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Mastitis is one of the most considerable and costly diseases for dairy herds, and Staphylococcus spp. is known to be the main causative agent. Although antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of mastitis, this can cause both antibiotic residues in milk and the risk of antibiotic resistance occurrence in bacteria. Thus, in recent years, researchers have focused on alternative treatments for this disease and plants extracts are investigated for this purpose. Pomegranate is widely used as a dye, ornament, and medicinal plants in the industry, and the species has a particularly high economic value in Turkey. This study aims to investigate in vitro the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the pomegranate flower’s extracts against different Staphylococcus species associated with bovine mastitis. To this aim, pomegranate flowers were collected from different regions in Turkey and extracts were prepared with three different solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water). The retention factor values of the ethanol extract were determined by thin-layer chromatography. The antibacterial activity tests were carried out via the disk diffusion method. In addition, the extracts were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radicals for antioxidant activity. Four retention factors (0.79, 0.67, 0.58, and 0.33 points) were found for the ethanol extract. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibition zones against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus-37 (CNS-37) and S. aureus-18. The lowest MIC was 6500 μg/mL. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in methanol extracts. As a result, the extracts of pomegranate flowers showed a high antioxidant and antibacterial potential against the examined mastitis pathogens.

The objective of the study was to explore the effects of pomegranate juice (PJ) as a water supplement on performance, egg quality, and blood parameters in laying hens. For this purpose, a total of 72 Babcock laying hens, were divided into three groups, one control and two experiments (n = 24). Each main group consists of 4 subgroups, and each subgroup consists of 6 chickens. PJ was administered in drinking water at 0%, 5%, and 10% to the experimental groups for 4 weeks. Feed was offered to all groups ad libitum. The addition of PJ had no significant effect on performance parameters, Haugh unit, and egg breaking strength. The yolk color of the 5% PJ group was found to be lighter than the control and other experimental groups (P

Cancer is one of the major reasons for mortality across the globe. Many side-effects are associated with the formulations available in the market, affecting the quality of life of the patients. This has caused the researchers to find an alternative source of medications, such as herbal medicine, showing a promising effect in anticancer treatment; one such source is Pomegranate, which belongs to the family Punicaceae. Punica granatum contains many polyphenols that have antioxidant, antidiabetic, and therapeutic effects in the treatment and management of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, as well as a favourable effect on anticancer therapy. Polyphenols like punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid are a few of the many compounds responsible for the anticancer activity of pomegranate. Many preparations of pomegranate, such as Pomegranate Juice (PJ), Pomegranate seed oil (PSO), Pomegranate peel extract (PoPx), etc. are used in various clinical studies. These polyphenols show anticancer activity by either arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, inducing apoptosis or damaging the DNA of tumor cells. This review explicitly discusses the role and mechanism of bioactives obtained from the pomegranate in the treatment and management of cancer. The chemical structure, properties, and role of pomegranate in the treatment of breast, lung, thyroid, colon, and prostate cancer have been focused on in detail. This review also discusses various targeted drug delivery approaches for tumour treatment as well as patented preparation of pomegranate compounds along with the ongoing clinical trials.

