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Wellness tourism is a tourist activity that has become popular in society nowadays as an alternative to carrying out non-pharmacological therapy to achieve body balance, mind, and spirit. Bali is a popular destination for wellness activities such as SPAs, yoga, and meditation. This research aims to analyze the pull and push factors influencing tourists’ choice of wellness tourism in Bali. This cross-sectional descriptive research uses yogists who come to Bali Eling Spirit as samples. The target population was all yogis in Bali Eling Spirit Yoga Centre. The sample was selected by consecutive sampling; all yogists were recruited as samples and met inclusion criteria. This research used a questionnaire method to collect data. The measuring indicators in this questionnaire use a Likert scale. This study adopted a questionnaire that existed in previous research. The location of this research was Gianyar Regency, namely Bali Eling Spirit. The results show that most samples were women who chose yogas as wellness tourism, and push and pull factors were in high classification. Yoga is the type of wellness that respondents most frequently practice. Respondents chose Yoga in Bali Eling Spirit because of its simple technique and cheap price. Pull and push factors for tourists choosing wellness tourism in Bali Eling Spirit receive high scores for healing, Bali's natural beauty, and various types of wellness. Further research must be conducted to apply this pull and push factor in other wellness types.

Highlights: 1. This study attempted an experiment on the novel invention of a naturally sourced larvacide, specifically breadfruit (Artocarpus atilis) flower extract, against Aedes aegepti. 2. The findings of this study suggest that breadfruit flower extract can serve as an effective larvacide, as evident by an increased mortality rate of Aedes aegepti larvae. Abstract Dengue hemorrhagic fever remains a major problem in Indonesia. The mosquito that spreads this disease is the Aedes aegypti species. The use of larvicides is a viable method to inhibit the growth of larvae into adult mosquitoes. The flowers of breadfruits (Artocarpus atilis) have long been used as a natural mosquito killer. The objectives of this study were to determine the lethal dose 50 (LC50) of breadfruit flower extract and to analyze its potential as a larvicide against stage 2–3 instar Aedes aegypti larvae. In this true experimental research, each of four treatment groups was administered with breadfruit flower extracts at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 90 ppm, respectively. The positive control group was treated with temephos (Abate), while the negative control group received no treatment. Larval mortality was recorded at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours post-intervention. The observed larval deaths were compared among the groups. Quantitative data encompassing the larval mortality in each group were analyzed using the repetitive analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the probit test with minimum p value

BACKGROUND Malaria remains one of the major causes of death worldwide. Holothuria scabra has a high nutritional content and many biological effects. The development of alternative anti-malarial drugs is necessary, considering that resistance to the newest anti-malarial drugs has been reported. This research study aimed to determine the anti-malarial effects of Holothuria scabra in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. METHODS This was a post-test only control group study conducted on 24 Balb/c mice. Peter’s four-day suppressive test was employed to ascertain the claimed anti-plasmodial effect of the simplicia. Following inoculation with P. berghei, all 24 mice were infected and randomized into 4 groups, namely 3 treatment groups and 1 control group. The control group was given carboxymethyl cellulose, two of the treatment groups were given doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg BW Holothuria scabra, respectively, using Peter’s four-day suppressive test, while the remaining treatment group received a dose of 100 mg/kgBW using the prophylactic method. Data were analyzed using One way ANOVA. RESULTS The results showed by using both the four-day suppressive test and the prophylactic method, that Holothuria scabra has antimalarial activity. Holothuria scabra at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW was significantly effective in decreasing the percentage of parasitemia (p=0.000) and tended to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium berghei in mice (p=0.054). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Holothuria scabra possesses anti-plasmodial activity in mice. Hence, the sea cucumber could serve as a potential source of a newer antimalarial agent.

Utilization of tourism clinics, particularly for pre-travel consultations, remains low among domestic tourists. The current study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge level and attitude towards the utilization of tourism clinics for pre-travel consultations in Bali Province. The study sample consisted of 106 domestic tourists who were present in Bali during the period of May-September 2022. Consecutive sampling was used, and the Chi-Square Test was executed for data analysis with the aid of the SPSS version 25.0 program. The research findings indicate that the majority of domestic tourists (50%) originated from Malang. Additionally, the study revealed that women accounted for a greater proportion (62.3%) of domestic tourists. The research results also showed that 60 tourists had a good level of knowledge and utilized the tourism clinic, while 59 tourists had an agreeable attitude towards the utilization of the tourism clinic. The results of the study demonstrate a significant relationship between knowledge level (p

