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Introduction: Aging is commonly associated with decreased muscle size, strength and less force production in elderly people. Loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and quality have fatalistic impacts on their physical activity. Weakness of the lower extremities (especially quadriceps muscle) has been associated with difficulties in getting up from the bed and rising from the chair, slower walking, altered balance and increased risk of falls. These functional alterations can lead to decreased physical activity independence. The quadriceps force production is decreased with increase in age and affects the daily routine activity of elderly which creates much complication and thereby more socio-economic expenditure. Aim: To find out the effect of Quadriceps resistance with flexibility exercise on physical function of elderly subjects. Materials and Methods: A Pre and Post experimental study design with a total of 70 subjects with age of 60-85 year were divided into 35 participants in experimental group who received quadriceps resistance training with flexibility exercises and 35 participants in control group who received flexibility exercises alone for 12 weeks study duration. Pre-test and post-test Quadriceps strength was measured using isometric push pull dynamometer and also timed up and go test was done for physical function of participants in both the groups respectively. Paired t-test was used to examine the impact of intervention among the variables. Results: The quadriceps strength had pre-test values of 26.77±2.30 and post-test value of 42.17±5.56 in experimental group, pre-test value of 26.34±1.11 and post-test value of 28.00±2.47 in control group. The physical function with pretest values of 17.69±2.63 and post-test value of 7.97±1.03 in experimental group, pre-test value of 17.37±2.30 and posttest value of 14.00±1.24 in control group. Experimental group showed significant changes (p

Introduction: Postural compensatory movement impairment is the most common musculoskeletal problem in all age-related population. Upper body dysfunction is a new terminology of movement impairment where the subjects have discomfort in either the neck, shoulder, or upper back region mainly due to poor postural adaptation. Varying postural analysis methods are in practice; however, photography of subjects on posture software analysis is very rarely used. The literature on using this postural analysis software is also not adequately available. Aim: To evaluate inter-rater reliability of the Posture pro 8 software for measuring the postural changes from digital photos of subjects with upper body dysfunction. Materials and Methods: This study has a prospective crosssectional study design and obtained ethical consent from the Institutional Ethical Committee before participants enrolment. Sixty participants of both sexes (28 males and 32 females) with neck, shoulder, or upper back problems for more than three months participated in this reliability study. The lateral-view photos of the participants in a relaxed standing posture were taken. Postural evaluations of the photos of the participants were performed by three observers with a repetition after a week. In this study, postural abnormalities of the participants were evaluated by the three observers using the Posture pro 8 software. Results: Inter-rater reliabilities were calculated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). ICC value of 0.774 and 0.972 were found to be in the range of acceptable to excellent between the observers. Conclusion: Postural evaluations of the participants with upper body dysfunction using the Posture pro 8 software were found to be reliable and repeatable. The present method was an easy and non-invasive method and may be utilised by researchers who are in search of an alternative method for postural assessments.

Introduction: The postural adaptation is very common now a days in school going children, office desk oriented job, computer users and frequent mobile users, and in all major industrial workers. Several studies have documented a high incidence of postural abnormalities in a given population; however, methods of postural measurement were poorly defined. The implication of postural pro software to analyse the postural imbalance of upper body dysfunction is very rare and literature studies says that the kinematic changes in particular segment will produce pain/discomfort and thereby lesser productivity of subjects. Aim: To evaluate the postural changes in subjects with upper body dysfunction after a corrective exercise strategy using postural analysis software and pectoralis minor muscle length testing. Materials and Methods: After explaining the procedure and benefits, informed consent was taken from the participating subjects (age 25-55 years). Subjects with upper body dysfunction were randomly allocated into two groups (each group 30 subjects). The Group–A received the corrective exercise strategy and Group-B received the conventional exercise for eight weeks of study duration (15 reps each exercise, total duration of 40 min; four days/week. Pre and Post posture analysis were analysed using posture pro software along with flexibility of pectoralis minor was assessed using ruler scale method. Results: After interpretation of data, both the group showed the postural alteration and pectoralis minor muscle length changes, p-value (p

