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The evolvement of sustainable smart grid (SG) technology, advanced metering infrastructure, bidirectional communication and information infrastructure has revolutionised advancement in home energy management system (HEMS). The intelligent monitoring and control of renewable generation and distribution have their positive impact on the ease and convenience of the consumers to reduce overall energy consumption and to improve the comfort level. This study presents an overview of existing HEMS and their feasibilities. It also explores different controlling techniques and their functionalities that have been adopted to bring out future perspectives on the advancement of HEMS. The existing hardware implementations for HEMS along with communication protocols are discussed. Different demand response (DR) programmes and their compatibility are well-classified for HEMS, and also the range of application for HEMS has been discussed. Optimisation techniques that are used for different objectives of DR and HEMS are well-furnished in this study. The motivation, setbacks and their solutions for co-simulation approach along with the different power system simulators and communication network simulators and their compatibility for SG environment and HEMS are explored in the study.

This work is focused on implementing various robotic systems to fulfill the objective of creating a prototype rover which is controlled with the eye ball movement of the user through webcam and this rover is used to map the surrounding environment. It is installed with the first person view camera system which will act as the eye of the rover. Hence, the user can deploy the rover in the desired pathway. Mapping circuitry consists of a time-of-flight sensor which measures the distance of the surrounding objects. The required output graph will be displayed in our sketchpad (processing software). The rover is controlled by an autonomous eye tracking system which will help the user to control the rover from remote places even if he cannot reach the required area. Rover and the user will have their own eyes to observe the required necessities distantly. NodeMCU that is mounted on the rover receives the data that feeds the data to a motor driver which is again connected to the motor driver mounted on the top of the automation. Motor driver accordingly drives the motor and hence the wheels are rotated either clockwise or anticlockwise according to our command. It will either move forward, left or right and stop

Smart cities are going to be the need for the future generation. For any city to be smart, two major things to look at are its energy consumption and the safety of citizens. The aim of this work is to optimize energy consumption in public lighting and to make roads safer by ensuring quick dispatch of emergency services upon detection of an accident or any abnormal condition on the roads. Public lighting has a huge energy consumption. For public lighting energy optimization, the proposed system uses a microwave Doppler motion sensor interfaced with Arduino to detect vehicle movement and switch on corresponding lights to illuminate the road, hence saving a lot of energy against traditional street lights that are kept on for the entire duration of the night. A number of lives are lost annually in road accidents due to emergency services reaching a few minutes later than needed. To tackle this issue, the proposed system demonstrates a prototype model to detect an accident, or any abnormal condition such as a roadblock and inform the nearby authorities to take necessary action. The novelty of this system is that it is placed on roads rather than vehicles which makes it independent of vehicle type and is accessible and affordable to all.

The implementation of Home Energy Management System (HEMS) in the recent research works have directed to revolutions in the conservation of energy and the environment along with savings in cost and enhancement in comfort levels. The implication of carrying out this research is to propose a home energy management approach combined with the insertion of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) into the system to minimize the complete expense of electrical energy without losing the ease of the appliances. A Belgium house in a freezing climate and Time of Use (ToU) demand response program is probed in the following case study. The Water Filling Energy distribution algorithm is implemented in the study without violating the constraints of the overall system and individual appliances such as thermal comforts of Heat Pump (HP), Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units, State of Charge (SOC) limits of batteries and time restrictions of Washing Machine (WM), Cloth Dryer (CD) and Dish Washer (DW) The objectives are formulated as an optimization problem and are solved by Genetic Algorithm. On this account, the consequential effects on the grid energy deviation, SOC and lifetime of the battery are investigated. Thereby, the stress on the grid and battery are also explored.

In dissonance with the limitations of present substation monitoring system, this paper introduced a Zigbee based wireless network system in traditional online monitoring system and the wireless online monitoring system. This system is constituted by a Zigbee sensor network nodes.and a zigbee coordinator node. The sensor terminal nodes are comprised by different type of sensors and Zigbee wireless modules which are spreaded evenly in monitoring area and its responsibilities are the data acquisition and transmission. The zigbee coordinator node is the control center and it is authoritative for network maintenance and data processing. The innovations of this paper broughts the efficienct monitoring and controlling. This project is the prototype for all electrical systems for which online monitoring and controlling is required. We can implement in wide range for commercial buildings, substaions, etc. Here Arduino is used for controlling and different zigbees can be interfaced by XCTU and substation controlling parameters can be monitered by a substation app which is developed by MIT app developer and Node MCU is a wi-fi module used for monitoring and controlling of current and voltage in the current transformer and voltage transformer respectively and temperature across the transformer.