Highlights: 1. This study assessed the immunomodulatory potential of Moringa oleifera, which may serve as a natural source for antimalarial treatment. 2. Moringa oleifera extract can act as an immunomodulator due to its suppressive effect on Plasmodium berghei infection. Abstract Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. In Indonesia, this disease remains a health concern that must be resolved. Due to its high prevalence in eastern Indonesia, it is a challenge to eradicate this disease. Moringa oleifera contains various substances that are believed to have antimalarial activity. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in increasing immune cells and eradicating parasites by using mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. The research was conducted in vivo on BALB/c strain mice (n=40) that were already infected with Plasmodium berghei. Moringa oleifera leaf extract at 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations was administered orally every day to the mice, while a peripheral blood smear was performed to evaluate parasitemia levels and macrophage activation. A complete blood count was also performed after all tests on the mice were completed. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with a=0.05 and 95% confidence interval (CI). The results showed that the administration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract at 25%, 50%, and 75% concentrations caused varying degrees of parasitemia compared to the negative group (p

Bali is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Indonesia. As one of the islands in a tropical country, Bali has its own risk of disease transmission. The increasing number and pattern of international travelers can affect morbidity and mortality. Research on disease problems among international travelers in travel destination countries is rarely reported. This study examines health problems concerning foreign tourists visiting hospitals in Bali. This cross-sectional study used total sampling on all medical records of international travelers visiting an international hospital in Bali. A total of 999 medical records were analyzed in this study. The mean age of the patients was 35.55 years. Most patients were female (53.9%) and used travel insurance (55.3%). Most health problems are complaints in the gastrointestinal system (22.3%). The primary health problem is the gastrointestinal system. Most patients use insurance to finance their health.

Highlights: • HIV-infected children had lower capute scores than normal children. • HIV child age range 12-24 months almost suffer delayed speech, and were in suspect criteria was founded. Abstract: The cognitive, motor and language aspect of HIV-infected children is an important issue affecting their quality of life. The capute scale, divided into Cat and Clams scores, is commonly used to assess children's cognitive, motor, and language functions. This study assessed Cat and Clams’ scores of HIV-infected children. We performed Cat and Clams assessment on 136 children consisting of 68 HIV-infected children and 68 normal children as control aged 0-36 months. The Capute scale examined both groups at the first meeting (first month), and for the rest six months, we evaluated the progress of cognitive, motor, and language development. In the first meeting, we found that HIV-infected children had significantly low capute scores than the control group. The sixth-month Capute score in HIV-infected children was also significantly lower than the control group. HIV-infected children had lower Capute scores than normal children.

Soil transmitted helminthiasis still remains problem among tropic and subtropics developing countries worldwide. Contribute to more than a billion morbidities of people from children to adults. Children are the most affected population by this infection. This study aims to evaluate mass drug anthelminthic therapy of albendazole in school and preschool children. A cross sectional study recruited preschool and school-age children as subject of this research. During the period of May-July 2020, fecal samples were collected one month after albendazole treatment and examined by Kato kats technique. Total 130 samples were examined, and it was found that only 1 (0.007%) was positive for Trichuris trichiura. Accordingly, we can conclude that Albendazole is effective for treating Soil transmitted helminthiasis in preschool and school-age children.

The phenomena of increasing total IgE level in Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis and its protective role in resistance of infection remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between total IgE and the intensity of Soil transmitted helminthiasis among farmers in these area. Total 162 farmer, age ranged 25-80 years participated in this cross sectional analytic study. Kato-Katz method was used to diagnose Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis and to determined infection intensity based on egg per gram (EPG). Total IgE levels were measured by enzyme linked flourescent assay (ELFA). The results of this study showed that 13,56% farmer positive for Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis, with single infection of Ascaris lumbricoides were 1,85%, 9,26% for Trichuris trichiura, 0,61% for Hookworm and mixed infection that were 1,23% for A.lumbricoides+T.trichiura 0,61% for A.lumbricoides+Hookworm. The intensity of infection were in mild category. Total IgE level in Soil transmitted Helminthiasis group was significantly different compared with noninfected group (p

Lumbar spinal canal stenosis is a narrowing of the osteoligamentous vertebral canal and/or the intervertebral foramina causing compression of the thecal sac and/or the caudal nerve roots. The prevalence are five per 1000 person over 50 years old in USA. Male more than female, the most affect L4 -L5 and L3-L4. Low back pain is the most symptom. Routine diagnostic examination can be done plain x-ray lumbosacral, CT scan, and MRI. Management therapy can divide to two conservative and operative therapy. Complication of operative therapy is infection, vacular injury, cardiorespiratory disturbance due to embolization and death. The prognosis related with severity of symptom, degree of stenosis, surgical procedure and comorbid conditions.