively deeply bilobed dorsal keel (PM) on ring 19 in the new species; adjective. Diagnosis. The new species differs clearly from K. gravelyi, the only other congener to be accepted (Carl 1932), by the more regularly tuberculate collum (cf. Figs 5 and 16), the lower PM and DL which are mostly inclined caudad (vs. inclined forward until ring 16, cf. Figs 7, 8 and 17), the caudally more deeply bilobed dorsal keel (PM) on ring 19 (vs. indistinctly bilobulate, cf. Figs 9, 10 and 18), the laterally bi- (rings 3 and 4) or trilobate (remaining postcollum rings) paraterga (vs. mostly bilobate, trilobate only on ring 2, cf. Figs 5, 8, 9 and 17���19), and the gonopods showing subspherical coxites (vs. squarish) and subcontiguous, apically subunciform and crossing each other (vs. divergent and suberect) telopodites, each of the latter additionally reinforced with a mesobasally thickened wall (vs. a laterobasal lobe, cf. Figs 12���15 and 20 & 21). Description. Length ca. 3.68 mm, width of midbody segments 0.10 and 0.14 mm on pro- and metazonae, respectively (holotype). Length of adult male paratypes ca. 3.0��� 3.8 mm, that of subadult female paratypes 3.2���3.5 mm. Width of adult male paratypes ca. 0.40���0.45 mm, that of subadult female paratypes 0.44���0.48 mm. Live colouration generally pink; antennae, legs and venter translucent, lighter than dorsum (Figs 1, 7 & 9). Colouration in alcohol after 2 months of preservation pale brown to pinkish brown, legs and antennae faded to translucent (Figs 2���6, 8 & 10). No earth crust visible on body. Most characters as in the generic description above, except as follows. Body with 20 segments (likely in both sexes, see below) (Figs 2 & 4). In width, head << collum in situ reaching body segment/ring 3 when stretched ventrolaterally. In length, antennomere 7 femora> prefemora> tibiae> coxae> postfemora; claws simple, slightly curved ventrally. Gonopods (Figs 12���15) relatively simple, placed inside a transversely oblong-oval gonopodal aperture, the latter with thin and slightly elevated caudal and lateral margins; in situ, both gonopods strongly exposed, held mostly parallel to one another, with only tips crossing each other. Coxites (cx) voluminous, but moderately enlarged, gonocoel thus being relatively shallow; cannulae simple. Telopodites directed caudally, each unipartite and subtriangular, long and slender, gradually attenuating distad and acuminate apically, each represented solely by a solenomere (sl) and supporting a seminal groove running along lateral margin to the end of a laterally directed and unciform apical part, and additionally reinforced basally through a distinctly thickened caudomesal wall of a prominent, membranous, mesal lobe (lo); prefemorite as usual, relatively short, densely and strongly setose. Ecological notes. This new species was found under rotting wood near a lowland swamp overgrown with Myristica forest in the Kannur district, northern Kerala, India. The habitat area of approximately 20 ha is a sacred grove protected by local people. In contrast, K. gravelyi came from high-altitude areas (1000���1600 m a.s.l.) in the state of Tamil Nadu (Carl 1932), Western Ghats, southern India (Fig. 22). It seems noteworthy that all females collected at the type locality in January appear to be subadults, each with 19 body segments. This has been proven by dissecting the vulvae which have always been found underdeveloped (amorphous ovoid clods devoid of setae), and an anterior, ventral, transverse, marginal ridge on ring 3 missing. This agrees well with the common wisdom that only adult males in Polydesmida, but never adult females, can be composed of a lesser number of body rings. Usually, in the course of teloanamorphosis characteristic of the order Polydesmida, both the males and females of Polydesmida show the same number of body rings, either 20 or 19, more rarely 18, exceptionally up to 40 (Shear et al. 2016). When there is a difference in polydesmidan body segment counts, the adult males typically have one segment less and nearly always remain stable per sex (Enghoff et al. 2015). Only exceptionally, as is the case of Ammodesmus granum Cook, 1896 and A. congoensis VandenSpiegel & Golovatch, 2015 (Ammodesmidae), from western or central Africa, respectively, can both sexes vary in the number (18 or 19) of body rings (VandenSpiegel & Golovatch 2012, 2015). In Klimakodesmus species, however, the situation is ordinary, as both sexes (must) equally have 20 body segments. The absence of adult females in the type series seems best to be accounted for by seasonal factors alone., Published as part of Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu, 2021, The millipede genus Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932, with the description of a new species from Kerala state, southern India (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae), pp. 373-382 in Zootaxa 4980 (2) on pages 376-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4889248, {"references":["Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948","Shear, W. A., Ferreira, R. L., Iniesta, L. F. M. & Marek, P. (2016) A millipede missing link: Dobrodesmidae, a remarkable new polydesmidan millipede family from Brazil with supernumerary rings (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), and the establishment of a new suborder Dobrodesmidea. Zootaxa, 4178 (3), 371 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4178.3.4","Enghoff, H., Golovatch, S. I., Short, M., Stoev, P. & Wesener, T. (2015) Diplopoda - taxonomic overview. In: Minelli, A. (Ed.) Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda. 2 (16). Brill, Leiden and Boston, pp. 363 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004188273 _ 017","VandenSpiegel, D. & Golovatch, S. I. (2015) A new millipede of the family Ammodesmidae found in central Africa (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). ZooKeys, 483, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 483.9150","VandenSpiegel, D. & Golovatch, S. I. (2012) The millipede family Ammodesmidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) in western Africa. ZooKeys, 221, 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 221.3739"]}

