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711 results on '"Punjab University"'

1. Folk Romance in Pakistani Culture

Author: Isar Kamran; Assistant Professor College of Art and Design Punjab University, Lahore and Isar Kamran; Assistant Professor College of Art and Design Punjab University, Lahore
Abstract: In Pakistani folk culture, romance appears as a symbol to unfold the deep insight and metaphysical expression regarding Heer Ranja, Soni Mahiwal, Mirza Sabhian and Sussi Punu. The important point regarding these folklore romance,, the divinity of love appears as the gift of Allah, create an unseen spirit to reach to its destiny. While observing every case,, the annihilated phenomenon unfold the metaphysical trait in the form of fana- which is an Arabic word means-passing away.Pakistani folklore is comprised of folk songs, folk tales, myth, legends, customs, proverbs and traditions of the four provinces and along with tribal areas forming the modern nation of Pakistan. Every village had hundreds of tales and traditions. The Pakistani folk lore is shaped by means of language and the traditions of various ethnic groups.
Published: 2022

2. An Analytical Study of Iqbal’s Poetry on Kashmiri Nationalism

Author: N/A, Anees Rashid Hashmi; 1. PhD Scholar Department of Kashmiryat 2. Research Associate Institute of Kashmir Studies, Khawaja Zahid Aziz; Department of Kashmiryat Punjab University, Oriental College, Old Campus Lahore, N/A, Anees Rashid Hashmi; 1. PhD Scholar Department of Kashmiryat 2. Research Associate Institute of Kashmir Studies, and Khawaja Zahid Aziz; Department of Kashmiryat Punjab University, Oriental College, Old Campus Lahore
Abstract: The occupation, slavery and violence are against the nature and most notorious in the life of nations who are suffered from cultural, structural, physical and potential violence which badly impacted upon all five factors of human life activities i.e., economic, environmental, political, security and societal. Man has an instinct to fight against these psychological phenomenon slavery, occupation, subjugation and deprivation of rights which requires any forceful stimulus to revoke against injustice, violence and hostility. In Kashmir, just after the downfall of Mughals the alien rulers oppressed, made inhuman, harsh and authoritarian treatment with the Kashmiris by Afghans, Sikhs and in last by Dogras. Iqbal having Kashmiri family background remained worry about the poor and miserable situation and substandard living of the Kashmiris. The slavery, tortures and heavy taxes with deprivation for fundamental right, no authority, no liberty, and freedom were very famous in subcontinent. Iqbal raised his voice against subjugation and inhuman treatment with the Kashmiris and also inspired Kashmiris against brutality and slavery. The lightening words of Iqbal is still working as magical impacts in the feelings, emotions, thoughts and ideas of the Kashmiris and they stood against the Dogra illegal and injustice monocracy and undemocratic autocracy in Kashmir. The resistance of Iqbal during the accidents of 1931 gave birth to impressive freedom movement after the partition of subcontinent. This is an attempt to highlight the Iqbal specific poems and verses written on the misery of Kashmir and some lines for the motivations of the Kashmiris which resulted into strong inspiration against Indian illegal Occupation since last 74 years.
Published: 2022

