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Mount Semeru, an active volcano in East Java, Indonesia, erupted on December 4, 2021, following extreme rainfall that caused an avalanche of hot pyroclastic flows and lava. The tropospheric conditions and dominant particle components in the atmosphere can be monitored using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology and remote sensing satellites. GNSS signal propagation delay in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing can be used to determine Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) and Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) variables so that atmospheric conditions can be generated. In addition, by using remote sensing satellite data, it is possible to obtain rainfall data with high temporal resolution as well as the dominant particle and gas content values during eruptions. During the eruption period, the high value of PWV was dominated by the high intensity of precipitation during the rainy season. High rainfall before the eruption caused activity inside the mountain to increase, which occurred in avalanche type eruption. Apart from that, the atmosphere around Semeru was also dominated by SO2 content, which spreaded for tens of kilometers. SO2 content began to be detected significantly by remote sensing sensors on December 7, 2021. In this study, deformation and atmospheric monitoring were also carried out using low-cost GNSS at the Semeru Monitoring Station on September 9–15, 2022. The results of the ZTD and ZWD values show the dominance of the wet component, which is directly proportional to rainfall activity in this period.

This study analyzes the differences and similarities in implementing ICT management systems in MAN Sekabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. This study used qualitative research methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that (1) The difference in planning in MAN 1 is more about problem identification, and MAN 2 is more about achieving goals. In comparison, MAN 3 is more about adjusting the needs of madrasahs, and implementation in MAN 1 prioritizes learning with laptops, projectors, and the internet. At the same time, MAN 2 has not been carried out optimally. At the same time, MAN 3 prioritizes the implementation of learning in mastering office materials, graphic design, and animation, and evaluation in MAN 1 is more about implementing supervision. MAN 2 is more about evaluating results. In comparison, MAN 3 is more about assessment. (2) The planning equation is carried out through teamwork, implementation by utilizing all types of IT based on the madrasah's needs, and evaluation is carried out as material for improvement. This study concludes that there are significant differences and similarities in implementing ICT systems, as assessed by planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Mangrove plants are potential raw materials for a variety of food and beverage items. Mangrove leaves can be processed into is mangrove herbal teas. Eight leaf samples of Acanthus ilicifolius (AI), Avicennia marina (AM), Rhizophora apiculata (RA), Nypa fruticans (NF), Rhizophora mucronata (RM), Sonneratia caseolaris (SC), Sonneratia alba (SA), and Xylocarpus granatum (XG) from Berau Regency, Kalimantan, Indonesia were investigated for phytochemical content (TPC and TFC), antioxidant activities (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP), and anticancer activities (HepG2 and CaCo2 cancer cell line) have been done. We compared mangrove herbal teas to commercial black tea (Camelia sinensis/CS) for all activities. The result showed that the TPC value of CS was the highest and for TFC was in XG. Moreover, the antioxidant activities on ABTS possessed similar values except for AM, which had the lowest activities; on DPPH, SC and AI showed the highest activities among others; while SC and XG had the highest activities on FRAP. SC showed the highest activities on both cancer cell lines from the anticancer activities. We conclude that mangrove herbal teas from SC leaves have the potential to be functional food with great activities as antioxidants and anticancer agents.

Lontar is a traditional Balinese manuscript with a Balinese script in it. Balinese traditional manuscripts can be more than 100 years old. The age factor of the Balinese manuscript has an impact on the Balinese script in it. Balinese script that has been written more than 10 years tends to be darker. This makes Balinese script not visible well, and this affects the image quality of the manuscript. This thing becomes the main issue in this research, Balinese script detection on Balinese manuscript images. the first of all is image processing using edge detection, canny and Sobel becomes the main algorithm of this process. After image processing, the Balinese manuscript will be processed with the findcontour method to detect an object that contains in it. The final process of this detection system is to separate detected objects into three main groups namely noise object, Balinese script object, and hole object. Application (Balinese script object detection system) is more accurate in detecting Balinese script objects in Balinese script under 1 year (new script), it tends to be more likely to find noise/dirt. This is because the writing of the lontar using a pencil first before using the knife media. This adds to the noise or dirt detected by the application The findcontour method can detect Balinese script objects with a detection result of 30% - 70% Balinese script objects.

