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6. Glucocorticoids and COVID-19

Author

Bruscoli, Stefano, primary, Puzzovio, Pier Giorgio, additional, Zaimi, Maria, additional, Tiligada, Katerina, additional, Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, additional, and Riccardi, Carlo, additional

Published
2022
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9. Selected recent advances in understanding the role of human mast cells in health and disease

Author

Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, Gibbs, Bernhard F, Hallgren, Jenny, Pucillo, Carlo, Redegeld, Frank, Siebenhaar, Frank, Vitte, Joana, Mezouar, Soraya, Michel, Moïse, Puzzovio, Pier Giorgio, Maurer, Marcus, Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, Gibbs, Bernhard F, Hallgren, Jenny, Pucillo, Carlo, Redegeld, Frank, Siebenhaar, Frank, Vitte, Joana, Mezouar, Soraya, Michel, Moïse, Puzzovio, Pier Giorgio, and Maurer, Marcus

Abstract

Mast cells are highly granular tissue-resident cells and key drivers of inflammation, particularly in allergies as well as in other inflammatory diseases. Most mast cell research was initially conducted in rodents but has increasingly shifted to the human system, with the advancement of research technologies and methodologies. Today we can analyze primary human cells including rare subpopulations, we can produce and maintain mast cells isolated from human tissues, and there are several human mast cell lines. These tools have substantially facilitated our understanding of their role and function in different organs in both health and disease. We can now define more clearly where human mast cells originate from, how they develop, which mediators they store, produce de novo, and release, how they are activated and by which receptors, and which neighboring cells they interact with and by which mechanisms. Considerable progress has also been made regarding the potential contribution of mast cells to disease, which, in turn, has led to the development of novel approaches for preventing key pathogenic effects of mast cells, heralding the era of mast cell–targeted therapeutics. In this review, we present and discuss a selection of some of the most significant advancements and remaining gaps in our understanding of human mast cells during the last 25 years, with a focus on clinical relevance.

Published
2022

10. Selected recent advances in understanding the role of human mast cells in health and disease

Author

Afd Pharmacology, Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, Gibbs, Bernhard F, Hallgren, Jenny, Pucillo, Carlo, Redegeld, Frank, Siebenhaar, Frank, Vitte, Joana, Mezouar, Soraya, Michel, Moïse, Puzzovio, Pier Giorgio, Maurer, Marcus, Afd Pharmacology, Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, Gibbs, Bernhard F, Hallgren, Jenny, Pucillo, Carlo, Redegeld, Frank, Siebenhaar, Frank, Vitte, Joana, Mezouar, Soraya, Michel, Moïse, Puzzovio, Pier Giorgio, and Maurer, Marcus

Published
2022

17. Mimicking human riboflavin responsive neuromuscular disorders by silencing flad‐1 gene in C. elegans: Alteration of vitamin transport and cholinergic transmission.

Author

Leone, Piero, Tolomeo, Maria, Piancone, Elisabetta, Puzzovio, Pier Giorgio, De Giorgi, Carla, Indiveri, Cesare, Di Schiavi, Elia, and Barile, Maria

Subjects
NEUROMUSCULAR diseases, CAENORHABDITIS elegans, VITAMIN B2, GENE silencing, NEUROMUSCULAR transmission, VITAMINS, NERVOUS system
Abstract

Riboflavin (Rf), or vitamin B2, is the precursor of FMN and FAD, redox cofactors of several dehydrogenases involved in energy metabolism, redox balance and other cell regulatory processes. FAD synthase, coded by FLAD1 gene in humans, is the last enzyme in the pathway converting Rf into FAD. Mutations in FLAD1 gene are responsible for neuromuscular disorders, in some cases treatable with Rf. In order to mimic these disorders, the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) gene orthologue of FLAD1 (flad‐1) was silenced in a model strain hypersensitive to RNA interference in nervous system. Silencing flad‐1 resulted in a significant decrease in total flavin content, paralleled by a decrease in the level of the FAD‐dependent ETFDH protein and by a secondary transcriptional down‐regulation of the Rf transporter 1 (rft‐1) possibly responsible for the total flavin content decrease. Conversely an increased ETFDH mRNA content was found. These biochemical changes were accompanied by significant phenotypical changes, including impairments of fertility and locomotion due to altered cholinergic transmission, as indicated by the increased sensitivity to aldicarb. A proposal is made that neuronal acetylcholine production/release is affected by alteration of Rf homeostasis. Rf supplementation restored flavin content, increased rft‐1 transcript levels and eliminated locomotion defects. In this aspect, C. elegans could provide a low‐cost animal model to elucidate the molecular rationale for Rf therapy in human Rf responsive neuromuscular disorders and to screen other molecules with therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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18. Comparing biologicals and small molecule drug therapies for chronic respiratory diseases : An EAACI Taskforce on Immunopharmacology position paper