3. Strategies and performance of the CMS silicon tracker alignment during LHC Run 2

Author: Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Tumasyan Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Armenia A., Vienna, Adam, Austria W., Andrejkovic, J. W., Bergauer, T., Blöch, D., Chatterjee, S., Dragicevic, M., Escalante Del Valle, A., Frühwirth1, R., Hinger, V., Jeitler1, M., Krammer, N., Lechner, L., Liko, D., Mikulec, I., Paulitsch, P., Pitters, F. M., Schieck1, J., Schöfbeck, R., Schwarz, D., Steininger, H., Templ, S., Waltenberger, W., Wulz1 Institute for Nuclear Problems, C. -E., Minsk, Chekhovsky, Belarus V., Litomin, A., Makarenko Universiteit Antwerpen, V., Antwerpen, Beaumont, Belgium W., Darwish2, M. R., De Wolf, E. A., Janssen, T., Kello3, T., Lelek, A., Rejeb Sfar, H., Van Mechelen, P., Van Putte, S., Van Remortel Vrije Universiteit Brussel, N., Brussel, Blekman, Belgium F., Bols, E. S., D’Hondt, J., Delcourt, M., El Faham, H., Lowette, S., Moortgat, S., Morton, A., Muller, D., Sahasransu, A. R., Tavernier, S., Van Doninck, W., Van Mulders Université Libre de Bruxelles, P., Bruxelles, Allard, Belgium Y., Beghin, D., Bilin, B., Clerbaux, B., De Lentdecker, G., Deng, W., Favart, L., Grebenyuk, A., Hohov, D., Kalsi, A. K., Khalilzadeh, A., Lee, K., Mahdavikhorrami, M., Makarenko, I., Moureaux, L., Pétré, L., Popov, A., Postiau, N., Robert, F., Song, Z., Starling, E., Thomas, L., Vanden Bemden, M., Vander Velde, C., Vanlaer, P., Vannerom, D., Wezenbeek, L., Yang Ghent University, Y., Ghent, Cornelis, Belgium T., Dobur, D., Knolle, J., Lambrecht, L., Mestdach, G., Niedziela, M., Roskas, C., Samalan, A., Skovpen, K., Tytgat, M., Ver- massen, B., Vit Université Catholique de Louvain, M., Louvain-la-Neuve, Benecke, Belgium A., Bethani, A., Bruno, G., Bury, F., Caputo, C., David, P., Deblaere, A., Delaere, C., Donertas, I. S., Giammanco, A., Jaffel, K., Jain, Sa., Lemaitre, V., Mondal, K., Prisciandaro, J., Szilasi, N., Taliercio, A., Teklishyn, M., Tran, T. T., Vischia, P., Wertz Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, S., Rio de Janeiro, Alves, Brazil G. A., Hensel, C., Moraes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, A., Aldá Júnior, Brazil W. L., Alves Gallo Pereira, M., Barroso Ferreira Filho, M., Brandao Malbouisson, H., Carvalho, W., Chinellato4, J., Da Costa, E. M., Da Silveira5, G. G., De Jesus Damiao, D., Fonseca De Souza, S., Matos Figueiredo, D., Mora Herrera, C., Mota Amarilo, K., Mundim, L., Nogima, H., Rebello Teles, P., Santoro, A., Silva Do Amaral, S. M., Sznajder, A., Thiel, M., Torres Da Silva De Araujo6, F., Vilela Pereira Universidade Estadual Paulista (a), A., Universidade Federal do ABC (b), São, Paulo, Bernardes5, Brazil C. A., Calligaris, L., Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R., Gre- gores, E. M., Lemos, D. S., Mercadante, P. G., Novaes, S. F., and Methods in Physics Research, Sandra S. Padula 36 The CMS Collaboration Nuclear Inst., A 1037 (2022) 166795 Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Aleksandrov, Bulgaria A., Antchev, G., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Misheva, M., Rodozov, M., Shopova, M., Sultanov University of Sofia, G., Dimitrov, Bulgaria A., Ivanov, T., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov Beihang University, A., Beijing, Cheng, China T., Javaid7, T., Mittal, M., Wang3, H., Yuan Department of Physics, L., Tsinghua, University, Ahmad, China M., Bauer, G., Dozen8, C., Hu, Z., Martins9, J., Wang, Y., Yi10, K., 11 Institute of High Energy Physics, Chapon, China E., Chen7, G. M., Chen7, H. S., Chen, M., Iemmi, F., Kapoor, A., Leggat, D., Liao, H., Liu7, Z. -A., Milosevic, V., Monti, F., Sharma, R., Tao, J., Thomas-Wilsker, J., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Zhao State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, J., Peking Uni- versity, Agapitos, China A., An, Y., Ban, Y., Chen, C., Levin, A., Li, Q., Lyu, X., Mao, Y., Qian, S. J., Wang, D., Xiao Sun Yat-Sen University, Q. Wang12 J., Guangzhou, China M., Lu, You Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University, Z., Shanghai, Gao3, China X., Okawa Zhejiang University, H., Hangzhou, China, Zhejiang, Lin, China Z., Xiao Universidad de Los Andes, M., Bogota, Avila, Colombia C., Cabrera, A., Florez, C., Fraga Universidad de Antioquia, J., Medellin, Mejia Guisao, Colombia J., Ramirez, F., Ruiz Alvarez, J. D., Salazar González University of Split, C. A., Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engi- neering and Naval Architecture, Split, Giljanovic, Croatia D., Godinovic, N., Lelas, D., Puljak University of Split, I., Faculty of Science, Antunovic, Croatia Z., Kovac, M., Sculac Institute Rudjer Boskovic, T., Zagreb, Brigljevic, Croatia V., Ferencek, D., Majumder, D., Mishra, S., Roguljic, M., Starodumov13, A., Susa University of Cyprus, T., Nicosia, Attikis, Cyprus A., Christoforou, K., Erodotou, E., Ioannou, A., Kole, G., Kolosova, M., Konstantinou, S., Mousa, J., Nicolaou, C., Ptochos, F., Razis, P. A., Rykaczewski, H., Saka Charles University, H., Prague, Finger14, Czech Republic M., M. Finger Jr., 14, Kveton Escuela Politecnica Nacional, A., Quito, Ayala Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador E., Carrera Jarrin Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Ecuador E., Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Abdalla15, Egypt H., Assran16, Y., 17 Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU), Fayoum, University, El-, Fayoum, Mahmoud, Egypt M. A., Mohammed National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Y., Tallinn, Ahmed18, Estonia I., Bhowmik, S., Dewanjee, R. K., Ehataht, K., Kadastik, M., Nandan, S., Nielsen, C., Pata, J., Raidal, M., Tani, L., Veelken Department of Physics, C., University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Eerola, Finland P., Forthomme, L., Kirschenmann, H., Osterberg, K., Vouti- lainen Helsinki Institute of Physics, M., Bharthuar, Finland S., Brücken, E., Garcia, F., Havukainen, J., Kim, M. S., Kinnunen, R., Lampén, T., Lassila-Perini, K., Lehti, S., Lindén, T., Lotti, M., Martikainen, L., Myllymäki, M., Ott, J., Siikonen, H., Tuominen, E., Tuominiemi Lappeenranta University of Technology, J., Lappeenranta, Luukka, Finland P., Petrow, H., Tuuva IRFU, T., Cea, Université, Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Amendola, France C., Besancon, M., Couderc, F., Dejardin, M., Denegri, D., Faure, J. L., Ferri, F., Ganjour, S., Givernaud, A., Gras, P., Hamel de Monchenault, G., Jarry, P., Lenzi, B., Locci, E., Malcles, J., Rander, J., Rosowsky, A., Sahin, M. Ö., Savoy-Navarro19, A., Titov, M., Yu Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, G. B., Cnrs/in2p3, Ecole, Polytechnique, Insti- tut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, Ahuja, France S., Beaudette, F., Bonanomi, M., Buchot Perraguin, A., Busson, P., Cappati, A., Charlot, C., Davignon, O., Diab, B., Falmagne, G., Ghosh, S., Granier de Cassagnac, R., Hakimi, A., Kucher, I., Motta, J., Nguyen, M., Ochando, C., Paganini, P., Rembser, J., Salerno, R., Sarkar, U., Sauvan, J. B., Sirois, Y., Tarabini, A., Zabi, A., Zghiche Université de Strasbourg, A., Cnrs, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, Agram20, France J. -L., Andrea, J., Apparu, D., Bloch, D., Bonnin, C., Bourgatte, G., Brom, J. -M., Chabert, E. C., Charles, L., Collard, C., Dangelser, E., Darej, D., Fontaine20, J. -C., Goerlach, U., Grimault, C., Gross, L., Haas, C., Krauth, M., Le Bihan, A. -C., Nibigira, E., Ollivier-henry, N., Silva Jiménez, E., Van Hove Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I ), P., Villeurbanne, Asilar, France E., Baulieu, G., Beauceron, S., Bernet, C., Boudoul, G., Camen, C., Caponetto, L., Carle, A., Chanon, N., Contardo, D., Dené, P., Depasse, P., Dupasquier, T., El Mamouni, H., Fay, J., Galbit, G., Gascon, S., Gouze- vitch, M., Ille, B., Laktineh, I. B., Lattaud, H., Lesauvage, A., Lethuillier, M., Lumb, N., Mirabito, L., Nodari, B., Perries, S., Shchablo, K., Sordini, V., Torterotot, L., Touquet, G., Vander Donckt, M., Viret Georgian Technical University, S., Tbilisi, Lomidze, Georgia I., Toriashvili21, T., Tsamalaidze14 RWTH Aachen University, Z., Physikalisches Institut, I., Aachen, Autermann, Germany C., Botta, V., Feld, L., Karpinski, W., Kiesel, M. K., Klein, K., Lipinski, M., Louis, D., Meuser, D., Pauls, A., Pierschel, G., Rauch, M. P., Röwert, N., Schomakers, C., Schulz, J., Teroerde, M., Wlochal RWTH Aachen University, M., Physikalisches Institut A, Iii., Dodonova, Ger- many A., Eliseev, D., Erdmann, M., Fackeldey, P., Fischer, B., Hebbeker, T., Hoepfner, K., Ivone, F., Mastrolorenzo, L., and Methods in Physics Research, M. 37 The CMS Collaboration Nuclear Inst., A 1037 (2022) 166795 Merschmeyer, Meyer, A., Mocellin, G., Mondal, S., Mukherjee, S., Noll, D., Novak, A., Pook, T., Pozdnyakov, A., Rath, Y., Reithler, H., Roemer, J., Schmidt, A., Schuler, S. C., Sharma, A., Vigilante, L., Wiedenbeck, S., Zaleski RWTH Aachen University, S., Physikalisches Institut B, Iii., Dziwok, Ger- many C., Flügge, G., Haj Ahmad22, W., Hlushchenko, O., Kress, T., Nowack, A., Pistone, C., Pooth, O., Roy, D., Sert, H., Stahl18, A., Ziemons, T., Zotz Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, A., Hamburg, Aarup Petersen, Germany H., Aldaya Martin, M., Asmuss, P., Baxter, S., Bayat- makou, M., Behnke, O., Bermúdez Martínez, A., Bertsche, D., Bhattacharya, S., Bin Anuar, A. A., Borras23, K., Brunner, D., Campbell, A., Cardini, A., Cheng, C., Colombina, F., Consuegra Rodríguez, S., Correia Silva, G., Danilov, V., De Silva, M., Didukh, L., Domínguez Damiani, D., Eckerlin, G., Eckstein, D., Estevez Banos, L. I., Filatov, O., Gallo24, E., Geiser, A., Giraldi, A., Grados Luyando, J. M., Grohsjean, A., Guthoff, M., Jafari25, A., Jomhari, N. Z., Jung, H., Kasem23, A., Kasemann, M., Kaveh, H., Kleinwort, C., Krücker, D., Lange, W., Lidrych, J., Lipka, K., Lohmann26, W., Mankel, R., Maser, H., Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A., Mendizabal Morentin, M., Metwally, J., Meyer, A. B., Meyer, M., Mittag, G., Mnich, J., Muhl, C., Mussgiller, A., Otarid, Y., Pérez Adán, D., Pitzl, D., Raspereza, A., Reichelt, O., Ribeiro Lopes, B., Rübenach, J., Saggio, A., Saibel, A., Savitskyi, M., Scham27, M., Scheurer, V., Schütze, P., Schwanenberger24, C., Shchedrolosiev, M., Shevchenko, R., Sosa Ricardo, R. E., Stafford, D., Stever, R., Tonon, N., Van De Klundert, M., Velyka, A., Walsh, R., Walter, D., Wen, Y., Wichmann, K., Wiens, L., Wissing, C., Wuchterl, S., Zuber University of Hamburg, A., Aggleton, Germany R., Albrecht, S., Bein, S., Benato, L., Biskop, H., Buhmann, P., Connor, P., De Leo, K., Eich, M., Feindt, F., Fröhlich, A., Garbers, C., Garutti, E., Gunnellini, P., Hajheidari, M., Haller, J., Hinzmann, A., Jabusch, H. R., Kasieczka, G., Klanner, R., Kogler, R., Kramer, T., Kutzner, V., Lange, J., Lange, T., Lobanov, A., Malara, A., Martens, S., Mrowietz, M., Niemeyer, C. E. N., Nigamova, A., Nissan, Y., Pena Rodriguez, K. J., Rieger, O., Schleper, P., Schröder, M., Schwandt, J., Sonneveld, J., Stadie, H., Steinbrück, G., Tews, A., Vormwald, B., Wellhausen, J., Zoi Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, I., Karlsruhe, Ardila-Perez, Germany L. E., Balzer, M., Barvich, T., Bechtel, J., Blank, T., Brom- mer, S., Burkart, M., Butz, E., Caselle, M., Caspart, R., Chwalek, T., De Boer†, W., Dierlamm, A., Droll, A., El Morabit, K., Faltermann, N., Giffels, M., Gosewisch, J. o., Gottmann, A., Hartmann18, F., Heidecker, C., Husemann, U., Keicher, P., Koppenhofer, R., Maier, S., Metzler, M., Mitra, S., Müller, Th., Neufeld, M., Neukum, M., Nürnberg, A., Quast, G., Rabbertz, K., Rauser, J., Sander, O., Savoiu, D., Schell, D., Schnepf, M., Seith, D., Shvetsov, I., Simonis, H. J., Stanulla, J., Steck, P., Ulrich, R., Van Der Linden, J., Von Cube, R. F., Wassmer, M., Weber, M., Weddigen, A., Wieland, S., Wittig, F., Wolf, R., Wozniewski, S., Wunsch Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP), S., Ncsr, Demokritos, Aghia, Paraskevi, Anagnostou, Greece G., Assiouras, P., Daskalakis, G., Geralis, T., Kazas, I., Kyriakis, A., Loukas, D., Papadopoulos, A., Stakia National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, A., Athens, Diamantopoulou, Greece M., Karasavvas, D., Karathanasis, G., Kontaxakis, P., Koraka, C. K., Manousakis-Katsikakis, A., Panagiotou, A., Papavergou, I., Saoulidou, N., Theofilatos, K., Tziaferi, E., Vellidis, K., Vourliotis National Technical University of Athens, E., Bakas, Greece G., Kousouris, K., Papakrivopoulos, I., Tsipolitis, G., Zacharopoulou, A., Zografos University of Ioánnina, A., Ioánnina, Adamidis, Greece K., Bestintzanos, I., Evangelou, I., Foudas, C., Gianneios, P., Katsoulis, P., Kokkas, P., Manthos, N., Papadopoulos, I., Strologas MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, J., Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Csanad, Hungary M., Farkas, K., Gadallah28, M. M. A., Lökös29, S., Major, P., Mandal, K., Mehta, A., Pasztor, G., Rd ́l, A. J., Surányi, O., Veres Wigner Research Centre for Physics, G. I., Balazs, Hungary T., Bartók30, M., Bencze, G., Hajdu, C., Horvath31, D., Márton, K., Sikler, F., Veszpremi Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, V., Debrecen, Czellar, Hungary S., Karancsi30, J., Molnar, J., Szillasi, Z., Teyssier Institute of Physics, D., University of Debrecen, Raics, Hungary P., Trocsanyi32, Z. L., Ujvari Karoly Robert Campus, B., MATE Institute of Technology, Gyongyos, Csorgo33, Hun- gary T., Nemes33, F., Novak Indian Institute of Science (IISc), T., Bangalore, Choudhury, India S., Komaragiri, J. R., Kumar, D., Panwar, L., Tiwari National Institute of Science Education and Research, P. C., Hbni, Bhubaneswar, Bahinipati34, India S., Das, A. K., Kar, C., Mal, P., Mishra, T., Mohanty, R., Muraleedharan Nair Bindhu35, V. K., Nayak35, A., Saha, P., Sur, N., Swain, S. K., Vats35 Punjab University, D., Chandigarh, Bansal, India S., Beri, S. B., Bhatnagar, V., Chaudhary, G., Chauhan, S., Dhingra36, N., Gupta, R., Kaur, A., Kaur, M., Kaur, S., Kumari, P., Meena, M., Sandeep, K., Singh, J. B., Virdi University of Delhi, A. K., Delhi, Ahmed, India A., Bhardwaj, A., Choudhary, B. C., Gola, M., Jain, C., Jain, G., Keshri, S., Kumar, A., Naimuddin, M., Priyanka, P., Ranjan, K., Saumya, S., Shah Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, A., Hbni, Kolkata, Bharti37, India M., Bhattacharya, R., Bhowmik, D., Dutta, S., Gomber38, B., Maity39, M., Palit, P., Rout, P. K., Saha, G., Sahu, B., Sarkar, S., Sharan, M., Singh37, B., Thakur37 Indian Institute of Technology Madras, S., Madras, Behera, India P. K., Behera, S. C., Kalbhor, P., Muhammad, A., Pradhan, R., Pujahari, P. R., Sikdar Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, A. K., Mumbai, Dutta, India D., Jha, V., Kumar, V., Mishra, D. K., Naskar40, K., Netrakanti, P. K., Pant, L. M., Shukla Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-A, P., Aziz, India T., Dugad, S., Kumar Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-B, M., Banerjee, India S., Chudasama, R., Guchait, M., Karmakar, S., Kumar, S., Majumder, G., Mazumdar, K., Mukherjee Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), S., Pune, Alpana, India K., Dube, S., Kansal, B., Laha, A., Pandey, S., Rane, A., Rastogi, A., and Methods in Physics Research, S. Sharma 38 The CMS Collaboration Nuclear Inst., A 1037 (2022) 166795 Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Bakhshiansohi12, Iran H., Khazaie, E., Zeinali41 Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), M., Tehran, Abbas, Iran S. M., Chenarani42, S., Etesami, S. M., Khakzad, M., Mohammadi Najafabadi University College Dublin, M., Dublin, Bari, Italy, Bari, Ramos, D., Bologna, Italy, Bologna, Lo Meoa, S., Grosso, G., Lusiani, E., Pavia, Italy, Pavia, Perugia, Italy, Peru-, Gia, Baldinelli, G., Bianchi, F., Magherinib, M., Pisa, Italy, Italy, Albergo, S., Costa, S., Di Mattia, A., Saizu, M. A., Tricomi, A., Tuve, C., Potenza, R., Catania, Italy, Manca, Mandorli, G., Massa, M., Mazzoni, E., Messineo, A., Scrib- anoa, A., Firenze, Italy, Firenze, Frascati, Benussi, Italy L., Bianco, S., Genova, Italy, Gen-, Ova, Milano, Italy, Milano, Boldrini, G., Pinolini, B. S., Napoli, Italy, Potenza, Italy, Padova, Italy, Trento, Beccherle, R., Rome, Italy, Rome, Torino, Italy, Novara, Coli, S., Rivettia, A., Trieste, Italy, Trieste, Daegu, Dogra, Korea S., Huh, C., Kim, B., Kim, D. H., Kim, G. N., Kim, J., Lee, J., Lee, S. W., Moon, C. S., Y. D., Oh, Pak, S. I., Radburn-Smith, B. C., Sekmen, S., Yang Chonnam National University, Y. C., Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Kim, Korea H., D’Amantea, V., Di Domenicoa, M. R., D, A 1037 (2022) 166795 Hanyang University, Seoul, Francois, Korea B., Kim, T. J., Park Korea University, J., Cho, Korea S., Choi, S., Go, Y., Hong, B., Lee, K. S., Lim, J., Park, J., Park, S. K., Yoo Kyung Hee University, J., Department of Physics, Republic of Korea, Goh, Korea J., Gurtu Sejong University, A., Kim, Korea H. S., Kim Seoul National University, Y., Almond, Korea J., Bhyun, J. H., Choi, J., Jeon, S., Kim, J. S., Ko, S., Kwon, H., Lee, H., Lee, S., B. H., Oh, Oh, M., S. B., Oh, Seo, H., Yang, U. K., Yoon University of Seoul, I., Jang, Korea W., Kang, D. Y., Kang, Y., Kim, S., Ko, B., Lee, J. S. H., Lee, Y., Park, I. C., Roh, Y., Ryu, M. S., Song, D., Watson, I. J., Yang Yonsei University, S., Korea S., Ha, Yoo Sungkyunkwan University, H. D., Suwon, Choi, Korea M., Yu College of Engineering and Technology, I., American University of the Middle East (AUM), Egaila, Kuwait, Dasman, Beyrouthy, Kuwait T., Maghrbi Riga Technical University, Y., Riga, Veckalns49 Vilnius University, Latvia V., Vilnius, Ambrozas, Lithuania M., Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, A., Juodagalvis, A., Rinkevicius, A., Tamulaitis National Centre for Particle Physics, G., Universiti, Malaya, Kuala, Lumpur, Bin Norjoharuddeen, Malaysia N., Wan Abdullah, W. A. T., Yusli, M. N., Zolkapli Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Z., Hermosillo, Benitez, Mexico J. F., Castaneda Hernandez, A., Coello, M. León., Murillo Quijada, J. A., Sehrawat, A., Valencia Palomo Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, L., Mexico, City, Ayala, Mexico G., Castilla-Valdez, H., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., Heredia-De La Cruz50, I., Lopezfernandez, R., Mondragon Herrera, C. A., Perez Navarro, D. A., Sánchez Hernández Universidad Iberoamericana, A., Carrillo Moreno, Mexico S., Oropeza Barrera, C., Vazquez Valencia Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, F., Puebla, Pedraza, Mexico I., Salazar Ibarguen, H. A., Uribe Estrada University of Montenegro, C., Podgorica, Mijuskovic51, Montenegro J., Raicevic University of Auckland, N., Auckland, Krofcheck University of Canterbury, New Zealand D., Christchurch, Butler National Centre for Physics, New Zealand P. H., Quaid-I-Azam, University, Islamabad, Ahmad, Pak- istan A., Asghar, M. I., Awais, A., Awan, M. I. M., Hoorani, H. R., Khan, W. A., Shah, M. 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Á., You The University of Kansas, C., Lawrence, Kansas, Abreu, USA A., Anguiano, J., Baldenegro Barrera, C., Baringer, P., Bean, A., Bylinkin, A., Flowers, Z., Isidori, T., Khalil, S., King, J., Krintiras, G., Kropivnitskaya, A., Lazarovits, M., Lindsey, C., Marquez, J., Minafra, N., Murray, M., Nickel, M., Rogan, C., Royon, C., Salvatico, R., Sanders, S., Schmitz, E., Smith, C., Tapia Takaki, J. D., Wang, Q., Warner, Z., Williams, J., Wilson Kansas State University, G., Manhattan, Kansas, Duric, USA S., Ivanov, A., Kaadze, K., Kim, D., Maravin, Y., Mitchell, T., Modak, A., Nam, K., Taylor Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, R., Livermore, California, Rebassoo, USA F., Wright University of Maryland, D., College, Park, Maryland, Adams, USA E., Baden, A., Baron, O., Belloni, A., Eno, S. C., Hadley, N. J., Jabeen, S., Kellogg, R. G., Koeth, T., Mignerey, A. 