Search

The development of the youth professional orientation mental concept is considered in the context of solving the socio-economic and legal relations problem under a shortage of labor resources and meta-subject competencies, which reflects the cognitive, value and worldview, as well as behavioral bifurcation of human civilization. Mentality is a complex existential, anthropological and phenomenological concept, a unique result of purposeful action of the social environment internalization and a prerequisite for its transformation. It forms under an axiological split in the society and is determined by intrapersonal, socio-economic, cultural, and historical factors. The mental concept construction is based on the idea of smoothing out the value and worldview contradictions, possibly transforming the institutions that seek to change the norms in the public consciousness in the direction of negotiability, increasing the level of trust, which reduces enterprises activities’ transaction costs. The methodological basis of the implemented concept is made up of the anthropological and convergent approaches’ provisions.

The transport has a special role to play in the regional socioeconomic development, which changes depending on the prevailing trends for population mobility, introduction of advanced technologies, extension of economic connections, and growth in regional production. The study explores the problem of the interface between transport and regional economy on the example of the Ural Federal District. Methodologically, it relies on the theories of spatial development and regional economics. The main method of research is correlation and regression analysis. The evidence is the socioeconomic data on transport as well as values of gross regional product of the Ural Federal District for 2010–2020 sourced from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The paper develops a model for forecasting GRP. The analysis indicates the presence of the relationship between the socioeconomic metrics of the transport sector and gross regional product of the Ural Federal District. In particular, there is the correlation between the indicators “density of public roads with hard surface”, “deaths in road accidents per 100,000 population” and gross regional product of the Ural Federal District. The paper concludes about the need to develop a composite indicator for assessing the transport sector that will reflect the ongoing digital modernisation and introduction of innovations.

The socio-economic situation in the world and the Russian Federation in particular is characterized by increasing mobility in all spheres of public life and the expansion of economic ties. To maintain its competitive advantages, a territory should ensure effective communication lines and a highly developed transport system. The paper investigates the issues of transport infrastructure management in Russia at regional level. The theoretical framework includes the concepts of public management and digital transformation, as well as spatial development theory. The methods of synthesis, expert assessment, and min-max normalization were used. Statistical data were retrieved from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) for 2016–2021. It was found that the current methodologies for assessing transport infrastructure are not in line with the global trends in the social development, including digital transformation. In the paper, we come up with a new methodology for assessing digital transport infrastructure (DTI) which suggests calculating a composite index of the region’s DTI based on four subindices: transport, education, information and communication, and innovation. The study provides composite indices for Russia’s all federal districts for the period from 2016 to 2021 indicating that the regions are seriously lagging behind the center, and the development level of innovation, ICT and education is insufficient.

Six benzoic acid-degrading bacteria of the genus Dietzia were isolated from the saline ecotopes of the Verkhnekamskoe and Yakshinskoe salt deposits (Perm region, Komi Republic, Russia). Benzoic acid (BA) may accumulate in ecosystems through technogenic processes, as well as during the microbiological decomposition of complex organic compounds containing an aromatic ring. The strains studied here were found to be closely related to D. psychralcaliphila, D. kunjamensis subsp. kunjamensis, D. cercidiphylli, and D. maris. It was shown that they are halotolerant and able to thrive on BA as their sole carbon and energy source in the absence of salt or in the presence of 50–70 g/L NaCl. They also contain benA genes encoding the α-subunit of benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase, the key enzyme of BA degradation. The highest level of similarity (79.32–91.38%) was observed between the nucleotide sequences of the benA genes of the strains considered and the homologous sequences of Actinomycetes representatives from genera such as Dietzia, Mycolicibacterium, Geodermatophilus, Pseudonocardia, Corynebacterium, and Raineyella. The described active BA degraders belonging to the genus Dietzia have the potential to aid in the development of bioremediation techniques for environmental objects contaminated with mono(poly)aromatic pollutants and subject to salting.