I Ketut Agus Somia,1 Tuti Parwati Merati,1 I Made Bakta,2 Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba,3 Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa,4 I Dewa Made Sukrama,5 Ketut Suryana,6 Rudi Wisaksana71Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Udayana University-Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 2Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Udayana University–Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 3Chemistry Department, Faculty of Math and Science, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 4Department of Clinical Pathology, Udayana University–Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 5Department of Clinical Microbiology, Udayana University-Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 6Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Udayana University-Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 7Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaPurpose: This study aimed to determine whether high levels of serum IL-6 and serum hepcidin and CD46 months, had >95% adherence of cARV within 6 months, did not have any clinical failure, did not have any immunological failure and did not receive switch therapy within 6 months. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed.Results: A total of 42 cases and 42 controls were included in this study. Significant differences were found between case and control, which included serum IL-6, serum hepcidin, smoking, creatinine clearance, anemia at the initiation of cARV, CD4 at the initiation of cARV and actual CD4 (cell/μL). High levels of serum IL-6, high levels of serum hepcidin and CD4< 350 cells/μl were risk factors for ACD. After adjusted with anemia at cARV initiation and BMI, we found that high levels of serum IL-6 (adjusted OR: 17.682; 95% CI: 3.442–90.826), high levels of serum hepcidin (adjusted OR: 10.562; 95% CI: 2.531–44.076) and CD4

Swamp eel (Monopterus albus) processing produced byproducts such as heads that possess a high protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and energies content. Swamp eel heads were hydrolyzed (SEHPH) and tested for their antibacterial activity against histamine-producing bacteria (HPB) to explore the potency. The hydrolysis was conducted by a commercial papain enzyme PAYA (concentration 4%) with various hydrolysis times (0, 60, 120, and 180 minutes) at 60o C with pH 5. The results indicated that increasing hydrolysis time increased solubility and the degree of hydrolysis. The inhibitor concentration 50 test using microdilution of SEHPH inhibited 50% against three HPB named Citrobacter sp. (CK1), Klebsiella sp. (CK13), and Morganella morganii (TK7) at 20 mg/ml. The optimum antibacterial activity test by disk diffusion method was formed by each minute of hydrolysis with the best inhibition zone to Klebsiella sp. (CK13). The macrodillution method showed the highest inhibition was produced by 180 hydrolyses with 45% on CK1, 54% on CK13, and 48% on TK7. These results indicated that SEHPH has potency as an antibacterial agent to reduce histamine-producing bacteria.

This study aims to identify creative writing aspects and formulate a model for the development of creative writing competence. It was a qualitative study involving literature students from four universities in Surabaya. The data were collected through in-depth interviews. The findings show that only few students have writing experience. The learning model in the campus is one important aspect that can motivate students to write. An ideal model for the development of creative writing competence is one that integrates a variety of aspects that can develop creative writing. Some important aspects include (1) a creative writing course in literature learning as a compulsory course at universities, (2) theory and practice (practice being more dominant than theory) for literature students, (3) attempts to make lecturers good at writing theory and practice, (4) reading enrichment in quality literary works, and (5) use of creative processes from high quality authors as inspiring part of creative work writing.

Abstract: This paper explores the issues of public relations academics credentials on teaching public relations at undergraduate level. Generally, most Asian universities look to the United States education system as the ideal model in developing their own curricula, and frequently invite American professors as visiting fellows to help set up their programmes. In addition, Asian universities, including those in Malaysia and Indonesia still harbour the view that the US offers the best public relations education and practices, and therefore follow the US model regarding any matters related to curriculum, study materials, teaching modules, learning resources and the structure of exam papers. Whilst seeming efficient, as the US leads the fields of public relations, it appears to be done blindly without considering such variables as the encompassing political, economic, legal, media and cultural factors of the society adapting these curricula that should determine the roles and functions of public relations practitioners in any given country. This paper concludes that US still offers the best public relations education in comparison to any Asian universities due to lack of academic credentials.

