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The semi-automatic steer by wire system is a vehicle steering system that does not use a mechanical link but uses an electric drive, so that the steer wheel is equipped with an angle sensor as a control system input to adjust the electric drive rotation when determining the direction of the front wheels of the vehicle. The control system uses fuzzy logic control (FLC) is optimized using swarm-based optimization. Performance testing of the optimal control system is carried out using Software in the loop simulations and hardware in the loop simulations which were then applied to the steering system prototype equipped with rack-pinion and wheel steer. The test results show that the optimal control system performance reaches a C-RMS error of 6.712. The prototype that was built has two kinds of ratios between the steering angle and the vehicle wheel angle, namely a ratio of 1:6.25 for speeds below 10 km/h making it suitable for operation when the vehicle is maneuvering in the parking area and a ratio of 1:25 for speeds above 10 km/h which is suitable for operation when the vehicle is traveling at medium or high speed

National electricity needs are always increasing, for that the efficiency of power plants needs to be maintained and expected to be improved. To maintain the efficiency of the power plant, it is necessary to feed water system as a provider of feed water before entering the boiler in good condition and one of the equipment is the High Pressure Heater (HPH). In Paiton Power Plant there are HPH numbers 5.6 and 7. This research aims to compare the efficiency of power plants and the losses caused when pltu operates in hph 7 inservice and outservice conditions. The research method used is a simulation in the simulator room of PLTU PT. PJB UP Paiton 1 & 2. From the data obtained then done calculations. Research produces the efficiency value of PLTU when in HPH 7 inservice condition is 33.40% and when outservice is 29.20%. The need for coal to increase the temperature lost due to HPH 7 outservice amounted to 11.11 Tons / hour, so that the losses caused by the increase in coal flow amounted to Rp 1,204.896.000 per year.

Energy needs in Indonesia are increasing day by day due to population growth and economic growth. To meet the increasing energy needs, it is necessary to develop a variety of alternative energies such as: biomass, solar energy, wind energy, water energy, which are still few that utilize One of the machines that use renewable energy is the Stirling motor. A stirling motor is a type of motor that has an external combustion engine that does not require much maintenance and does not emit a lot of pollutants because it only requires a source of thermal energy to run it. In other words, solar energy can also be utilized. The method developed is the use of solar energy which is concentrated by a parabolic reflector to the hot cylinder of the Stirling engine to convert heat energy into motion energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations of several fin dimensions and variations in the number of fins on a displacer with aluminum material. This study uses an experimental method to describe the performance of the stirling engine prototype using various dimensions of cooling fins and variations in the number of fins. The results showed that the gamma stirling engine using 6 fins, and a diameter of 38 mm, showed the best results with a time of 43 minutes with an intensity of solar radiation of 188.2 W/m² to drive the stirling engine with a speed of 189 rpm and a torque of 0.87 N. mm. The difference in temperature produced in the hot cylinder and cold cylinder is 115˚C with a thermal efficiency of 44.13%.

Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) that contains the ideal nutrients for humankind even though consumed only in small quantities. The commodity has a lucrative business prospect for Indonesia in the future. VerteBleue (VB Spirulina Farm) is a business entity engaged in agriculture, situated in urban areas of Malang City. Recently, the production capacity of VB Spirulina can produce 40 gr of dry spirulina products every week, which is extremely small. The empowerment program is focused on breeding micro-scale spirulina culture in urban areas. The solution to the partner problem is the construction of a spirulina pond greenhouse based on IoT so that various parameters can be appropriately controlled. The result is increased production capacity to produce spirulina commodities with optimal quality and economical prices. The practicality of the IoT system helps farmers to control spirulina culture remotely. The implementation of this project allows the production of dry spirulina up to 108 g dry / day previously only able to produce dry 7g / day. The practicality IoT system helps farmers to control spirulina culture remotely.ABSTRAKSpirulina (Arthrospira platensis) adalah bakteri hijau-biru atau cyanobacteria yang mengandung nutrisi paling lengkap bagi makhluk hidup khususnya manusia walau hanya dikonsumsi dalam jumlah kecil yang relative kecil;. Komoditas tersebut memiliki prospek bisnis yang lukratif untuk Indonesia pada masa depan. VerteBleue (VB Spirulina Farm) adalah usaha kecil menengah yang bergerak di bidang agrikultur di daerah urban dalam wilayah Kota Malang. Pada saat ini, kapasitas produksi yang dimiliki VB Spirulina dapat menghasilkan 40 gr produk spirulina kering setiap minggunya. Program pemberdayaan difokuskan pada wacana pengembangbiakan kultur spirulina skala mikro di daerah urban. Solusi dari permasalahan mitra adalah pembangunan greenhouse kolam spirulina yang berbasis IoT sehingga berbagai parameter dapat dikontrol dengan baik. Peningkatan modal capital dibutuhkan oleh mitra untuk pembelian alat produksi. Luaran yang dihasilkan adalah peningkatan kapasitas produksi untuk menghasilkan komoditas dengan kualitas optimal dan harga yang ekonomis. Implementasi greenhouse dan kolam spirulina sudah sesuai dengan rancangan awal. Sistem IoT sangat berguna bagi petani dalam melakukan proses monitoring kultur dari jarak jauh. Greenhouse dan kolam spirulina mampu memproduksi spirulina kering hingga 108 g kering/hari yang sebelumnya hanya mampu memproduksi 7 g kering/hari.

The potential of natural resources in the form of water energy is a renewable natural resource that is often used because it does not damage the environment and can be used continuously. This water flow has two types, namely laminar flow and turbulent flow, the forces generated from these two flows are also different. Turbulent flow tends to produce a greater force and can lift object masses better than laminar flow. Therefore, a vortex turbine has emerged which utilizes turbulent flow as a waterwheel drive, by directing laminar flow towards the cross section and converting it into turbulent flow by utilizing the force of gravity and The cross-sectional shape forms a whirlpool that can move a waterwheel and turn a turbine. The number of blades is very influential on the performance generated from the vortex turbine and affects the resulting output, be it voltage, current, rotational speed, torque and efficiency. In this study, the best results were shown on blades with a total of 6, at a rotational speed of 141.3 rpm; at the voltage shows the result of 0.28 volts; at current it produces 44 mA; at Torque (Nm) 0.22 Nm; and the efficiency is 76.5%.

Many vibration isolators, for example, passive vehicle mounting devices, have fixed rigidity. This article presents the development of an adjustable stiffness engine mount based on the magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) to reduce engine vibration. The development of the first MREs vibration isolator was to design the engine mounting, and then to simulate a magnetic circuit. The choice of housing material and the thickness of the MRE is considered to complement a sufficient and uniform magnetic field to change the stiffness. The innovative magnetic circuit design includes the type and size of the wire and the number of turns of the coil for optimal magnetic field. Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of electromagnetic circuits in generating magnetic fields through MRE samples. Finally, influenced by the various current input in the coil, the performance of the MRE vibration isolator is investigated. The input electric current whose value increases is more useful to change the increased stiffness value of the MRE-based isolator system.

Renewable energy is one of the businesses sector that will develop rapidly after the changing economic order due to the corona outbreak. The characteristics of Indonesia's tropical climate by getting good sunlight throughout the year can be used as alternative and renewable energy. The Stirling engine is one type of external combustion engine, because combustion is carried out outside the engine using a closed regenerative cycle in which the working fluid is compressed or expanded in a separate reservoir and then distributed to drive the power piston reciprocatingly. The method developed is the use of solar energy which is concentrated by a parabolic reflector to the hot cylinder of the Stirling engine to convert heat energy into motion energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the thermal conductivity of several material specimens used in the hot cylinder of the Stirling engine including copper, stainless steel, & glass. This study uses an experimental method to describe the performance of a stirling engine prototype using various types of hot cylinder material specimens. The results showed that the gamma stirling engine using hot cylinder glass material had the best performance because with a heat conductivity of 0.78 W/m˚C it was able to drive a stirling engine with a speed of 132 rpm and a torque of 0.57 N.mm at the temperature difference between hot cylinder and cold cylinder of 88˚C and with a thermal efficiency of 20.39%.

