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Using contact lenses without proper care and sterilization measures can lead to eye infection like keratitis and other eye diseases. About 25-30% of cases with corneal ulcers are related to contacts lens use. Microbial agents after their entry, they further invade into corneal layers by their virulence factors and enzymatics secreted by the bacteria. Wearing contact lenses also increase stress on cornea so the cornea has less ability to defend against the bacteria which is invading. Some of the bacteria are also capable of biofilm formation. Biofilms formed on contact lens surfaces has increased resistance to common steriliants used in contact lens care solution. The main aim of this study is to identify the pathogens that can be grown on the contact lenses and contact lens cases, to identify the production of biofilm by the isolates obtained during this study and to bring awareness about proper sterilization of contact lenses and lens cases during their usage to prevent unnecessary eye infections. This cross sectional study was carried from October 2019 to June 2021 on MBBS and BDS students in Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, who are using contact lenses and who are asymptomatic. Written consent from all students participating in this study was taken. The samples are collected using sterile swabs. Swabs from both the lens and lens cases are taken and immediately cultured and related biochemical tests are done to identify the organism. For the study of biofilm formation, the bacterial isolates obtained from the specimen are inoculated on to commercially available Congo red agar (CRA). The data was processed and arranged into distribution tables and cross tables using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Total 200 samples were collected and processed for bacterial culture. Among them 145(72.5%) samples showed positive bacterial culures. The most common organisms obtained are which were 30 (20.6%), next common organism isolated were micrococci 24(16.5%), though ASB’s and micrococci are non pathogenic, these were included because the lens and lens cases are preferably to be sterile. The other organisms isolated are 21 (14.4%), 18 (12.4%), 16 (11.04%), 12 (8.2%), 10 (6.9%), 8 (5.5%) and 6 (4.2%). The isolated bacteria are then again streaked on Congo Red Agar to check for the ability of the bacterial isolates to form biofilms. Among 145 bacterial isolates obtained in this study 98 (67.5%) samples showed positive biofilm formation. The micro organisms can lodge in most of the contact lenses and contact lens cases… which in turn enter into eye due to improper sterilization of lens and lens cases. And most of the bacterial isolates obtained from these contact lenses and contact lens cases are capable of production of biofilm. To avoid infections caused by contact lens users the care of both the contact lenses and lens cases is very important.

Background: Microbial keratitis is suppurative infection of cornea considered as emergency and potential threat to vision. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of microbial keratitis is required to prevent complication and blindness. So present study has been designed to determine bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern of culture positive bacterial keratitis, risk factor associated it and treatment outcome.Material and Method: After enrolment of patients a detailed relevant history of patients regarding to mode of injury and predisposing factor were recorded and detailed clinical examination was done. Visual acuity of all patients was tested. Slit lamp biomicroscopy was performed and Corneal ulcer was examined properly. Under local anaesthesia with 4% lignocaine corneal scrap was taken from edge and base of ulcer. Sample was sent for gram stain, 10% KOH wet mount preparation, blood agar and Sabouraud's dextrose agar.Result: In present study out of 600 specimen 460(76.66%) patients were culture positive out of them 47.33% were fungal and remaining were bacterial(29.33%). Regarding bacteriological profile of culture positive corneal ulcer, we have observed that gram positive bacteria were common than gram negative. Among all staphylococcus aureus was common organism 54(30.68%).Discussion and Conclusion: From present study we can conclude that bacterial corneal ulcer is less common than funga ulcer. Regarding bacteriological profile of culture positive corneal ulcer, we have observed that gram positive bacteria were common than gram negative. Among all staphylococcus aureus was common organism followed by pseudomonas. Regarding sensitivity of common organism isolated staphylococcus was 100% sensitive to vancomycin and azithromycin, sensitivity to fluoroquinolones were from 60 % to 80 %. More than 80% pseudomonas was sensitive to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. 77.27% patients were recovered at final follow up.

BACKGROUND Most of the liver diseases worldwide is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections which manifest both as acute and chronic illnesses. HBV and HCV together cause chronic infection in more than 500 million people and deaths in one million. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study was done to evaluate the proportion of HBV, HCV and HBV-HCV coinfections. METHODS Study was done from November to January 2020 and blood samples were collected from patients attending the inpatient and outpatient departments in KIM’s hospital, Amalapuram. A total of 1850 blood samples were taken from patients before undergoing any invasive or surgical procedure for testing anti-HCV antibodies and Hepatitis B surface antigen. Tests were done by using Hepacard rapid immunochromatographic test for HBsAg and HCV Tridot ELISA for HCV antibodies. RESULTS Proportion of HBV and HCV was found to be 2.0 % and 3.1 % respectively with higher rates in males. HBV is found in majority of patients in 20 - 30 years age group; whereas, HCV was more commonly seen in 61 - 70 years age group. Coinfection with HBV and HCV was seen in 0.10 % of the individuals visiting the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Screening of high-risk individuals is compulsory because of comparatively higher rate of HBV and HCV infections among the hospital-based population. Most important preventive measure to control HBV and HCV infection is to bring awareness among people by health education of safe sexual practices and improved safety of blood and its products.