The avian influenza virus is an infectious agent that may cause global health problems in poultry and is potentially zoonotic. In the recent decades, bacterial-derived sialidases have been extensively studied for their ability to inhibit avian influenza virus infections. In this study, the antiviral activity of NanB sialidase from Pasteurella multocida was investigated through in vitro analysis using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. NanB sialidase was purified from P. multocida to test its toxicity and its ability to hydrolyse its sialic acid receptors on MDCK cells. The H9N2 challenge virus was propagated in MDCK cells until cytopathic effects appeared. Antiviral activity of NanB sialidase was tested using MDCK cells, and then observed based on cell morphology, viral copy number, and expression of apoptosis-mediating genes. NanB sialidase effectively hydrolysed Neu5Acα(2,6)-Gal sialic acid at a dose of 129 mU/ml, while at 258 mU/ml, it caused toxicity to MDCK cells. Antiviral activity of sialidase was evident based on the significant decrease in viral copy number at all doses administered. The increase of p53 and caspase-3 expression was observed in infected cells without sialidase. Our study demonstrates the ability of NanB sialidase to inhibit H9N2 virus replication based on observations of sialic acid hydrolysis, reduction in viral copy number, and expression of apoptosis-related genes. The future application of sialidase may be considered as an antiviral strategy against avian influenza H9N2 virus infections. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSNanB sialidase effectively hydrolyses Neu5Acα(2,6)-Gal at a dose of 129 mU/ml.NanB sialidase from Pasteurella multocida can inhibit the entry of H9N2 virus into cells.NanB sialidase of Pasteurella multocida prevents infection-induced cell apoptosis.NanB sialidase reduces the H9N2 viral copy number in MDCK cells.

Background: Indonesia is one of the countries that is endemic to avian influenza virus subtype H9N2. This study aims to compare the molecular characteristics of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 from West Java., Methods: Specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs were used to inoculate samples. RNA extraction and RT-qPCR confirmed the presence of H9 and N2 genes in the samples. RT-PCR was employed to amplify the H9N2-positive sample. Nucleotide sequences were obtained through Sanger sequencing and analyzed using MEGA 7. Homology comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis, utilizing the neighbor-joining tree method, assessed the recent isolate's similarity to reference isolates from GenBank. Molecular docking analysis was performed on the HA1 protein of the recent isolate and the A/Layer/Indonesia/WestJava-04/2017 isolate, comparing their interactions with the sialic acids Neu5Ac2-3Gal and Neu5Ac2-6Gal., Results: RT-qPCR confirmed the isolate samples as AIV subtype H9N2. The recent virus exhibited 11 amino acid residue differences compared to the A/Layer/Indonesia/WestJava-04/2017 isolate. Phylogenetically, the recent virus remains within the h9.4.2.5 subclade. Notably, at antigenic site II, the recent isolate featured an amino acid N at position 183, unlike A/Layer/Indonesia/WestJava-04/2017. Molecular docking analysis revealed a preference of HA1 from the 2017 virus for Neu5Ac2-3Gal, while the 2023 virus displayed a tendency to predominantly bind with Neu5Ac2-6Gal., Conclusion: In summary, the recent isolate displayed multiple mutations and a strong affinity for Neu5Ac2-6Gal, commonly found in mammals., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2024 Putra MA et al.)