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R., Fangmeier, C., Finco, L., Golf, F., Joo, C., Kravchenko, I., Meier, F., Musich, M., Reed, I., Siado, J. E., Snow†, G. R., Tabb, W., Yan, F., Zecchinelli State University of New York at Buffalo, A. G., Buffalo, Agarwal, USA G., Bandyopadhyay, H., Hay, L., Iashvili, I., Kharchilava, A., Mclean, C., Nguyen, D., Pekkanen, J., Rappoccio, S., Williams Northeastern University, A., Alverson, USA G., Barberis, E., Haddad, Y., Hortiangtham, A., Li, J., Madi- gan, G., Marzocchi, B., Morse, D. M., Nguyen, V., Orimoto, T., Parker, A., Skinnari, L., Tishelman-Charny, A., Wamorkar, T., Wang, B., Wisecarver, A., Wood Northwestern University, D., Evanston, Illinois, Bhattacharya, USA S., Bueghly, J., Chen, Z., Gilbert, A., Gunter, T., Hahn, K. A., Liu, Y., Odell, N., Schmitt, M. H., Sung, K., Velasco University of Notre Dame, M., Notre, Dame, Indiana, Band, USA R., Bucci, R., Das, A., Dev, N., Goldouzian, R., Hildreth, M., Hurtado Anampa, K., Jessop, C., Lannon, K., Lawrence, J., Loukas, N., Lut- ton, D., Marinelli, N., Mcalister, I., Mccauley, T., Mcgrady, C., Mohrman, K., Musienko52, Y., Ruchti, R., Siddireddy, P., Townsend, A., Wayne, M., Wightman, A., Zarucki, M., Zygala The Ohio State University, L., Columbus, Ohio, Bylsma, USA B., Cardwell, B., Durkin, L. S., Francis, B., Hill, C., Nunez Ornelas, M., Wei, K., Winer, B. L., Yates Princeton University, B. R., Princeton, New, Jersey, Addesa, USA F. M., Bonham, B., Das, P., Dezoort, G., Elmer, P., Frankenthal, A., Greenberg, B., Haubrich, N., Higginbotham, S., Kalogeropoulos, A., Kopp, G., Kwan, S., Lange, D., Marlow, D., Mei, K., Ojalvo, I., Olsen, J., Stickland, D., Tully University of Puerto Rico, C., Mayaguez, Puerto, Rico, Malik, USA S., Norberg, S., Ramirez Vargas Purdue University, J. E., West, Lafayette, Bakshi, USA A. S., Barnes, V. E., Chawla, R., Das, S., Gutay, L., Jones, M., Jung, A. W., Karmarkar, S., Kondratyev, D., Koshy, A. M., Liu, M., Negro, G., Neumeister, N., Paspalaki, G., Piperov, S., Purohit, A., Schulte, J. F., Stojanovic19, M., Thieman, J., Wang, F., Xiao, R., Xie Purdue University Northwest, W., Hammond, Indiana, Dolen, USA J., Parashar Rice University, N., Houston, Texas, Baty, USA A., Decaro, M., Dildick, S., Ecklund, K. M., Freed, S., Gardner, P., Geurts, F. J. M., Li, W., Liu, H., Nussbaum, T., Padley, B. P., Redjimi, R., Shi, W., Stahl Leiton, A. G., Yang, S., Zhang, L., Zhang University of Rochester, Y., Rochester, Bodek, USA A., de Barbaro, P., Demina, R., Dulemba, J. L., Fallon, C., Ferbel, T., Galanti, M., Garcia-Bellido, A., Hindrichs, O., Khukhunaishvili, A., Ranken, E., Taus Rutgers, R., The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, Bartz, USA E., Chiarito, B., Chou, J. P., Gandrakota, A., Gershtein, Y., Halki- adakis, E., Hart, A., Heindl, M., Karacheban26, O., Laflotte, I., Lath, A., Montalvo, R., Nash, K., Osherson, M., Salur, S., Schnetzer, S., Somalwar, S., Stone, R., Thayil, S. A., Thomas, S., Wang University of Tennessee, H., Knoxville, Tennessee, Acharya, USA H., Delannoy, A. G., Fiorendi, S., Spanier Texas A&, S., University, M, College, Station, Texas, Bouhali98, USA O., Dalchenko, M., Delgado, A., Eusebi, R., Gilmore, J., and Methods in Physics Research, T. 43 The CMS Collaboration Nuclear Inst., A 1037 (2022) 166795 Huang, Kamon99, T., Kim, H., Luo, S., Malhotra, S., Mueller, R., Overton, D., Rathjens, D., Safonov Texas Tech University, A., Lubbock, Texas, Akchurin, USA N., Damgov, J., Hegde, V., Kunori, S., Lamichhane, K., Mengke, T., Muthumuni, S., Peltola, T., Volobouev, I., Whitbeck Vanderbilt University, A., Nashville, Tennessee, Appelt, USA E., D’Angelo, P., Greene, S., Gurrola, A., Johns, W., Melo, A., Ni, H., Padeken, K., Romeo, F., Sheldon, P., Tuo, S., Velkovska University of Virginia, J., Charlottesville, Virginia, Arenton, USA M. W., Cox, B., Cummings, G., Hakala, J., Hirosky, R., Joyce, M., Ledovskoy, A., Li, A., Neu, C., Perez Lara, C. E., Tannenwald, B., White, S., Wolfe Wayne State University, E., Detroit, Michigan, Poudyal University of Wisconsin - Madison, USA N., Madison, Wi, Wisconsin, Black, USA K., Bose, T., Caillol, C., Dasu, S., De Bruyn, I., Everaerts, P., Fienga, F., Galloni, C., He, H., Herndon, M., Hervé, A., Hussain, U., Lanaro, A., Loeliger, A., Loveless, R., Madhusudanan Sreekala, J., Mallampalli, A., Mohammadi, A., Pinna, D., Savin, A., Shang, V., Smith, W. H., Teague, D., Trembath-Reichert, S., Vetens 30 Also at Institute of Physics, W., Hungary 31 Also at Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Hungary 32 Also at MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Hungary 33 Also at Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungary 34 Also at IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India 35 Also at Institute of Physics, Khalsa College, India 36 Also at G. H. G., Punjab, India 37 Also at Shoolini University, Solan, India 38 Also at University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India 39 Also at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India 40 Also at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), India 41 Also at Sharif University of Technology, Iran 42 Also at Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran 43 Now at INFN Sezione di Bari, Università di Bari, Politecnico di Bari, Italy 44 Also at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Italy 45 Also at Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare, e di Struttura Della Materia, Catania, Italy 46 Also at Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest, Romania 47 Also at Universita di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy 48 Also at Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Perugia, Italy 49 Also at Riga Technical University, Latvia 50 Also at Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, y Tecnología, Mexico 51 Also at IRFU, France 52 Also at Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia 53 Now at National Research Nuclear University ‘Moscow Engineering Physics Institute’ (MEPhI), Russia 54 Also at Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Petersburg Polytechnic University, Uzbekistan 55 Also at St., Petersburg, St., Russia 56 Also at University of Florida, USA 57 Also at Imperial College, Lebedev Physical Institute, United Kingdom 58 Also at P. N., Russia 59 Also at California Institute of Technology, USA 60 Also at INFN Sezione di Padova, Università di Padova, Università di Trento, Trento, Italy, Padova, Italy 61 Also at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russia 62 Also at Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Serbia 63 Also at Trincomalee Campus, Eastern, University, Sri, Lanka, Nilaveli, Sri Lanka 64 Also at INFN Sezione di Pavia, Università di Pavia, Italy 65 Also at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece 66 Also at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzer- land 67 Also at Universität Zürich, Switzerland 68 Also at Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austria 69 Also at Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3-CNRS, Annecyle-Vieux, France 70 Also at Şırnak University, Sirnak, Turkey 71 Also at Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Science, Turkey 72 Also at Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey 73 Also at Piri Reis University, Turkey 74 Also at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey 75 Also at Ozyegin University, Turkey 76 Also at Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey 77 Also at Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey 78 Also at Bozok Universitetesi Rektörlügü, Yozgat, Turkey † Deceased, 1 Also at TU Wien, Wien, Austria, 2 Also at Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt 3 Also 4 Also 5 Also 6 Also 7 Also 8 Also, 9 Also 10 Also at Nanjing Normal University Department of Physics, Nanjing, China 11 Now at The University of Iowa, USA 12 Also at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Alikhanov of NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Germany 13 Also at Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A. I., Russia 14 Also at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia 15 Also at Cairo University, Egypt 16 Also at Suez University, Suez, Egypt 17 Now at British University in Egypt, Egypt 18 Also at CERN, Switzerland 19 Also at Purdue University, USA 20 Also at Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France 21 Also at Tbilisi State University, Georgia 22 Also at Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey 23 Also at RWTH Aachen University, Germany 24 Also at University of Hamburg, Germany 25 Also at Isfahan University of Technology, Iran 26 Also at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany 27 Also at Forschungszentrum Julich, Juelich, Germany 28 Also at Physics Department, Assiut, University, Assiut, Egypt 29 Also at Karoly Robert Campus, Hungary at Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto, Alegre, Brazil at The University of the State of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China at Department of Physics, China at UFMS, Nova, Andradina, and Methods in Physics Research, Brazil 44 The CMS Collaboration Nuclear Inst., A 1037 (2022) 166795 79 Also at Marmara University, Turkey 80 Also at Milli Savunma University, Turkey 81 Also at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey 82 Also at Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey 83 Also at Hacettepe University, Turkey 84 Also at Istanbul University, - Cerrahpasa, Turkey 85 Also at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium 86 Also at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom 87 Also at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, United Kingdom 88 Also at IPPP Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom 89 Also at Monash University, Clayton, Australia 90 Also at Universitá di Torino, Torino, Italy 91 Also at Bethel University, Paul, St., Minneapolis, USA 92 Also at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 93 Also at Ain Shams University, Egypt 94 Also at Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey 95 Also at Georgian Technical University, Georgia 96 Also at Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey 97 Also at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey 98 Also at Texas A, M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar 99 Also at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, Universidad de Cantabria, CMS Collaboration, The CMS Collaboration, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Zurich, Belforte, S., Candelise, V., Casarsa, M., Cossutti, F., DA ROLD, A., DELLA RICCA, G., Sorrentino, G., Vazzoler, F., ET AL (the CMS, Collaboration), Tumasyan, A, Adam, W, Andrejkovic, JW, Bergauer, T, Bloch, D, Chatterjee, S, Dragicevic, M, Del Valle, AE, Fruwirth, R, Hinger, V, Jeitler, M, Krammer, N, Lechner, L, Liko, D, Mikulec, I, Paulitsch, P, Pitters, FM, Schieck, J, Schofbeck, R, Schwarz, D, Steininger, H, Templ, S, Waltenberger, W, Wulz, E, Chekhovsky, V, Litomin, A, Makarenko, V, Beaumont, W, Darwish, MR, De Wolf, EA, Janssen, T, Kello, T, Lelek, A, Sfar, HR, Van Mechelen, P, Van Putte, S, Van Remortel, N, Blekman, F, Bols, ES, D'Hondt, J, Delcourt, M, El Faham, H, Lowette, S, Moortgat, S, Morton, A, Muller, D, Sahasransu, AR, Tavernier, S, Van Doninck, W, Van Mulders, P, Allard, Y, Beghin, D, Bilin, B, Clerbaux, B, De Lentdecker, G, Deng, W, Favart, L, Grebenyuk, A, Hohov, D, Kalsi, AK, Khalilzadeh, A, Lee, K, Mahdavikhorrami, M, Makarenko, I, Moureaux, L, Petre, L, Popov, A, Postiau, N, Robert, F, Song, Z, Starling, E, Thomas, L, Vanden Bemden, M, Vander Velde, C, Vanlaer, P, Vannerom, D, Wezenbeek, L, Yang, Y, Cornelis, T, Dobur, D, Knolle, J, Lambrecht, L, Mestdach, G, Niedziela, M, Roskas, C, Samalan, A, Skovpen, K, Tytgat, M, Vermassen, B, Vit, M, Benecke, A, Bethani, A, Bruno, G, Bury, F, Caputo, C, David, P, Deblaere, A, Delaere, C, Donertas, IS, Giammanco, A, Jaffel, K, Jain, S, Lemaitre, V, Mondal, K, Prisciandaro, J, Szilasi, N, Taliercio, A, Teklishyn, M, Tran, TT, Vischia, P, Wertz, S, Alves, GA, Hensel, C, Moraes, A, Alda, WL, Pereira, MAG, Ferreira, MB, Malbouisson, HB, Carvalho, W, Chinellato, J, Da Costa, EM, Da Silveira, GG, Damiao, DD, De Souza, SF, Figueiredo, DM, Herrera, CM, Amarilo, KM, Mundim, L, Nogima, H, Teles, PR, Santoro, A, Do Amaral, SMS, Sznajder, A, Thiel, M, De Araujo, FTD, Pereira, AV, Bernardes, CA, Calligaris, L, Tomei, TRFP, Gregores, EM, Lemos, DS, Mercadante, PG, Novaes, SF, Padula, SS, Aleksandrov, A, Antchev, G, Hadjiiska, R, Iaydjiev, P, Misheva, M, Rodozov, M, Shopova, M, Sultanov, G, Dimitrov, A, Ivanov, T, Litov, L, Pavlov, B, Petkov, P, Petrov, A, Cheng, T, Javaid, T, Mittal, M, Wang, H, Yuan, L, Ahmad, M, Bauer, G, Dozen, C, Hu, Z, Martins, J, Wang, Y, Yi, K, Chapon, E, Chen, GM, Chen, HS, Chen, M, Iemmi, F, Kapoor, A, Leggat, D, Liao, H, Liu, A, Milosevic, V, Monti, F, Sharma, R, Tao, J, Thomas-Wilsker, J, Wang, J, Zhang, H, Zhao, J, Agapitos, A, An, Y, Ban, Y, Chen, C, Levin, A, Li, Q, Lyu, X, Mao, Y, Qian, SJ, Wang, D, Wang, Q, Lu, M, You, Z, Gao, X, Okawa, H, Lin, Z, Xiao, M, Avila, C, Cabrera, A, Florez, C, Fraga, J, Guisao, JM, Ramirez, F, Alvarez, JDR, Gonzalez, CAS, Giljanovic, D, Godinovic, N, Lelas, D, Puljak, I, Antunovic, Z, Kovac, M, Sculac, T, Brigljevic, V, Ferencek, D, Majumder, D, Mishra, S, Roguljic, M, Starodumov, A, Susa, T, Attikis, A, Christoforou, K, Erodotou, E, Ioannou, A, Kole, G, Kolosova, M, Konstantinou, S, Mousa, J, Nicolaou, C, Ptochos, F, Razis, PA, Rykaczewski, H, Saka, H, Finger, M, Kveton, A, Ayala, E, Jarrin, EC, Abdalla, H, Assran, Y, Mahmoud, MA, Mohammed, Y, Ahmed, I, Bhowmik, S, Dewanjee, RK, Ehataht, K, Kadastik, M, Nandan, S, Nielsen, C, Pata, J, Raidal, M, Tani, L, Veelken, C, Eerola, P, Forthomme, L, Kirschenmann, H, Osterberg, K, Voutilainen, M, Bharthuar, S, Brucken, E, Garcia, F, Havukainen, J, Kim, MS, Kinnunen, R, Lampen, T, Lassila-Perini, K, Lehti, S, Linden, T, Lotti, M, Martikainen, L, Myllymaki, M, Ott, J, Siikonen, H, Tuominen, E, Tuominiemi, J, Luukka, P, Petrow, H, Tuuva, T, Amendola, C, Besancon, M, Couderc, F, Dejardin, M, Denegri, D, Faure, JL, Ferri, F, Ganjour, S, Givernaud, A, Gras, P, de Monchenault, GH, Jarry, P, Lenzi, B, Locci, E, Malcles, J, Rander, J, Rosowsky, A, Sahin, MO, Savoy-Navarro, A, Titov, M, Yu, GB, Ahuja, S, Beaudette, F, Bonanomi, M, Perraguin, AB, Busson, P, Cappati, A, Charlot, C, Davignon, O, Diab, B, Falmagne, G, Ghosh, S, de Cassagnac, RG, Hakimi, A, Kucher, I, Motta, J, Nguyen, M, Ochando, C, Paganini, P, Rembser, J, Salerno, R, Sarkar, U, Sauvan, JB, Sirois, Y, Tarabini, A, Zabi, A, Zghiche, A, Agram, L, Andrea, J, Apparu, D, Bonnin, C, Bourgatte, G, Brom, JM, Chabert, EC, Charles, L, Collard, C, Dangelser, E, Darej, D, Fontaine, C, Goerlach, U, Grimault, C, Gross, L, Haas, C, Krauth, M, Le Bihan, AC, Nibigira, E, Ollivier-henry, N, Jimenez, ES, Van Hove, P, Asilar, E, Baulieu, G, Beauceron, S, Bernet, C, Boudoul, G, Camen, C, Caponetto, L, Carle, A, Chanon, N, Contardo, D, Dene, P, Depasse, P, Dupasquier, T, El Mamouni, H, Fay, J, Galbit, G, Gascon, S, Gouzevitch, M, Ille, B, Laktineh, IB, Lattaud, H, Lesauvage, A, Lethuillier, M, Lumb, N, Mirabito, L, Nodari, B, Perries, S, Shchablo, K, Sordini, V, Torterotot, L, Touquet, G, Vander Donckt, M, Viret, S, Lomidze, I, Toriashvili, T, Tsamalaidze, Z, Autermann, C, Botta, V, Feld, L, Karpinski, W, Kiesel, MK, Klein, K, Lipinski, M, Louis, D, Meuser, D, Pauls, A, Pierschel, G, Rauch, MP, Rowert, N, Schomakers, C, Schulz, J, Teroerde, M, Wlochal, M, Dodonova, A, Eliseev, D, Erdmann, M, Fackeldey, P, Fischer, B, Hebbeker, T, Hoepfner, K, Ivone, F, Mastrolorenzo, L, Merschmeyer, M, Meyer, A, Mocellin, G, Mondal, S, Mukherjee, S, Noll, D, Novak, A, Pook, T, Pozdnyakov, A, Rath, Y, Reithler, H, Roemer, J, Schmidt, A, Schuler, SC, Sharma, A, Vigilante, L, Wiedenbeck, S, Zaleski, S, Dziwok, C, Flugge, G, Ahmad, WH, Hlushchenko, O, Kress, T, Nowack, A, Pistone, C, Pooth, O, Roy, D, Sert, H, Stahl, A, Ziemons, T, Zotz, A, Petersen, HA, Martin, MA, Asmuss, P, Baxter, S, Bayatmakou, M, Behnke, O, Martinez, AB, Bertsche, D, Bhattacharya, S, Bin Anuar, AA, Borras, K, Brunner, D, Campbell, A, Cardini, A, Cheng, C, Colombina, F, Rodriguez, SC, Silva, GC, Danilov, V, De Silva, M, Didukh, L, Damiani, DD, Eckerlin, G, Eckstein, D, Banos, LIE, Filatov, O, Gallo, E, Geiser, A, Giraldi, A, Luyando, JMG, Grohsjean, A, Guthoff, M, Jafari, A, Jomhari, NZ, Jung, H, Kasem, A, Kasemann, M, Kaveh, H, Kleinwort, C, Krucker, D, Lange, W, Lidrych, J, Lipka, K, Lohmann, W, Mankel, R, Maser, H, Melzer-Pellmann, IA, Morentin, MM, Metwally, J, Meyer, AB, Meyer, M, Mittag, G, Mnich, J, Muhl, C, Mussgiller, A, Otarid, Y, Adan, DP, Pitzl, D, Raspereza, A, Reichelt, O, Lopes, BR, Rubenach, J, Saggio, A, Saibel, A, Savitskyi, M, Scham, M, Scheurer, V, Schutze, P, Schwanenberger, C, Shchedrolosiev, M, Shevchenko, R, Ricardo, RES, Stafford, D, Stever, R, Tonon, N, Van De Klundert, M, Velyka, A, Walsh, R, Walter, D, Wen, Y, Wichmann, K, Wiens, L, Wissing, C, Wuchterl, S, Zuber, A, 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S, Monroy, J, Fuentes, YP, Patterson, JR, Quach, D, Reichert, J, Reid, M, Riley, D, Ryd, A, Smolenski, K, Strohman, C, Sun, W, Thom, J, Wittich, P, Zou, R, Albrow, M, Alyari, M, Apollinari, G, Apresyan, A, Apyan, A, Bakshi, A, Bauerdick, LAT, Berry, D, Berryhill, J, Bhat, PC, Burkett, K, Butler, D, Butler, JN, Canepa, A, Cerati, GB, Cheung, HWK, Chlebana, F, Cremonesi, M, Derylo, G, Di Petrillo, KF, Dickinson, J, Elvira, VD, Feng, Y, Freeman, J, Gecse, Z, Ghosh, A, Gingu, C, Gonzalez, H, Gray, L, Green, D, Grunendahl, S, Gutsche, O, Harris, RM, Heller, R, Herwig, TC, Hirschauer, J, Jayatilaka, B, Jindariani, S, Johnson, M, Joshi, U, Klabbers, P, Klijnsma, T, Klima, B, Kwok, KHM, Lammel, S, Lei, CM, Lincoln, D, Lipton, R, Liu, T, Madrid, C, Maeshima, K, Mantilla, C, Mason, D, McBride, P, Merkel, P, Mrenna, S, Nahn, S, Ngadiuba, J, O'Dell, V, Papadimitriou, V, Pedro, K, Pena, C, Prokofyev, O, Ravera, F, Hall, AR, Ristori, L, Sexton-Kennedy, E, Smith, N, Soha, A, Spalding, WJ, Spiegel, L, Stoynev, S, Strait, J, Taylor, L, Tkaczyk, S, Tran, NV, Uplegger, L, Vaandering, EW, Voirin, E, Weber, HA, Acosta, D, Avery, P, Bourilkov, D, Cadamuro, L, Cherepanov, V, Errico, F, Field, RD, Guerrero, D, Joshi, BM, Kim, M, Koenig, E, Konigsberg, J, Korytov, A, Lo, KH, Matchev, K, Menendez, N, Mitselmakher, G, Madhu, AM, Rawal, N, Rosenzweig, D, Rosenzweig, S, Rotter, J, Shi, K, Sturdy, J, Yigitbasi, E, Zuo, X, Adams, T, Askew, A, Habibullah, R, Hagopian, V, Johnson, KF, Khurana, R, Kolberg, T, Martinez, G, Prosper, H, Schiber, C, Viazlo, O, Yohay, R, Zhang, J, Baarmand, MM, Butalla, S, Elkafrawy, T, Hohlmann, M, Verma, RK, Noonan, D, Rahmani, M, Yumiceva, F, Adams, MR, Gonzalez, HB, Cavanaugh, R, Chen, X, Dittmer, S, Evdokimov, A, Evdokimov, O, Gerber, CE, Hangal, DA, Hofman, DJ, Merrit, AH, Mills, C, Oh, G, Roy, T, Rudrabhatla, S, Tonjes, MB, Varelas, N, Viinikainen, J, Wang, X, Wu, Z, Ye, Z, Alhusseini, M, Dilsiz, K, Durgut, S, Gandrajula, RP, Koseyan, OK, Merlo, JP, Mestvirishvili, A, Nachtman, J, Ogul, H, Onel, Y, Penzo, A, Rude, C, Snyder, C, Tiras, E, Amram, O, Blumenfeld, B, Corcodilos, L, Davis, J, De Havenon, V, Eminizer, M, Feingold, J, Gritsan, AV, Kang, L, Kyriacou, S, Maksimovic, P, Martin, C, Roskes, J, Sullivan, K, Swartz, M, Vami, TA, You, C, Abreu, A, Anguiano, J, Barrera, CB, Baringer, P, Bean, A, Bylinkin, A, Flowers, Z, Isidori, T, Khalil, S, King, J, Krintiras, G, Kropivnitskaya, A, Lazarovits, M, Lindsey, C, Marquez, J, Minafra, N, Murray, M, Nickel, M, Rogan, C, Royon, C, Salvatico, R, Sanders, S, Schmitz, E, Smith, C, Takaki, JDT, Warner, Z, Williams, J, Wilson, G, Duric, S, Ivanov, A, Kaadze, K, Kim, D, Maravin, Y, Mitchell, T, Modak, A, Nam, K, Taylor, R, Rebassoo, F, Wright, D, Adams, E, Baden, A, Baron, O, Belloni, A, Eno, SC, Hadley, NJ, Jabeen, S, Kellogg, RG, Koeth, T, Mignerey, AC, Nabili, S, Palmer, C, Seidel, M, Skuja, A, Wang, L, Wong, K, Abercrombie, D, Andreassi, G, Bi, R, Brandt, S, Busza, W, Cali, IA, D'Alfonso, M, Eysermans, J, Freer, C, Ceballos, GG, Goncharov, M, Harris, P, Hu, M, Klute, M, Kovalskyi, D, Krupa, J, Lee, YJ, Mironov, C, Paus, C, Rankin, D, Roland, C, Roland, G, Shi, Z, Stephans, GSF, Wang, Z, Wyslouch, B, Chatterjee, RM, Evans, A, Hansen, P, Hiltbrand, J, Krohn, M, Kubota, Y, Mans, J, Revering, M, Rusack, R, Saradhy, R, Schroeder, N, Strobbe, N, Wadud, MA, Acosta, JG, Cremaldi, LM, Oliveros, S, Perera, L, Summers, D, Avdeeva, E, Bloom, K, Bryson, M, Claes, DR, Fangmeier, C, Finco, L, Golf, F, Joo, C, Kravchenko, I, Meier, F, Musich, M, Reed, I, Siado, JE, Snow, GR, Tabb, W, Yan, F, Zecchinelli, AG, Agarwal, G, Bandyopadhyay, H, Hay, L, Iashvili, I, Kharchilava, A, McLean, C, Nguyen, D, Pekkanen, J, Rappoccio, S, Williams, A, Alverson, G, Barberis, E, Haddad, Y, Hortiangtham, A, Li, J, Madigan, G, Marzocchi, B, Morse, DM, Nguyen, V, Orimoto, T, Parker, A, Skinnari, L, Tishelman-Charny, A, Wamorkar, T, Wang, B, Wisecarver, A, Wood, D, Bueghly, J, Chen, Z, Gilbert, A, Gunter, T, Hahn, KA, Liu, Y, Odell, N, Schmitt, MH, Sung, K, Velasco, M, Band, R, Bucci, R, Das, A, Dev, N, Goldouzian, R, Hildreth, M, Anampa, KH, Jessop, C, Lannon, K, Lawrence, J, Loukas, N, Lutton, D, Marinelli, N, Mcalister, I, McCauley, T, Mcgrady, C, Mohrman, K, Musienko, Y, Ruchti, R, Siddireddy, P, Townsend, A, Wayne, M, Wightman, A, Zarucki, M, Zygala, L, Bylsma, B, Cardwell, B, Durkin, LS, Francis, B, Hill, C, Ornelas, MN, Wei, K, Winer, BL, Yates, BR, Addesa, FM, Bonham, B, Das, P, Dezoort, G, Elmer, P, Frankenthal, A, Greenberg, B, Haubrich, N, Higginbotham, S, Kalogeropoulos, A, Kopp, G, Kwan, S, Lange, D, Marlow, D, Mei, K, Ojalvo, I, Olsen, J, Stickland, D, Tully, C, Norberg, S, Vargas, JER, Bakshi, AS, Barnes, VE, Chawla, R, Das, S, Gutay, L, Jones, M, Jung, AW, Karmarkar, S, Kondratyev, D, Koshy, AM, Liu, M, Negro, G, Neumeister, N, Paspalaki, G, Piperov, S, Purohit, A, Schulte, JF, Stojanovic, M, Thieman, J, Wang, F, Xiao, R, Xie, W, Dolen, J, Parashar, N, Baty, A, Decaro, M, Dildick, S, Ecklund, KM, Freed, S, Gardner, P, Geurts, FJM, Li, W, Liu, H, Nussbaum, T, Padley, BP, Redjimi, R, Shi, W, Leiton, AGS, Zhang, L, Bodek, A, de Barbaro, P, Demina, R, Dulemba, JL, Fallon, C, Ferbel, T, Galanti, M, Garcia-Bellido, A, Hindrichs, O, Khukhunaishvili, A, Ranken, E, Taus, R, Bartz, E, Chiarito, B, Chou, JP, Gandrakota, A, Gershtein, Y, Halkiadakis, E, Hart, A, Heindl, M, Karacheban, O, Laflotte, I, Lath, A, Montalvo, R, Nash, K, Osherson, M, Salur, S, Schnetzer, S, Somalwar, S, Stone, R, Thayil, SA, Thomas, S, Acharya, H, Delannoy, AG, Fiorendi, S, Spanier, S, Bouhali, O, Dalchenko, M, Delgado, A, Eusebi, R, Gilmore, J, Huang, T, Kamon, T, Luo, S, Malhotra, S, Mueller, R, Overton, D, Rathjens, D, Safonov, A, Akchurin, N, Damgov, J, Hegde, V, Kunori, S, Lamichhane, K, Mengke, T, Muthumuni, S, Peltola, T, Volobouev, I, Whitbeck, A, Appelt, E, D'Angelo, P, Greene, S, Gurrola, A, Johns, W, Melo, A, Ni, H, Padeken, K, Romeo, F, Sheldon, P, Tuo, S, Velkovska, J, Arenton, MW, Cox, B, Cummings, G, Hakala, J, Hirosky, R, Joyce, M, Ledovskoy, A, Li, A, Neu, C, Lara, CEP, Tannenwald, B, White, S, Wolfe, E, Poudyal, N, Black, K, Bose, T, Caillol, C, Dasu, S, De Bruyn, I, Everaerts, P, Fienga, F, Galloni, C, He, H, Herndon, M, Herve, A, Hussain, U, Lanaro, A, Loeliger, A, Loveless, R, Sreekala, JM, Mallampalli, A, Mohammadi, A, Pinna, D, Savin, A, Shang, V, Smith, WH, Teague, D, Trembath-Reichert, S, Vetens, W, Damarseçkin, Serdal, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vriendenkring VUB, and Sağır, Sinan
Subjects: Technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Tracker, Legacy reprocessing, measurement methods, tracking detector, alignment, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, Physics, Particles & Fields, PARTICLE PHYSICS, LARGE HADRON COLLIDER, CMS, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), tracking detector: alignment, Detector, Alignment, MillePede-II, HipPy, VERTEX, High energy physics, Experimental particle physics, LHC, p p: scattering, p p: colliding beams, B: decay, tau: hadronic decay, interaction: gauge, interaction: model, transverse momentum: missing-energy, new physics: search for, mass spectrum: transverse, black hole: quantum, vector boson: mass, W': leptonic decay, sensitivity, leptoquark: coupling, CERN LHC Coll, leptoquark: mass: lower limit, anomaly, channel cross section: upper limit, effective field theory, Higgs, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instruments & Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, detector, alignment, Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physics, Nuclear, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Engineering sciences. Technology, Particle Physics - Experiment, performance, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 530 Physics, 0299 Other Physical Sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, 10192 Physics Institute, 114 Physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, ddc:530, 3106 Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CMS, performance, Nuclear Science & Technology, numerical calculations, Science & Technology, hep-ex, 3105 Instrumentation, silicon, Physics and Astronomy, alignment [tracking detector], semiconductor detector
Abstract: The strategies for and the performance of the CMS silicon tracking system alignment during the 2015-2018 data-taking period of the LHC are described. The alignment procedures during and after data taking are explained. Alignment scenarios are also derived for use in the simulation of the detector response. Systematic effects, related to intrinsic symmetries of the alignment task or to external constraints, are discussed and illustrated for different scenarios., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1037, ISSN:0168-9002, ISSN:1872-9576
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. ICT Augmented Gravity Model Application: Sector Level Analysis of the Asia-Pacific Region

