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The boxelder maple (Acer negundo, Sapindaceae) is one of the most common tree species of the genus Acer natively growing in North America. In the 17th century, A. negundo was introduced to Europe as an ornamental plant, and from this time, it started an uncontrolled expansion into new territories, threatening local ecosystems. Fungal development on invasive alien species' seeds and pedicels was observed in 2017 and 2021 in the municipality of Wrocław (Poland), outside of the native occurrence of the host. Morphological analyses combined with multilocus phylogenetic analyses (internal transcribed spacer [ITS], gapdh, act, tub2, chs‐1 and his3 sequences) showed that isolates belonged to a new species of Colletotrichum, from the rare C. agaves species complex. The name Colletotrichum acericola is proposed for this fungus. Based on comparisons with sequences from NCBI GenBank originating from prairie plants in the United States, it is likely that C. acericola is native to North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oaks are important forest-forming species in Poland. It is an important species from an economic perspective in Polish forestry. Oak is characterized by high tolerance in terms of soil requirements, which include soil formations from sandy to clayey with a reaction from acidic to indifferent, sometimes even alkaline in pedunculate oak. It is sensitive to late frosts. In recent years, climate change has been observed in Europe and also in Poland. Abiotic stresses caused by unfavorable weather conditions have worsened the health of oak trees, on which other pathogens, primarily fungi, have become established. tte research was carried out at two sites in the Olawa Forest District in Bystrzyca in 2022. ttey consisted in collecting 10 representative shoots from each research area, which were then used to isolate fungal species in the laboratory. tte results of the experiment confirm that co-occurring species can be observed with the presence of powdery mildew. Oak shoots are colonized by both pathogenic and saprotrophic fungal species. tte high occurrence of pathogenic fungi species along with powdery mildew on oak shoots can be associated with the deterioration of the phytosarcoma condition of oaks, however, in order to be able to state this unequivocally, research on this phenomenon should be focused on in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 20-year study of a pine stand on post-agricultural land showed that woody debris in the form of organic matter can be successfully used to restore symbiotic mycorrhizal communities, as is the case with forest soils. Woody substrates restored organic matter in soils altered by long agricultural use and had a positive effect on the composition of mycobiota antagonistic to pathogens, especially to Heterobasidion annosum, the causal agent of the dangerous disease root and stump rot of many forest tree species, including stands of Pinus sylvestris (L.). In a study that started in 2001 in the forest district of Czarne Człuchowskie (northern Poland), the following organic materials were used: wood residues (W), sawdust (S), bark compost (B), and compost applied to the root zone during planting (G). The organic materials were spread in the form of mulch over the entire area during planting. After twenty years, it was found that the substrates used provided suitable growth conditions for mycobiome useful for pines. The addition of organic matter did not change the alpha biodiversity of the soil, but in the long term led to significant changes in the composition of mycobiota (beta biodiversity). The changes in the soil after the addition of organic material naturally accelerated the formation of the forest habitat. A number of fungi evolved that degraded added lignin and cellulose while being antagonists of H. annosum and other pine pathogens. In particular, the well-known hyperpathogens of the genus Trichoderma played an important role by promoting resistance of the soil environment to pathogens. Soil enrichment by bark compost and wood residues increased the relative abundance of Trichoderma more than fourfold.Mycorrhizal fungi became dominant in soil enriched with organic matter. After enriching the soil with bark compost, the relative abundance of Amphinema and Inocybe increased to 5%. The relative abundance of Russula in soil enriched with wood residues and sawdust increased to 9% and 5%, respectively. Mycorrhizal fungi, e.g., of the genus Ąmanita, Rusula, which formed root mycorrhizae, not only increased the root receiving area many times over, but also protected the roots (mechanically and chemically from pathogens). Altogether, the observed positive changes increase the chances that the first generation of pines will survive on the ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ACTA Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria is the property of Poznan University of Life Sciences Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ACTA Scientiarum Polonorum Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria is the property of Poznan University of Life Sciences Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)