This article provides the first description of the bacterial diversity in the Permian rock of the Upper Pechora salt basin. Halophilic and halotolerant bacteria of the classes Gammaproteobacteria (from the genera Halomonas, Marinobacter, and Idiomarina) and Actinomycetia (from the genus Dietzia) were isolated from the brines extracted during the underground dissolution of carnallite rocks in the pilot well of the Yakshinskoe deposit (Komi Republic, Russia) of potassium-magnesium salts. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences cloned from the total DNA of the floatable part of the insoluble brine residues revealed the following bacterial classes: Gammaproteobacteria (closely related to the genera Idiomarina, Marinimicrobium, Marinobacter, Methylophaga, and Pseudidiomarina), Betaproteobacteria (phenologically similar to the genera Achromobacter and Methylotenera), as well as Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteriia (related to the genera Sulfitobacter and Salegentibacter, respectively). Several identified phylotypes (clones 113YS, 8YS, 150YS, and 157YS) had a low level of similarity with the closest type strains of the genera Methylophaga (M. nitratireducenticrescens JAM1T, 96.86%), Salegentibacter (S. salarius ISL-6T, 98.58%), and Methylotenera (M. versatilis 301T, 98.05% and 98.19%). This indicates that the brine samples contained new, previously undescribed, bacterial taxa. The results obtained define and shape the future prospects for studying the phylogenetic and functional diversity of microorganisms in the salt strata of the Yakshinskoe deposit.

The relevance of the problem under study is based on the influence of the expanding globalization processes that affect the view of life of a modern man: the internal balance is lost due to feeling of chaos, rhythm of life and constant changes. In these conditions there is a tendency to de-humanize the living environment, depersonalization of living space and desacralization of human dwelling which leads to re-thinking of the Home that ensures human existence in the world. The purpose of the article is to state the necessity of new understanding of the Home as the phenomenon of culture which would confront the absolute priority of the rational, pragmatic and utilitarian through the notion of "the innermost", through studying the transformation of the innermost within the historical context and through revealing the dialectics of the innermost and the explicit in living space of the modern culture. The lead method for studying this problem is the interdisciplinary approach that provides the possibility of comprehensive consideration of the results of philosophical, cultural, architectural and other studies. The article reveals the essence and the main philosophical-cultural characteristics of the Home and the essence of the innermost as a special super-value, specifies the traditional image of the innermost in living space related to the Home as the centre of existence and reveals the attributes of transformation of the innermost in the Home resulting from the processes which are characteristic of the modern age. The materials of the article can be useful for developing the scientific-methodological support of general and special courses, for conducting lessons in philosophical-cultural disciplines and for usage for designing and modeling the living environment.

The topicality of the investigated problem is stipulated by the social need for training competitive engineers with a high level of graphical literacy; especially geometric and graphic training of students and its projected results in a competence-based approach; individual characteristics and interests of the students, as well as methodological approaches to the design of training and methodological support of the process of individualization of geometric and graphic training. The purpose of the article is to develop a structural and functional model of organization of geometric and graphic training of students of a technical University and its approbation. The leading method of research of this problem is a pedagogical modeling, which allows to consider this issue as a process of developing students readiness to operate spatial objects in the study of geometric and graphic disciplines. The article presents the structural and functional organization model of geometric and graphic training of students in technical university, consisting of interrelated components: a target, theoretical and methodological, technological, diagnostic and effective; we developed an algorithm for the implementation of this model. The article can be useful for the organization of the geometric and graphic training in universities, with appropriate adaptation in educational institutions of secondary vocational education in specialized classes in secondary schools.

The authors reason the necessity of moving beyond the methodology of geo-ecological planning in assessing coastal areas investment potential and developing the system of technics enabling to take into consideration environmental and economic risks as well as industry specifics of the realized project. The paper represents the authors' toolware enabling to assess the influence of separate kinds of environmental and economic risks on every component of investment potential of the region; it includes the appraisal of the application of the proposed toolware in coastal areas of the Azov Sea and the Low Don of the South of Russia demonstrating its usefulness for regional management. The author's system of technics enabled: to identify risks of project realization in the sphere of developing tourist and recreational complex on the territories under examination; to estimate the level of significance of environmental and economic risk for every component of the area's investment potential.