Author: Punjab University Center for Economics and Business Research, Department of Economics, Government College University, School of Economics, University of the Punjab, Mehmood, Bilal, Arif Malik, Azka, Khalid, Rabia, Punjab University Center for Economics and Business Research, Department of Economics, Government College University, School of Economics, University of the Punjab, Mehmood, Bilal, Arif Malik, Azka, and Khalid, Rabia
Abstract: The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in commerce improves the commercial structure and economic capacity of a country. This study empirically assesses the impact of ICTs on international trade in 36 countries in Asia and the Pacific, at the sectoral level, between 2007 and 2018. The study evaluates whether ICTs improve international trade by hiring the gravity model of international trade and increasing it with the ICT variable. An ICT development indicator (IDI) is formed by joining seven different ICT variables that show ICT infrastructure, use, and skills. Using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation technique, this study shows that ICTs improve trade by reducing transaction costs. The findings reveal that information and communication technology positively and significantly influence international trade in all sectors of the Asia-Pacific region, and that trade intensifies when both trading partners have a high endowment of information and communications technology. The study recommends that governments in developing countries upgrade their ICT infrastructure levels.
Published: 2021

5. Spectrophotometric Studies on the Interaction of Eriochrome Black T with Cetylpyridinium Bromide and Metal Ions

Author: Seedher, Neelam; Department of Chemistry, Punjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Bhamri, Yashumati; Department of Chemistry, Punjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Seedher, Neelam; Department of Chemistry, Punjab University, Chandigarh 160014, and Bhamri, Yashumati; Department of Chemistry, Punjab University, Chandigarh 160014
Abstract: The absorption spectra (450-800 nm) of the dye Eriochrome Black T, its complexes with cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) and CPB-metal ions, dye-CPS and dye-CPB-metal ion complexes have been studied. The dye showed marked bathochromic and hyperchromic effects in the presence of the surfactant. The optimum dye-to-surfactant ratio for maximum spectral shift was found to be 1:6 Absorption spectrum of dye-surfactant complex was significantly altered in the presence of metal ions. Dye surfactant complex could be used as a modified reagent for micro-determination of eight metal ions. The dye-surfactant-metal ion complexes could be represented as [Erio T (CPB)6]yM with y varying from 1 to 4 for different metal ions.
Published: 2015

6. Study of Slip Systems in Epidote Single Crystal

Author: DIN, Salah-ud, AHMAD, Munnawar, PHYSİCS, Shahzed Chishti, and PUNJAB, University Of The
Subjects: Turk. J. Phys.,25,(2001),229-236. Full text: pdf Other articles published in the same issue: Turk. J. Phys.,vol.25,iss.3
Abstract: Measurements of microhardness anisotropy by Knoop diamond indentations on the prismatic (100) planes of epidote crystals, point group 2/m and space group P21/m, show that microhardness is determined by crystallographic slip on the (100) systems. Microhardness anisotropy is explained in terms of the effective resolved shear stress distribution in these slip systems.
Published: 2014

7. Markoff Type Chain for the View Obstruction Problem for Three Dimensional Cubes

Author: Dumir, V. C.; Centre for Advanced Study in Mathematics, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160014, Hans-Gill, R. J.; Centre for Advanced Study in Mathematics, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160014, Dumir, V. C.; Centre for Advanced Study in Mathematics, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160014, and Hans-Gill, R. J.; Centre for Advanced Study in Mathematics, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160014
Abstract: The view obstruction problem has been studied by various authors. For the history of the problem we refer the reader to the authorsâ€™ paper [1]. Here we shall use the same notation as in [1]. However the present paper can be read independently.
Published: 1991

8. Mathematical Contributions of Professor Hansraj Gupta

Author: Dumir, V. C.; Mathematics Department, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160014, Hans-Gill, R. J.; Mathematics Department, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160014, Dumir, V. C.; Mathematics Department, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160014, and Hans-Gill, R. J.; Mathematics Department, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160014
Abstract: Professor Guptaâ€™s work is notable for its simplicity, ingenuity and elegance. This was also prominant in his lectures and seminars. He could convey very complex ideas in such a manner that they seemed very natural and simple. Many of this papers are suitable for presentation in elementary courses in Number Theory and Combinatorics. As students at Panjab University, Chandigarh we had the privilege of taking courses from him on Number Theory, Geometry and Partition Theory at various levels. His style of lecturing was such that the students felt that they were discovering the results on their own rather than being told by somebody. One hour of his lecture passed very quickly. He never seemed in a hurry to complete a theorem and taught in a leisurely manner. Even then he would cover a substantial amount in each lecture. He called each student by name and made sure that everybody participated actively. He was an extremely popular teacher. His research work is spread over more than six decades. He has nearly 200 publications to his credit on variety of topics in elementary number theory, partitions and combinatorics. It is not possible to describe ail his contributions, we mention below some of his important work.
Published: 1991

9. Ethnobotanical studies on some wild plants of head Qadirabad and adjoining areas, Pakistan

Author: Hanif, Uzma; GC University, Lhaore, Pakistan, Mushtaq, Sadia; Department of Botany,Government collage university, Lahore, Pakistan, Ajaib, M; Department of Botany,Government collage university, Lahore, Pakistan, Ishtiaq, Saiqa; University College of Pharmacy, Punjab University, Lahore Pakistan, Hanif, Uzma; GC University, Lhaore, Pakistan, Mushtaq, Sadia; Department of Botany,Government collage university, Lahore, Pakistan, Ajaib, M; Department of Botany,Government collage university, Lahore, Pakistan, and Ishtiaq, Saiqa; University College of Pharmacy, Punjab University, Lahore Pakistan
Abstract: An Ethno botanical survey was carried out during 2011-2012 in order to document the importance of the plants in Qadirabad, Tehsile Phalia and District Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 54 plants were collected belonging to 29 families, from which 50 were dicots and 4 were monocots, 28 families were angiosperms and only 1 was Pteridophyte. Papilionaceae was the dominant family. The plant species collected from the studied area and were identified with flora of Pakistan. Plants were categorized in single usage plants, two usage plants, and multi usage plants. It was observed that mostly plants were used for treatment of different kinds of diseases like stomachic diseases, Piles, constipation; bleeding wounds, snake bite etc. Cutting of trees for earning livelihood were common. It was also observed during this study, that harvesting of the plants is very common for local uses
Published: 2013

10. Herbal treatment of secretory diarrhea

Author: Asif, H.M.; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University. Karachi, Pakistan Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Usmanghni, Khan; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University. Karachi, Pakistan, Akram, Muhammad; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University. Karachi, Pakistan, Akhtar, Naveed; Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Jabeen, Qaiser; Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Shah, S.M. Ali; Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Rehman, Riazur; Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Ahmed, Khalil; Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Saeed, Tariq; University College of Pharmacy, Punjab University Lahore, Pakistan, Asif, H.M.; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University. Karachi, Pakistan Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Usmanghni, Khan; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University. Karachi, Pakistan, Akram, Muhammad; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University. Karachi, Pakistan, Akhtar, Naveed; Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Jabeen, Qaiser; Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Shah, S.M. Ali; Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Rehman, Riazur; Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Ahmed, Khalil; Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, and Saeed, Tariq; University College of Pharmacy, Punjab University Lahore, Pakistan
Abstract: The research study is conducted to understand interaction of illness, symptoms, context, patients response and the clinical skill vis a vis better management of secretory diarrhea. Specific aim of this study is to determine the impact of intensive medical intervention with herbal drug “Dirasif” (Test) and allopathic drug “Furoxone” (Control) to treat secretory diarrhea. This is randomized controlled clinical trial in primary care with an open intervention. All patients judged by the physician to need either herbal or allopathic medicine for secretory diarrhea are randomized in treatment therapy. Clinical trial was conducted on hundred patients from both groups i.e.50 patient from control and 50 from experimental group having age between 12-40 year.Comparison of data recorded by participants relating to these variables showed significant differences between test and control groups (p < 0.05) despite the fact that no side effects were recorded in test group. Overall clinical success was observed in both treatment groups however the efficacy of the test treated medication (Dirasif) was superior as p=0.03. Dirasif is more effective than the Furoxone in the treatment of secretory diarrhea in Gadap community Karachi, Pakistan.Keywords: Secretory diarrhea, efficacy, dirasif, furoxone
Published: 2011

11. Studies on the Stabilitye of Artificial Bile and Human Gallbladder Bile of Controls and Patients with Gallstone belonging to the Indian Ganges Delta

Author: Jalan, K. N.; Kothari Centre of Gastroenterology, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, 712 Diamond Harbour Road, Calcutta-700 027, Chakraborty, M. L.; Kothari Centre of Gastroenterology, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, 712 Diamond Harbour Road, Calcutta-700 027, Agarwal, S. K.; Kothari Centre of Gastroenterology, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, 712 Diamond Harbour Road, Calcutta-700 027, Mahalanabis, D.; Kothari Centre of Gastroenterology, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, 712 Diamond Harbour Road, Calcutta-700 027, Chattoraj, D. K.; Department of Food Technology and Bio-Engineering and Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University, Calcutta- 700 032, Moulik, S. P.; Department of Food Technology and Bio-Engineering and Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University, Calcutta- 700 032, Ahuja, B. S.; Department of Chemistry, Punjab University, Patiala, Jalan, K. N.; Kothari Centre of Gastroenterology, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, 712 Diamond Harbour Road, Calcutta-700 027, Chakraborty, M. L.; Kothari Centre of Gastroenterology, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, 712 Diamond Harbour Road, Calcutta-700 027, Agarwal, S. K.; Kothari Centre of Gastroenterology, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, 712 Diamond Harbour Road, Calcutta-700 027, Mahalanabis, D.; Kothari Centre of Gastroenterology, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, 712 Diamond Harbour Road, Calcutta-700 027, Chattoraj, D. K.; Department of Food Technology and Bio-Engineering and Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University, Calcutta- 700 032, Moulik, S. P.; Department of Food Technology and Bio-Engineering and Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University, Calcutta- 700 032, and Ahuja, B. S.; Department of Chemistry, Punjab University, Patiala
Abstract: Gallbladder bile from 27 control and 34 patients with cholesterol gallstone belonging to the Indian Ganges Delta have been analysed with respect to its three major components i.e. cholesterol, bile salt and phospholipid. The results when plotted on triangular co-ordinate failed to demonstrate any differences between lithogenic and non-lithogenic bile. The micellar and non-micellar boundary lines in accordance with the phase rule invoked by Admirand and Small1 and Holzbach et a1 have thus been considered ineffective as markers for patient and non-patient classification. The lithogenic index has been observed to be proportionately dependent on D/T ratio but not so on the G/T ratio. The maximum cholesterol solubility of the bile has been observed to be independent of all these parameters. The occurence of significant amounts of bile salts and phospholipids as well as calcium and iron salts alongwith cholesterol in stones suggests the inapplicability of phase rule to the stability of human bile system. The role of microcomponents of bile (ions, glycoproteins, etc.) appears to be significant for cholesterol stone formation.
Published: 1987

12. Certain Quadratic Unramified Extensions of F(T, √D (T)) and Theory of Genera for Quadratic Extensions of Fq(T)

Author: Khanduja, Sudesh K.; Department of Mathematics, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160 014 and Khanduja, Sudesh K.; Department of Mathematics, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160 014
Abstract: Let F be a field of characteristic â‰ 2, k0 = F(T), and let k be a quadratic extension of k0. We determine explicitly (i) certain quadratic unramified extensions of k, (ii) the Geschlechterkdrper of k and (iii) the real characters of the ideal class group of the integral closure of F[T] in k.
Published: 1988

13. Some Problems in the Geometry of Numbers

Author: Bambah, R. P.; Punjab University, Chandigarh and Bambah, R. P.; Punjab University, Chandigarh
Abstract: The object of this paper is to discuss some problems in the geometry of numbers. This branch of the theory of numbers deals with problems in Diophantine approximations. These problems can be interpreted in terms of relationships between ^-dimensional point sets and certain lattices.
Published: 1960

14. On a Certain Limit Connected with Pairs of Integers

Author: Chowla, S. D.; Punjab University and Chowla, S. D.; Punjab University
Abstract: Let us denote by { m, n } the number of distinct pairs of integers, r and s, such that* (r, s) = 1,1 â‰¤ r ^ m,1 â‰¤ s ^ n.
Published: 1930

15. The alluvial minerals of the River Indus, West Pakistan

Author: Davidson, C. F., Japan. Kyoto University, West Pakistan. Punjab University, Tahirkheli, Rashid Ahmad Khan, Davidson, C. F., Japan. Kyoto University, West Pakistan. Punjab University, and Tahirkheli, Rashid Ahmad Khan
Abstract: The river Indus originates at an elevation of 17,000 feet on the northern flank of Kailash Mountain in Tibet, and before it joins the Indian Ocean near Karaohi in West Pakistan, it flows for about 2000 miles, partly in the mountainous terrain of the Himalaya and partly over the plains of Sind and the Punjab. The investigations reported upon in this thesis relate to a study of the alluvial deposits in the upper reaches of the river, along a stretch of about 500 miles between Skardu in the Great Himalayas and Kalabagh in the Outer Himalayas. The thesis includes a description of the bed-rock geology of the area, and reports studies on the degree of sorting and the mineralogy of the gravels. Only the economic aspects of this work are reported in this abstract. Because of accessibility, the alluvials between Attock and Amb were chosen for economic study. Hero a primitive gold-washing industry exists and around 20 or 25 families are seasonably engaged in gold production. At a very rough estimate, the overall production is only 14 troy ounces per year, worth say £175. The method of mining, using a primitive sluice known as a nava, is described; and a report is given on detailed sampling tests employing a skilled gold-washer. The average yield is 1.05 grains per cubic yard of specially selected alluvium. The valuable mineral species present in the alluvium are gold, uraninite, tinstone and scheelite. The value of the average yield of gold from selected "high-grade" alluvium is about 60 per cubic yard. From the radiometric and mineralogical assays the tenor of uraninite in the natural sands in estimated to be around. 0,0002%, equivalent at full recovery to about Id per cubic yard. The tenor of tinstone and scheelite have been estimated visually to be about 1 oz. and 0.02 oz per cubic yard; but this estimate based on grain counts is almost certainly much too high for tinstone, since "tinning" tests using zinc and hydrochloric acid show that cassiterite is much rarer than the
Published: 1963

16. Cd{sub 0.9375}Mn{sub 0.0625}S diluted magnetic semiconductor: A DFT study

Author: Kumar, Ranjan [Department of Physics, Punjab University, Chandigarh-160014 (India)]
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Impact of Pb content on the physical parameters of Se-Te-Pb system

Author: Tripathi, S. [Centre of Advanced Study in Physics, Punjab University Chandigarh, 160 014 (India)]
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. ICT Augmented Gravity Model Application: Sector Level Analysis of the Asia-Pacific Region

Author: Bilal Mehmood, Azka Arif Malik, Rabia Khalid, Punjab University Center for Economics and Business Research, Department of Economics, Government College University, and School of Economics, University of the Punjab
Subjects: 050208 finance, Gravity model, ICT, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, Poisson’s pseudo-maximum probability (PPML), Commerce, General Medicine, 050207 economics
Abstract: The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in commerce improves the commercial structure and economic capacity of a country. This study empirically assesses the impact of ICTs on international trade in 36 countries in Asia and the Pacific, at the sectoral level, between 2007 and 2018. The study evaluates whether ICTs improve international trade by hiring the gravity model of international trade and increasing it with the ICT variable. An ICT development indicator (IDI) is formed by joining seven different ICT variables that show ICT infrastructure, use, and skills. Using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation technique, this study shows that ICTs improve trade by reducing transaction costs. The findings reveal that information and communication technology positively and significantly influence international trade in all sectors of the Asia-Pacific region, and that trade intensifies when both trading partners have a high endowment of information and communications technology. The study recommends that governments in developing countries upgrade their ICT infrastructure levels.
Published: 2021

19. Hadronic absorption cross sections of B{sub c}

Author: Irfan, Shaheen [Center for High Energy Physics, Punjab University, Lahore (Pakistan)]
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Medium mass fragment production due to momentum dependent interactions

Author: Puri, Rajeev [Department of Physics, Punjab University, Chandigarh (India)]
Published: 2008
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21. Nuclear Structure and Octupole Collectivity in Nucleus 122Cs

Author: Govil, I [Department of Physics, Punjab University, Chandigarh (India)]
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Measurement of dijet azimuthal decorrelations at central rapidities in pp̄ collisions at s=1.96TeV