simulans Carl, 1941b: 637-639, figs 100-103 [Cambalopsis]. Nilgiris: Umgebung von Coonoor, 1500-1700 m, XII.1926, in Pflanzungen, unter Laub und Moder; Mudumalai und Gudalur, ca. 1000 m, an Bachufern, unter Laub und Steinen. Unspecified number of &male; and &female;. The MHNG collection contains more than 200 specimens in alcohol in five vials. The first vial (MHNG- ARTO-18506) contains 11 specimens and a vial with dissected parts including a head and gonopods. The data labels in the larger vial have “Coonoor XII.26 ” and “Coonoor, Lady Cameron’s Seat 29/12” written on them respectively. The second vial (MHNG-ARTO-18507) contains more than 100 specimens. The data labels in the vial have “Mudumali II.27 ” and “Mudumali 9.II, Bachufern, unter Laub + Steinen” written on them respectively. The third vial (MHNG-ARTO-18508) contains 36 specimens. The data labels in the tube have “Gudalur II.27 ” and “am Bach Gudalur, Kaffee-Estate 12.II.27 ” written on them. The fourth vial (MHNG- ARTO-18509) contains two groups of specimens separated by a cotton wool plug. Twelve specimens are accompanied by a data label with “Coonoor XII.26 ” written on it and 23 specimens are accompanied by data labels with “Coonoor XII.26 ” and “Kleiner Djungel, Coonoor 24.12” written on them respectively. The fifth tube (MHNG-ARTO-18510) contains 43 specimens. The data label in the tube has “Hill Green Estate 22/12” written on it. All of these specimens are syntypes. There are also two microscope slide preparations of parts of syntypes: 1) a slide (MHNG-ARTO-18511) of gonopods, gnathochilarium and other parts, with “ Cambalopsis simulans Carl &male; Inde merrid.” written on the label; 2) a slide (MHNG-ARTO-18512) of legs and other parts, with “ Cambalopsis simulans C. &female; Beinp. 1 2 + 3, Vulven adult” written on the label. Trachyjulus simulans (Carl, 1941), Cambalopsidae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on pages 228-229, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1941 b. Diplopoden aus Sudindien und Ceylon 2. Nematophora und Juliformia. Revue suisse de Zoologie 48: 569 - 714."]}

