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Expression of the Ah receptor-regulated cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) gene was studied in human adult and fetal tissues and cells in culture by reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In adults, CYP1B1 mRNA was detected in liver, lymphocytes, cells of bronchoalveolar lavage samples and uterine endometrium, but not in lung. The level of expression was very low in adult liver and only three out of six fetal livers expressed CYP1B1. Extrahepatic fetal tissues, especially brains and kidneys, expressed high levels of CYP1B1. CYP1B1 mRNA was constitutively detected at a low level in first trimester and full-term placental samples. A competitive RT-PCR assay was developed to assess the regulation of CYP1B1. CYP1B1 mRNA was not induced in placenta by maternal cigarette smoking. Inducibility of CYP1B1 in cells in culture by the Ah receptor ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was studied in primary fibroblasts and chorion carcinoma cell line JEG-3 having different CYP1A1 induction properties. Inducibility of CYP1B1 was found to be regulated independently from CYP1A1. In JEG-3 cells CYP1A1 mRNA was induced up to 9000-fold, while the expression of CYP1B1 was not affected. Expression of Ah receptor and Ah receptor nuclear translocator (regulators of the CYP1 family) was determined in human placenta and in the JEG-3 cell line. Expression of these transcription factors was found neither to be co-regulated nor affected by Ah receptor ligands. This study provides evidence that in addition to the Ah receptor complex, other cell-specific factors modulate the response of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 to Ah receptor ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

CYP3A is the major cytochrome P450 subfamily constitutively expressed in the human liver. CYP3A4 is the predominant hepatic P450 form in adults and it is expressed at high but very variable levels among individuals. The fetal liver contains mainly CYP3A7, while the presence of the other CYP3A enzymes in fetal liver has remained controversial. In this study, the relative levels of CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 expression were determined in a panel of 9-11 fetal livers with a similar gestation age (9-12 weeks) and compared to adult livers. CYP3A7 was found to be the major CYP3A form in all the fetal liver samples. The abundance of CYP3A7 varied more at the mRNA (77-fold variation) than at the protein level (4.8-fold variation). CYP3A5 mRNA was also detected in all of the fetal liver samples, but the average level was 700-fold lower than that of CYP3A7. CYP3A5 protein was detected by immunoblot analysis in only 1 fetal liver out of the 9 investigated, the level of expression being moderately high in this sample. CYP3A4 mRNA was detected in only a subset of the fetal liver samples and its level was the lowest of the CYP3A forms. This is the first study to demonstrate the polymorphic expression of CYP3A5 and the variability of CYP3A7 expression in fetal liver and suggests that significant interindividual differences in the metabolism of xenobiotics may already exist at the prenatal stage. These differences may contribute to individual pharmacological and/or toxicological responses in the fetus., (Copyright 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel)

Word Health Organization, WHO/EURO, has coordinated two rounds of follow-up studies on levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in human milk which were analyzed as two pooled samples from each participating country, one from urban and the other one from rural area. Finland has taken part to both of those studies and we are now reporting results of all the second round randomly sampled human milk samples (84 samples) from Southern (20) and Eastern (64) Finland. The levels of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in human milk in Southern Finland were considerably higher than in Eastern Finland. The level of PCDD/Fs in human milk in Southern Finland was the same as in the Central Europe but the level in Eastern Finland was similar to levels in Norway and eastern parts of Europe. The concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs showed a significant decrease from 1987 to 1994. Declining of PCDD/Fs and PCBs was 36 and 49% in primiparae mothers' milk, respectively. This decrease in concentrations of PCDD/F and PCB was slightly greater in Eastern than in Southern Finland.