In Renewable Energy (RE) integrated DC Microgrid (MG), the intermittency of power variation from RE sources can lead to power and voltage imbalances in the DC network and have an impact on the MG's operation in terms of reliability, power quality, and stability. In such case, a battery energy storage (BES) technology is widely used for mitigating power variation from the RE sources to get better voltage regulation and power balance in DC network. In this study, a BES based coordinated power management control strategy (PMCS) is proposed for the MG system to get effective utilization of RE sources while maintaining the MG's reliability and stability. For safe and effective utilization of BES, a battery management system (BMS) with inclusion of advanced BES control strategy is implemented. The BES control system with optimized FOPI controllers using hybrid (atom search optimization and particle swarm optimization (ASO-PSO)) optimization technique is proposed to get improved overall performance in terms of control response and voltage regulation in DC network under the random change in load profile and uncertain conditions of RE sources in real time., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist, (Copyright: © 2023 Al sumarmad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare primary spontaneous pneumothorax associated with the menstrual phase and is the most common manifestation of thoracic endometriosis syndrome. We report a case of a 32-year-old woman with a history of endometriosis who presented to the emergency ward with a chief complaint of dyspnea and right-sided chest pain, and a chest X-ray showed a right pneumothorax. Initial management was by placing a chest tube to expand the right lung. The patient underwent a video-assisted thoracoscopy and talc pleurodesis, during which we found multiple perforations in the tendinous part of the diaphragm. A partial resection of the tendinous part of the diaphragm was done. Our review indicated that primary spontaneous pneumothorax in women should be suspected as catamenial pneumothorax due to thoracic endometriosis. The gold standard procedure for diagnosis and treatment is surgery. Hormonal therapy is an effective choice to prevent and reduce post-operative recurrence., Competing Interests: None declared., (© 2023 The Authors. Respirology Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of The Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.)

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has caused worldwide pandemic of COVID-19. Infection is difficult to diagnose early as some patients remain asymptomatic and may carry this virus to other people. Currently, qRT-PCR is the widely accepted mode for detection. However, the need for sophisticated instrument and trained personnel may hinder its application, especially in remote and facility-lacking areas. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) may serve as a potential approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2 as the resources needed in its application is far less complex than those of qRT-PCR. Herein, we evaluated RT-LAMP based analytical method (COVIDNow), relative to qRT-PCR, in detecting SARS-CoV-2 by using 63 clinical respiratory samples. Based on our finding, COVIDNow exhibited sensitivity and specificity values of 87.5% and 80.6%, respectively. Taken together, RT-LAMP based detection of SARS-CoV-2 by utilizing COVIDNow might serves as a valuable diagnostic tool in the management of global COVID-19 pandemic condition., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Background: Aging is a multifactorial degenerative process that can be modulated by fasting through activation of the Fork-head transcription factor of the O class 3 ( FOXO3 ), which plays an important role in increasing lifespans. However, the effects of different fasting durations on the expression of FOXO3 in the liver has not yet been reported., Objective: This study analyzed the effects of different fasting durations on the FOXO3 expression and its pathway by measuring sirtuin1 ( SIRT1 ), insulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1 ), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver., Methods: New Zealand white rabbits were used to mimic the effects of fasting on humans. The rabbits were divided into the control, intermittent fasting (IF), and prolonged fasting (PF) groups. Both fasting groups were interspersed with the non-fasting phase for 8 h. This treatment was conducted for 6 days. On Day 7, all the rabbits were sacrificed, and their livers were taken to measure the FOXO3 and SIRT1 mRNA expressions , the IGF-1 protein level, and the SOD activity level. ANOVA, multiple comparison, and Pearson's correlation were performed for statistical analysis., Results: The FOXO3 and SIRT1 mRNA expressions were significantly higher in the IF group than in the control group. The FOXO3 expression was also 2.5 times higher in the IF group than in the PF group. There was a positive correlation between the FOXO3 and SIRT1 mRNA expressions. The IGF-1 protein level was significantly lower in the IF and PF groups than in the control group. The SOD-specific activity level was significantly higher in the IF group than in the control and PF groups., Conclusions: Intermittent fasting significantly increased the FOXO3 and SIRT1 mRNA expressions and the SOD activity level in the livers of the rabbits and significantly decreased the circulating and hepatic IGF-1. Therefore, intermittent fasting may give a protective intervention effect towards aging., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Authors.)

