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The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The main objective of the article is to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the value of bank deposits of monetary financial institutions (MFIs) in the V4 countries, i.e. the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary. The specific objective of this study is to investigate the situation in the market of bank deposits in the Visegrad Group countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. In relation to the adopted goals, the hypothesis was formulated that the Covid-19 pandemic determines the amount of money invested by households from bank deposits in the V4 group, but the determinants of this saving and the direction and strength of their impact are varied.Methodology: The achievement of the set objectives was based on theoretical studies and empirical research. In the theoretical studies a critical analysis of source literature was applied. Empirical research involved time series analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results of the research: The results of the study allowed for positive verification of the hypothesis, and the study objectives were achieved. It has been shown that changes in the number of Covid-19 cases, as well as changes in the number of deaths and the number of vaccinations performed for Covid-19 in individual V4 countries translate into the propensity or aversion to deposit money in bank financial institutions. This is confirmed primarily by regression analysis, but also by time series analysis.

The aim of the study is to identify and evaluate the changes, which have taken place in the period of 2000–2011 on the short-term corporate debt securities market, and therefore in this segment of the money market, which mainly contributes to more effective companies’ fundraising and efficient financial capital allocation, supporting the economic growth. The study indicates that short-term commercial securities market, despite implemented institutional initiatives, remains still weakly integrated part of the money market in euro area. The global financial crisis has caused significant differentiation of credit risk on this market, which was reflected in the declining of capitalization of this segment of the money market. The reasons for the low integration in the Eurozone are not directly related to the global financial crisis. They require further overcoming the integration barriers on the institutional and legal plane, differentiating national, short-term corporate debt markets.

The purpose of the article. The article aims to evaluation which factors are a barrier to financial inclusion in the Next 11 countries. The research aim of this article is to assess the differences in the degree of financial inclusion of business entities from the Next 11 group of countries by taking into consideration the use of basic banking services such as bank accounts, credit lines and loans.The hypothesis of the article. The authors put forward the hypothesis that in poorly developed countries, to which the Next 11 countries belong, there are considerable areas of financial exclusion among businesses, in particular among small and medium-sized enterprises. In most of these countries, corporate financial inclusion rates are below the global average.Methodology. The article applies the following research methods: a critical analysis of the literature in the theoretical part; and desk research analysis (that is analysis of data gathered) in the empirical part. Research into the degree of financial inclusion in Next 11 countries was conducted on the basis of indicators of the use of banking services by enterprises operating in Next 11 countries.Results of the research. The level of companies’ financial inclusion depends above all on the degree to which they make use of bank accounts and bank loans. Countries in different geographical locations vary in terms of economic and technological development and social awareness, which impacts on their participation in the use of banking services.Analysis of the basic indicators of banking services availability showed that there is a widespread problem of financial exclusion for companies in Next 11 countries. The proportion of companies possessing a current bank account was below the average of all countries worldwide. However, the worst situation exists in the field of financing business activity using foreign capital. Credit lines there are used on average by less than 25% of companies. However, Next 11 group countries do not see the lack of available credit lines as the main barrier to development. Włączenie finansowe (integracja finansowa) stanowi istotny problem gospodarczy i jednocześnie wyzwanie dla współczesnych społeczeństw. Oznacza dostępność usług finansowych zarówno dla osób fizycznych, jak i przedsiębiorstw. O poziomie włączenia finansowego przedsiębiorstw decyduje przede wszystkim stopień wykorzystania przez nie rachunków i kredytów bankowych. Kraje w różnych obszarach geograficznych prezentują zróżnicowany poziom rozwoju ekonomicznego, technologicznego i świadomości społecznej, co determinuje różny udział w wykorzystaniu usług bankowych.Problemem badawczym niniejszego artykułu jest ocena różnic w poziomie włączenia finansowego podmiotów gospodarczych w państwach Grupy Next 11 z uwzględnieniem korzystania z podstawowych usług bankowych, takich jak rachunki bankowe oraz kredyty i pożyczki. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie czynników, które stanowią barierę włączenia finansowego w krajach Next 11. Badanie stopnia włączenia finansowego krajów Next 11 przeprowadzono na podstawie kształtowania się wskaźników wykorzystania usług bankowych w działalności przedsiębiorstw krajów Next 11.Analiza podstawowych wskaźników dostępności usług bankowych, wskazuje, że w krajach Next 11 powszechnie występuje problem wykluczenia finansowego przedsiębiorstw. Udział przedsiębiorstw posiadających rachunek bieżący plasuje się poniżej średniej dla wszystkich krajów świata. Najgorsza jednak sytuacja występuje w obszarze finansowania działalności kapitałem obcym. Kredyty wykorzystane są tam średnio przez mniej niż 25% przedsiębiorstw. Kraje Grupy Next 11 nie postrzegają jednak brak możliwości pozyskania kredytu jako głównej bariery rozwoju.