Introduction. Noncommunicable diseases are the cause of the majority of deaths in the world. In the near future, neoplasms will be a leading cause of death and a challenge for an increasing life expectancy in most countries of the world. In this regard, we aimed to analyze the structural changes in cancer mortality in Russia in the period 1965–2019, comparing them with trends in other countries, and to assess the hypothetical gain in life expectancy due to complete eliminating cancer mortality.Material and methods. We used data on the age-specific mortality rates of the Russian Fertility and mortality database (rusfmd) of the centre of demographic Research of the New economic school (cdr Nes). We also used data from international databases: oecd Health statistics, global who mortality database, european Health for all database and international agency for Research on cancer. The analysis was carried out separately for males and females using decomposition and standardization methods.Conclusion. During the soviet era, there were no positive changes in the rate and structure of cancer mortality. A decrease in the age-standardized death rate (asdr) was achieved only in the post-soviet period. However, despite the currently comparable cancer mortality rates in Russia and the eu, Russia is characterized by: a lower total number of deaths; higher asdrs of pediatric cancers; lower average life expectancy; lower five-year survival rate of patients. An increase in the average age at death and five-year survival rate may have a positive effect on an increase in the healthy life expectancy of the Russian population, but may not significantly affect the decrease in the asdr for cancer. Therefore, these causes of death should not be considered as one of the main reserves for the growth of life expectancy (le), since even its complete elimination in the coming years can provide an increase in life expectancy by no more than 2 years.

Vaccination of the population is one of the most effective countermeasures in responding to the pandemic caused by novel coronavirus infection. Therefore, scientists all over the world have been working to develop effective and safe vaccines. We have developed a synthetic peptide vaccine, EpiVacCorona, against novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which is a suspension for intramuscular administration containing a composition of chemically synthesized peptide immunogens of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus conjugated to a carrier protein and adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. Phase I–II clinical trials of the vaccine have started that consist of two stages: Stage 1 is an open study of the safety, reactogenicity, and immunological activity of the vaccine with the involvement of 14 volunteers aged 18–30 years; Stage 2 is a single blind, comparative, randomized placebo-controlled study with the involvement of 86 volunteers. The study involved volunteers aged 18–60 years; the vaccine was injected intramuscularly twice, spaced 21 days apart between injections. All local reactions in response to vaccine administration were mild, such as a short-term pain at the injection site. There were no signs of development of local or systemic adverse reactions. The two-dose vaccination scheme induced the production of antibodies, specific to the antigens that make up the vaccine, in 100% of the volunteers. Seroconversion with a neutralizing antibody titer ≥ 1:20 was reported in 100% of the volunteers 21 days following the second immunization dose. No seroconversion was reported in the groups of volunteers vaccinated with a placebo. The peptide-based EpiVacCorona Vaccine has low reactogenicity and is a safe, immunogenic product. Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT04527575.

Textural and morphological features of hydrophobic silicon dioxide, obtained by the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in an ammonia medium followed by modification of a spherical SiO2 particles surface with a hydrophobic polymethylhydrosiloxane, were studied in this work. The size of silicon dioxide particles was controlled during preparation based on the Stöber process by variation of the amount of water (mol) in relation to other components. The ratio of components, synthesis time and amount of the hydrophobizing agent were determined to obtain superhydrophobic monodisperse silicon dioxide with a spherical particle size of 50–400 nm and a contact angle of more than 150°. In the case of the struvite example, it was demonstrated that the application of spherical- shaped hydrophobic silicon dioxide particles in powder compounds significantly improves the flowability of crystalline hydrates. The functional additive based on the developed silicon dioxide particles makes it possible to implement the use of crystalline hydrates in fire-extinguishing powders, preventing agglomeration and caking processes. The high fire-extinguishing efficiency of the powder composition based on struvite and the developed functional additive has been proven by using thermal analysis methods (TGA/DSC).

Background: Mycobacterium smegmatis and other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are widely distributed in the environment, but a significant increase of NTM infections has taken place in the last few decades. The objective of this study was to determine the role of toxin–antitoxin (TA) vapBC and mazEF systems that act as effectors of persistence in the stress response of NTM. Methods: The growth ability and the biofilm formation of NTM were evaluated by conventional methods. Bacterial cell viability was determined using MTT staining, agar plating, or the method of limiting dilutions. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of antibiotics were estimated using broth and agar dilution methods. Results: Despite a comparable growth dynamics and biofilm formation on solid/liquid interface with the wild type, a M. smegmatis vapBC, mazEF, and vapBC × mazEF deletion mutant produced more abundant pellicle and were more susceptible to heat shock. Significant differences were also found in the resistance wild type of NTM to isoniazid and ciprofloxacin reflected by higher MBC/MIC ratios. The proposed method of cultivation of agar blocks without visible growth after MIC determination into a liquid medium allows us to detect transition of all wild type of NTM strains to a dormant state in the presence of subMICs of isoniazid and ciprofloxacin while all deletion mutants failed to form dormant cells. Conclusion: Our data suggest that both vapBC and mazEF TA systems putatively involved in the heat and antibiotic stress response of NTM via their key role in transition to the dormant state.