andinus Carl, 1914b: 960-961, figs 248-257 [Calymmodesmus]. Puerto de los Pobres, am Cauca-Fluss. Unspecified number of &male; and &female;. The MHNG collection contains two specimens in alcohol. The specimens, one of which is in three pieces, are in a small vial (MHNG-ARTO-14353). A second vial (MHNG-ARTO-14354) contains gonopods and dissected parts of a head. The identification labels have “ Cauca (Colombie)” and “ Colombie, Coll. Fuhrmann &male; ” written on them respectively and there is a printed “Cotype” label indicating that the specimens are syntypes. Calymmodesmus andinus is the type species of the genus Calymmodesmus Carl, 1914 by monotypy (Jeekel, 1971). Calymmodesmus andinus Carl, 1914, Pyrgodesmidae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 186, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1914 b. Die Diplopoden von Columbien nebst Beitragen zur morphologie der Stemmoiuliden (Voyage Fuhrmann & Mayor). Memoires de la Societe neuchateloise des Sciences naturelles 5: 821 - 993.","Jeekel C. A. W. 1971. Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum: A list of the genus and family-group names in the Class Diplopoda from the 10 th edition of Linnaeus, 1758, to the end of 1957. Monographieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging 5: 1 - 412."]}

minutus Carl, 1926: 433-435, figs 102-105 [Spirobolellus]. Neu-Caledonien: Mt. Canala, Wald; Mt. Canala, Wald, bei 700 m, Sept. 1911. Unspecified number of &male; and &female;. The MHNG collection contains three specimens in alcohol (MHNG-ARTO-14335). Two of the specimens have a pin running the length of the body. The identification label has “Mt Kanala [sic] 800- 100 m ” written on it, indicating that the specimens are syntypes. There are three syntypes (two &male; and one &female; referred to as “ Typus ” in the NMB catalogue) in the NMB (inventory numbers NMB-DIPL- 00368a and NMB-DIPL-00368b). Spirobolellus minutus Carl, 1926, Spirobolellidae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on pages 215-216, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1926. Diplopoden von Neu-Caledonien und den Loyalty Inseln. Nova Caledonia, Zoologie 4 (3): 369 - 462."]}

gracilis Carl, 1914b: 927-928, figs 184-187 [Trichomorpha]. La Camelia bei Angelopolis. One &male;. No specimens found in the MHNG collection. The whereabouts of the holotype is unknown. Trichomorpha gracilis Carl, 1914, Chelodesmidae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 204, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1914 b. Die Diplopoden von Columbien nebst Beitragen zur morphologie der Stemmoiuliden (Voyage Fuhrmann & Mayor). Memoires de la Societe neuchateloise des Sciences naturelles 5: 821 - 993."]}

frater Carl, 1909a: 267-269, fig. 20 [Spirostreptus (Thyropygus)]. Java, Coll. Zehntner, Genfer Museum; Sumatra, Coll. W. Morton. Unspecified number of &male; and &female;. The MHNG collection contains eight specimens in alcohol (MHNG-ARTO-18485). Four of the specimens are reinforced with pins and five are broken. There is also a vial with gonopods. Both of the identification labels in the jar have “ Java Dr. L. Zehntner” written on them, indicating that the specimens are syntypes. There are two syntypes collected by Morton in the MCZL. Gonoplectus frater (Carl, 1909), Harpagophoridae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 202, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1909 a. Neue Diplopoden. Revue suisse de Zoologie 17: 249 - 71."]}