Increasing trend in antimicrobial resistance and failure of chemically synthesized antibiotics lead to discover alternative methods for the treatment of bacterial infections. Various medicinal plants are in use traditionally and their active compounds can be further applied for treatment of bacterial diseases. This study was designed to determine the antibacterial activity of Punica granatum (P. granatum L.) (pomegranate) peel extract against Enterobacteriaceae [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and Shigella Dysenteriae (S. Dysenteriae)] and gram-positive bacterium [Staphylococcus aureus (Staph aureus)]. Methanolic extract of P. granatum L. peel was prepared by Soxhlet apparatus method. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents from the extract were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The antibacterial activity of P. granatum L. peel extract was evaluated through agar well diffusion method. HPLC showed the range of phenolics (gallic acid, caffeic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid) and flavonoid compounds. The chemical structures of flavonoid and phenolics found in the methanolic extract of P. granatum L. peel have been reported for the first time. The methanolic peel extract (50 ul) of yellow P. granatum L. showed 26, 10, 10 and 9mm zones of inhibition (ZOI) against S. aureus, S. Typhimurium, S. Dysenteriae and E. coli, respectively. The methanolic extract of red P. granatum L. (100 ul) showed 27, 8, 12 and 15 mm ZOI against Staph. aureus, S. Typhimurium, S. Dysenteriae and E. coli, respectively. Highest ZOI was observed against Staph. aureus. Many of the bacteria studied in the present work may cause serious gastrointestinal infections, which can lead to hemorrhagic diarrhea in children. These infections can be life-threatening to young children and the elderly. There is an incentive to find alternative control measures, such as plant and herbal extracts, especially in lesser-developed countries where traditional antibiotics may not be readily available.

In this study, it was aimed to determine certain tree and Fruit characteristics of important Standard and local pomegranate cultivars grown in Kocaköy (Diyarbakir) province. In this context, 2 pomegranate species (Hicaz and Zivzik), 5 local pomegranate species (Hınara Tırş, Hınara Zer, Hınara Meğoş, Hınar Şirin and Hınara Sor) and 2 local pomegranate genotypes (Hınar-1 and Hınar2) were studied. In the study, Fruit weights ranged from 129.90 -314.59 g; Fruit heights ranged from 54.78-74.28 mm; Fruit diameters ranged from 62.92-86.43 mm; Fruit Volume strange from 129.20-293.50 ml; Fruit juice amounts ranged from 34.90-90.90 ml; Fruit densities ranged from 1.0-1.23 gr/ml; 100 seed weights ranged from 24.46-37.690 g; calix heights ranged from 9.65-21.00 mm and calix diameters ranged from 16.40-27.60 mm. In addition, Soluble solid contents (SSC) ranged from 14.60-17.29% brix; total acidity ranged from 4.02-24.51%; pH ranged from 2.55-4.15 and shape indices ranged from 0.69-0.94. Moreover, sub skin color, upper skin color, seed hardness, fruit taste, seed color, upper fruit compartment, sub fruit compartment, compartment number, compartment appearance, easiness in separating arils and Fruit pulp weights of the genotypes and cultivars were also determined.

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an ancient fruit plant which has been consumed for its nutritional value and medicinal properties by mankind. Several studies have been carried out on the genetic variability and cultivar genetic finger printing of this plant species. Some of these studies claimed presence of very low degree of genetic variability in these cultivars, while some others reported a good level of genetic diversity in them. The similar controversy exists about the suitability of different molecular markers for genetic variability studies as well as cultivar discrimination. We therefore carried out the print study to compare the level of genetic variability as revealed by both nuclear (SSRs), and chloroplast genetic regions (trnH-psbA spacer, and matk gene) to reveal the discriminating power of these markers and provide some data on barcoding and mini-barcodes of pomegranate cultivars. We used both experimental data produced in our lab also utilized some published sequencing data from NCBI database. We used different bioinformatic approaches. DAPC analysis revealed that SSR markers are suitable for genetic variability analysis of pomegranate cultivars, but revealed some degree of genetic admixture among pomegranates. Therefore, these markers are suitable for gene flow studies but may not portray exact cultivar assignment. Both trnH-psbA and matK sequences could produce a better cultivar assignment. Barcoding and mini-barcode analyses revealed that pomegranates may be divided in two major genetic groups with some degree of divergence within these two major groups. Data indicates that, pomegranate plants possibly migrated or were introduced from Iran to the other parts of the world and it was accompanied with genetic divergence as discussed in this report.