With the advancement of advanced equipment, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) laser cutting as a manufacturing tool in plate cutting, where industri player make to get maximum result. Laser cutting Cutting is one of the tools used by the industrial world to maximize cutting results. The purpose of this research To find out the results of the difference using the parameters of air pressure and cutting speed on a Q235B carbon steel plate with a thickness of 3 mm using CNC fiber laser cutting on the surface roughness of the material. The method used in this study is a real experimental research method and data analysis to analyze parameters on plate cutting using laser cutting on surface roughness with this number of experiments 9 and 3 replications for the research process by testing surface roughness using Surface Roughness Sj – 210 Mitutoyo. The results showed that the higher the air pressure and the lower the cutting speed, the lower the surface roughness value and vice versa. The lowest surface roughness value is at air pressure of 16 Bar with a cutting speed of 3300/min which is getting a value of 1.499 μm and the highest surface roughness value is at air pressure of 12 bar with a cutting speed of 3400 mm/min which is getting a value of 2.986 μm. dengan kecepatan pemotongan 3400 mm/min yaitu mendapatkan nilai sebesar 2,986 μm.

Based on previous research, research on the development of solar distillation models is needed. Development of absorbent plates (absorber) using cast concrete material with fin, wave and flat models as a comparison. The fin and wave absorber plates can expand the surface, thereby increasing the intensity of solar radiation received by the absorber. Cast concrete is a porous material that can absorb sea water and make a thin layer, making it easier for the evaporation process and can improve solar distillation performance In this study using the experimental method. Solar still research by examining the surface of a cast concrete absorber plate. The surface of the absorbent plate used is the fin, wave and flat / conventional models. Cast concrete uses stone, iron sand, PCC cement and water. The study used variations in water volume The research resulted in the surface shape of the fin model can increase the productivity of fresh water and the efficiency of solar still using a plate absorbent fin model is higher than the wave and flat models. A smaller volume of sea water can increase productivity higher than a larger volume of sea water.

This paper aims to further improve the performance of the control system on the steer by wire (SbW) of vehicle steering system, by presenting the development of optimal control system strategy for lateral motion and yaw motion which is arranged in a cascade so that the vehicle can always be maintained on the desired trajectory. The control system strategy to be developed is fuzzy logic control (FLC) as a lateral motion control and proportional integral derivative (PID) control as a yaw motion control, and to obtain an optimal control system, the modified-quantum particle swarm optimization (MQPSO) optimization method is used. The simulations are carried out using hardware in the loop simulations (HILS) which involve hardware, namely; motor stepper actuator and rotary encoder to determine and monitor the direction of the front wheels which are applied to the vehicle dynamics model in a real time. HILS test results show that vehicle movement can be maintained according to the desired trajectory (double lane change) with an average continues-root mean square (C-RMS) error of 0.015366 for lateral motion and 0.014967 for yaw motion, the average C-RMS error is greater 23.75% for lateral motion and 28.18% for yaw motion against the results of the software in the loop simulations (SILS) test.