This study investigated the optimum transport condition for heart tissue to recover single-cell cardiomyocytes for future in-vitro or in-vivo studies. The heart tissues were obtained from removing excessive myocardium discharged during the repair surgery of an excessive right atrial hypertrophy due to a congenital disease. The transportation temperature studied was the most used temperature (4 °C) or the conventional condition, compared to a physiological temperature(37 °C). The heart tissues were transported from the operating theatre to the lab maintained less than 30 min consistently. Single-cell isolation was enzymatically and mechanically performed using collagenase-V (160 U/mg) and proteinase-XXIV (7-14 U/mg) following the previously described protocol. The impact of temperature differences was observed by the density of cells harvested per mg tissue, cell viability, and the senescence signals, identified by the p21, p53 and caspase-9 mRNA expressions. Results the heart tissue transported at 37 °C yielded significantly higher viable cell density (p < 0.01) yielded viable cells significantly higher density (p < 0.01) than the 4 °C; 2,335 ± 849 cells per mg tissue, and 732 ± 425 cells per mg tissue, respectively. The percentage of viable cells in both groups showed no difference. Although the 37 °C group expressed the apoptosis genes such as p21, p53 and caspase9 by 2.5-, 5.41-, 5-fold respectively (p > 0.05). Nonetheless, the Nk×2.5 and MHC genes were expressed 1,7- and 3.56-fold higher than the 4 °C. and the c-Kit+ expression was 17.56-fold, however, statistically insignificant. Conclusion When needed for single-cell isolation, a heart tissue transported at 37 °C yielded higher cell density per mg tissue compared to at 4 °C, while other indicators of gene expressions for apoptosis, cardiac structural proteins, cardiac progenitor cells showed no difference. Further investigations of the isolated cells at different temperature conditions towards their proliferation and differentiation capacities in a 3-D scaffold would be essential., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Introduction: Primary chylopericardium is an extremely rare disease with no previous reported case in Indonesia. It may be caused by an abnormality of lymphatic drainage in the thoracic region., Case Presentation: We report the case of a 19-year-old female who presented with a chief complaint of shortness of breath and fluid accumulation in her pericardial sac. Screening for autoimmune disease, tuberculosis, and malignancy all came back negative. Lymphoscintigraphy showed suspected leakage or obstruction of lymph at the supradiaphragmatic level. The patient was diagnosed with primary chylopericardium. In a span of 1 year, she had undergone 3 pericardiocentesis procedures and declined surgical treatment. On her fourth pericardiocentesis, the cardiologists were unable to remove fluid from the pericardial sac. Thoracic duct ligation and pericardial window were eventually performed and a total of 850 ml of chylous fluid was removed. At 6 months postoperation patient showed no signs and symptoms of pericardial effusion and was in good condition., Discussion: Constrictive pericarditis can occur as a complication of chronic inflammation in the pericardium due to the presence of chylopericardium and a history of multiple pericardiocenteses. However, there are no reports regarding the exact duration of chylopericardium that will lead to constrictive pericarditis. Difficulty in pericardiocentesis might be an early sign of scarring in the pericardium., Conclusion: Delayed surgical treatment of chylopericardium increases the risk of constrictive pericarditis and significantly reduces the patient's quality of life due to recurrent symptoms and hospitalizations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare there is no conflict of interest with the content of this case report., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Cardiovascular disease is the second highest cause of death across the globe. Myocardial infarction is one of the heart diseases that cause permanent impairment of the heart wall leads to heart failure. Cellular therapy might give hope to regenerate the damaged myocardium. Single cells isolated from an excess heart tissue obtained from the correction of the right ventricular hypertrophy in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot for future heart study were investigated., Methods: Once resected, the heart tissues were transported at 37 °C, in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium/ DMEM (4.5 g.L -1 , antibiotic-antimycotic 3x, PRP10% (v/v)), to reach the lab within 30 min, weighted and grouped into less than 500 mg and more than 1000 mg (n = 4). Each sample was digested with 250 U.mL -1 Collagenase type V and 4U.mL -1 Proteinase XXIV in the MACS™ C-tube (Milltenyi, Germany), then dissociated using the MACS™ Octo Dissociator with Heater (Milltenyi, Germany) for 60 min at 37 °C., Results: All cells isolated were rod-shaped cells; viability was up to 90%. The cell density obtained from the 500 mg group were 4,867 ± 899 cells.mg -1 tissue weight, significantly higher compared to the 1,000 mg group; had 557 ± 490 cells.mg -1 tissue weight (mean of (n = 3) ± 95% C.l). The isolated cells were analyzed using FACs BD Flowcytometer, expressed cTnT + 13.38%, PECAM-1 + /VCAM-1- 32.25%, cKit + 7.85%, ICAM + 85.53%, indicating the cardiomyocyte progenitor cells., Conclusion: Cardiomyocytes taken from the wasted heart tissue might be a candidate of cardiomyocytes source to study interventions to the heart as it contained up to 13.38% cardiomyocytes, and 32.25% of cardiac progenitor cells. Moreover, perhaps when cardiac cell therapy needs autologous cardiomyocytes, less than 500 mg tissue weight can be considered as sufficient., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Primary cardiac tumors (PCTs) are extremely rare entities. More than half of PCTs are benign, with myxoma being the most common tumor. Generally, simple tumor resection is the treatment of choice for benign PCTs since it has promising results that yield low complication and recurrence rates. However, in the COVID-19 pandemic era, the mitigation protocols and/or concurrent COVID-19 infection should be taken into account in patient management for the best overall outcome. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient with a left atrial myxoma and systemic embolism complication in the form of an ischemic stroke, with a concurrent confirmed COVID-19 delta variant infection., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2022 Nasution SA et al.)