Author

Roth-Walter, Franziska, Adcock, Ian M., Benito-Villalvilla, Cristina, Bianchini, Rodolfo, Bjermer, Leif, Caramori, Gaetano, Cari, Luigi, Chung, Kian Fan, Diamant, Zuzana, Eguiluz-Gracia, Ibon, Knol, Edward F, Kolios, Antonios G.A., Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, Nocentini, Giuseppe, Palomares, Oscar, Puzzovio, Pier Giorgio, Redegeld, Frank A, van Esch, Betty C.A.M., Stellato, Cristiana, Roth-Walter, Franziska, Adcock, Ian M., Benito-Villalvilla, Cristina, Bianchini, Rodolfo, Bjermer, Leif, Caramori, Gaetano, Cari, Luigi, Chung, Kian Fan, Diamant, Zuzana, Eguiluz-Gracia, Ibon, Knol, Edward F, Kolios, Antonios G.A., Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, Nocentini, Giuseppe, Palomares, Oscar, Puzzovio, Pier Giorgio, Redegeld, Frank A, van Esch, Betty C.A.M., and Stellato, Cristiana

Published
2019

19. Comparing biologicals and small molecule drug therapies for chronic respiratory diseases: An EAACI Taskforce on Immunopharmacology position paper

Author

CTI, Infection & Immunity, MS Dermatologie/Allergologie, Roth-Walter, Franziska, Adcock, Ian M., Benito-Villalvilla, Cristina, Bianchini, Rodolfo, Bjermer, Leif, Caramori, Gaetano, Cari, Luigi, Chung, Kian Fan, Diamant, Zuzana, Eguiluz-Gracia, Ibon, Knol, Edward F, Kolios, Antonios G.A., Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, Nocentini, Giuseppe, Palomares, Oscar, Puzzovio, Pier Giorgio, Redegeld, Frank A, van Esch, Betty C.A.M., Stellato, Cristiana, CTI, Infection & Immunity, MS Dermatologie/Allergologie, Roth-Walter, Franziska, Adcock, Ian M., Benito-Villalvilla, Cristina, Bianchini, Rodolfo, Bjermer, Leif, Caramori, Gaetano, Cari, Luigi, Chung, Kian Fan, Diamant, Zuzana, Eguiluz-Gracia, Ibon, Knol, Edward F, Kolios, Antonios G.A., Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, Nocentini, Giuseppe, Palomares, Oscar, Puzzovio, Pier Giorgio, Redegeld, Frank A, van Esch, Betty C.A.M., and Stellato, Cristiana

Published
2019

22. Comparing biologicals and small molecule drug therapies for chronic respiratory diseases: An EAACI Taskforce on Immunopharmacology position paper

Author

Roth-Walter, Franziska, primary, Adcock, Ian M., additional, Benito-Villalvilla, Cristina, additional, Bianchini, Rodolfo, additional, Bjermer, Leif, additional, Caramori, Gaetano, additional, Cari, Luigi, additional, Chung, Kian Fan, additional, Diamant, Zuzana, additional, Eguiluz-Gracia, Ibon, additional, Knol, Edward F., additional, Kolios, Antonios G. A., additional, Levi-Schaffer, Francesca, additional, Nocentini, Giuseppe, additional, Palomares, Oscar, additional, Puzzovio, Pier Giorgio, additional, Redegeld, Frank A., additional, van Esch, Betty C. A. M., additional, and Stellato, Cristiana, additional

Published
2019
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24. Update on Eosinophil Interaction with Mast Cells: The Allergic Effector Unit.

Author

Gangwar RS, Pahima H, Puzzovio PG, and Levi-Schaffer F

Subjects
Animals, Cell Communication immunology, Cell Communication physiology, Chemokines metabolism, Coculture Techniques methods, Cytokines metabolism, Eosinophils metabolism, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity metabolism, Inflammation metabolism, Male, Mast Cells metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Cell Culture Techniques methods, Eosinophils cytology, Mast Cells cytology
Abstract

Mast cells and eosinophils are the key effector cells of allergy [1]. In general, allergic reactions are composed of two phases, namely an early phase and a late phase, and after that resolution occurs. If the allergic reactions fail to resolve after the late phase, allergic inflammation (AI) can evolve into a chronic phase mainly involving mast cells and eosinophils that abundantly coexist in the inflamed tissue in the late and chronic phases and cross-talk in a bidirectional manner. We defined these bidirectional interactions between MCs and Eos, as the "allergic effector unit." This cross talk is mediated by both physical cell-cell contacts through cell surface receptors such as CD48, 2B4, and respective ligands and through released mediators such as various specific granular mediators, arachidonic acid metabolites, cytokines, and chemokines [2, 3]. The allergic effector unit can be studied in vitro in a customized co-culture system using mast cells and eosinophils derived from either mouse or human sources.

Published
2021
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