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Background: Benign breast diseases are a neglected entity despite the fact that it constitutes the majority of breast complaints and that the vast majority of the lesions that occur in the breast are benign. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to analyze the percentage of incidence, age distribution, and other associated factors of benign breast diseases. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted on 100 cases of benign breast diseases in Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, between January 2021 and June 2022. Results: Lump was found in all participants (100%) in which incidence of painless and painful lump was for 94% and 6%, respectively. 6% lump was found to be associated with non-cyclical mastalgia and 2% lump had having association with discharge. Milky discharge (1%) was found in the case of galactocele and serous discharge (1%) was found in duct ectasia. Benign breast diseases were found most commonly in premenopausal women (97%) in comparison to post-menopausal women (3%). Breast lump was investigated by fine needle aspiration cytology which was consistent with a lump of fibroadenoma and fibroadenosis in 95% of cases. Rest 5% of breast lumps were non-consistent. 90% of cases were found of fibroadenoma. All patients underwent surgical line of management except for fibroadenosis which was managed conservatively. Cases of breast abscess, fibroadenoma, duct ectasia, and galactocele admitted in hospital, for which mean hospital stay was 4.28 plus or minus 6.21 days. Conclusion: The most common benign breast disease encountered in clinical practice is fibroadenoma followed by fibroadenosis. They are most common in 15-25-year age group and its presentation is found to be more in married woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focusses on the estimation of ET using Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model over the Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.f) forest in the subtropical Doon Valley, India for the dry periods of 2016–18. Parameterization of METRIC model was done for surface temperature (Ts), momentum roughness length (zom), and surface albedo (α) estimations to make it suitable for Forest ET assessment. Results showed good agreement between the daily ET derived from the METRIC model and observed ET by eddy covariance method at Barkot Flux Tower (BFT) site. Results of parameterized METRIC model showed improvement over non-parameterized model with higher coefficient of determination (0.81), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (0.71) and lower Root Mean Square Error (0.48 mm). Average ET for the Sal forest ranged from 1.18-4.78 mm/day. Monthly and seasonal ET was derived using cubic spline interpolation-based time integration of reference ET fraction (ETrF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI) is a multi‐partner initiative, implementing and scaling up a public health hypertension control program across India. A cohort of 21,895 adult hypertension patients in 24 IHCI sentinel site facilities in four Indian states (Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Telangana), registered from January 2018 until June 2019 were assessed at baseline and then followed up for blood pressure (BP) control and antihypertensive medication use. Among all registrations, 11 274 (51%) of the patients returned for a follow‐up visit between July 2019 and September 2019. Among patients returning for follow‐up, 26.3% had BP controlled at registration, and 59.8% had BP controlled at follow‐up (p <.001). The absolute improvement in BP control was more than two times greater in primary care (48.1 percentage point increase) than secondary care facilities (22.9 percentage point increase). Most IHCI patients received prescriptions according to state‐specific treatment protocols. This study demonstrates that a scalable public health hypertension control program can yield substantial BP control improvements, especially in primary care settings. However, high loss to follow‐up limits population health impact; future efforts should focus on improving systems to increase the likelihood that patients will return to the clinic for routine hypertension care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has been the key factor in changing the alpine vegetation's habitat and causing it to migrate to higher latitudes. The present study aims to model the current and future potential habitat distribution of endangered medicinal plant Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth in Uttarakhand Himalaya using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling. We initially select twenty-two environmental variables (bioclimatic + topographic) got from the Fifty-four (54) species occurrence points, which were further reduced to nine variables to prevent multicollinearity. Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1–2.6 and SSP2–4.5) from the CMIP6 (BCC-CSM2-MR) climate model for the periods 2041–60 and 2061–80 were used to predict the current and future habitat distribution of P. kurroa. Results showed that the precipitation of the driest month (Bio 14; 33.8%), isothermality (Bio 3; 20.2%), mean temperature of warmest quarter (Bio 10; 12.7%), and temperature annual range (Bio 7; 12.2%) were the important bioclimatic variables influencing the habitat of P. kurroa. Overall, there is a decrease in the habitat of P. kurroa under climate change scenarios. The present results may prove insightful for the decision-makers to identify suitable sites in the wild for the further propagation of P. kurroa. • Habitat suitability of Picrorhiza kurroa was done for Uttarakhand Himalaya. • CMIP6 based BCC-CSM2-MR climate model were used to predict the future distribution of the P.kurroa. • Precipitation of driest month (Bio 14) was the most contributing variable for P.kurroa distribution. • Overall, there was a decrease in the highly suitable habitat of P.kurroa in future climate scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]