When the outbreak of the COVID-19 delta variant occurred in June 2021, there was a marked increase in Indonesia's number of self-isolated patients. The Universitas Indonesia Hospital provided a One-Stop Service (OSS) to monitor COVID-19 patients on self-isolation. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the self-isolation monitoring performed by hospitals and the factors that determined the outcomes of patients on self-isolation. This study was conducted using a cross-sectional method based on secondary data from electronic medical records. Data analysis was performed by determining the relationship of patient risk factors and characteristics with COVID-19 outcomes. The study found that poorer symptoms, administration of antibiotics, absence of shortness of breath, and normal ALT levels significantly improved the outcome of OSS patients. The study also suggested that during monitoring of patients on COVID-19 self-isolation, chest/thorax radiography is necessary. The self-isolation monitoring program is essential to observe the patient's condition and evaluate the possibility of deteriorating conditions that could lead to admission decisions in the early or middle stages of the program. This will be beneficial during pandemic emergencies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest and are alone responsible for the article's content and writing., (Copyright © 2022 Rakhmad Hidayat et al.)

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the second killer across the globe, while coronary disease is the major cause. Cell therapy is one alternative to regenerate the infarcted heart wall., Materials and Methods: In this study, the cardiomyogenesis capacity of human adipose stem cells (hAdSC) and human cardiomyocytes (hCardio) cultured in a 3-D biological scaffold (decellularised amnion bilayer) for nine days in a static condition was investigated. The cardiomyogenesis capacity of hAdSC were identified using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The population of the cells isolated from the heart tissue expressed cTnT-1 (13.38 ± 11.38%), cKit (7.85 ± 4.2%), ICAM (85.53 ± 8.69%), PECAM (61.63 ± 7.18%) and VCAM (35.9 ± 9.11%), while from the fat tissue expressed the mesenchymal phenotypes (CD73, CD90, CD105, but not CD45, CD34, CD11b, CD19 and HLA-DR). Two age groups of hAdSC donors were compared, the youngsters (30-40yo) and the elderly (60-70 yo)., Results: The co-culture showed that after 5-day incubation, the seeded graft in the hAdSC-30 group had a tube-like appearance while the hAdSC-60 group demonstrated a disorganised pattern, despite of the MSC expressions of the hAdSC-60 were significantly higher. Initial co-culture showed no difference of ATP counts among all groups, however the hAdSC-30 group had the highest ATP count after 9 days culture (p = 0.004). After normalising to the normal myocardium, only the hAdSC-60 group expressed cTnT and MHC, very low, seen during the initial cultivation, but then disappeared. Meanwhile, the hAdSC-30 group expressed α-actinin, MHC and cTnT in the Day-5. The PPAR also was higher in the Day-5 compared to the Day-9 (p < 0.005)., Conclusion: Cardiomyogenesis capacity of hAdSC co-cultured with hCardio in a 3-D scaffold taken from the 30-40yo donor showed better morphology and viability than the 60-70yo group, but maintained less than 5 days in this system., (© 2021. Biomedical Engineering Society.)