biporus Carl, 1932: 500-503, figs 131-139 [Pagodesmus]. Palnis: Vandaravu, 2350 m, Sholas, unter Holz, 10.IV; Mariyanshola, 2300 m; Kleine Shola ob[erhalb] Pumbarai, 1900 m, 29.II., unter Holz. Travancore: Grosser Wald, im oberen Vattavadai-Tal, zwischen Palnis und Anaimalais, 1850 m, 10.IV. Unspecified number of &male;, &female; and juveniles. The MHNG collection contains some 40 specimens in alcohol in three vials. The first vial (MHNG- ARTO-14243) contains five specimens in a smaller vial and a data label with “Palnis, Mariyanshola” written on it. The second vial (MHNG-ARTO-14244) contains two specimens separated by a cotton wool plug, one with a data label with “Palnis, Pumbarai” written on it and the other with a data label with “Travancore, Vattavadai” written on it. The third vial (MHNG-ARTO-14245) contains some 30 specimens separated from a smaller vial by a cotton wool plug; the vial contains a pair of gonopods and other fragments. The data label has “Palnis, Vandaravu” written on it. These specimens are all syntypes. Pagodesmus biporus was designated the type species of the genus Pagodesmus Carl, 1932 in the original description. Pagodesmus biporus Carl, 1932, Pyrgodesmidae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on pages 189-190, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1932. Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon I. Polydesmidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie 39: 411 - 529."]}

gravelyi fergusoni Carl, 1941b: 619, fig. 74[Aulacobolus]. Trivandrum, im südlichen Travancore. H. Ferguson leg., British Museum. One &male; and two &female;. No specimens found in the MHNG collection. The syntypes are in the BMNH. A junior synonym of Aulacobolus gravelyi Silvestri, 1916, Pachybolidae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 205, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1941 b. Diplopoden aus Sudindien und Ceylon 2. Nematophora und Juliformia. Revue suisse de Zoologie 48: 569 - 714.","Silvestri F. 1916. Four new species of Aulacobolus Poc. (Diplopoda: Spirobolidae) from India. Records of the Indian Museum 12: 41 - 4."]}

eremitus Carl, 1941b: 674-677, figs 166-170 [Thyropygus]. Nilgiris: Coonoor, 26.XII.1926. One &male;. The MHNG collection contains one specimen in alcohol (MHNG-ARTO-14233). The data label has “Coonoor, 26.XII ” written on it and the identification labels have “ type ” written on them, indicating that the specimen is the holotype. Most of the specimen is in a glass vial, with the head and anterior body rings, and the gonopods in separate, smaller vials. Gnomognathus eremitus (Carl, 1941), Harpagophoridae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 200, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1941 b. Diplopoden aus Sudindien und Ceylon 2. Nematophora und Juliformia. Revue suisse de Zoologie 48: 569 - 714."]}

contortipes Carl, 1932: 528-529, figs 187-189 [Steganostigmus]. Palnis: Vandaravu-Shola, ca. 2300 m, 6.IV, unter faulem Holz; Mariyanshola, ca. 2300 m, 10.-13.IV, unter faulem Holz. Three &male;. The MHNG collection contains three specimens in two jars. The first jar (MHNG-ARTO-14249) contains two specimens, one broken, in a vial with a data label with “Vandaravu Shola 6.IV ” written on it and a second tube containing gonopods. The second jar (MHNG- ARTO-14250) contains one specimen in a vial with a data label with “Mariyanshola, 10-16.IV ” written on it. The labels show that these are the syntypes. Steganostigmus contortipes Carl, 1932, Pyrgodesmidae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 194, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1932. Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon I. Polydesmidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie 39: 411 - 529."]}

patruelis Carl, 1932: 527-528, figs 185-186 [Steganostigmus]. Palnis: Kukkal-Shola, ca. 1900 m, 1.IV, unter faulem Holz. One &male;. The MHNG collection contains one specimen in alcohol (MHNG-ARTO-14280). The specimen is in a vial, separated by a cotton woll plug from the labes and a smaller vial containing gonopods and other fragments. The locality label has “Palnis, Kukkalshola, 1.IV type ” written on it, indicating that the specimen is the holotype. Steganostigmus patruelis Carl, 1932, Pyrgodesmidae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 222, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1932. Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon I. Polydesmidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie 39: 411 - 529."]}