Scapular dyskinesis entails an aberrant alignment of the shoulder blade from its typical position. Its prevalence among Cricket Fast Bowlers is estimated at approximately 10%. Understanding the interplay between scapular and core stability is pivotal, as weakened scapular muscles, the primary drivers of scapular dyskinesis, can subsequently diminish core strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare core stability among Cricket Fast Bowlers with and without scapular dyskinesis. Ninety asymptomatic professional Cricket Fast Bowlers, aged 18 to 25 years, voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were categorized into 2 Groups: Group A (With Scapular Dyskinesis) and Group B (Without Scapular Dyskinesis). Core stability was assessed utilizing McGill Endurance Tests, which encompassed the Trunk Flexor Endurance Test, the Biering- Sorenson Test, and the Side Bridge Test. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using the Student's unpaired t-test. Cricket Fast Bowlers with scapular dyskinesis demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the McGill Endurance Test of core stability, i.e., the Flexor Endurance Test, the Biering-Sorenson Test, and the Side Bridge Test for the dominant side with P < 0.01 than the fast bowlers without scapular dyskinesis. Hence, the findings indicate that the Cricket Fast Bowlers with scapular dyskinesis exhibited a decrease in core stability compared the Bowlers without scapular dyskinesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity create health problems throughout society that result in a major burden on work productivity. The purpose of study was to determine the efficacy of structured Pilates in improving core muscle endurance and quality of life among sedentary adults. This study is a randomized controlled study using a True experimental design conducted in the Physiotherapy Out-Patient Department of Sree Abirami Institutions. The participants are sedentary adults 25 and 40 years of age who gave their informed consent as voluntary participants in this study. They were allocated to either the Experimental Group of Structured Pilates exercise or the Control Group of aerobic circuit training. The baseline and post values after the interventions were measured using the outcome measures of the Prone Test (the pressure biofeedback unit) for core muscle endurance and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire for the quality of life. The results showed a significant improvement in core muscle endurance and quality of life in both Groups after the intervention. The mean difference in the Prone Test was 11.86 seconds in the Pilates Group and 9.06 seconds in the Control (i.e., aerobic circuit training) Group. In terms of quality of life, both Groups showed significant improvements in all domains, specifically in Quality of Life and general health, physical health, and psychological health. However, the Pilates Group showed a greater improvement in Quality of Life compared to the Control (aerobic circuit training) Group. This study provides evidence that Structured Pilates can be an effective exercise method for improving core muscle endurance and quality of life among sedentary adults. Moreover, Pilates may have a greater impact on improving quality of life compared to aerobic circuit training. These findings suggest that Pilates should be considered as a valuable exercise method for sedentary adults who are interested in the improving their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polyvinyl chloride endotracheal tubes (PVC ETT) are the standard safe protective airway devices applied in intensive care unit practices to associate with a mechanical ventilator to maintain respiratory function and airway patency. While this transparent PVC ETT is semi-rigid at room temperature, but relatively becomes more flexible as it warms to the body core temperature and carries a high risk of perforation or even complete transection during sedation vacation and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) for possible extubation. However, this manuscript reported an unusual, rare case of PVC ETT transected in two pieces due to the patient's short interval of repetitive strong bites and whose distal portion was trapped in the large airways. To overcome this fatal, life-threatening condition, we removed the transected PVC ETT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite large amount of data about different rehabilitation protocols, there were very few studies comparing early passive mobilisation (EPM) with early active mobilisation protocols (EAM).Hence, a randomized controlled trial was done to compare & determine the effectiveness of Early passive mobilisation (EPM) versus Early active mobilisation (EAM) Protocols on Total Active Motion (TAM) & Grip Strength in subjects following Flexor Tendon Zone II Repair. Methodology: Seventeen Subjects who underwent Primary Repair of Flexor Tendon zone II were identified. Twelve subjects met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the research. They were randomly assigned to EPM & EAM Groups through Simple Random Sampling method and treated for eight successive weeks.Outcomes: Total Active Motion(TAM) values were evaluated using the American Society for Surgery of the Hand criteria. Grip strength was measured using Jamar dynamometer. Both outcomes were assessed at 4 & 8 weeks after surgery. Results: Mean TAM values and Mean Grip strength were significantly greater in EAM Group. Hence, EAM Group is better than EPM Group. Conclusion: Early Active Mobilisation (EAM) is more effective