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Background: Poly cystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrinopathy identified by oligo-ovulation or ano-ovulation, sign of androgen excess and multiple small ovarian cysts. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of poly cystic ovarian disease among undergraduate female medical students of RMCH & RC, Hapur. Materials & Methods: 185 undergraduate female medical students of RMCH & RC, Hapur were selected and all students were provided with a questionnaire comprising of average menstrual cycle during menstruating years, tendency to grow dark, coarse hair on body, obese or overweight between age 16-40 years, sleep cycle and duration of sleep, late night person, dietary habit, family history of irregular cycle, a milky discharge from nipples (not including during pregnancy or childbirth) between the age of 16-40 years was recorded. Results: Out of 185 students, PCOS was seen in 6 (3.24%). 159 had no tendency to grow dark, coarse hair, 6 had on belly, 6 on breast, 9 on upper lip, 1 on back and 4 on chest between breast. 38 were overweight and 147 were normal, 55 were obese or overweight between age 16-40 years and 130 were not.

Background Vitamin D deficiency is a very common occurrence in cardiac patients. It has been proved that cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass accelerate the deficiency further. The postoperative outcomes of patients deteriorate in the presence of vitamin D deficiency. Perioperative supplementation of vitamin D is the only solution to the problem. Hence, the present systematic review was conducted to derive the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation on postoperative outcomes in cardiac surgery patients. Method Publications over duration of last 10 years was searched from different database and web sites. The data from full-text research articles were analyzed for the effect on different postoperative outcomes and side effects. Result Eight randomized control trials were retrieved on the effect of perioperative vitamin D supplementation in cardiac surgery patients and their postoperative outcomes. Six articles (75%) were found to be in favor of improvement in postoperative outcome. Two articles (25%) did not find any difference of outcome between the control and treatment group. All the studies observed the restoration of vitamin D to normal and no adverse effects from supplementation. Conclusion Perioperative vitamin D supplementation improves the postoperative outcomes after cardiac surgery. It is effective and safe to supplement vitamin D in cardiac surgery patients.

Background: Antenatal care is essential for pregnant women and care givers like medical professionals to have healthy baby and mother. The medical students should have knowledge about antenatal care .So that they can guide and give health education to pregnant women. Materials and methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to all students in Phase III Part 1 through Google Form during the lecture session of Community Medicine department. The data was collected and analysed. Total Results: 104 students participated in the study. Knowledge score for ideal visits to be done by a pregnant women to the health facility and basic laboratory investigations required during pregnancy was less than 80% and that is 17.3% and 78.8% respectively. Other knowledge score about antenatal care like minimum antenatal visits by pregnant women, TT immunisation required during pregnancy, Extra calorie required during pregnancy, Iron folic acid tablets were given free of cost in the government health facility, Danger signs during pregnancy required hospitalisation, Medication required before pregnancy to prevent neural tube defect in fetus, Mild exercise required during pregnancy and Place of child birth better for pregnant women were more than 80% and these were 91.3%, 96.1%, 90.38%, 100%, 89.4%, 97.11%, 99.03% and 98.07% respectively. Knowledge score for ideal visits Conclusion: to be done by a pregnant women to the health facility and basic laboratory investigations required during pregnancy was less than 80% and inadequate require attention by the medical students. Other components of antenatal care knowledge score were more than 80% and adequate

Introduction: The knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) for antenatal check-up during pregnancy is a key indicator of health care facility in a community. The study was conducted in a district hospital in North Delhi of India about antenatal care among pregnant female. Materials and Methods: Total 54 pregnant females were studied about KAP during antenatal care check-up in a tertiary care hospital.The study was cross sectional in design. They were asked questions while attending the outpatient clinic in the hospital. Result: It was found that practices and positive attitude about antenatal care among pregnant females was adequate. Score for positive attitude was 93% and score for antenatal care practices was 62%. Both are more than 50%. But knowledge among them is not adequate; the score for knowledge about antenatal care was 17%, which was less than 50%. Hence periodic health education sessions have to be conducted by the doctors and health staffs. Ten pregnant females(18.5%) had faced danger signs during their previous pregnancy, these danger signs were dizziness and fainting, persistent vomiting, less movement of baby inside uterus, bleeding per vagina (for abortion), persistent vomiting, leaking per vagina and pain abdomen. Four pregnant women (7.4 %) had mentioned bleeding per vagina in their previous pregnancy. Out of 54 pregnant women nine pregnant female told that they were using condom and six not using any contraceptive methods after marriage. Conclusion: The study detected knowledge score of 17%, practice score of 62% and attitude score of 93% in pregnant female attending antenatal check-up clinic. Keywords: Antenatal care, Family planning, Danger signs, Knowledge, Attitude, Practices.

Introduction: Mifepristone, also known as RU 486 is used to cause medical abortion during the early part of pregnancy. It is used up to 10 weeks of pregnancy. Mifepristone blocks the secretion of progesterone. Misoprostol is an analogue of prostaglandin that increases uterine contraction and cervical dilation. The combination of both is used in studies with variable efficacy for medical abortion. Objective: To find out the efficacy of mifepristone and misoprostol combination by systematic review of studies from different parts of the world. Materials and Methods: Literature search in internet was conducted with the topic of efficacy of mifepristone and misoprostol combination on early trimester medical termination of pregnancy. Sixteen articles were finalized after applying the review criteria. Four large trials on the efficacy of mifepristone and misoprostol conducted in USA and Australia and 12 studies from different parts of the world were included. Most of the studies are randomised control trials and descriptive type. Results: It was found that the efficacy of mifepristone and misoprostol varied from 70.93% to 100% with a mean of 92.19%. The time interval between intake of mifepristone and misoprostol, and complete abortion varied from 10 hrs to 24 hrs. Conclusion: Systematic review detected the mean efficacy of mifepristone and misoprostol combination to be 92.19%. Keywords: Early trimester termination of pregnancy, Efficacy, Mifepristone, Misoprostol, Systematic review.

Introduction: The prevalence of hypertension has been reported to be increasing in India due to changes in the lifestyle of people. The current prevalence of hypertension in India has been estimated to be 42.2% in urban areas and is supposed to increase in future requiring huge resources for management of hypertension cases and related cardiovascular co-morbidities. So in this study the lifestyle related factors causing hypertension was explored. Materials and Methods: Diagnosed hypertensive patients visiting urban health centre were included as study subjects. The participants were asked information on life style, socio-demographic characteristics and physical activities levels in 24 hours in the form of walking, sitting and sleeping. History of hypertension in family, treatment history for hypertension, stress factors, clinical signs and symptoms were recorded. Simultaneously the anthropometric measurements including height, weight and waist circumference were measured. Information on diet intake to calculate total calorie and protein intake per day was collected. Results: Total 44 patients participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 59.77±13.3 years. Family history of hypertension was in 47.72% participants. History of stress was in 68.18% participants. Calorie intake and protein intake per day was 1109.66±33.64 Kcal and 55.73±25.29gms. Spending time for walking of 2hrs per day was in 27.27% participants. BMI > 25 were in 65.9% participants. Waist circumference was > 95cm in 25% of males and > 85cm in 50% of females. Conclusion: Majority of participants were found to be overweight and sedentary. Participants were spending less time in walking. So the study recommends increasing physical activity, limiting calorie and protein intake and eliminating stressors will restrict progression of hypertension in hypertensive patients. Keywords: Calorie intake, Hhypertension, Life style, Physical activity, Protein intake, Stress, Waist ci