areatus Carl, 1932: 490-493, figs 114-118 [Archandrodesmus]. Upper-Palnis: Kodaikanal, 24.X.1894, J.R. Henderson leg. (Brit. Museum); Bombay-Shola bei Kodaikanal, 2200 m, unter Holz; Maryian-Shola, 2300 m, 11.-14. IV; Kleine Sholas und Mimosawäldchen bei Pumbarai, 1900 m, 29.III; Kukkal-Shola unter Holz, 1.IV; kleine Kaffee-Plantage unterhalb Kukkal und Pumbarai, 1900 m; Sholas bei Vandaravu F.R., 2300 m, unter Holz, 6.IV. Travancore: Grosser Wald im oberen Vattavadai- Tal, zwischen Palnis und Anaimalais, 1850 m, 10.IV. Lower Palnis: Tandikudi, 1500 m, auf Mauer, nach Regen. Unspecified number of &male; and &female;. The MHNG collection contains 148 specimens in alcohol in eight vials. The first vial (MHNG-ARTO-14364) contains 14 specimens, two of them broken and a data label with “Travancore Vattavadai” written on it. The second vial (MHNG-ARTO-14365) contains 43 specimens, several of them broken, and a data label with “Palnis sup. Vandaravu” written on it. The third vial (MHNG- ARTO-14366) contains nine specimens and a data label with “Palnis sup. Kukkal-Shola” written on it. The fourth vial (MHNG-ARTO-14367) contains 13 specimens and two data labels with “Palnis sup. Pumbarai” and “Mimosawäldchen ob. Pumbarai, 29.III, Unter Holz” written on them respectively. The fifth vial (MHNG- ARTO-14368) contains 17 specimens, some broken, and a data label with “Palnis sup. Maryian-Shola” written on it. The sixth vial (MHNG-ARTO-14369) contains 14 specimens and a data label with “Palnis sup. Kukkal, plantation” written on it. The seventh vial (MHNG- ARTO-14370) contains 30 specimens, some broken, and a data label with “Palnis infér. Tandikudi” written on it. The eighth vial (MHNG-ARTO-14371) contains nine broken specimens, one of them separated in a smaller vial, and a data label with “Palnis sup. Kodaikanal Shola” written on it. These specimens are all syntypes. There is also type material in the BMNH. Archandrodesmus areatus was designated the type species of the genus Archandrodesmus Carl, 1932 in the original description. Cryptocorypha areata (Carl, 1932), Pyrgodesmidae arietis Carl, 1912c: 151-152, pl. 5, figs 10-11 [Platyrrhacus]. Matinang-Kette (Nordseite) Nord Celebes 500-1000 m (coll. Sarasin). Unspecified number of &male;. No specimens found in the MHNG. There is a single &male; syntype (referred to as “Typ” in the NMB catalogue) in the NMB (inventory number NMB-DIPL-00138a). As the only known &male; type, this specimen is here designated lectotype. Erythrhacus arietis (Carl, 1912), Platyrhacidae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on pages 187-188, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1932. Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon I. Polydesmidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie 39: 411 - 529.","Carl J. 1912 c. Die Diplopoden-Fauna von Celebes. Revue suisse de Zoologie 20: 73 - 206."]}

sulcifer Carl, 1932: 504, fig. 141 [Pagodesmus]. Nilgiris: Coonoor, kleine Dschungel, 1500 m, unter Holz, 9.I. More than one juvenile &female;. The MHNG collection contains parts of at least five specimens in alcohol (MHNG-ARTO-18615). Some of the specimens are in fragments and may be incomplete. The data label has “Nilgiris, Coonoor, petite jungle” written on it, indicating that these specimens are syntypes. Pagodesmus sulcifer Carl, 1932, Pyrgodesmidae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 232, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454, {"references":["Carl J. 1932. Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon I. Polydesmidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie 39: 411 - 529."]}

Gadallah, Neveen S., Schmid-Egger, Christian, Brothers, Denis J. (2020): Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Vespoidea, Pompilidae. Zootaxa 4754 (1): 153-173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.16