Author: Abazov, V. M., Abbott, B., Abolins, M., Acharya, B. S., Adams, D. L., Adams, M., Adams, T., Agelou, M., Agram, J. L., Ahmed, S. N., Ahn, S. H., Alexeev, G. D., Alkhazov, G., Alton, A., Alverson, G., Alves, G. A., Anastasoaie, M., Anderson, S., Andrieu, B., Arnoud, Y., Askew, A., Åsman, B., Atramentov, O., Autermann, C., Avila, C., Babukhadia, L., Bacon, T. C., Badaud, F., Baden, A., Baffioni, S., Baldin, B., Balm, P. W., Banerjee, S., Barberis, E., Bargassa, P., Baringer, P., Barnes, C., Barreto, J., Bartlett, J. F., Bassler, U., Bauer, D., Bean, A., Beauceron, S., Beaudette, F., Begel, M., Bellavance, A., Beri, S. B., Bernardi, G., Bernhard, R., Bertram, I., Besançon, M., Besson, A., Beuselinck, R., Bezzubov, V. A., Bhat, P. C., Bhatnagar, V., Bhattacharjee, M., Binder, M., Bischoff, A., Black, K. M., Blackler, I., Blazey, G., Blekman, F., Blessing, S., Bloch, D., Blumenschein, U., Boehnlein, A., Boeriu, O., Bolton, T. A., Bonamy, P., Borcherding, F., Borissov, G., Bos, K., Bose, T., Boswell, C., Brandt, A., Briskin, G., Brock, R., Brooijmans, G., Bross, A., Buchanan, N. J., Buchholz, D., Buehler, M., Buescher, V., Burdin, S., Burnett, T. H., Busato, E., Butler, J. M., Bystricky, J., Canelli, F., Carvalho, W., Casey, B. C.K., Casey, D., Cason, N. M., Castilla-Valdez, H., Chakrabarti, S., Chakraborty, D., Chan, K. M., Chandra, A., Chapin, D., Charles, F., Cheu, E., Chevalier, L., Cho, D. K., Choi, S., Chopra, S., Christiansen, T., Christofek, L., Claes, D., Clark, A. R., Clément, B., Clément, C., Coadou, Y., Colling, D. J., Coney, L., Connolly, B., Cooke, M., Cooper, W. E., Coppage, D., Corcoran, M., Coss, J., Cothenet, A., Cousinou, M. C., Crépé-Renaudin, S., Cristetiu, M., Cummings, M. A.C., Cutts, D., da Motta, H., Davies, B., Davies, G., Davis, G. A., De, K., de Jong, P., de Jong, S. J., de la Cruz-Burelo, E., de Oliveira Martins, C., Dean, S., Del Signore, K., Déliot, F., Delsart, P. A., Demarteau, M., Demina, R., Demine, P., Denisov, D., Denisov, S. P., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Diesburg, M., Doidge, M., Dong, H., Doulas, S., Duflot, L., Dugad, S. R., Duperrin, A., Dyer, J., Dyshkant, A., Eads, M., Edmunds, D., Edwards, T., Ellison, J., Elmsheuser, J., Eltzroth, J. T., Elvira, V. D., Eno, S., Ermolov, P., Eroshin, O. V., Estrada, J., Evans, D., Evans, H., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, V. N., Fast, J., Fatakia, S. N., Fein, D., Feligioni, L., Ferbel, T., Fiedler, F., Filthaut, F., Fisher, W., Fisk, H. E., Fleuret, F., Fortner, M., Fox, H., Freeman, W., Fu, S., Fuess, S., Galea, C. F., Gallas, E., Galyaev, E., Gao, M., Garcia, C., Garcia-Bellido, A., Gardner, J., Gavrilov, V., Gay, P., Gelé, D., Gelhaus, R., Genser, K., Gerber, C. E., Gershtein, Y., Geurkov, G., Ginther, G., Goldmann, K., Golling, T., Gómez, B., Gounder, K., Goussiou, A., Graham, G., Grannis, P. D., Greder, S., Green, J. A., Greenlee, H., Greenwood, Z. D., Gregores, E. M. [UNESP], Grinstein, S., Gris, Ph., Grivaz, J. F., Groer, L., Grünendahl, S., Grünewald, M. W., Gu, W., Gurzhiev, S. N., Gutierrez, G., Gutierrez, P., Haas, A., Hadley, N. J., Haggerty, H., Hagopian, S., Hall, I., Hall, R. E., Han, C., Han, L., Hanagaki, K., Hanlet, P., Harder, K., Harrington, R., Hauptman, J. M., Hauser, R., Hays, C., Hays, J., Hebbeker, T., Hebert, C., Hedin, D., Heinmiller, J. M., Heinson, A. P., Heintz, U., Hensel, C., Hesketh, G., Hildreth, M. D., Hirosky, R., Hobbs, J. D., Hoeneisen, B., Hohlfeld, M., Hong, S. J., Hooper, R., Hou, S., Houben, P., Hu, Y., Huang, J., Huang, Y., Iashvili, I., Illingworth, R., Ito, A. S., Jabeen, S., Jaffré, M., Jain, S., Jain, V., Jakobs, K., Jenkins, A., Jesik, R., Jiang, Y., Johns, K., Johnson, M., Johnson, P., Jonckheere, A., Jonsson, P., Jöstlein, H., Juste, A., Kado, M. M., Käfer, D., Kahl, W., Kahn, S., Kajfasz, E., Kalinin, A. M., Kalk, J., Karmanov, D., Kasper, J., Kau, D., Ke, Z., Kehoe, R., Kermiche, S., Kesisoglou, S., Khanov, A., Kharchilava, A., Kharzheev, Y. M., Kim, K. H., Klima, B., Klute, M., Kohli, J. M., Kopal, M., Korablev, V. M., Kotcher, J., Kothari, B., Kotwal, A. V., Koubarovsky, A., Kouznetsov, O., Kozelov, A. V., Kozminski, J., Krane, J., Krishnaswamy, M. R., Krzywdzinski, S., Kubantsev, M., Kuleshov, S., Kulik, Y., Kunori, S., Kupco, A., Kurča, T., Kuznetsov, V. E., Lager, S., Lahrichi, N., Landsberg, G., Lazoflores, J., Le Bihan, A. C., Lebrun, P., Lee, S. W., Lee, W. M., Leflat, A., Leggett, C., Lehner, F., Leonidopoulos, C., Lewis, P., Li, J., Li, Q. Z., Li, X., Lima, J. G.R., Lincoln, D., Linn, S. L., Linnemann, J., Lipaev, V. V., Lipton, R., Lobo, L., Lobodenko, A., Lokajicek, M., Lounis, A., Lu, J., Lubatti, H. J., Lucotte, A., Lueking, L., Luo, C., Lynker, M., Lyon, A. L., Maciel, A. K.A., Madaras, R. J., Mättig, P., Magerkurth, A., Magnan, A. M., Maity, M., Makovec, N., Mal, P. K., Malik, S., Malyshev, V. L., Manankov, V., Mao, H. S., Maravin, Y., Marshall, T., Martens, M., Martin, M. I., Mattingly, S. E.K., Mayorov, A. A., McCarthy, R., McCroskey, R., McMahon, T., Meder, D., Melanson, H. L., Melnitchouk, A., Meng, X., Merkin, M., Merritt, K. W., Meyer, A., Miao, C., Miettinen, H., Mihalcea, D., Mitrevski, J., Mokhov, N., Molina, J., Mondal, N. K., Montgomery, H. E., Moore, R. W., Mostafa, M., Muanza, G. S., Mulders, M., Mutaf, Y. D., Nagy, E., Nang, F., Narain, M., Narasimham, V. S., Naumann, N. A., Neal, H. A., Negret, J. P., Nelson, S., Neustroev, P., Noeding, C., Nomerotski, A., Novaes, S. F. [UNESP], Nunnemann, T., Nurse, E., O'Dell, V., O'Neil, D. C., Oguri, V., Oliveira, N., Olivier, B., Oshima, N., Otero y Garzón, G. J., Padley, P., Papageorgiou, K., Parashar, N., Park, J., Park, S. K., Parsons, J., Partridge, R., Parua, N., Patwa, A., Perea, P. M., Perez, E., Peters, O., Pétroff, P., Petteni, M., Phaf, L., Piegaia, R., Podesta-Lerma, P. L.M., Podstavkov, V. M., Pogorelov, Y., Pope, B. G., Popkov, E., Prado da Silva, W. L., Prosper, H. B., Protopopescu, S., Przybycien, M. B., Qian, J., Quadt, A., Quinn, B., Rani, K. J., Rapidis, P. A., Ratoff, P. N., Reay, N. W., Renardy, J. F., Reucroft, S., Rha, J., Ridel, M., Rijssenbeek, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizatdinova, F., Royon, C., Rubinov, P., Ruchti, R., Sabirov, B. M., Sajot, G., Sánchez-Hernández, A., Sanders, M. P., Santoro, A., Savage, G., Sawyer, L., Scanlon, T., Schamberger, R. D., Schellman, H., Schieferdecker, P., Schmitt, C., Schukin, A. A., Schwartzman, A., Schwienhorst, R., Sengupta, S., Severini, H., Shabalina, E., Shary, V., Shephard, W. D., Shpakov, D., Sidwell, R. A., Simak, V., Sirotenko, V., Skow, D., Skubic, P., Slattery, P., Smith, R. P., Smolek, K., Snow, G. R., Snow, J., Snyder, S., Söldner-Rembold, S., Song, X., Song, Y., Sonnenschein, L., Sopczak, A., Sorïn, V., Sosebee, M., Soustruznik, K., Souza, M., Spurlock, B., Stanton, N. R., Stark, J., Steele, J., Steinbrück, G., Stevenson, K., Stolin, V., Stone, A., Stoyanova, D. A., Strandberg, J., Strang, M. A., Strauss, M., Ströhmer, R., Strovink, M., Stutte, L., Sumowidagdo, S., Sznajder, A., Talby, M., Tamburello, P., Taylor, W., Telford, P., Temple, J., Tentindo-Repond, S., Thomas, E., Thooris, B., Tomoto, M., Toole, T., Torborg, J., Towers, S., Trefzger, T., Trincaz-Duvoid, S., Trippe, T. G., Tuchming, B., Tully, C., Turcot, A. S., Tuts, P. M., Uvarov, L., Uvarov, S., Uzunyan, S., Vachon, B., van Kooten, R., van Leeuwen, W. M., Varelas, N., Varnes, E. W., Vasilyev, I. A., Vaupel, M., Verdier, P., Vertogradov, L. S., Verzocchi, M., Villeneuve-Seguier, F., Vlimant, J. R., von Toerne, E., Vreeswijk, M., Vu Anh, T., Wahl, H. D., Walker, R., Wallace, N., Wang, Z. M., Warchol, J., Warsinsky, M., Watts, G., Wayne, M., Weber, M., Weerts, H., Wegner, M., Wermes, N., White, A., White, V., Whiteson, D., Wicke, D., Wijngaarden, D. A., Wilson, G. W., Wimpenny, S. J., Wittlin, J., Wlodek, T., Wobisch, M., Womersley, J., Wood, D. R., Wu, Z., Wyatt, T. R., Xu, Q., Xuan, N., Yamada, R., Yan, M., Yasuda, T., Yatsunenko, Y. A., Yen, Y., Yip, K., Youn, S. W., Yu, J., Yurkewicz, A., Zabi, A., Zatserklyaniy, A., Zdrazil, M., Zeitnitz, C., Zhang, B., Zhang, D., Zhang, X., Zhao, T., Zhao, Z., Zheng, H., Zhou, B., Zhou, Z., Zhu, J., Zielinski, M., Zieminska, D., Zieminski, A., Zitoun, R., Zutshi, V., Zverev, E. G., Zylberstejn, A., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), University of Alberta, Institute of High Energy Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Center for Particle Physics, Czech Technical University, Academy of Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Université Blaise Pascal, IN2P3-CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, CEA, University Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, University de Haute Alsace, Université Claude Bernard, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Mainz, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, University of Wuppertal, Punjab University, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, University College Dublin, Korea University, CINVESTAV, University of Amsterdam/NIKHEF, University of Nijmegen/NIKHEF, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow State University, Institute for High Energy Physics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Lund University, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm University, Uppsala University, Lancaster University, Imperial College, University of Manchester, University of Arizona, University of California, California State University, Florida State University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Northern Illinois University, Northwestern University, Indiana University, University of Notre Dame, Iowa State University, University of Kansas, Kansas State University, Louisiana Tech University, University of Maryland, Boston University, Northeastern University, University of Michigan, Michigan State University, University of Mississippi, University of Nebraska, Princeton University, Columbia University, University of Rochester, State University of New York, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Langston University, University of Oklahoma, Brown University, University of Texas, Rice University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Zurich, Institute of Nuclear Physics, and Simon Fraser University
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T20:03:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-06-10 Correlations in the azimuthal angle between the two largest transverse momentum jets have been measured using the D0 detector in pp̄ collisions at a center-of-mass energy s=1.96TeV. The analysis is based on an inclusive dijet event sample in the central rapidity region corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 150pb-1. Azimuthal correlations are stronger at larger transverse momenta. These are well described in perturbative QCD at next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant, except at large azimuthal differences where contributions with low transverse momentum are significant. © 2005 The American Physical Society. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires LAFEX Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Física Teórica Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo University of Alberta Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, CO Charles University Center for Particle Physics, Prague Czech Technical University, Prague Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences, Center for Particle Physics, Prague Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire IN2P3-CNRS Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie IN2P3-CNRS, Universite de Grenoble 1, Grenoble CPPM IN2P3-CNRS Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire IN2P3-CNRS, Orsay LPNHE Universités Paris VI and VII IN2P3-CNRS, Paris DAPNIA/Service de Physique des Particules CEA, Saclay IReS IN2P3-CNRS University Louis Pasteur Strasbourg University de Haute Alsace Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon IN2P3-CNRS Université Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne RWTH Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen Universität Bonn Physikalisches Institut, Bonn Universität Freiburg Physikalisches Institut, Freiburg Institut für Physik Universität Mainz, Mainz Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München Fachbereich Physik University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal Punjab University, Chandigarh Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai University College Dublin, Dublin Korea Detector Laboratory Korea University, Seoul CINVESTAV, Mexico City FOM-Institute NIKHEF University of Amsterdam/NIKHEF, Amsterdam University of Nijmegen/NIKHEF, Nijmegen Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow Moscow State University, Moscow Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg Lund University Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm University Uppsala University Lancaster University, Lancaster Imperial College, London University of Manchester, Manchester University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 California State University, Fresno, CA 93740 University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272 University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 Langston University, Langston, OK 73050 University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 University of Zurich, Zurich Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow Simon Fraser University Instituto de Física Teórica Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo
Published: 2005