Background: Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a rare condition that accounts for just 1% of all congenital heart disease. Diagnosis of ccTGA often is missed in adulthood, despite imaging and cardiology consultation., Case Report: We present the case of an intraoperatively diagnosed ccTGA with severe tricuspid valve regurgitation and secundum atrial septal defect in a 54-year-old woman, who preoperatively was diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation in atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial concordance heart. Intraoperatively, options considered were anatomical repair with atrial-arterial double switch operation after retraining the left ventricle or a conventional repair that focused on the associated defects without addressing the discordant connections. Considering our patient's age and condition, we decided to carry on with the conventional repair to prevent further systemic right ventricle dysfunction that may lead to poor outcome and decreased survival. She was discharged one week after surgery and resumed her normal activity at 3-month follow up., Conclusion: Although it rarely happens, CHD such as ccTGA in an adult must always be considered. Careful examination is essential. The treatment of ccTGA in an adult is challenging, with more limited options compared with pediatric patients. However, early management could still provide favorable outcomes.

This study aims to explore the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF), obtained from unbleached fiber of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), as raw materials in fabricating aerogel, using the facile technique without solvent displacement. The CNC was isolated from sulfuric acid hydrolysis, and the CNF was fibrillated using Ultra Turrax. The CNC and CNF were mixed by ultrasonication in different ratios to produce aerogel using slow freezing (-20 °C), followed by freeze-drying. The obtained aerogel was characterized as ultralightweight and highly porous material, at the density range of 0.0227 to 0.0364 g/cm 3 and porosity of 98.027 to 98.667%. Interestingly, the ratio of CNC and CNF significantly affected the characteristics of the obtained aerogel. The mixed aerogel exhibited a higher specific surface area than pure CNC or CNF, with the highest value of 202.72 m 2 /g for the ratio of 1:3 (CNC/CNF). In addition, the crystallinity degree of obtained aerogel showed a higher value in the range of 76.49 to 69.02%, with the highest value being obtained for higher CNC content. This study is expected to provide insight into nanocellulose-based aerogel, with a promising potential for various applications.

Background: Chronic tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common final pathway leading to end stage kidney disease in cats and has no effective treatment. The use of cell-based molecules to treat kidney fibrosis may be a promising approach. The objectives were to test the effects of intra-renal chemokine CXCL12 injection in a pre-clinical cat model of unilateral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced kidney fibrosis and then, within a clinical pilot study, test the safety/feasibility of CXCL12 injection in cats that might have early chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Pre-clinical : Thirty cats received intra-renal injection of 100, 200, or 400 ng of recombinant human CXCL12, or sterile saline, into the I/R kidney 70 days post-injury, or were non-injured, non-injected controls ( n = 6/group). Kidney collagen content was quantified 4 months post-treatment using Masson's Trichrome and Picrosirius Red (PSR) stained tissues. In a separate study ( n = 2) exploring short-term effects of CXCL12, 200 ng CXCL12 was injected into I/R kidneys and then harvested either 30 min ( n = 1) or 1 month ( n = 1) post-injection. Kidney concentrations of CXCL12, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), and lysyl oxidase-like enzyme 2 (LOXL-2) were quantified via ELISA. Clinical Pilot : 14 client-owned cats with potential early kidney disease received a single-treatment, bilateral intra-renal injection of 200 ng CXCL12 ( n = 7), or received no injection ( n = 7). Blood/urine samples were collected monthly for 9 months to assess renal function and CKD staging. Results: Pre-clinical : I/R increased the affected kidney collagen content, which both mid and high doses of CXCL12 restored to normal ( ps < 0.05 vs. untreated). I/R increased collagen fiber width, which both mid and high doses of CXCL12 restored to normal ( p < 0.001 vs. untreated). Early changes in kidney MMP-1, associated with collagen breakdown, and subsequent decreases in LOXL-2, associated with collagen cross-linking, in response to CXCL12 treatment may contribute to these findings. Clinical Pilot : Bilateral intra-renal injection of CXCL12 using ultrasound guidance in cats with CKD was feasible and safe in a general practice clinical setting with no obvious side effects noted during the 9-month follow-up period. Conclusions: Intra-renal injection of CXCL12 may prove to be an effective treatment for kidney fibrosis in cats with CKD. Additional mechanistic and clinical evaluations are needed., Competing Interests: JW is an inventor on patent rights related to this work owned by Wake Forest University Health Sciences. The patents, whose value may be affected by publication, have the potential to generate royalty income in which the inventors would share. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Bennington, Lankford, Magalhaes, Shankle, Fanning, Kartini, Suparto, Kusumawardhani, Putra, Mariya, Badlani and Williams.)

