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This study focuses on the relationships between climate variability and wheat yield in Tashkent province. It contains a time series study of precipitation, temperature, and wheat yield, as well as the assessment of the link between yield and climatic factors and an examination of the influence of climate change on crop production using a regression model. Time series results of temperature present a positive trend in mean temperature in Bustanlik and Urtachirchik. Annual minimum temperature, the minimum temperature in spring, minimum temperature between September and May have changed significantly in Bustanlik over the years (p

Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues that occur human-induced with large-scale social, economic, and environmental impacts. Climate models, which have been widely performed in the last decades, allow a study of change in climate variables and their impact on the environment. The present study was conducted to study changes in temperature and precipitation between 2006-2041 in the southern part of Uzbekistan. The results showed that the average temperature decreased from 14.53 °C during 2006-2010 to 14.40 °C during 2011-2015. Monthly average minimum temperature ranges (increases) from east to west in the region during all months of the year for both shared socio-economic pathways in 2021-2040. The minimum and maximum precipitation amount constituted 11.23 mm and 55.91 mm in the region, correspondingly within 2006-2010, whereas these amounts increased during the second period (2011-2015), 11.96 mm and 60.28 mm. Precipitation will not change sharply from SSP2.6 to SSP8.5 from 2021 to 2040.

The oil well drilling and oil processing industries are globally the main contaminants of environmental condition caused by human economic activities. Oil spills have a negative impact on the environment, economy, and society. In this research, the effects of oil with different chemical contents on soil types formed in two soil-climatic conditions have been studied. The purpose of this research is to study the change of soil properties by oil pollution. The experiments have been conducted in irrigated and non-irrigated soils of the desert region of the Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya (Uzbekistan). The results have shown that aggregates (0.25; 0.5; 1; 2; 3; 5; 7; 10 mm) which are the important of soil fertility have changed by oil and oil production, and the changes have proven to be temporary. The effect of the 5% and 15% concentrations of oil, engine oil, petrol, kerosene has been studied. The aggregates 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm have the biggest change among aggregates, in fact, aggregates of 0.25 mm at the level of 5% of oil decreased by 27.02%, at the level of 15% of oil decreased by 99.8%, at the level of 5% of kerosene decreased by 2%, at the level of 15% of oil decreased by 98.1%. Aggregates of 0.5 mm at the level of 5% of oil decreased by 6.44%, at the level of 15% of oil decreased by 67.14%, at the level of 5% of kerosene decreased by 12.75%, at the level of 15% of oil decreased by 92.8%. Engine oil and Petrol at levels 5 and 15 have relatively rare changed. Also, as a result of oil and oil pollution, the total carbon dioxide in the soil has grown briefly, which is an anthropogenic carbon and insignificant for soil fertility and humus. As a result, an anthropogenic carbon increased in gray-brown soil (Durisols Technic, WRB) at 0 – 35 cm layer by 0.22%, irrigated meadow-alluvial soil (Fluvisols, WRB) by 0.31%, irrigated gray-brown soil (Durisols Technic, WRB) by 0.44%, irrigated Takyr-meadow soil (Calsisols, WRB) by 0.25%, Takyr soil (Calsisols, WRB) by 0.32%, sandy Desert soil (Durisols Technic, WRB) by 0.21%.

Most irrigated lands of Central Asia suffer from land degradation, and unsustainable agricultural practices are one of the factors contributing to land degradation. Conservation agriculture (CA) is seen as a way to mitigate land degradation and rationalize resource use. The aim of this article is to investigate the efficiency of CA implementation in the Syrdarya province of Uzbekistan, Central Asia by carrying out a cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The CBA was conducted for a hypothetical situation where the farm decides to switch from conventional agriculture to CA. Unlike the previous studies, this study investigates complete crop rotation cycle in the long-term period. The study outcomes suggest that investment in CA implementation results in positive incremental benefit if the advantages of CA are monetized.

This article analyses past and current state of plastic bags usage and reviews the major challenges in addressing the issue of its reduction with emphasis on failure and success of the chosen policy. Given the heterogeneous impacts of government policies, it is important to understand the consumer behaviour and motivation for purchasing plastic bags. This can help to make a fundamental shift in reduction of plastic bags usage by the demand side, which supplement government’s efforts to address the issue from the supply side.

The energy balance of eddy covariance (EC) measurements is typically not closed. This so-called energy balance closure (EBC) problem has been a long-standing issue in micrometeorology. It is a main challenge in evaluating and interpreting EC flux data. EBC is crucial for validating and improving regional and global climate models. To investigate the reasons behind EBC more closely for agro-ecosystems, we analysed EC measurements from two climatically contrasting regions (Kraichgau (KR) and Swabian Jura (SJ)) in southwest Germany. Data were taken at six fully equipped EC sites from 2010 to 2017. The gap in EBC was quantified by ordinary linear regression, by the energy balance ratio (EBR) between turbulent fluxes and available energy, and by the residual energy term. In order to examine potential reasons for differences in EBC, we compared the EBC under varying environmental conditions and investigated a wide range of possible controls. Statistical analyses were conducted for the whole data set to test the effects of different regions, years, sites and crops on EBC. We also investigated whether EBC was a function of buoyancy, friction velocity, or atmospheric stability. The time-variable footprints of all EC stations were estimated based on data measured in 2015, complemented by micro-topographic analyses along the prevailing wind direction. The lowest mean annual energy balance gap was 17 % in KR and 13 % in SJ. Highest EBRs were commonly measured for winds originating from the prevailing wind direction. The variation of EBC was higher in winter than in summer. The measurement site exerted a statistically significant effect on EBC, but not crop or region. The spread of EBR distinctly narrowed under unstable atmospheric conditions, strong buoyancy, and high friction velocities. Smaller footprint areas led to better EBC due to increasing homogeneity. Flow distortions of winds that first travelled past the back head of the anemometer affected EBC negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]