23. Measurement of the ratio of B$^+$ and B$^0$ meson lifetimes

Author: Abazov, V. M., Abbott, B., Abolins, M., Acharya, B. S., Adams, M., Adams, T., Agelou, M., Agram, J. L., Ahn, S. H., Ahsan, M., Alexeev, G. D., Alkhazov, G., Alton, A., Alverson, G., Alves, G. A., Anastasoaie, M., Anderson, S., Andrieu, B., Arnoud, Y., Askew, A., Åsman, B., Atramentov, O., Autermann, C., Avila, C., Badaud, F., Baden, A., Baldin, B., Balm, P. W., Banerjee, S., Barberis, E., Bargassa, P., Baringer, P., Barnes, C., Barreto, J., Bartlett, J. F., Bassler, U., Bauer, D., Bean, A., Beauceron, S., Begel, M., Bellavance, A., Beri, S. B., Bernardi, G., Bernhard, R., Bertram, I., Besançon, M., Beuselinck, R., Bezzubov, V. A., Bhat, P. C., Bhatnagar, V., Binder, M., Black, K. M., Blackler, I., Blazey, G., Blekman, F., Blessing, S., Bloch, D., Blumenschein, U., Boehnlein, A., Boeriu, O., Bolton, T. A., Borcherding, F., Borissov, G., Bos, K., Bose, T., Brandt, A., Brock, R., Brooijmans, G., Bross, A., Buchanan, N. J., Buchholz, D., Buehler, M., Buescher, V., Burdin, S., Burnett, T. H., Busato, E., Butler, J. M., Bystricky, J., Carvalho, W., Casey, B. C.K., Cason, N. M., Castilla-Valdez, H., Chakrabarti, S., Chakraborty, D., Chan, K. M., Chandra, A., Chapin, D., Charles, F., Cheu, E., Chevalier, L., Cho, D. K., Choi, S., Christiansen, T., Christofek, L., Claes, D., Clément, B., Clément, C., Coadou, Y., Cooke, M., Cooper, W. E., Coppage, D., Corcoran, M., Coss, J., Cothenet, A., Cousinou, M. C., Crépé-Renaudin, S., Cristetiu, M., Cummings, M. A.C., Cutts, D., da Motta, H., Davies, B., Davies, G., Davis, G. A., De, K., de Jong, P., de Jong, S. J., de la Cruz-Burelo, E., de Oliveira Martins, C., Dean, S., Déliot, F., Delsart, P. A., Demarteau, M., Demina, R., Demine, P., Denisov, D., Denisov, S. P., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Diesburg, M., Doidge, M., Dong, H., Doulas, S., Duflot, L., Dugad, S. R., Duperrin, A., Dyer, J., Dyshkant, A., Eads, M., Edmunds, D., Edwards, T., Ellison, J., Elmsheuser, J., Eltzroth, J. T., Elvira, V. D., Eno, S., Ermolov, P., Eroshin, O. V., Estrada, J., Evans, D., Evans, H., Evdokimov, A., Evdokimov, V. N., Fast, J., Fatakia, S. N., Feligioni, L., Ferbel, T., Fiedler, F., Filthaut, F., Fisher, W., Fisk, H. E., Fortner, M., Fox, H., Freeman, W., Fu, S., Fuess, S., Gadfort, T., Galea, C. F., Gallas, E., Galyaev, E., Garcia, C., Garcia-Bellido, A., Gardner, J., Gavrilov, V., Gay, P., Gelé, D., Gelhaus, R., Genser, K., Gerber, C. E., Gershtein, Y., Ginther, G., Golling, T., Gómez, B., Gounder, K., Goussiou, A., Grannis, P. D., Greder, S., Greenlee, H., Greenwood, Z. D., Gregores, E. M. [UNESP], Gris, P., Grivaz, J. F., Groer, L., Grünendahl, S., Grünewald, M. W., Gurzhiev, S. N., Gutierrez, G., Gutierrez, P., Haas, A., Hadley, N. J., Hagopian, S., Hall, I., Hall, R. E., Han, C., Han, L., Hanagaki, K., Harder, K., Harrington, R., Hauptman, J. M., Hauser, R., Hays, J., Hebbeker, T., Hedin, D., Heinmiller, J. M., Heinson, A. P., Heintz, U., Hensel, C., Hesketh, G., Hildreth, M. D., Hirosky, R., Hobbs, J. D., Hoeneisen, B., Hohlfeld, M., Hong, S. J., Hooper, R., Houben, P., Hu, Y., Huang, J., Iashvili, I., Illingworth, R., Ito, A. S., Jabeen, S., Jaffré, M., Jain, S., Jain, V., Jakobs, K., Jenkins, A., Jesik, R., Johns, K., Johnson, M., Jonckheere, A., Jonsson, P., Jöstlein, H., Juste, A., Kado, M. M., Käfer, D., Kahl, W., Kahn, S., Kajfasz, E., Kalinin, A. M., Kalk, J., Karmanov, D., Kasper, J., Kau, D., Kehoe, R., Kermiche, S., Kesisoglou, S., Khanov, A., Kharchilava, A., Kharzheev, Y. M., Kim, K. H., Klima, B., Klute, M., Kohli, J. M., Kopal, M., Korablev, V. M., Kotcher, J., Kothari, B., Koubarovsky, A., Kozelov, A. V., Kozminski, J., Krzywdzinski, S., Kuleshov, S., Kulik, Y., Kunori, S., Kupco, A., Kurča, T., Lager, S., Lahrichi, N., Landsberg, G., Lazoflores, J., Le Bihan, A. C., Lebrun, P., Lee, S. W., Lee, W. M., Leflat, A., Lehner, F., Leonidopoulos, C., Lewis, P., Li, J., Li, Q. Z., Lima, J. G.R., Lincoln, D., Linn, S. L., Linnemann, J., Lipaev, V. V., Lipton, R., Lobo, L., Lobodenko, A., Lokajicek, M., Lounis, A., Lubatti, H. J., Lueking, L., Lynker, M., Lyon, A. L., Maciel, A. K.A., Madaras, R. J., Mättig, P., Magerkurth, A., Magnan, A. M., Makovec, N., Mal, P. K., Malik, S., Malyshev, V. L., Mao, H. S., Maravin, Y., Martens, M., Mattingly, S. E.K., Mayorov, A. A., McCarthy, R., McCroskey, R., Meder, D., Melanson, H. L., Melnitchouk, A., Merkin, M., Merritt, K. W., Meyer, A., Miettinen, H., Mihalcea, D., Mitrevski, J., Mokhov, N., Molina, J., Mondal, N. K., Montgomery, H. E., Moore, R. W., Muanza, G. S., Mulders, M., Mutaf, Y. D., Nagy, E., Narain, M., Naumann, N. A., Neal, H. A., Negret, J. P., Nelson, S., Neustroev, P., Noeding, C., Nomerotski, A., Novaes, S. F. [UNESP], Nunnemann, T., Nurse, E., O'Dell, V., O'Neil, D. C., Oguri, V., Oliveira, N., Oshima, N., Otero y Garzón, G. J., Padley, P., Parashar, N., Park, J., Park, S. K., Parsons, J., Partridge, R., Parua, N., Patwa, A., Perea, P. M., Perez, E., Peters, O., Pétroff, P., Petteni, M., Phaf, L., Piegaia, R., Podesta-Lerma, P. L.M., Podstavkov, V. M., Pogorelov, Y., Pope, B. G., Prado da Silva, W. L., Prosper, H. B., Protopopescu, S., Przybycien, M. B., Qian, J., Quadt, A., Quinn, B., Rani, K. J., Rapidis, P. A., Ratoff, P. N., Reay, N. W., Reucroft, S., Rijssenbeek, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizatdinova, F., Royon, C., Rubinov, P., Ruchti, R., Sajot, G., Sánchez-Hernández, A., Sanders, M. P., Santoro, A., Savage, G., Sawyer, L., Scanlon, T., Schamberger, R. D., Schellman, H., Schieferdecker, P., Schmitt, C., Schukin, A. A., Schwartzman, A., Schwienhorst, R., Sengupta, S., Severini, H., Shabalina, E., Shamim, M., Shary, V., Shephard, W. D., Shpakov, D., Sidwell, R. A., Simak, V., Sirotenko, V., Skubic, P., Slattery, P., Smith, R. P., Smolek, K., Snow, G. R., Snow, J., Snyder, S., Söldner-Rembold, S., Song, X., Song, Y., Sonnenschein, L., Sopczak, A., Sosebee, M., Soustruznik, K., Souza, M., Spurlock, B., Stanton, N. R., Stark, J., Steele, J., Steinbrück, G., Stevenson, K., Stolin, V., Stone, A., Stoyanova, D. A., Strandberg, J., Strang, M. A., Strauss, M., Ströhmer, R., Strovink, M., Stutte, L., Sumowidagdo, S., Sznajder, A., Talby, M., Tamburello, P., Taylor, W., Telford, P., Temple, J., Tentindo-Repond, S., Thomas, E., Thooris, B., Tomoto, M., Toole, T., Torborg, J., Towers, S., Trefzger, T., Trincaz-Duvoid, S., Tuchming, B., Tully, C., Turcot, A. S., Tuts, P. M., Uvarov, L., Uvarov, S., Uzunyan, S., Vachon, B., van Kooten, R., van Leeuwen, W. M., Varelas, N., Varnes, E. W., Vasilyev, I. A., Vaupel, M., Verdier, P., Vertogradov, L. S., Verzocchi, M., Villeneuve-Seguier, F., Vlimant, J. R., von Toerne, E., Vreeswijk, M., Anh, T. V., Wahl, H. D., Walker, R., Wang, L., Wang, Z. M., Warchol, J., Warsinsky, M., Watts, G., Wayne, M., Weber, M., Weerts, H., Wegner, M., Wermes, N., White, A., White, V., Whiteson, D., Wicke, D., Wijngaarden, D. A., Wilson, G. W., Wimpenny, S. J., Wittlin, J., Wobisch, M., Womersley, J., Wood, D. R., Wyatt, T. R., Xu, Q., Xuan, N., Yamada, R., Yan, M., Yasuda, T., Yatsunenko, Y. A., Yen, Y., Yip, K., Youn, S. W., Yu, J., Yurkewicz, A., Zabi, A., Zatserklyaniy, A., Zdrazil, M., Zeitnitz, C., Zhang, D., Zhang, X., Zhao, T., Zhao, Z., Zhou, B., Zhu, J., Zielinski, M., Zieminska, D., Zieminski, A., Zitoun, R., Zutshi, V., Zverev, E. G., Zylberstejn, A., Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), D0, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Simon Fraser University, University of Alberta, McGill University, York University, Institute of High Energy Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Center for Particle Physics, Czech Technical University, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Université Blaise Pascal, IN2P3-CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, Universités Paris VI and VII, IN2P3-CNRS, CEA, Université Louis Pasteur, Université de Haute Alsace, Université Claude Bernard, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Physikalisches Institut, Institut für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, University of Wuppertal, Punjab University, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, University College Dublin, Korea University, CINVESTAV, University of Amsterdam/NIKHEF, University of Nijmegen/NIKHEF, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow State University, Institute for High Energy Physics, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Lund University, Stockholm University, Uppsala University, Lancaster University, Imperial College, University of Manchester, University of Arizona, University of California, California State University, Florida State University, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Northern Illinois University, Northwestern University, Indiana University, University of Notre Dame, Iowa State University, University of Kansas, Kansas State University, Louisiana Tech University, University of Maryland, Boston University, Northeastern University, University of Michigan, Michigan State University, University of Mississippi, University of Nebraska, Princeton University, Columbia University, University of Rochester, State University of New York, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Langston University, University of Oklahoma, Brown University, University of Texas, Southern Methodist University, Rice University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Zurich, and Institute of Nuclear Physics
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), meson decay, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, semileptonic decays, 14.40.Nd, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, B mesons, Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The ratio of B+ and B0 meson lifetimes was measured using data collected in 2002-2004 by the D0 experiment in Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. These mesons were reconstructed in B -> mu+ nu D*- X decays, which are dominated by B0, and B ->mu+ nu D0bar X decays, which are dominated by B+. The ratio of lifetimes is measured to be t+/t0 = 1.080 +- 0.016(stat) +- 0.014(syst)., 7 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX, to be submitted to Physical Review Letters
Published: 2005
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24. Integrating HRMAS-NMR Data and Machine Learning-Assisted Profiling of Metabolite Fluxes to Classify Low- and High-Grade Gliomas.

Author: Firdous S, Nawaz Z, Abid R, Cheng LL, Musharraf SG, and Sadaf S
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Metabolomics methods, Brain Neoplasms metabolism, Brain Neoplasms blood, Neoplasm Grading, Aged, Algorithms, Glioma metabolism, Glioma blood, Machine Learning, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods
Abstract: Diagnosing and classifying central nervous system tumors such as gliomas or glioblastomas pose a significant challenge due to their aggressive and infiltrative nature. However, recent advancements in metabolomics and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offer promising avenues for differentiating tumor grades both in vivo and ex vivo. This study aimed to explore tissue-based metabolic signatures to classify/distinguish between low- and high-grade gliomas. Forty-six histologically confirmed, intact solid tumor samples from glioma patients were analyzed using high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS-NMR) spectroscopy. By integrating machine learning (ML) algorithms, spectral regions with the most discriminative potential were identified. Validation was performed through univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, along with HRMAS-NMR analyses of 46 paired plasma samples. Amongst the various ML models applied, the logistics regression identified 46 spectral regions capable of sub-classifying gliomas with accuracy 87% (F1-measure 0.87, Precision 0.82, Recall 0.93), whereas the extra-tree classifier identified three spectral regions with predictive accuracy of 91% (F1-measure 0.91, Precision 0.85, Recall 0.97). Wilcoxon test presented 51 spectral regions significantly differentiating low- and high-grade glioma groups (p < 0.05). Based on sensitivity and area under the curve values, 40 spectral regions corresponding to 18 metabolites were considered as potential biomarkers for tissue-based glioma classification and amongst these N-acetyl aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine emerged as the most important markers. These markers were validated in paired plasma samples, and their absolute concentrations were computed. Our results demonstrate that the metabolic markers identified through the HRMAS-NMR-ML analysis framework, and their associated metabolic networks, hold promise for targeted treatment planning and clinical interventions in the future., (© 2024. International Association of Scientists in the Interdisciplinary Areas.)
Published: 2024
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25. Pharmacological investigations of newly synthesized oxazolones and imidazolones as COX-2 inhibitors.

Author: Saleem Naz Babari I, Islam M, Saeed H, Nadeem H, and Anwer Rathore H
Abstract: Oxazoles and Imidazoles are heterocyclic compounds with significant biological activities. The present study explores the pharmacological effects of some new oxazole and imidazole derivatives as potential COX-2 inhibitors. Docking studies of the compounds against targeted proteins COX-2 and TACE manifested good binding affinities for both the targets supporting their anti-inflammatory potential. Compounds (3F-A, 3F-B, N-A, N-B) were evaluated for in vivo anti-inflammatory effects by carrageenan-induced paw edema. Among all, compound N-A was found to be the most effective as it displayed most pronounced reduction in inflammation that was comparable to indomethacin. The in vivo tissue antioxidant activity was performed for estimation of the level of catalase, GSH, GST, and thiobarbituric acid in paw tissue. The results exhibited that targeted compounds improved the oxidative stress and restored the expression of enzymes. H &E staining revealed that aforesaid compounds displayed well-defined restoration of cellular damage. Compound NA exhibited maximum structural and functional preservation. Reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers was also analyzed by ELISA and maximum reduction in protein expression (COX-2 and TNF-a) was observed for compound N-B. Quantification of mRNA was done using PCR and a decrease in the expression of COX-2 mRNA level in treatment groups was depicted by all the new compounds but N-B showed maximum reduction in enzyme expression. All the results obtained from the present study have shown the significant anti-inflammatory potential of new compounds via the COX-2 inhibition pathway., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)
Published: 2024
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26. Sprayable RNAi for silencing of important genes to manage red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Author: Sattar MN, Naqqash MN, Rezk AA, Mehmood K, Bakhsh A, Elshafie H, and Al-Khayri JM
Subjects: Animals, RNA, Double-Stranded genetics, Actins genetics, Actins metabolism, Insect Proteins genetics, Insect Proteins metabolism, Insect Control methods, RNA Interference, Weevils genetics, Larva genetics, Larva growth & development
Abstract: The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver, 1970) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is the most devastating insect-pest of palm trees worldwide. Synthetic insecticides are the most preferred tool for the management of RPW. Alternatively, RNA interference (RNAi) mediated silencing of crucial genes provides reasonable control of insect pests. Recently, we have targeted four important genes; ecdysone receptor (EcR), serine carboxypeptidase (SCP), actin and chitin-binding peritrophin (CBP) in the 3rd and 5th instar larvae RPW. The results from 20 days trial showed that the survival rate of 3rd instar larvae fed on SCP and actin dsRNAs exhibited the lowest survival (12-68%). While, in the 5th instar larvae, the lowest survival rate (24%) was recorded for SCP after 20 days of incubation. Similarly, the weight of the 3rd and 5th instar larvae treated with SCP and actin was significantly reduced to 2.30-2.36 g and 4.64-4.78 g after 6 days of dsRNA exposure. The larval duration was also decreased significantly in the larvae treated with all the dsRNA treatments. The qRT-PCR results confirmed a significant suppression of the targeted genes as 90-97% and 85-93% in the 3rd and 5th instar larvae, respectively. The results suggest that the SCP and the actin genes can be promising targets to mediate RNAi-based control of RPW., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests., (Copyright: © 2024 Sattar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2024
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27. Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review.

Author: Thareja S, Mandapalli R, Shaik F, Rajeev Pillai A, Palaniswamy G, Sahu S, Cherukuri SP, and Younas S
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent interruptions in breathing during sleep and is associated with a wide range of significant health concerns, particularly cardiovascular complications. This review focuses on the two primary forms of sleep apnea, namely, obstructive and central, with OSA being the most prevalent and commonly linked to conditions, such as hypertension, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Intermittent hypoxemia, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, systemic inflammation, and remodeling of the ventricles are some of the pathophysiological mechanisms that link OSA to cardiovascular disease (CVD). These all lead to higher oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. These processes elevate the risk of CVDs, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and examined studies published over the last 15 years. The search strategy utilized key terms such as "sleep disorder," "apnea," "hypertension," "cardiovascular disease (CVD)," and "treatment outcomes" across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 128 unique studies were identified, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. These studies consistently highlighted the significant role OSA plays in exacerbating cardiovascular risks, particularly in patients with comorbid conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Thareja et al.)
Published: 2024
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28. Surfactant-Assisted Wet Granulation-Based Matrix Tablets without Exceptional Additives: Prolonging Systemic Exposure of Model BCS Class II Ketoprofen.

Author: Shamim R, Shafique S, Hussain K, Abbas N, Ijaz S, and Bukhari NI
Subjects: Humans, Male, Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacokinetics, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal administration & dosage, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal chemistry, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods, Young Adult, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry, Polyvinyls chemistry, Drug Compounding methods, Drug Liberation, Area Under Curve, Excipients chemistry, Ketoprofen administration & dosage, Ketoprofen pharmacokinetics, Ketoprofen chemistry, Tablets, Surface-Active Agents chemistry, Delayed-Action Preparations pharmacokinetics, Delayed-Action Preparations administration & dosage, Solubility, Biological Availability
Abstract: The present study was aimed to ameliorate the issue of solubility and thereby, bioavailability of ketoprofen, a BCS Class II drug. The sustained release matrix tablets (MT) were prepared using surfactant-assisted wet granulation (SAWG) with 1-5% of different surfactants. The tablet characteristics were within the compendial limits. The selected sustained release-compliant matrix tablet formulation containing granules prepared using 3% Soluplus® (MT2) released the drug by swelling-erosion. In human volunteers, MT2 attained the maximum plasma concentration (C max ) of 5.72µg /ml ± 0.30 h, time to C max (T max ) of 5.56 ± 0.30 h and maintained the plasma concentration above its minimum effective concentration (MEC), 0.7 µg.ml -1 till 24h. A control formulation, prepared from granules without surfactant (MT16), promptly attained C max of 9.62 ± 0.76 µg/ml within 1h but rapidly declined to below MEC in 8h. Area under the curve from initial point to infinity (AUC 0-∞ ) of MT2 (78.65 ± 7.64 µg.h.ml -1 ) was 2.29 folds higher than 34.39 ± 3.06 µg.h.ml -1 of MT16. With decreased C max , increased AUC 0-∞ , delayed T max and retained ketoprofen concentration above MEC for longer time, MT2 corresponded with the in-vitro sustained drug release characteristic. There is a likelihood of administration of once-a-day single dose of MT2 without plasma fluctuations, expected from two doses of MT16. SAWG helped developing a swellable-erodible sustained release matrix tablet formulation of ketoprofen with the desired biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetics properties, merely by addition of Soluplus® in granules and without incorporation of any special ingredients or the major manipulation of the formulative ingredients in the formulation., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.)
Published: 2024
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29. Ligand modelling of Trachyspermum ammi phytocompounds for Aeromonas hydrophila cell wall synthesis enzyme in Labeo rohita .

Author: Sabir MB, Ashraf A, Saif R, Saeed M, and Zafar MO
Abstract: Aquaculture faces challenges from Aeromonas hydrophila , causing Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia, particularly affecting Labeo rohita (Rohu) in Pakistan. This study explores potential herbal antibacterials targeting A. hydrophila , molecular docking of Trachyspermum ammi (ajwain) phytocompounds against pathogen. The cell wall synthesis ligase, D-alanine-D-alanine ligase (PDB ID 6ll9) was processed in BIOVIA Discovery Studio and docked with 13 antibacterial phytocompounds found after QSAR analysis of T. ammi . Binding energies were calculated using PyRx to assess complex stability. ADME-TOX assessment for selected phytocompounds and parameterisation in CHARMM-GUI were performed. Docking the two best ligands with highest binding energies and ADME-TOX compliance, we found carvacrol and limonene formed most stable protein-ligand complexes, with raw and processed protein. Our findings suggest these herbal compounds can inhibit D-alanine-D-alanine ligase. These in-silico results support the potential of 'ajwain' in managing A. hydrophila , further in-vivo experiments are necessary to validate these inhibitory properties.
Published: 2024
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30. Shift in Demographic Involvement and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 From Wild-Type SARS-CoV-2 to the Delta Variant in the Indian Population: In Silico Analysis.