Xenoporus hamilkar Wolf, 1990 Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: United Arab Emirates (Schmid-Egger 2017). Extralimital distribution: Mauritania, Tunisia (Wolf 1990c)., Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Schmid-Egger, Christian & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Vespoidea, Pompilidae, pp. 153-173 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.16, http://zenodo.org/record/3719039, {"references":["Schmid-Egger, C. (2017) Order Hymenoptera, family Pompilidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE,, 6, 350 - 416."]}

Xenoporus rishedensis Priesner, 1955 Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula: Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (Wolf 1990c). Extralimital distribution: Egypt, Israel (Priesner 1955; Wolf 1990c)., Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Schmid-Egger, Christian & Brothers, Denis J., 2020, Biodiversity of the aculeate wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of the Arabian Peninsula: Vespoidea, Pompilidae, pp. 153-173 in Zootaxa 4754 (1) on page 168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4754.1.16, http://zenodo.org/record/3719039, {"references":["Priesner, H. (1955) A review of the Pompilidae of Egypt (Hymenoptera). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d Egypte, 39, 1 - 215."]}

Genus Schedypodesmus Silvestri, 1898 Schedypodesmus convexus Silvestri, 1898 Schedypodesmus convexus Silvestri, 1898. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 6: 61; HT ZMUC [type species of Schedypodesmus]. Schedypodesmus convexus ��� Attems 1899. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 68: 358. Distribution in Venezuela: Las Trincheras, Valencia Municipality, Carabobo State., Published as part of Bueno-Villegas, Juli��n, Sierwald, Petra & De Ascen����o, Antonio A., 2019, Check list of the Venezuelan millipedes species, pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4686 (2) on page 177, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4686.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3490075, {"references":["Silvestri, F. (1898) Diagnosticos de nuevos Diplopodos Sudamericanos. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 6, 53 - 79.","Attems, C. G. (1899) System der Polydesmiden. II. Theil. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 68, 251 - 435."]}

Genus Docodesmus Cook, 1896 Docodesmus centralis Silvestri, 1898 Docodesmus centralis Silvestri, 1898. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 6 (ser. 2, vol. 3): 62; HT MALE (MSNG). Docodesmus centralis ���Golovatch 1997. Amazoniana, 14(3/4): 328. Docodesmus centralis ��� Jorgensen & Sierwald 2010. International Journal of Myriapodology, 3(1): 42, incertae sedis. Distribution in Venezuela: (Gambe?) La Guaira, Vargas State., Published as part of Bueno-Villegas, Juli��n, Sierwald, Petra & De Ascen����o, Antonio A., 2019, Check list of the Venezuelan millipedes species, pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4686 (2) on page 176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4686.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3490075, {"references":["Silvestri, F. (1898) Diagnosticos de nuevos Diplopodos Sudamericanos. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 6, 53 - 79.","Jorgensen, M. C. & Sierwald, P. (2010) Review of the Caribbean pyrgodesmid genus Docodesmus with notes on potentially related genera (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae). International Journal of Myriapodology, 3 (1), 25 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187525410 X 12578602960461"]}

Genus Stictodesmus Silvestri, 1898 Stictodesmus laetus Silvestri, 1898 Stictodesmus laetus Silvestri, 1898. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 6(3): 61; HT FEMALE (ZMUC). Stictodesmus laetus ��� Attems 1899. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 68: 363 (description of single FEMALE insufficient). Distribution in Venezuela: La Moka (near Caracas according to Silvestri, 1898, 1903), Miranda State., Published as part of Bueno-Villegas, Juli��n, Sierwald, Petra & De Ascen����o, Antonio A., 2019, Check list of the Venezuelan millipedes species, pp. 151-201 in Zootaxa 4686 (2) on page 177, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4686.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3490075, {"references":["Silvestri, F. (1898) Diagnosticos de nuevos Diplopodos Sudamericanos. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 6, 53 - 79.","Attems, C. G. (1899) System der Polydesmiden. II. Theil. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 68, 251 - 435.","Silvestri, F. (1903) Note Diplopodologiche. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata R. Universita di Torino, 18 (433), 1 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26628"]}