The effects of soil invertebrates (earthworms) and AM fungus fertilizers were observed alone and together on the growth of Punica granatum and on the reproduction of herbivores (Aphis punicae). Pomegranate plants were grown individually in pots containing sandy, silty, and clay soil. Plants were grown in soil containing: a) no added fauna, b) earthworms, c) AM fungus fertilizers, and d) AM fungus fertilizers and earthworms. As a result of the study, the highest number of shoots were observed in worm + fertilizer applied treatments and the lowest in the only worm used treatments. There was a significant difference between control (Pk) and worm + fertilizer (Psg) groups in shoot number (P

The objective of this study was to carry out the phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity in different solvent extracts against neonatal sepsis causing bacteria and identification of active compounds present in aqueous extract of Punica granatum peel. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, steroids and saponins in all solvent extracts. However, except in aqueous extract alkaloid, coumarins and quinones were present in all organic solvent extracts. Antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method at different concentrations showed a concentration-dependent zone of inhibition against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Among the identified compounds by HPLC/LC–MS analysis, a total of 23 compounds were reported in this study, and out of them, 17 compounds were found in P. granatum as per previous literature and five compounds were not described. Thus, the result indicates that aqueous extract of P. granatum peel contains different phytochemicals and presence of these bioactive compounds exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.

Natural phytochemicals isolated from medicinal plants acts as inhibitors for pathogenic microorganisms which causes contagious diseases to human beings. The present study was done to explore the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and aqueous-ethanol extract of Punica grantum leaves. The phytochemical analysis of both the extracts revealed the presence of total phenolics & flavonoids at varied concentration. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was carried out by disc diffusion method. Both the aqueous and aqueous-ethanol extract showed the antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, Shi. dysentriae & Shi. flexineri. The antimicrobial activity of the Punica grantum leaves extracts could be attributed by the presence of phenolics and flavonoids.

It was aimed at determining which polyphenolic compound(s) in pomegranate mesocarp extract (PME) is liable for the antioxidant, anti-glycation and anti-CD36 activities.The PME was fractionated usin...

The present study was included the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs synthesized by Punica granatum peel extract against pathogenic bacteria by testing warm aqueous P. granatum peel extract and silver nanoparticles. Punica granatum indicated potency for AgNP extracellular nanobiosynthesis after addition of silver nitrate (AgNO3) 4mM to the extract supernatant, in both concentrations (100mg and 50mg). The biogenic AgNPs showed potency to inhibit both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial growth. Zons of inhibition in (mm) was lesser in gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. The resulted phytogenic AgNPs gave higher biological activity than warm aqueous Punica granatum peel extract. The inhibition zone of the phytogenic AgNPs on E. coli reached 17.53, 22.35, and 26.06 mm at (0.1, 0.5, and 1) mg/ml respectively. While inhibition zones of Punica warm aqueous extract reached 5.33, 10.63, and 16.08 mm at the same concentrations. phytogenic AgNPs gave smaller inhibition zones in gram-positive than gram- negative. Cytotoxic activity of the phytogenic AgNPs was assayed in vitro agaist human blood erythrocytes (RBCs), spectroscopic results showed absorbance at 540 nm hemolysis was observed. In general, AgNPs showed least RBCs hemolysis percentage, at 1 mg/ml concentration, hemolysis percentage was (4.50%). This study, concluded that the Punica granatum peel extract has the power of synthses of AgNPs characterized by broad spectrum antimicrobial activity with cyto-toxicity proportional to AgNPs concentration.