Program PKM ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi sambal di Dusun Leses Kabupaten Malang. Sambal merupakan salah satu unsur khas hidangan Indonesia. Ada bermacam-macam variasi sambal yang berasal dari berbagai daerah. Masyarakat kota Malang yang didominasi remaja dan mahasiswa baik dalam kota maupun luar kota Malang rata-rata menyukai makanan dengan citarasa pedas atau menggunakan sambal. Permintaan pasar akan sambal kemasan di kawasan ini semakin meningkat. Lokasi mitra Dapur Uni Amel berada di RT 04 / RW 09 Dusun Leses, Kelurahan Ngijo, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang. UKM Dapur Uni Amel yang dimiliki oleh Ibu Darnety ini telah berproduksi sejak tahun 2017. Mitra UKM telah berusaha untuk mengembangkan produksinya dengan menambah varian jenis sambal. Hingga saat ini ada 5 macam varian rasa yang berhasil diproduksi yaitu: Sambal hijau, Sambal merah, Sambal bawang, Sambal teri dan Sambal pencit. Beberapa kendala utama yang dapat diungkapkan disini adalah kurangnya modal pembuatan produksi sambal, sehingga produksi dilakukan dengan skala kecil yang menyebabkan cash flow tidak terjadi dengan baik. Proses produksi pada mitra masih menggunakan alat-alat masak yang sederhana dan masih manual menggunakan cobek, yang tentunya kesulitan jika pesanan yang masuk banyak. Ada beberapa tahap dalam proses produk pembuatan sambal, dikarenakan ada beberapa varian rasa dan tiap varian sambal memiliki proses yang berbeda. Penyelesaian masalah yang dialami mitra melalui pelatihan peningkatan kualitas sistem pengelolaan keuangan UKM, pelatihan manajemen organisasi, pengadaan alat produksi yaitu mesin sealer plastik dan mesin penggiling sambal.

Pyrolysis is an alternative technology that is a method for obtaining hydrocarbon energy sources. This technology is a combustion technology without involving O 2 in the combustion process. The source of fuel from pyrolysis comes from renewable resources such as biomass / plants. Wood powder itself can be obtained from wood waste around us, so wood powder which is a biomass can also be used as raw material in the pyrolysis process. So far wood waste has only been used as a medium for planting mushrooms and fires. Whereas the use of wood waste in the manufacture of liquid smoke and charcoal has received attention in recent years, which can be produced by the pyrolysis method. The hypothesis of the study is that the higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic rate and volume of tar. this is because the energy given to biomass is also higher. The research method is to pyrolyze the material into the pyrolyzer machine with temperature variations, and later the reaction rate kinetic of the formed tar will be calculated. From this study we can conclude a number of things, namely: The higher the temperature of the volume of tar produced will be more numerous where the maximum volume obtained at a temperature of 500 o C is 72 ml, but at very high temperatures the tar volume decreases because a lot of gas is formed. The higher the heating temperature, the kinetic rate that occurs in the decomposition of mahogany wood will also be faster, this has been validated the accuracy of the kinetic rate that occurs by comparing the actual volume with the volume of calculation results. The higher the heating temperature, the activation energy (Ea) and the exponential factor (A) will be smaller .

UKM Ramesta merupakan salah satu UKM yang memproduksi kripik pisang di Tulungagung Jawatimur. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada bisnis ini adalah manajemen tata kelola dan manajemen keuangan, karena bisnis ini dikelola oleh keluarga, sehingga mulai dari proses produksi, tata kelola, dan pemasaran dilakukan secara tradisional. Artikel ini, lebih khusus lagi membahas tentang analisa kelayakan bisnis untuk mengindentifikasi layak tidaknya bisnis dijalankan serta menganalisa sampai sejauhmana tingkat keuntungan berdasarkan Return on Investment (ROI). Berdasarkan analisa kelayakan bisnis dengan nilai R/C ratio adalah 1,3 dan B/C ratio adalah 0.314. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bisnis kripik pisang pada UKM ramesta layak untuk dijalankan. Sedangkan prosentase keuntungan berdasarkan ROI menunjukkan hasil 31,4% yang berarti bahwa terdapat keuntungan namun cukup kecil. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan aspek-aspek lain seperti proses produksi dan manajemen perusahaan agar dapat meningkatkan keuntungan.Kata Kunci: kripik pisang; analisis kelayakan bisnis.