This research note is prompted by a paper by Kashyap (Is prenatal sex selection associated with lower female child mortality? Population Studies 73(1): 57-78). Kashyap's paper, which provides 40 original estimates of missing female births, relies on an alternative definition of missing female births, leading to estimates of about half the magnitude of other estimates. There appears, therefore, a real need to take stock of the concept of missing female births widely used by statisticians around the world for assessing the demographic consequences of prenatal sex selection. This research note starts with a brief review of the history of the concept and the difference between Amartya Sen's original method and the alternative method found elsewhere to compute missing female births. We then put forward three different arguments (deterministic and probabilistic approaches, and consistency analysis) in support of the original computation procedure based on the number of observed male births and the expected sex ratio at birth.

Additional file 2: Appendix 2. ACEs by recruitment centres in cVEDA.

Additional file 3: Appendix 3. Breakdown of hazardous use of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis by cVEDA site.

Additional file 5: Appendix 5. 102 adolescents had one form of substance misuse at least. We used pvenn in STATA to present the overlap of substances.

Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Breakdown of hazardous use of substances by age band in cVEDA.

Additional file 4: Appendix 4. Unadjusted and adjusted effect sizes and heterogeneity measures for ACE levels and tobacco, alcohol, cannabis outcomes in adolescents and young adults.

In India most of the population is depending on agriculture and Farmer is the backbone of the Indian economy. The system consists of smartphone applications. The System can be used by farmers on the android application on mobile devices. The paper proposes the utilization of information mining to give suggestions to ranchers to crops, crop data, and distinguishing proof of suitable manure. The smart-phone is used very commonly by everyone who is educated or non-educated. This application can provide different languages, which is Hindi and English this language commonly used and easy to use on the system., {"references":["D. Magheshkumar, M. Pavithra \"Forming Assistant Web Service\" www.ijraset.com,IC Value: 45.98, Volume 5 IssueIV, ISSN: 2321-9653, April 2017","Prof.Aradhana D, Shiva Prasad K S, Shrivaishnavi J K, 3.\tP. Sowmya, Tina Agarwal \"AGRICULTURE BASEDANDROID APPLICATION\" www.ijraset.com, ISSN: 2349-3224, Volume 3 Issue 2 may 2016","Minwoo Ryu, Jaeseok Yun, Ting Miao, Il-Yeup Ahn, Sung-Chan Choi, Jaeho Kim \"Design and Implementation of a Connected Farm for Smart Farming System\" DOI:10.1109/ICSENS.2015.7370624 November 2015","Santosh G.Karkhile, Sudarshan G.Ghuge \"A Modern Farming Techniques using Android Application\" International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 4, Issue 10, October 2015","Kiran Shinde, Jerrin Andrei, Amey Oke \"Web Based Recommendation System for Farmers\" IJRITCC, Available@ http://www.ijritcc.org, March 2015","Vimal B.Patel, Rahul G.Thakkar, Dr. Sangeeta Ahuja \"Agricultural Android Application\" International Journal of Computer Science And Technology, IJCST Vol. 5, Issue 2, April – June 2014","Vimal B.patel, Rahul G. Thakkar, Bankim L.Radadiya \"An Android Application for Farmers to Disseminate Horticulture Information\" International Journal of Computer Application (0975 - 8887) Volume 88 – No.4, February 2014","Yukikazu Murakami, Slamet Kristanto Tirto Utomo, Keita Hosono, Takeshi Umezawa, Noritaka Osawa \"iFarm: Development of Cloud-based System of Cultivation Management for Precision Agriculture\" IEEE 2nd Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE), 2013"]}

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and HDAC6 are epigenetic proteins associated with several diseases, including cancer and combined inhibition of these proteins could be highly beneficial in treating some cancers such as AML, MM and solid tumors. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a challenging cancer with fast relapse rate where novel treatment options are the need of the hour. We have designed and developed novel, LSD1 and HDAC6 selective dual inhibitors to target MM. Our dual inhibitor compound 1 shows superior potency in multiple MM cell lines. In MM.1S xenograft model compound 1 shows superior efficacy compared to single agent LSD1 and HDAC6 inhibitors by oral administration and is well tolerated. Further evaluation of the molecule in other cancers is in progress.

A series of trisubstituted imidazole derivatives containing a 4-fluorophenyl group, a pyrimidine ring, and a CN- or CONH(2)-substituted benzyl moiety have been synthesized and evaluated for p38alpha MAP kinase inhibitory activity. Among them, compounds 22c, 27b, and 28b inhibited p38alpha MAP kinase with IC(50) values 27.6, 28, and 31 nM, respectively.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) is the family of enzymes that are key players in cellular signal transduction system and perturbation in their functioning is implicated in many disease-states. Diverse chemical compounds are being synthesized and evaluated as PTP inhibitors. This review presents a brief account of various enzymes of the PTP family and their inhibitors. Peculiar features of these enzymes and their roles in various diseases are summarized along with important inhibitors developed in recent years.

A series of 2-pyridyl-substituted pyrazoles (16a–d, 17, 18, and 28a–e) and imidazoles (22 and 23) has been synthesized and evaluated for their ALK5 inhibitory activity in cell-based luciferase reporter assays. Among them, 3-(3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(quinolin-6-yl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamido)benzamide (28c) showed 96% and 93% inhibition at 0.1 μM in luciferase reporter assays using HaCaT cells transiently transfected with p3TP-luc reporter construct and ARE-luc reporter construct, respectively.