Individual and interaction effects of plant growth regulators and fertigation on quality of pomegranate were investigated. Maximum mean polar diameter (9.59 cm), equatorial diameter (8.10 cm), fruit weight (206.06 g),fruit volume (190.86 cc), number of arils per fruit (416.81), aril weight per fruit (146.35 g), weight of 100 arils (35.86 g) and aril per cent (70.92 %) along with minimum specific gravity (1.090), rind thickness (5.15 mm), rind per cent (29.09%) and fruit cracking (5.58%) were recorded in F2 (100 per cent RDF through fertigation). Similarly, spray of 100 ppm NAA (N2) and 250 ppm ethrel (E2) significantly influenced the above characteristics of fruit. Treatment combination of 100 ppm NAA + 150 ppm ethrel + 100% RDF through fertigation (N2E1F2) gave better quality fruit over other treatments including control. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 623-631, 2021 (September)

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) arils are so perishable and have very short storability after extracting from the fruit peel. Therefore, several techniques have been used for the improvement of the arils’ storability. Among these techniques, edible films and coatings have a long history in food preservation; where most of the studies have focused on edible coatings. Therefore, present study aimed to test the performance of clove extract incorporated gelatine/glycerine based edible film covered PET packaging on the ready-to-eat ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate arils. Edible films were prepared in 4 different compositions, including; EF1: only gelatine and glycerine, EF2: gelatine/glycerine with clove extract, EF3: gelatine/glycerine with clove extract and some additives and EF4: gelatine/glycerine with only additives. Un-covered PET packages were then used as a control group. Studies were conducted with 35 boxes (each with 50 arils) in each group, and the boxes were stored at 4 ± 0.5 ºC and 90-95 % relative humidity for 14 days. Quality parameters were observed with 2-days interval. Results suggested that all of the four edible films are effective in preventing weight loss, mechanical damage, loss in sensory quality, reduction of soluble solids content, decline in titratable acidity and loss of ascorbic acid content of the pomegranate arils. The highest efficacy was noted from EF2 and EF3, which were incorporated with clove extract. According to the measured parameters, the edible films together with the PET packaging make it possible to store arils for 10 days with acceptable sensory quality., Nar (Punica granatum L.) taneleri kolay bozulabilir olduğundan, meyvenin kabuklarından çıkarıldıktan sonra depolanma süresi kısalmaktadır. Dolayısıyla tanelerin depolama süresi ve kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi için çeşitli teknikler kullanılmaktadır. Bu teknikler arasında, gıda muhafazasında uzun bir geçmişi olan yenilebilir filmler ve yenilebilir kaplamalar yer almakta olup, yapılan çalışmalarda daha çok yenilebilir kaplamalarla odaklanılmıştır. Bu nedenle, mevcut çalışma, tüketime hazır ‘Wonderful’ nar taneleri üzerinde PET ambalajı ile karanfil ekstraktı içeren jelatin/gliserin bazlı yenilebilir film kombinasyonunun performansını test etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Yenilebilir filmler 4 farklı kompozisyonda; EF1: sadece jelatin ve gliserin, EF2: karanfil ekstraktı içeren jelatin/gliserin, EF3: karanfil ekstraktı ve bazı katkı maddeleri içeren jelatin/gliserin ve EF4: sadece katkı maddeleri içeren jelatin/gliserin hazırlanmıştır. Yenilebilir film kaplanmamış ambalajlar ise kontrol grubu olarak kullanılmıştır. Her uygulama grubunda 35 kutu (her birinde 50 adet nar tanesi) ile çalışmalar yapılmış ve kutular 14 gün boyunca 4 ± 0.5 ºC ve % 90-95 bağıl nemde saklanmıştır. Muhafaza süresi boyunca 2 gün aralıklarla kalite parametreleri gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, dört yenilebilir filmin tamamının nar tanelerinde ağırlık kaybını, mekanik hasar oluşmasını, duyusal kalite kaybını, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı kaybını, titre edilebilir asitlik kaybını ve askorbik asit içeriğindeki azalmayı önlemede etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. En yüksek etkinlik, karanfil ekstraktı ile birleştirilen EF2 ve EF3'te kaydedilmiştir. Ölçülen parametreler doğrultusunda, PET ambalaj ile birlikte kullanılan yenilebilir filmlerin nar tanelerinin kabul edilebilir duyusal kalitesini 10 gün boyunca koruyabildiğini göstermiştir.