Using different data sources (HCoD, IRTAD, UNECE statistical database, police data), our research shows that the significant excess of pedestrian mortality over motor vehicle occupant mortality in 1988-1999 in Russia, according to RusFMD, is an abnormal phenomenon that most likely never occurred. Police data is preferable for assessing mortality levels by road user types in Russia. According to Russian police data, pedestrian mortality never exceeded motor vehicle occupant mortality. The steady decline of pedestrian mortality began in 2003, not in 1993, as vital statistics show. In 2008, pedestrian mortality for the first time reached the minimum level of the Soviet period. After significant fluctuations, motor vehicle occupant mortality dropped to the level of the early 1970s only in 2015-2017. The use of vital statistics is possible if it is necessary to differentiate road traffic mortality by sex, age, and type of settlements. Categorisation by road user types should be done with caution, using the following data sources: HCoD data from 1988 and RusFMD data from 1970 to 1988 and after 1999. It is suggested that difficulties in analysing long-term mortality by road user types based on vital statistics may occur in post-Soviet countries, where the Soviet abridged classification of causes of death (SC) was used. The prevalence of deaths coded by unspecified V-codes (V89) should also be considered.

The article deals with the results of experimental studies on statistical processing of diffraction spectra of solid drugs for the purpose of their separation and identification. Diffractograms of the original and falsified drugs Arifon were used for the study. They were obtained on a desktop diffractometer Difray 401 produced by Scientific Instruments Inc. (Saint Petersburg, Russia). The research was conducted in the Scilab environment distributed under a free license. The captured diffraction spectra were processed using a smoothing procedure that eliminated the influence of a random component in the original data. Analysis of the results of smoothing by the moving average method showed that the smoothing algorithm with the window 41 point is most preferable. The results of statistical processing of diffractograms of the drugs investigated by the principal component analysis (PCA) in graphical and numerical form, which showed good convergence and efficiency of this method in the separation of diffraction spectra, are presented. The conducted studies make it possible to create a technique that allows identifying solid drugs by X-ray diffraction.

SARS-CoV-2, which emerged in Wuhan (China), has become a great worldwide problem in 2020 and has led to more than 1,000,000 deaths worldwide. Many laboratories are searching for ways to fight this pandemic. We studied the action of the cellular antiviral protein tetherin, which is encoded by the BST2 gene. We deleted the transmembrane domain-encoding part of the gene in the Vero cell line. The transmembrane domain is a target for virus-antagonizing proteins. We showed a decrease in SARS-CoV-2 in cells with deleted transmembrane BST2 domains compared to the initial Vero cell line. Similar results were obtained for SARS-CoV and avian influenza virus. This finding may help the development of antiviral therapies competitively targeting the transmembrane domain of tetherin with viral-antagonizing proteins.

In 2016, the crude death rate from road traffic accidents in Russia decreased, according to police data, to a level not observed since 1971, after which it continued to decline. The positive trends apparently served as the basis for the optimistic goals laid down in the Road Safety Strategy for 2018-2024. Based on police data, vital statistics on mortality and international databases on mortality and road safety, the authors try to answer these questions: Are the goals set achievable within the specified timeframe, and how consistent are they with European trends in road traffic mortality, as well as with Russia's present differentiation of road traffic mortality by space, age and category of road users? The study showed that the deadlines for achieving targets in the Road Safety Strategy are very tight. Today, only large and medium-sized cities have the potential to implement a new Road Safety Strategy in which the crude death rate should not exceed 1.5-2 deaths per 100 thousand people by 2024, whereas in small cities and rural settlements - 2.5-3 deaths per 100 thousand people. For many years, the main risk groups have been drivers and passengers aged 15-44 and pedestrians over 60 years old, who do not appear in the Road Safety Strategy as priority categories. In addition, the article shows that in order to eliminate the existing discrepancies between the numbers of deaths published by the two official reporting systems (the police and Rosstat), the very first step might be for Rosstat to stop calculating the number of road traffic deaths based on the current version of the abridged classification of causes of death and transition to one of the two international approaches for aggregating three-digit codes of causes of death used by the WHO.