Most of the vibration isolator has fixed stiffness, such as a passive vehicle mounting system. This article presents the development of the adjustable stiffness engine mounting magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) based to reduce vibration. The development of MREs vibration isolator is to design of engine mounting first step, for next step is to simulate the electromagnetic circuit. The housing material selection and MREs thickness were considered to provide ample and uniform magnetic fields to change the stiffness. The innovative magnetic circuit design includes the type and size of the wire and the number of turns of the coil to obtain the best magnetic fields to eliminate vibration. Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software was used to show the effectiveness of the electromagnetic circuit to generate magnetic fields through the MREs. Finally, the varies current input influence to the MREs vibration isolator is investigated. The higher current input is more useful to eliminate vibration using MREs isolator system.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of temperature on gas enthalpy and kinetic rate of mahogany wood powder pyrolysis results. Research process carried out experimentally with the temperature 673 K, 773 K, 873K, 973 K and 1073 K. Pyrolysis process is carried out for 2 hours with a particle size of sawdust from 0.5 to 1 mm. The results showed that the enthalpy value increase as the temperature increase. Highest enthalpy value achieved at 1073 K, with enthalpy value is 35015.97J.Kinetic rate for temperature 873 K, 973 K and 1073 K is 𝑘 = 1,484𝑒 −2759/𝑇 , kinetic rate for temperature 673 K and 773 K is 𝑘 = 16,5306𝑒 −5368/𝑇 and 𝑘 = 3,0373𝑒 −2980/𝑇 respectively. As the temperature increase, activation energy (Ea) to decompose biomass into gases is decrease.

Potential renewable energy source that can be greatly utilized is the water flow, namely hydropower. The hydropower is one of the efforts to answer the energy crisis occurred in several regions due to lack of awareness to develop alternative energy. This effort will be done by designing a hydroelectric power plant. Before being made, it was studied using CFD simulation using Ansys Student Version 19.1 that was calculated based on flow assumptions. One model of the approach used is k-epsilon, with the initial flow rate of 5 m/s. By using water-liquid fluid material, the speed of water produced around the wheel is 2.19 m/s while the speed of water after passing the water wheel is 5.07m/s.

Many water sources around us which have kinetic energy to run waterwheels are not optimally utilized. This energy can be converted into an energy source that can produce electricity. Therefore this study produced a design of a waterwheel that could be used in low-flow rivers to produce electricity by adding generators. Waterwheel modeling using Ansys is calculated based on flow assumptions. Modeling using this system provides advantages in the form of computational power efficiency, the stability of numerical calculations and the accuracy of the resulting solutions. Numerical analysis of the waterwheel is assumed that the waterwheel is half floating on the surface of the water. As stated in the limitation of the problem that the incoming water flowing at a speed of 5 m/s from the flow moves the wheel. The flow rate of water that hit the blade on the waterwheel causes the waterwheel to rotate which is pressured by the flow of water with a number of 12 blades. With a relatively simple design, the waterwheel produces a wheel rotation I of 91 Rpm and II of 78 Rpm, with a torque of 39.2 N by using some analysis of this design can be applied to river flow with low flow velocity. The relatively simple design makes it easy to be produced and maintenance. River flow used is in the Malang District with a flow velocity of 1 m/s gets a power of 1128 W on waterwheel I while on waterwheel II gets a power of 967 W.

There is a huge potential of turmeric to be processed into various kinds of medicines or food products as there are still many people consuming traditional medicines and beverages for their health. Thisleads to the need of a clean raw turmeric processing, in spite of the fact that turmeric commodity grown in the high lands. The process of direct turmeric drying can not be maximal because of the low solar intensity caused by cloudy weather. If the drying process continues to constantly produce 12% water level, the turmeric medium will be damaged due to fungus arise on the surface of turmeric influenced by high humidity factor. Therefore a closed turmeric dryer with LPG fuel at a low cost is made. Using ST 37 material for the construction frame, while the inner cover uses stainless steel, and for the outside cover uses hot rolled steel sheet material. In addition, the dryer used can be controlled by air velocity and temperature in the drying cabinet and equipped with transparent glass to see the physical state of the turmeric inside. Obtained temperature during experiment is 50-550C in average with drying duration of 60 minutes with 0,15 m / s air speed and the water level obtained is 12% with the efficiency degree equal to 59%.