Cancer is one of the most dreadful diseases across the globe, with the advancement in this field a great advent has been achieved in treating cancer by various therapies like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, gene therapy, and many more but also the most serious concern associated with the available treatments are the toxicities or the side effects linked to them, apart from this the treatment of many malignancies are still not available, because of these such issues, tremendous research is still going on in the whole world to find a better and more potent treatment option for cancer. Cancer develops due to the synergistic effects of both genetic and epigenetic factors. The mutations that change the normal functioning of the genes are responsible for cancer. Various genes are associated with cancers; many genes are commonly found to be mutated in diverse cancer types. In the present work, the genetic co-relation among the top five common cancers in Indian women has tried to be established, after that the identification of the hub gene was carried out with the use of CytoHubba module of Cytoscape. The hub gene product signaling pathway was then targeted for molecular docking with phytoconstituents of Punica granatum while the stability of the docked protein and ligand complex was validated through Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Parasitic gastroenteritis (PGE) is one of the most important parasitic diseases that causes economic losses and health problems in ruminants. PGE causes a drop in milk, meat, and wool production in addition to decreasing animal fertility and sometimes leading to animal death. Conventional anthelmintics used for animal treatment are expensive, especially for farmers in developing countries. Moreover, the concern of anthelmintic resistance to these synthetic drugs is rising. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of plant extract pomegranate (Punica granatum L) peel extract (PPE) against PGE infestations among ruminants. A total of 120 ruminants of different species (20 cattle, 12 buffalos, 68 sheep, and 20 goats) were examined for PGE eggs in their fecal samples. The animals under experiment were divided into four groups: the first group (negative control) was not given any drugs, the second group was given ivermectin (0.5 ml/25 kg bwt) (positive control 1), the third group was given albendazole (2.5 mg active principle/kg bwt) (positive control 2), and the fourth group was given PPE (200 mg/kg bwt). Fecal egg count (FEC) was performed on day 0 prior to the 1st dose of treatment. On day 15, an additional treatment (with the same doses) was administered and FEC was performed on days 7 and 21. Our results showed that on the 7th day of the experiment, there was an increase in FEC in the negative control group by 5%, while in the second, third, and fourth groups, there was a decrease in FEC with 95%, 90%, and 85% respectively. On the 21st day (7 days from the second dose), there was an increase in FEC in the control group by a 10% and 100% reduction in FEC in both the second and third groups. While in the fourth group, there was a decrease in FEC by 97%. In conclusion, PPE could be used as a safe, cheap, and effective natural anthelmintic against PGE.

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), is one of the ancient and highly praised favorite fruit belong family Lythraceae of Myrtales order which is mainly grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In recent years for there are many constraints for successful cultivation of pomegranate, among them, pest and diseases are the major ones. Common pathogens of pomegranate leaf and fruits include Alternaria fruit spot, Anthracnose and Cercospora leaf spot and these pathogens cause severe loss to pomegranate crop. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to know the effect of Isopyrazam 12.5% + Difenoconazole 12.5% w/v (250 SC) against anthracnose, leaf spots and fruit rot of pomegranate during 2017–18 and 2018–2019 at College of Horticulture, Hiriyur. Experimental results revealed that all the treatments significantly reduced the leaf spots and fruit rot disease severity over untreated control. Amongst all the treatments in both season (2017–18 and 2018–19) Isopyrazam 12.5% + Difenoconazole 12.5% w/v (250 SC)@ 1 ml/liter was most effective in management of Alternaria fruit spot (3.1 and 2.4 PDI), anthracnose (3.8 and 3.2 PDI) and Cercospora leaf spot (3.6 and 3.65 PDI) respectively which was followed by the same fungicide @ 0.8 ml/lit, which was next best in the management of Alternaria fruit spot (3.4and 2.8 PDI), anthracnose (4.5 and 3.6 PDI) and Cercospora leaf spot (4.6 and 4.4 PDI) respectively when compared to the other treatments and high yield level of 11.0 kg/plant and 11.4 kg/plant was recorded in Isopyrazam 12.5% + Difenoconazole 12.5% w/v (250 SC) @ 1 ml/liter during 2017–18 and 2018–19 respectively.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of pomegranate peel’s extract and the cytotoxicity on the human dermal fibroblast primary cells to rationalize the safe usage of this extract. The antibacterial efficiency of ethanol extract of pomegranate peels was evaluated against Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC 67101, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Burkholderia cepacia, Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter freundii and Cedecea neteri by disc diffusion and microdilution assays. At the same time, the effects of this extract on the human dermal fibroblast primary cells were determined by WST-8 assay. The ethanol extract of pomegranate peels was potentially effective with different efficiency against A. baumannii, E. coli, S. aureus MRSA ATCC 67101, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, S. epidermidis, B. cepacia, B. cereus, C. freundii, and C. neteri at MIC's ranged from 100 to 500 μg mL-1. However, it exhibits no inhibition activity against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. The ethanol extract of Punica granatum L. peel exhibited no cytotoxic activity against the normal human dermal fibroblast primary cells. According to results it may be suggested that this extract possess antibacterial properties and the safety, and therefore, it can be used as a natural preservative ingredient in many industrial products.