than Early Passive Mobilisation (EPM) protocol, in restoring digital range of motion and grip strength following Flexor Tendon Zone II repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aged population will be predicted to increase larger than the younger in 2050. Elderly people have more lung issues due to the aging associated with the other environmental factors. Many devices were used to improve lung compliance and thereby enhance the physical function. In this study, we designed the cost-effective and easily available positive expiratory pressure (PEP) device and implemented to the geriatric population to evaluate the lung compliance and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of self-designed bottle PEP device on lung function in geriatric population. Methods: Using random sampling method, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 subjects were selected for the study and they were made to undergo the training protocol using a resistance breathing in self-designed PEP device. The PEFR of lung is measured using peak flow meter as the outcome tool. Pre-test PEFR is measured with peak flow meter, and then, clients were instructed to undergo training protocol for 4 weeks every alternative days and post-test values are measured using peak flow meter. Results: The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. This study showed statistically significant improvement in the lung function (PEFR) in geriatric population (P < 0.001). Conclusion: From this study, the resistance breathing training using self-designed bottle PEP device in geriatric population statistically shown to improve lung function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Foot posture varies in all age groups which may be due to foot alignment, aging, and muscle activity. The prevalence may be due to changes with age, gender, obesity, foot length, and the presence of other problems. In clinical practice, flat foot may be evaluated using clinical evaluation, radiological method, and footprint analysis method. Footprint analysis using a pedograph is a swift and cost-effective compare to other methods. Aim of the Study: This study aims to calculate the flat foot using central distance measurement and compared with Staheli’s foot index value to classify the normal and flat-arched foot posture in the young population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design with random sampling allocation from a population of college-going undergraduate final year students from our institution. The sample was randomly selected, after being stratified by age and gender, and a total of 94 subjects with sample size were included in this study, respectively. To study the footprint by pedograph, central distance measurement and the Staheli’s arch index were used separately from each participant. Results: After the data analysis shows that the normal right foot Staheli’s index with mean ± standard deviation (SD) is 0.586 ± 0.18 and central distance measurement is 3.70 ± 0.76, and the correlation of these two variables shows a negative correlation with r = −0.313. Similarly, normal left foot Staheli’s index and central distance variables mean ± SD are 0.614 ± 0.20 and 3.60 ± 0.72, respectively, negative correlation with r = −0.238. Participants with right sided mild flat foot of Staheli’s index and central distance measurement variables mean ± SD values are 1.18 ± 0.04 and 1.37 ± 0.37 respectively and shows stronger negative correlation of r = −0.948. Participants with left sided severe flat foot of Staheli’s index and central distance measurement variables mean ± SD values are 1.99 ± 0.32 and 0.58 ± 0.13 respectively with negative correlation of r = −0.357. Conclusion: The central distance measurement methods show easier and cost-effective method after compared with Staheli’s foot index value. Further, research is required to determine whether the central distance measurement variable provides the best reliable methods of measuring the foot arches in larger samples with varying ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the development of communication technology, mobile phone seems to become an important personal device that everyone have. Texting is the most widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile phone users worldwide being active users of it. Aim of the Study: This study aims to find the relationship between hand discomfort and dimensions of mobile phone and hand. Methods: A total of 150 college-going girls in the age group of 18–24 years were taken for this study by simple convenient sampling. A subjective questionnaire was used to collect details about mobile model name, years of usage, total hours of usage per day, and type of activity predominantly done using the touch screen mobile. After selecting the participants with the criteria’s, Cornell hand discomfort questionnaire was given to them who were having hand discomfort. Results: The result was analyzed using Pearson correlation between Cornell score and ratio of hand length and diagonal length and ratio of diagonal length and thumb length. There is a significant negative correlation between Cornell score and the ratio of hand length and mobile length (r = −0.225), and moderate positive correlation between Cornell score and the ratio of diagonal length and thumb length (r = 0.534). Conclusion: We concluded that the dimensions of touch screen mobile and hand are not major contributing factor in causing hand discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]