Here we provide a checklist of millipedes described or recorded in the literature from Venezuela. The diplopod fauna is comprised of eight orders, 18 families, 54 genera, and 157 species. The millipede orders Glomerida, Chordeumatida, Julida, Siphoniulida, and Platydesmida (known elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere) are not, as of yet, reported from the Venezuelan fauna. Two widely distributed invasive species, Asiomorpha coarctata and Oxidus gracilis, were recorded from Venezuela. All species records listed here contain comprehensive citation and synonymy lists. Numerous locality data are questionable and are discussed. For most species, the supposed deposition of the type specimens is given. However, the museum and gender information is taken mostly from the literature as the type specimen themselves were not examined. An analysis of records extracted from GBIF in 2016 and in 2018 was conducted and compared to the data captured from the published taxonomic literature. The data in this checklist are summarized online at the MilliBase website.

The millipede family Pyrgodesmidae and the genusCryptocoryphaare recorded from Thailand for the first time, being represented there byC.enghoffisp. n.The new species is distinguished by the evident apicodorsal trichostele on the last tibia of both sexes and the gonopodal telopodite being particularly complex, quadripartite, consisting of the longest, mesal, suberect solenomere branch; a slightly shorter, similarly slender, acuminate endomere branch tightly appressed to the solenomere; a somewhat shorter, caudal, strongly curved, armed exomere process; and a very distinct, low, lateral, sac-shaped velum at their base. This situation strongly resembles the one observed in the geographically closestC.perplexaGolovatch & VandenSpiegel, 2015, from Myanmar, but the shapes and armament of all outgrowths of the gonopodal telopodite are clearly different. A key to all threeCryptocoryphapecies known from Indochina or Myanmar and an updated checklist of all 21 species of the genus are provided.

La Camelia bei Angelopolis. Unspecified number of &male; and &female;. The MHNG collection contains three specimens in alcohol. The specimens each have a pin running the length of the body and are in a glass vial (MHNG- ARTO-14357). A smaller vial (MHNG-ARTO-14358) contains gonopods. The identification labels in the jar both have “ Colombie coll. Fuhrmann ” written on them and there is a printed “Cotype” label, indicating that the specimens are syntypes. There are also two syntypes (one &male; and one &female; referred to as “ Co-Typus ” in the NMB catalogue) in the NMB (inventory number NMB-DIPL- 00227a). Trichomorpha annulipes Carl, 1914, Chelodesmidae, Published as part of Hollier, John, Stöckli, Eduard, Wesener, Thomas, Mesibov, Robert, Decker, Peter & Sierwald, Petra, 2020, An annotated list of the millipede (Diplopoda) species described by Johann Carl, pp. 183-240 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 187, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0015, http://zenodo.org/record/5743454

92. Cryptocorypha perplexa Golovatch and VandenSpiegel, 2015 Cryptocorypha perplexa Golovatch and VandenSpiegel, 2015b: 27 (D). Record from Myanmar: southern Chin State, above Kampetlet, below Mountain Oasis Resort, 1,585 m a.s.l., 21&ring;11���43.6���N, 94&ring;02���1.1���N (Golovatch and VandenSpiegel 2015b). The holotype and two paratypes are in the Senckenberg Museum, while one male paratype is in the Moscow Museum., Published as part of Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Golovatch, Sergei I. & Panha, Somsak, 2017, A checklist of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Myanmar, with an updated list of Leonardo Fea's collecting localities, pp. 1-46 in Zootaxa 4350 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1050931, {"references":["Golovatch, S. I. & VandenSpiegel, D. (2015 b) A new species of the millipede genus Cryptocorypha Attems, 1907, from Myanmar (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Pyrgodesmidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 24 (4), 21 - 31."]}