The present investigation was carried out at ICAR-CIAH, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India during 2017 to 2019 to regulate crop production in pomegranate at the desired period with higher number of bisexual flower for higher quality fruit yield and to minimize fruit splitting through water stress, pruning and ethrel application. Pooled data analysis revealed that horticultural interventions, chemical treatments and their interactions significantly improved plant volume, bisexual flower number, maturity index, fruit yield with significant reduction in fruit splitting, mite and fungal spot incidence. Among different treatment combinations, maximum canopy volume, number of bisexual flowers, maturity index, fruit yield and lower fruit splitting were recorded (8.56 m3, 85.11 plant-1, 47.81, 124.01 q ha-1 and 1.87 kg plant-1) in withholding irrigation during June+pruning+thinning+ethrel 2 ml l-1 as compared to absolute control (3.41 m3, 75.62 plant-1, 33.35, 85.66 q ha-1 and 2.41 kg plant-1), respectively. The mite and fungal spot incidence were recorded minimum (4.72 and 8.50%) in withholding irrigation during June+pruning+thinning+ethrel 3 ml l-1 application in comparison to maximum recorded in absolute control (29.73 and 33.68%), respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that withholding irrigation during June+pruning+thinning with ethrel 2 ml l-1 treatment significantly improved quality fruit yield with higher number of bisexual flowers and reduced fruit splitting through induction of flowering and fruit growth during optimal climatic conditions.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a native tree of Iran and cultivated throughout the world including Himalayan regions of Pakistan and India. Pomegranate fruit is also considered as a medicinal fruit. It can act as antioxidant, anti-tumoral or anti-hepatotoxic agents, and improve cardiovascular health. Pomegranate fruit is cultivated in Gollapor vellay, Diamer, Gilgit and Ghizer areas of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Pomegranate fruit borer (Virachola isocrates) is the main insect pest infesting the fruit orchards in this region. Present study was designed to evaluate the infestation level of pomegranate fruit borer against different commercial insecticides available to local formers. Two commercially available insecticides chloropyrifos and cypermethrine along with neem seed oil were used against the pomegranate fruit borer. Results of the study showed that cypermthrin was recorded with maximum efficacy against V. isocrates followed by chloropyrifos. All the treatments were significantly different from each other. Neem oil was also evaluated as effective treatment to reduce infestation in pomegranate orchards. This study will be helpful in control program of pomegranate fruit borer for this region and will also be very helpful to local pomegranate growers for selection of effective insecticide for the management of pomegranate fruit borer.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a widely used fruit, which contains several interesting bioactive compounds and possess health-promoting properties. Seeing the importance of this fruit, it is crucial to study its quality characteristics. Hence, in the current study, we assessed phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of different plant parts (leaves, rind and arils) of two pomegranate cultivars (Kesar and Ganesh). The analysis of phytochemical constituents in the cultivars revealed that, the content of phenolics ranged from 49.3 to 602 mg TAE/g plant material and the content of flavonoids ranged from 0.27 to 18.8 mg RE/g plant material. The maximum amount of phenolics and flavonoids was observed in the rind extracts as compared to the leaves and arils in both the cultivars. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity determined by different antioxidant models exhibited various degrees of antioxidant activity in different plant parts of the cultivars and was found to be highest in rind and aril extracts than that of leaves. Among the solvents methanol and ethanol gave highest extraction yields as compared to water and acetone. Total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly different with methanol and ethanol being the most efficient solvent and acetone being the least efficient one. Correlation between the antioxidant activity and phenolics and flavonoid content was found to be significant. Thus the results strongly indicated that there were significant differences between pomegranate cultivars. Generally the cultivar Ganesh has higher antioxidant activity as well as total phenolics and flavonoid content in comparison to Kesar.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal activity, phytochemistry, and toxicity of a saline extract obtained from peel of Punica granatum L fruits. The ovicidal activity was evaluated by the hatching inhibition of eggs recovered from fecal samples of naturally infected goats; the phytochemical analysis was carried out using the fruit peel; and the toxicity was tested on Artemia salina, using saline extract. The results showed that the ovicidal effect of the tested extract was 99% (25 mg mL−1), 99% (12.5 mg mL−1), 98% (6.25 mg mL−1), and 95% (3.12 mg mL−1), higher than that of the control drug, thiabendazole (83%). The phytochemical analysis showed presence of phenols, anthraquinones, and condensed and hydrolysable tannins in the fruit extract. The toxicity test of the extract of P. granatum showed an LC50 of 6.19 mg mL−1, which indicates a safe use for a concentration of 3.12 mg mL−1, since it was the tested concentration that was below the reliable LC50. The saline extract from peels of P. granatum has ovicidal activity, important secondary metabolites, and absence of toxicity at the lowest concentration tested. However, in vivo tests in experimental models are recommended before performing experiments in ruminants.