Author: Kumar A, Asghar A, Raza K, Narayan RK, Jha RK, Satyam A, Kumar G, Dwivedi P, Sahni C, Kumari C, Kulandhasamy M, Motwani R, Kaur G, Krishna H, Kumar S, Sesham K, Pandey SN, Parashar R, and Kant K
Abstract: Background: The Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was considered the most dangerous SARS-CoV-2 strain; however, in-depth studies on its impact based on demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are scarce., Objective: We aimed to investigate the shift in demographic and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic with the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant compared with the wild-type (WT) strain (B.1)., Methods: A cross-sectional study of COVID-19 cases in the Indian population caused by the WT strain (B.1) and Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 was performed. The viral genomic sequence metadata containing demographic, vaccination, and patient status details (N=9500, N Delta =6238, N WT =3262) were statistically analyzed., Results: With the Delta variant, in comparison with the WT strain, a higher proportion of young individuals (<20 years) were infected (0-9 years: Delta: 281/6238, 4.5% vs B.1: 75/3262, 2.3%; 10-19 years: Delta: 562/6238, 9% vs B.1: 229/3262, 7%; P<.001). The proportion of women contracting infection increased (Delta: 2557/6238, 41% vs B.1: 1174/3262, 36%; P<.001). However, it decreased for men (Delta: 3681/6238, 59% vs B.1: 2088/3262, 64%; P<.001). An increased proportion of the young population developed symptomatic illness and were hospitalized (Delta: 27/262, 10.3% vs B.1: 5/130, 3.8%; P=.02). Moreover, an increased proportion of the women (albeit not men) from the young (Delta: 37/262, 14.1% vs B.1: 4/130, 3.1%; P<.001) and adult (Delta: 197/262, 75.2% vs B.1: 72/130, 55.4%; P<.001) groups developed symptomatic illness and were hospitalized. The mean age of men and women who contracted infection (Delta: men=37.9, SD 17.2 years; women=36.6, SD 17.6 years; P<.001; B.1: men=39.6, SD 16.9 years; women=40.1, SD 17.4 years; P<.001) as well as developing symptoms or being hospitalized (Delta: men=39.6, SD 17.4 years; women=35.6, SD 16.9 years, P<.001; B.1: men=47, SD 18 years; women=49.5, SD 20.9 years, P<.001) were considerably lower with the Delta variant than the B.1 strain. The total mortality was about 1.8 times higher with the Delta variant than with the WT strain. With the Delta variant, compared with B.1, mortality decreased for men (Delta: 58/85, 68% vs B.1: 15/20, 75%; P<.001); in contrast, it increased for women (Delta: 27/85, 32% vs B.1: 5/20, 25%; P<.001). The odds of death increased with age, irrespective of sex (odds ratio 3.034, 95% CI 1.7-5.2, P<.001). Frequent postvaccination infections (24/6238) occurred with the Delta variant following complete doses., Conclusions: The increased involvement of young people and women, the lower mean age for illness, higher mortality, and frequent postvaccination infections were significant epidemiological concerns with the Delta variant., (©Ashutosh Kumar, Adil Asghar, Khursheed Raza, Ravi K Narayan, Rakesh K Jha, Abhigyan Satyam, Gopichand Kumar, Prakhar Dwivedi, Chetan Sahni, Chiman Kumari, Maheswari Kulandhasamy, Rohini Motwani, Gurjot Kaur, Hare Krishna, Sujeet Kumar, Kishore Sesham, Sada N Pandey, Rakesh Parashar, Kamla Kant. Originally published in the Interactive Journal of Medical Research (https://www.i-jmr.org/), 08.10.2024.)
Published: 2024
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31. Fluorescent Ionic Liquid Aggregates: A Self-Assembled Approach for Pesticide Detection and Catalysis.

Author: Akhtar T, Kaur K, Singh G, Kaur N, and Singh N
Abstract: The unregulated use of pesticides, industrial discharge of heavy metals, waste, and agricultural runoff may contaminate surface water and groundwater, consequently threatening ecosystems and human health. Thus, the sensitive detection and degradation of pesticides are essential for safety. In this context, herein, we have developed benzimidazolium-based fluorescent surfactant assemblies TA-1/SDS and TA-2/SDBS , which exhibit aggregation-induced emission enhancement in an aqueous medium. The aggregates ( TA-1/SDS and TA-2/SDBS ) displayed a turn-on emission response upon interaction with carbendazim and azamethiphos with limits of detection 7.5 and 7.8 nM, respectively. The FE-SEM and AFM studies revealed that TA-1/SDS and TA-2/SDBS undergo self-assembly with the addition of AZA and CBZ, resulting in the formation of dendritic structures. In addition to the quantification of AZA and CBZ, TA-1/SDS and TA-2/SDBS have also been evaluated to degrade both pesticides and validated using 31 P NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS spectrometry.
Published: 2024
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32. Investigation of 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity in combinational therapy: Influence of risk factors and demographics in a Pakistani population.

Author: Raza H, Javaid M, Rehman W, Rafiq S, Rashid Z, Shamim R, Jaradat A, and Yousif MD
Abstract: Introduction: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancers. Although widely used, it has consistently been attributed to cardiotoxicities after administration. The purpose of this study was to assess the parameters and predictors of cardiotoxicities associated with various 5-FU-based chemotherapeutic protocols in patients with GI/colorectal cancer, as well as the correlation of these cardiotoxic events with age, sex, cumulative dose, and risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and family history of cardiac diseases., Methods: A prospective study consisting of 396 patients of both sexes was conducted in the oncology ward of Nishtar Hospital in Multan, Pakistan. Patients were grouped according to the therapeutic protocol they received (5-FU monotherapy or in combination, with different dosing regimens). Electrocardiography and serum troponin levels were used to assess 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity. In cases where cardiotoxicity was detected, 5-FU treatment was interrupted; nitroglycerin, nitrates, and calcium channel blockers were administered; and cardiac monitoring was initiated. 5-FU was discontinued in all cases of acute myocardial infarction., Results: Of the 396 patients, 28.5% reported different cardiotoxic symptoms after receiving various 5-FU-containing protocols. 35% had anginal pain, 13% suffered a myocardial infarction, 11% developed hypertension, and 10% presented heart failure. Patients receiving 5-FU combination therapy showed cardiotoxic events that were significantly different from those on 5-FU monotherapy. Based on the ECG results, only the QTc-d interval increased significantly (p < 0.001) after therapy. 68% of the patients had troponin levels > 2 ng/mL at the end of treatment., Conclusions: Pre-existing cardiac diseases, treatment duration, smoking, and obesity were found to be influential components in the development of cardiotoxicity, and patients with cancer should be closely monitored during 5-FU chemotherapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Published: 2024
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33. Down-regulation of NF-κB signalling by methanolic extract of Viola odorata (L.) attenuated in vivo inflammatory and angiogenic responses.

Author: Andleeb F, Elsadek MF, Asif M, Al-Numair KS, Chaudhry SR, Saleem M, and Yehya AHS
Subjects: Animals, Rats, Male, Arthritis, Experimental drug therapy, Arthritis, Experimental metabolism, Arthritis, Experimental pathology, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Carrageenan, Rats, Wistar, Neovascularization, Pathologic drug therapy, Freund's Adjuvant, Angiogenesis Inhibitors pharmacology, Plant Extracts pharmacology, NF-kappa B metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Edema drug therapy, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation metabolism, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents isolation & purification, Methanol chemistry, Down-Regulation drug effects
Abstract: Intractable inflammation plays a key role in the progression of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Oedema and angiogenesis are the hall marks of chronic inflammation. The current study was aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects of the methanolic extract of Viola odorata (Vo.Me) on inflammation induced oedema and angiogenesis, and to identify the active principles and explore the molecular mechanisms thereof. Various models of inflammation were utilized in rats, including carrageenan- and histamine-induced acute oedema, as well as chronic models of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis and cotton pellet-induced granuloma. Anti-angiogenic activity was evaluated by CAM assay followed by quantification of phytoconstituents through HPLC. Effect of Vo.Me treatment on the expression of various mediators (PGE-2 and NO) and genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, and COX-2) were explored by qPCR and ELISA assays. HPLC analysis showed the presence of quercetin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, benzoic acid, m-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, synergic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, and cinnamic acid in Vo.Me. Significant dose-dependent inhibition of rats' paw oedema was observed in the Vo.Me administered groups (p < 0.05) in both acute and chronic inflammatory models. Moreover, at a dosage of 500 mg/kg, Vo.Me exhibited a comparable anti-inflammatory effect to indomethacin (p > 0.05). Additionally, Vo.Me demonstrated a remarkable anti-granulomatous activity. Histopathological findings demonstrated amelioration of inflammation in animal paws which were treated with Vo.Me and indomethacin. CAM assay also displayed significant inhibitory effect of Vo.Me on the blood vasculature growth. Vo.Me treatment also caused relatively less gastric irritation and hepatic damage as compared to indomethacin. At a molecular level, the down-regulation of NF-κB signalling leading to the decreased activation of pro-inflammatory mediators (such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2) and their downstream molecules including prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) and nitric oxide (NO), is suggested to be responsible for these diverse anti-inflammatory effects. These findings confirmed the promising anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of Vo.Me, which warrant bench-to-bedside translational studies to assess its safety and suitability for clinical usage., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Published: 2024
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34. Vascular Leukoencephalopathy Associated Chorea Due to A Heterozygous Htra 1 Variant: Novel Presentation of Cadasil Type II.

Author: Nazir A, Zafar A, Jones E, and Awan M
Published: 2024
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35. Fabrication of three-dimensionally printed polylactic acid nasal stent prosthesis for postnasal reconstruction using extraoral scanning and photogrammetry techniques: A report on two patients.

Author: Rathee M, Divakar S, Singla S, and Tomar SS
Subjects: Humans, Prosthesis Design, Male, Nose Neoplasms surgery, Nose surgery, Rhinoplasty methods, Middle Aged, Female, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Photogrammetry, Polyesters, Stents
Abstract: Severe and combined nasal defects associated with trauma or neoplasm excision can cause significant functional and esthetic problems. To avoid nasal synechia following reconstructive surgeries, a nasal stent prosthesis is required to act as an internal scaffold to support the graft and residual tissues. The purpose of the stent is to maintain internal airway patency and to prevent collapse and contracture of the donor tissues. A conventional nasal stent prosthesis has disadvantages, including the difficulty in maintaining adequate thickness and internal patency during fabrication. Hence, this clinical report introduces the fabrication technique for 3-dimensionally printed polylactic acid nasal stent prostheses using extraoral scanning and photogrammetry methods., (Copyright © 2024 Editorial Council for The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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36. In vitro and in vivo modulatory effects of fluoxetine on gene expression and antioxidant enzymes in CFA-induced chronic inflammatory model: drug repurposing for arthritis.

Author: Irfan HM, Anjum A, Asim MH, Rasheed SU, Alamgeer, and Siddique F
Subjects: Animals, Rats, Male, Gene Expression drug effects, Rats, Wistar, Disease Models, Animal, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors pharmacology, Fluoxetine pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Arthritis, Experimental drug therapy, Arthritis, Experimental metabolism, Freund's Adjuvant, Drug Repositioning methods, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation metabolism
Abstract: Fluoxetine, being a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, has been broadly used to modulate the neurotransmission of serotonin in the central nervous system. Fluoxetine performs a number of crucial central nervous system-related tasks, including neuroprotective effects against microglial neurotoxicity and protecting oxidative cell damage produced by stress in a variety of stress-related unfavourable health disorders. Studies have shown that the drug (fluoxetine) also has analgesic and anti-inflammatory characteristics in addition to its other basic benefits. Furthermore, existing treatment approaches (NSAIDs, DMARDs, corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants) for RA have limited effects on chronic immunological models. These facts served as the basis for carrying out a study on fluoxetine to explore its therapeutics in a chronic inflammatory rat model called Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis. The therapeutic effect of the fluoxetine in FCA-induced arthritic rats was assessed by paw volume, paw diameter, arthritic index and body weight at specific days through the experiment of 28 days. These findings were further co-investigated by haematological, biochemical parameters and radiographic imaging at the end of experiment. Furthermore, the modulatory effects on gene expression (NF-κB, PGE2, COX2, INF-γ, IL-4 and IL-10) and antioxidant properties were gritty using qRT-PCR and ELISA kits, respectively, in experimental arthritic rats. Fluoxetine at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg doses reduced (p < 0.001) the serum concentration of C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor as well as suppressed the expression of PGE2, NF-kB, COX2 and INF-γ when compared to arthritic control. Moreover, fluoxetine (at higher doses) caused significant rise of IL-4 and IL-10. These findings supported the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of fluoxetine in chronic inflammatory model and endorsed it for clinical trials., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Published: 2024
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37. Microwave-assisted, sulfhydryl-modified β-cyclodextrin-silymarin inclusion complex: A diverse approach to improve oral drug bioavailability via enhanced mucoadhesion and permeation.

Author: Arshad S, Raza SA, Alamgeer, Bukhari SNA, Alotaibi NF, Ahmad N, Irfan HM, Mahmood A, and Asim MH
Subjects: Animals, Administration, Oral, Humans, Permeability, Caco-2 Cells, Male, Goats, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, Drug Liberation, Rats, Drug Carriers chemistry, beta-Cyclodextrins chemistry, Biological Availability, Solubility, Sulfhydryl Compounds chemistry, Microwaves, Silymarin chemistry, Silymarin pharmacokinetics, Silymarin administration & dosage, Silymarin pharmacology
Abstract: The current study aimed to generate a sulfhydryl-modified β-cyclodextrin-silymarin complex (sulfhydryl-modified β-CD-SMN complex) and to evaluate the enchantment in solubility, permeability, and bioavailability of a model BCS Class IV drug silymarin (SMN). For this purpose, sulfhydryl-modified β-CD was synthesized by replacing all primary and secondary -OH groups at the β-CD backbone with sulfhydryl groups via a novel microwave-assisted technique. Afterward, sulfhydryl-modified β-CD was complexed with silymarin and characterized by FTIR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, no. of sulfhydryl groups and their oxidative stability, solubility, safety, mucoadhesion, release, diffusion, and rheological studies were performed. Furthermore, in-vivo studies were conducted to confirm enhanced pharmacokinetic properties of silymarin. Sulfhydryl-modified β-CD showed 8291 ± 418 μmol/g sulfhydryl groups that were prone to oxidation at pH ≥ 5, however, most of the sulfhydryl groups were found stable at pH 4 having a pKa value of 8.3. Modified β-CD oligomer showed improved solubility of SMN, significantly enhanced drug transport across goat intestinal mucosa, 78-fold improved mucoadhesion, improved drug dissolution and 4.4-fold enhanced dynamic viscosity. No toxic effects were reported to Caco-2 cells at 0.5% (m/v) concentration of sulfhydryl-modified β-CD for 24 h. The apparent permeability coefficient (P app ) of SMN was 6.9-fold enhanced on goat intestinal mucosa. Moreover, in-vivo studies confirmed a significantly enhanced oral bioavailability of SMN due to combination with sulfhydryl-modified β-CD. Based on these findings, the sulfhydryl-modified β-CD-silymarin inclusion complex can be a promising technique to enhance the bioavailability of BCS Class IV drugs via enhanced solubility, mucoadhesion, and permeability triple action., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2025
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38. Acid-catalyzed Transformation of Nitrite to Nitric Oxide on Copper(II)-Cobalt(II) Centers in a Bimetallic Complex.

Author: Biswas J, Kulbir F, Bhardwaj P, Ghosh S, Chandra Sahoo S, Apfel UP, and Kumar P
Abstract: Nitrite (NO 2 - ) serves as a pool of nitric oxide (NO) in biological systems under hypoxic conditions, and it is transformed to NO by nitrite reductase (NiR) enzyme in the presence of acid (H + ions). However, NO synthases (NOSs) generate NO via L-arginine oxidation in normoxic conditions. Previously, acid-induced NO 2 - reduction chemistry was modeled on mono-metallic 3d-metals, generating metal-nitrosyls or NO (g) with H 2 O or H 2 O 2 products. Herein, to understand the relative potency of a bimetallic system, we report the acid-induced reductive conversion of η 2 -bound NO 2 - to NO on Cu II -Co II centers of a hetero-bimetallic Cu II -nitrito-Co II complex, [(LN 8 H)Cu II -NO 2 - -Co II ] 3+ (Cu II -NO 2 - -Co II , 2) bearing an octadentate N 8 -cryptand ligand (LN 8 H). The Cu II -NO 2 - -Co II generates [Cu II (LN 8 H)Co II ] 4+ (1) upon reaction with one equiv. acid (HClO 4 , H + ions source) with NO (g) via a presumed transient nitrousacid (ONOH) intermediate species. Likewise, this NO 2 - reduction was found to form H 2 O, which is believed to be from the decomposition of H 2 O 2 , an intermediate species. In addition, complex 2, in the presence of more than one equiv. H + ions also showed the formation of NO (g) with H 2 O. Mechanistic investigations, using 15 N-labeled- 15 NO 2 - , 18 O-labeled- 18 O 14 N 16 O - and 2 H-labeled-DClO 4 (D + source), revealed that the N-atom and O-atom in the 14/15 NO and 14 N 18 O gases are derived from NO 2 - ligand and H-atom in H 2 O derived from H + -source, respectively., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
Published: 2024
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39. Effectiveness of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Enhancing Clinical Outcomes for Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Analysis.

Author: Myneni P, Bodduluri M, Gadde ST, Nimmagadda R, Manvitha M, Valiveti SC, Sahu S, and Younas S
Abstract: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a structured intervention aimed at improving the clinical outcomes for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This systematic review assesses how well different types of CR, such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), Nordic walking (NW), and home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR), improve exercise capacity, quality of life, and lower death and illness rates. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of cardiovascular rehabilitation programs in enhancing clinical outcomes for patients diagnosed with CAD. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model across Google Scholar, EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, and web browsers. Keywords such as "cardiac rehabilitation," "coronary artery disease," "exercise testing," "VO2 peak," and "physical activity" were used in different combinations. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials, observational studies, or longitudinal studies published after 2013 in English, with a focus on the impact of CR on CAD. Articles were excluded if they were reviews, meta-analyses, or did not meet the keyword requirements. A total of 375 articles were initially identified with relevant citations. After further screening, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The studies reviewed demonstrated that all forms of CR, including HIIT, MICT, NW, and HBCR, significantly improved exercise capacity and quality of life, and reduced depression severity among CAD patients. Nordic walking showed marked improvements in functional capacity, while HIIT resulted in higher VO2 peak levels compared to moderate-intensity exercise. Home-based CR showed greater adherence rates, especially among older patients and those with strong family support. The results also highlighted the importance of individualized exercise programs to enhance adherence and outcomes. Cardiac rehabilitation is a vital component of secondary prevention in CAD patients, significantly improving clinical outcomes, including exercise capacity, quality of life, and mortality rates. The findings underscore the importance of maintaining and expanding access to CR programs and tailoring interventions to patient needs to optimize long-term health outcomes. Future research should explore the comparative effectiveness of different CR modalities and strategies to increase patient adherence., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Myneni et al.)
Published: 2024
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40. Unveiling the Bioactive Potential of Bacterial Isolates from Extreme Environments of Pakistan by In Vitro and In Silico Approaches.