Genus Akreiodesmus Attems, 1940 Type-species: A. minutus Carl, 1932, by subsequent designation of Attems (1940)., Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei I. & Wesener, Thomas, 2016, A species checklist of the millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) of India, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4129 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4129.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/257571, {"references":["Attems, C. (1940) Myriopoda 3. Polydesmoidea III. Fam. Polydesmidae, Vanhoeffeniidae, Cryptodesmidae, Oniscodesmidae, Sphaeriotrichopidae, Peridontodesmidae, Rhachidesmidae, Macellolophidae, Pandirodesmidae. Das Tierreich, 70, i - xxxii + 1 - 577.","Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948"]}

Klimakodesmus permutatus Attems, 1936 Klimakodesmus permutatus Attems, 1936: 246, nom. nov., (D), a replacement for Pyrgodesmus obscurus Silvestri, 1920, preoccupied by Pyrgodesmus obscurus Pocock, 1892. Pyrgodesmus obscurus Silvestri, 1920: 120, figs 1���3, (OD) (non Pyrgodesmus obscurus Pocock, 1892) Records from Sri Lanka. Peradeniya (Attems, 1936). Distribution. Only known from Sri Lanka., Published as part of De Zoysa, H. K. S., Nguyen, Anh D. & Wickramasinghe, S., 2016, Annotated checklist of millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) of Sri Lanka, pp. 451-482 in Zootaxa 4061 (5) on page 477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4061.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/270407, {"references":["Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11 (4), 133 - 323.","Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the Subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19, 117 - 135.","Pocock, R. I. (1892) Report upon two collections of Myriopoda sent from Ceylon by Mr. E. E. Green, and from various parts of southern India by Mr. Edgar Thurston, of the Government Central Museum, Madras. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 7, 131 - 174."]}

Pagodesmus eremitus Carl, 1932 Pagodesmus eremitus Carl, 1932: 503, 504 (D). India, Upper Palnis, Bombay-shola near Kodaikanal. Pagodesmus eremitus��� Attems, 1936: 245 (R); 1940: 310, 311 (D); Rajulu, 1970 b: 136 (M)., Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei I. & Wesener, Thomas, 2016, A species checklist of the millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) of India, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4129 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4129.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/257571, {"references":["Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948","Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11 (4), 133 - 323.","Rajulu, S. G. (1970 b) A catalogue of Myriapoda of India. (Part I). Journal of the Madras University, Series B, 1, 111 - 149."]}

Akreiodesmus simulans Carl, 1932 Akreiodesmus simulans Carl, 1932: 506 (D). India, Nilgiris, Coonoor; Lower Palnis, Maryland. Akreiodesmus simulans ��� Attems, 1936: 245 (R); 1940: 291, 292 (D); Rajulu, 1970 b: 137 (M); Bai, 2001: 46, 50 (R)., Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei I. & Wesener, Thomas, 2016, A species checklist of the millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) of India, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4129 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4129.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/257571, {"references":["Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948","Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11 (4), 133 - 323.","Rajulu, S. G. (1970 b) A catalogue of Myriapoda of India. (Part I). Journal of the Madras University, Series B, 1, 111 - 149.","Bai, M. M. (2001) Millipede (Diplopoda). Fauna of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Zoological Survey of India. Fauna of Conservation Areas Series, 10, 45 - 53."]}

Steganostigmus patruelis Carl, 1932 Steganostigmus patruelis Carl, 1932: 527 (D). India, Palnis, Kukkal-shola. Steganostigmus patruelis ��� Attems, 1936: 246 (R); 1940: 315 (D); Rajulu, 1970 b: 138 (M)., Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei I. & Wesener, Thomas, 2016, A species checklist of the millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) of India, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4129 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4129.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/257571, {"references":["Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948","Attems, C. (1936) Diplopoda of India. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11 (4), 133 - 323.","Rajulu, S. G. (1970 b) A catalogue of Myriapoda of India. (Part I). Journal of the Madras University, Series B, 1, 111 - 149."]}

Golovatch, Sergei I., Wesener, Thomas (2016): A species checklist of the millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) of India. Zootaxa 4129 (1): 1-75, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4129.1.1