Pomegranate, Punica granatumL.(Myrtales: Lythraceae), is one of the most important fruits in Egypt, especially in Assiut Governorate. However, little is known about mite fauna and their population fluctuations in pomegranate orchards. In this study, the population fluctuations of two phytophagous mite species, Tenuipalpus punicae Pritchard & Baker (Acarida: Tenuipalpidae) and Oligonychus punicae Hirst (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), and their associated phytoseiid predators, Euseius scutalis Athias-Henriot (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) and Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), were investigated in two pomegranate varieties (Assiuty and Manfalouty) from three cities that produce pomegranates in Assiut Governorate. Mites were monitored monthly for 2 years beginning in October 2018. Of the phytophagous mites, T. punicae was the main mite pest; its population numbers were highest between July and September in both study years. In contrast, O. punicae reached its highest density between May and August. Notably, the numbers of both predatory mite species, E. scutalis, and N. barkeri, were associated with the densities of their prey, i.e., the aforementioned phytophagous mites.

Intermittent warming (IW) cycles slow down the physiology of fresh horticultural commodities, thereby extending their storage life. We investigated the effects of IW on physiological disorders, phy...

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and antimicrobial properties of four herbal mouthrinses on orthodontic patients with gingivitis Methods and Materials: A total of 60 individuals with fixed orthodontic therapy with established gingivitis were enrolled in this study. Well Diffusion method was used to formulate mouthrinses of freshly prepared fruit extracts from Punica granatum (Pomegranate), Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), Morinda Citrofilia L. (Noni) and Psidium guajava L. (Guava) and distilled water as control. The Plaque and Gingival Index scores were taken into consideration for assessing the effectiveness of mouthrinses against gingivitis. Results: ANOVA test showed significant difference between the groups for PI and GI score (p0.005). Conclusion: All the tested mouthrinses from fruit extract were equally effective in reducing gingivitis in individuals with fixed orthodontic theraoy suggesting that phytotherapeutic agents may be used in the future to inhibit oral microbial growth.