Author: Dilshad R, Jamil N, Naseem A, and Batool R
Subjects: Pakistan, Molecular Docking Simulation, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria classification, Bacteria metabolism, Bacteria genetics, Computer Simulation, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Escherichia coli drug effects, Bacillus metabolism, Bacillus isolation & purification, Bacillus chemistry, Bacillus classification, Bacillus genetics, Soil Microbiology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Antioxidants chemistry
Abstract: The soil hosts a wide array of bacterial species capable of producing diverse bioactive compounds. This research aimed to screen bacterial isolates for their bioactive potential from extreme environments in Pakistan. Out of the 69 isolates examined, only 7 exhibited antagonistic activity against Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli test strains. Notably, the B. cereus DS-2 strain demonstrated the highest antibacterial potential (31 mm and 15 mm) against the Bacillus and E. coli test strains, respectively. Mode-of-action studies suggested that the crude extract might have induced morphological abnormalities in the Bacillus sp. (test strain), causing cell contraction, chain breakage, and deformation. Furthermore, the B. cereus DS-2 strain displayed significant antioxidant potential (64.8%) as revealed by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the DS-2 crude extract led to the separation of six components, with only spots 3 and 4 exhibiting the antibacterial potential (3 mm and 5 mm, respectively). Subsequently, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the bioactive fraction extracted from TLC revealed the presence of diisooctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, and octadecanoic acid methyl ester. Molecular docking analysis of diisooctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate revealed their binding affinity against E. coli and Bacillus sp. targets. ADMET analysis confirmed the solubility, toxicity, and drug-like properties of the ligands based on Lipinski's rule of five. Current findings suggest that these compounds hold promise as antibacterial agents in drug development. This study underscores the diverse microbial community present in extreme environments and highlights the versatile applications of natural products derived from these strains., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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41. Evaluation of Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of the Seeds Extracts of Ficus carica: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches.

Author: Fayyaz S, Islam M, Ahmed A, and Saeed H
Subjects: Lipase antagonists & inhibitors, Lipase metabolism, Humans, Hyperlipidemias drug therapy, Ficus chemistry, Seeds chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Molecular Docking Simulation, Hypolipidemic Agents pharmacology, Hypolipidemic Agents chemistry, Hypolipidemic Agents isolation & purification
Abstract: Obesity and hyperlipidemia have become major disorders predominantly causing prevailing cardiovascular diseases and ultimately death. The prolonged use of anti-obesity drugs and statins for reducing obesity and blood lipid levels is leading toward adverse effects of kidneys and muscles, specifically rhabdomyolysis. The objective of this study is to evaluate potential of seeds of Ficus carica against hyperlipidemia. Various extracts and isolated compounds from fig seeds were analyzed and evaluated for their anti-hyperlipidemic potential. Methanol extract and its ethyl acetate fraction showed maximum pancreatic lipase inhibition of 61.93% and 86.45% in comparison to reference drug Orlistat. Four compounds isolated by HPLC-PDA technique were determined as Gallic acid, Catechin, Epicatechin, and Quercetin also showed strong potential to inhibit enzyme pancreatic lipase comparable to Orlistat. These isolated compounds were further analyzed for molecular docking and MM-GBSA studies. Three ligands, namely Quercetin, Epicatechin, and Catechin were found more effective against pancreatic lipase as these possessed docking scores (-9.881, -9.741, -9.410) higher to that of the reference ligand Orlistat (-5.273). The binding free energies of these compounds were -55.03, -56.54, and 60.35 kcal/mol, respectively. The results have shown that Quercetin has the highest binding affinity correlating with the highest inhibition of pancreatic lipase enzyme 1LPB. Hence, it is suggested that seeds of F. carica have promising anti-hyperlipidemic potential and foremost in reducing obesity., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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42. Bioassay-guided isolation and in silico study of antihyperlipidemic compounds from Onosma hispidum Wall.

Author: Saleem B, Islam M, Ahmed A, Saeed H, Imtiaz F, and Muzaffar S
Subjects: Biological Assay, Computer Simulation, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Phytochemicals chemistry, Phytochemicals isolation & purification, Molecular Docking Simulation, Hypolipidemic Agents chemistry, Hypolipidemic Agents pharmacology, Hypolipidemic Agents isolation & purification, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Lipase antagonists & inhibitors, Lipase metabolism, Lipase chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology
Abstract: Isolation of bioactive compounds from plants and their therapeutic evaluation is crucial in the pursuit of novel phytochemicals and contributes an indispensable role in drug discovery and design. The literature has documented the hypolipidemic effect of numerous Onosma species. Taking that into consideration, the current study was designed to isolate, purify and evaluate the antihyperlipidemic potential of leaves of Onosma hispidum Wall. For the first time, the bioassay-guided isolation led to the separation of 3 compounds that were identified by spectroscopic techniques as o-phthalic acid bis-(2-ethyl decyl)-ester (1), bis (2-ethyloctyl) phthalate (2), and 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methyl heptyl) ester (3). Lipase inhibition assay was utilized to scrutinize the antihyperlipidemic potential of methanolic extract fractions and subsequently isolated compounds. Further, the isolated compounds were employed for in silico studies via molecular docking, molecular mechanics with generalized born and surface area solvation (MM-GBSA), and MD simulations with Pancreatic Lipase Colipase (PDB ID: 1LPB). Molecular docking and MM-GBSA of isolated compounds were employed to explain the mode of binding between the protein-ligand complex and binding free energy calculation, respectively. Since compound (3) displayed the best docking score of -6.689 kcal/mol as compared to orlistat -5.529 kcal/mol with PDB: 1LPB. So, it was chosen for MD simulations to evaluate ligand stability and flexibility of the complex which was validated by the fluctuation of α-carbon chain, root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and type of interactions involved which authenticated the in vitro lipase inhibitory potential. Overall, in silico and in vitro results validated that compound (3) could be exploited as a promising pancreatic lipase inhibitor.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Published: 2024
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43. Development and evaluation of methotrexate-loaded nanoemulsion formulation for topical treatment of psoriasis.

Author: Rashid SA, Naseem F, Shah PA, Hashmi HB, Mazher M, Mubarak MS, Sharifi-Rad J, and Badar M
Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is becoming widespread and is associated with many kinds of additional severe diseases. The present study aimed to develop a methotrexate-loaded almond oil-based nanoemulsion formulation (MTX NE) for topical administration. The drug-loaded nanoemulsion formulation was prepared by high shear homogenization technique. The formulation's stability, as well as other physical and chemical characteristics, including entrapment effectiveness, drug release kinetics, skin permeability, skin irritation, and in vivo evaluation of the optimized formulation, was assessed. Additionally, imiquimod-induced psoriasis in rats was employed to investigate the efficacy of MTX NE against skin disorders. The MTX NE formulation was developed with a particle size of 18.74 ± 9.748 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.198 ± 0.01, and an average entrapment efficiency of 79.65 ± 3.84%. The release kinetics model estimates 81.08% drug release at pH 5.5 after 24 h. The major layers of the skin, the epidermis, and dermis were successfully fluidized by the optimized MTX NE formulation, as shown by FTIR results, most likely enhancing drug retention and permeability. However, since Tween 80 and PEG 400 are well-known penetration enhancers, their application greatly accelerates these effects. Permeation data indicate that after 24 h, methotrexate was released from the nano-emulsion at 76.83 ± 4.98 g/cm 2 with a flux rate of 2.385 ± 0.61 µg/cm 2 /h. The in vivo study conducted on rabbit skin showed that the enhanced skin penetration of the prepared MTX-loaded nanoemulsion formulation does not cause any structural modifications in the inter-cellular lipid layers of the stratum corneum. Rabbits used in the in vivo anti-psoriatic investigation demonstrated that MTX NE produced a 95% reduction in PASI. The pharmacokinetic profile revealed that the C max , T max , and t 1/2 values were 8.63 µg/mL, 12.5 h, and 17.77 ± 2.21 h, respectively. These findings suggest that the formulation MTX NE is effective in treating psoriasis and may reduce psoriasis symptoms., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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44. Prevalence of rapid calculus formers and its associated factors amongst patients visiting a dental hospital: a preliminary investigation.

Author: Thakur A, Kooner AK, Goel S, Jain R, Kaur P, Grover V, Arora S, Das G, Ahmed N, and Heboyan A
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Age Factors, Young Adult, India epidemiology, Sex Factors, Aged, Prevalence, Dental Prophylaxis, Adolescent, Time Factors, Dental Calculus, Oral Hygiene, Toothbrushing statistics & numerical data
Abstract: Background: This study focuses on the determination and classification of patients as rapid or slowcalculusformersbasedontherateofcalculusformationafteroralprophylaxis. It also aims to determine the factors that positively impact the formation and deposition of calculus in patients and identify the factors that accelerate or decelerate the deposition of calculus., Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University Chandigarh, India. We examined 51 patients after a month of the oral prophylaxis, recorded the amount of calculus present in the oral cavity, and then recorded a detailed history which was briefly divided into Age, Sex, Residence, Oral habits, and maintenance of oral hygiene., Results: An evident and meaningful link was found between age and the rate at which dental calculus forms. The average age of individuals differed significantly between the rapid and slow calculus formers, which could be ascribed to the decline in manual dexterity as age increases, resulting in less effective oral hygiene habits, including toothbrushing. None of the other factors dietary and oral hygiene related could be identified distinctly, probably owing to the small sample of the study. The oral health status exhibited a significant difference between slow and rapid calculus formers., Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, the data analyzed, identified age as a significant determinant that impact the rate of formation of calculus in patients and reported a significant difference in the oral health status of rapid and slow calculus formers., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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45. Effects of a High Trans Fatty Acid Diet on Kidney-, Liver-, and Heart-Associated Diseases in a Rabbit Model.

Author: Ismail H, Mubashar Z, Khan H, Naveed Z, Dilshad E, Bhatti MZ, Anwaar S, Saleem S, Mehmood S, Rahman A, Rashid U, Fouad D, De Waard M, and Batiha GE
Abstract: Trans fatty acids are specific unsaturated fats found in processed foods that undergo hydrogenation, leading to hepatic disorders such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and conditions like CVD and CKD. The effects of different food samples containing trans fatty acids (elaidic and oleic acid) on the liver, heart, and kidney through antioxidant enzyme activity were investigated in animal models. Liver function tests (ALT, ALP, AST, and LDH), heart biomarker levels (CPK, TC, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides), and kidney biomarker levels (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and serum uric acid) were examined in serum of rabbits and the histopathology of liver tissues. Results showed that these biomarkers were more elevated in the Mujahid Ghee group than in the normal control, oleic acid, and Kausar Ghee groups. The concentration of antioxidant markers such as peroxidase, glutathione, catalase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and superoxide dismutase were lower in the Mujahid Ghee group. HPLC showed that Mujahid Ghee had the highest quantified value of elaidic acid among all selected samples. Overall, this study demonstrated that elaidic acid in its purest form aggravated MAFLD in rabbit livers and provoked CVK and CVD.
Published: 2024
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46. Industrial prospects on regulatory gaps and barriers in pharmaceutical exports and their counteraction: Local experiential with global implication.

Author: Mubarak Z, Abbas N, Hashmi FK, Shahbaz H, and Bukhari NI
Subjects: Pakistan, Humans, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Commerce, Qualitative Research, Drug Industry
Abstract: Background: The pharmaceutical sector in Pakistan has grown over a period with export potential, however, there are certain barriers in the framework that regulate the growth and export of domestically manufactured pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this study was to highlight the current challenges that hinder the export of pharmaceuticals, especially to the countries with stringent regulatory authorities (SRA), as perceived by the domestic pharmaceutical industry experts, and to highlight the facilitators that may help to resolve the identified challenges., Methods: In a qualitative study, the data were collected from the consented experts from the pharmaceutical industries in Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar, and Quetta. Industrial experts with a minimum of 10 years of experience and who were serving at managerial levels or above were recruited through purposive sampling. The semi-structured interviews were conducted for the collection of data from industrial experts. Thematic content analysis was applied to conclude the data., Results: Data analysis generated 4 themes and 16 codes. The export of pharmaceuticals, despite having greater potential was regarded as poor, which was attributed to the following: (a) inadequate industrial research and development, particularly on new molecules (b) non-compliance with the cGMP standards, (c) absence of high-tech equipment, (d) unwillingness of the pharmaceutical companies for bioequivalence studies on their generics, (e) unavailability of locally manufactured active pharmaceutical ingredients, (f) disruption in the supply of imported raw material, (g) poor international market perception about local pharmaceutical products and (h) lack of support from regulatory in process expedition. The respondents also suggested the measures for overcoming the above challenges to boost the export of domestic pharmaceuticals and expand their international market share in countries with SRA., Conclusion: Export from Pakistan to the SRA countries can be enhanced with mandatory bioequivalence studies during generic registration. The pharmaceuticals export could effectively contribute to the national economy., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Mubarak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2024
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47. Variations in Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Incisors in a North Indian SubPopulation: A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis.

Author: Kaur BP, Rajdeep B, Ruchi V, Nishant M, Richa S, and Rigzin T
Abstract: Background: There is a high failure rate of endodontic treatment in the mandibular incisors due to insufficient knowledge of the morphology., Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the root canal morphology in mandibular incisor teeth in the North Indian subpopulation to improve the outcome of endodontic treatment., Setting and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the OPD of a tertiary care institute., Materials and Methods: A total of 200 mandibular central incisors and 200 mandibular lateral incisors were selected from available cone-beam computed tomography examinations of 100 patients aged 18-79 years. They were evaluated for root canal system configuration and symmetry between right and left elements in the same individual., Statistical Analysis: Chi-square/Fisher's exact test was used to find the association between different study variables., Results: For mandibular central incisors, type I Vertucci classification was present in 69% of cases, type II in 3.5%, type III in 18.5%, type IV in 2%, and type V in 7% of cases. For mandibular lateral incisors, type I was present in 70.5% of cases, type II in 4% of cases, type III in 19.5%, type IV in 2%, and type V in 4% of cases. There was no evidence of types VI, VII, and VIII. Symmetry of root canal morphology between left and right teeth was observed in 90% of central incisors and 93% of lateral incisors., Conclusion: Type I Vertucci configuration was the most prevalent; however, the prevalence of other configurations is also evident. Therefore, endodontists should explore the morphology of these teeth carefully while performing root canal treatments., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Contemporary Clinical Dentistry.)
Published: 2024
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48. Metabolic profiling of Verbena bonariensis L. extract by LC/MS and evaluation of the hepatoprotective potential with isoniazid- and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Author: Ishtiaq S, Rehman S, Kamran SH, Akhtar ZM, Albaik M, and Elhady SS
Subjects: Animals, Rats, Male, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Liver drug effects, Liver pathology, Liver metabolism, Protective Agents pharmacology, Protective Agents chemistry, Protective Agents isolation & purification, Rats, Wistar, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury prevention & control, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury drug therapy, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury pathology, Rifampin pharmacology, Isoniazid pharmacology, Verbena chemistry
Abstract: The study explored the hepatoprotective activity and metabolic profile of Verbena bonariensis L. methanol extract (VBM) and fractions using isoniazid as well as rifampicin-triggered liver toxicity in Wistar albino rats. Metabolite profiling of VBM using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS identified 12 compounds, mainly iridoids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids, where verbascoside represents the major compound. Different biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and total protein levels were used to assess liver functions. All the evaluated samples exhibited hepatoprotective potential, but VBM exhibited maximum activity and a notable decline in ALP (p < 0.05, significant), even better than the standard drug (silymarin). VBM significantly reduced the elevated ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin. It also triggered a significant elevation in total proteins compared with diseased animals. This was further consolidated by histopathological studies. Verbena bonariensis L. could serve as a potent hepatoprotective agent and may alleviate liver ailments., (© 2024 Deutsche Pharmazeutische Gesellschaft.)
Published: 2024
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49. Alzheimer's disease and drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier: approaches and challenges.

Author: Iqbal I, Saqib F, Mubarak Z, Latif MF, Wahid M, Nasir B, Shahzad H, Sharifi-Rad J, and Mubarak MS
Subjects: Humans, Animals, Biological Transport, Blood-Brain Barrier metabolism, Blood-Brain Barrier drug effects, Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Alzheimer Disease metabolism, Drug Delivery Systems methods
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a diverse disease with a complex pathophysiology. The presence of extracellular β-amyloid deposition as neuritic plaques and intracellular accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau as neurofibrillary tangles remain the core neuropathologic criteria for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. Nonetheless, several recent basic discoveries have revealed significant pathogenic roles for other essential cellular and molecular processes. Previously, there were not so many disease-modifying medications (DMT) available as drug distribution through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is difficult due to its nature, especially drugs of polypeptides nature and proteins. Recently FDA has approved lecanemab as DMT for its proven efficacy. It is also complicated to deliver drugs for diseases like epilepsy or any brain tumor due to the limitations of the BBB. After the advancements in the drug delivery system, different techniques are used to transport the medication across the BBB. Other methods are used, like enhancement of brain blood vessel fluidity by liposomes, infusion of hyperosmotic solutions, and local intracerebral implants, but these are invasive approaches. Non-invasive approaches include the formulation of nanoparticles and their coating with polymers. This review article emphasizes all the above-mentioned techniques, procedures, and challenges to transporting medicines across the BBB. It summarizes the most recent literature dealing with drug delivery across the BBB., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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50. Gene expression and anticancer evaluation of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Extracts using MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines.

Author: Kalsoom A, Altaf A, Sattar H, Maqbool T, Sajjad M, Jilani MI, Shabbir G, and Aftab S
Subjects: Humans, MCF-7 Cells, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, Female, HEK293 Cells, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Molecular Docking Simulation, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism
Abstract: In recent years, a cancer research trend has shifted towards identifying novel therapeutic compounds from natural assets for the management of cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the cytotoxic activity of Kigelia Africana (KA) extracts on breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and noncancerous kidney cells (HEK-293T) to develop an efficient anticancer medication. We used gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS to analyze the constituents of EKA and HKA extracts meanwhile the crystal violet and the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assays were used to examine the possible cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on our cancer cell lines along with non-cancerous control. The quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was run on cell samples to evaluate the differential expression of cell proliferative markers of cancer (BCL-2 and TP53). These phytochemicals have been reported to have binding affinity for some other growth factors and receptors as well which was evaluated by the in-silico molecular docking against Bcl2, EGFR, HER2, and TP53. Our Morphological observation showed a significant difference in the cell morphology and proliferation potential which was decreased under the effect of plant extracts treatment as compared to the control samples. The ethanol extract exhibited a marked antiproliferative activity towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 = 20 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR gene expression investigation revealed that the IC50 concentration of ethanolic extract regulated the levels of mRNA expression of apoptotic genes. With the target and active binding site amino acids discovered in the molecular docking investigation, TP53/Propanoic acid, 3-(2, 3, 6-trimethyl-1, 4-dioxaspiro [4.4] non-7-yl)-, methyl ester (-7.1 kcal/mol) is the best-docked ligand. The use of this plant in folk remedies justifies its high in vitro anti-cancer capabilities. This work highlights the role of phytochemicals in the inhibition of cancer proliferation. Based on all these findings, it can be concluded that EKA extract has promising anti-proliferative effect on cancerous cells but more study is required in future to further narrow down the active ingredients of total crude extract with specific targets in cancer cells., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Kalsoom et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2024
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