Background: Although myxoma is the most common form of benign cardiac tumor, which is a rare condition itself, less than 3-4% of cases are detected in the right ventricle (RV). The clinical presentations vary widely and are nonspecific, causing challenging diagnosis. Although rare, myxoma can coexist with infective endocarditis (IE)., Case Report: We report a rare case of right ventricular myxoma presenting with dyspnea and fever, which was later found to be complicated with concomitant tricuspid valve endocarditis during surgery as well as the performed surgical approach., Conclusion: RV myxoma is a rare entity requiring a high index of suspicion due to varying nonspecific presentations. Concomitant IE should be suspected in patients with persistent fever. Antibiotics and careful surgical approach are needed to prevent complications, including embolization.

Cement is a vital material used in the construction of concrete buildings. World annual cement demand is increasing rapidly along with the improvement in infrastructure development. However, cement manufacturing industries are facing challenges in reducing the environmental impacts of cement production. To resolve this issue, a suitable methodology is crucial to ensure the selected processes are effective and efficient and at the same time environmentally friendly. Different technologies and equipment have potential to produce variations in operational effectiveness, environmental impacts, and manufacturing costs in cement manufacturing industries. Therefore, this work aims to present the sustainability assessment of cement plants by taking into consideration of environmental, social, and economic impacts. Three cement production plants located in Western Indonesian are used as case studies where social impact and environmental impact are evaluated via life cycle assessment (LCA) model. This model is integrated with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multi-criteria decision analysis tool in selecting the most sustainable cement manufacturing plant.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) confers many advantages, including a better quality of life for children with end-stage renal disease; however, the procedure is associated with several complications, including pleuroperitoneal leaks. Here, we report an unusual case of hydrothorax caused by long-term PD in a child, which was further complicated by pneumonia. A 9-year-old boy who had received CAPD for 22 months presented with dyspnea, swelling, and increased body weight. Chest tube drainage yielded 500 mL of transudative fluid. Computed tomography peritoneography revealed increased outflow from the peritoneum to the pleural cavity. PD was suspended, and hemodialysis (HD) was initiated. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed; however, because the patient had pneumonia during hospitalization, pleural adhesions with a septated appearance occurred. This resulted in difficulties identifying pleuroperitoneal fistula (PPF). Right pleural effusion resolved following pleurodesis using bleomycin. Regular HD was performed for 10 weeks, and PD was subsequently reinitiated. There was no recurrence of hydrothorax during long-term follow-up. We suspect that the underlying mechanism of hydrothorax in our patient was associated with a PPF that formed either due to a congenital diaphragmatic defect or an acquired defect, resulting in dialysate leakage. Our case demonstrates that a temporary switch from PD to HD, accompanied by pleurodesis, may help resolve hydrothorax that occurs as a complication of long-term PD., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2020 by S. Karger AG, Basel.)