Assuming that herbal preparation is better with fewer side effects than synthetics, natural treatments are more effective than allopathy in terms of side effects for better human body healing. Herbal products have a growing demand in the world market, and the plants have been reported in the literature as having various pharmacological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic. The purpose of this study was to develop anti-aging poly-herbal cream by mixing the extract of Punica leaf, Neem Oil, Jamun powder, Carrot powder as the main ingredient, and then creams were developed based on the anti-oxidant ability of herbal extracts and performed their evaluation study. Punica granatam leaves were shade dried and extracted using the Soxhlet method with different solvents such as n-hexane, benzene, and alcohol. Fine extract powder was collected and removed distilled water thoroughly. The cream was formulated into different concentrations, namely F1, F2, F3, and F4. Similar types of research with similar components have been reported, but in this experiment, the formulation is different, and this work is kept cost-efficient and straightforward; it's an attempt to reduce few components and prepare cream and evaluate its potential. According to The International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use ICH guidelines, the cream was stable during stability studies, and F3 turned out to be a better formulation than the other three.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the protective potential of Punica granatum L. fruit rind extract (PFE) containing punicalagin (10.3% W/W), ellagic acid (EA) (2.7%W/W) in vincristine (75 µg/kg ...

It has been reported that peel of Punica granatum has antidyslipidemic activity. The aim of this research was to investigate the antidyslipidemic activity of Punica granatum leaf. The dried Punica granatum leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol. Rats were divided into several groups, which were normal, positive control, simvastatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw as reference group, and Punica granatum extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Before treatment, male Wistar rats were fed with high cholesterol chow for 3 months, and then plant extract was given for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at week 0, 12, 14, and 16 to measure the levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and triglyceride. Furthermore, at the last day of extract treatment, the aorta was isolated and haematoxylin-eosin stained. Administration of ethanol leaf extract of Punica granatum at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 2 weeks significantly reduced the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels up to 27.6% and 34.79%, respectively, compared to positive control group. After 4 weeks of extract treatment, the reduction of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level were up to 59.9% and 75.05%, respectively. There was no effect of extract on HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level. Furthermore, histological study showed that ethanol extract of P. granatum reduced aortic wall thickness significantly compared to untreated group. Punica granatum leaf is potential to be developed as an antidyslipidemic drug.

Objective: To observe the effects of nandrolone decanoateon renal tubules and its protection by punicagranatum (pomegranate) in mice. Study Design: Lab based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: One year in Anatomy department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in association with National Institution of Health, Islamabad. Methodology: Forty healthy BALB/c mice of both sexes with weight range of 2 5-30gms were equally disseminated into four groups, A as control while B, C and D as trial groups. Three trial groups were inoculated Nandrolone Decanoate 1mg per 100gm of body weight, through intramuscular injections in the hind limb, once weekly for eight weeks. Pomegranate nector was administered in animals of trial group C (3ml per kg of body weight) en route oral gavage tube daily, whereas animals in trial group D was administered pomegranate peel extract (200mg per kg body weight) via oral gavage tube daily for eight weeks. Evaluation of the outcomes of trial groups B, C & D was done amongst them and with control group A. Results: In nandrolone decanoate injected experimental group B, tubular necrosis were appreciated in comparison with control group A (p˂ 0.001), and showed statistical improvement when evaluation was done with pomegranate nectar and pomegranate peel extract treated trial groups C (0.001) and D (p=0.001), correspondingly. Conclusion: Punicagranatum in two forms, as nectar and peel extract, has almost identical curative effects on steroid administered renal tubular mutilation.