Search

Your search keyword '"Pugh, Thomas"' showing total 1,330 results
Start Over Author "Pugh, Thomas"
1,330 results on '"Pugh, Thomas"'

4. Proton therapy toxicity outcomes for localized prostate cancer: Long-term results at a comprehensive cancer center

Author

Sosa, Alan J., Rooney, Michael K., Thames, Howard D., Sanders, Jeremiah W., Swanson, David M., Choi, Seungtaek L., Nguyen, Quynh-Nhu, Mok, Henry, Kuban, Deborah A., Ron Zhu, X., Shah, Shalin, Mayo, Lauren L., Hoffman, Karen E., Tang, Chad, McGuire, Sean E., Sahoo, Narayan, Zhang, Xiaodong, Lee, Andrew K., Pugh, Thomas J., Mahmood, Usama, Davis, John W., Chapin, Brian F., Corn, Paul, Kudchadker, Reena, Ausat, Noveen, and Frank, Steven J.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Are Land‐Use Change Emissions in Southeast Asia Decreasing or Increasing?

Author

Kondo, Masayuki, Sitch, Stephen, Ciais, Philippe, Achard, Frédéric, Kato, Etsushi, Pongratz, Julia, Houghton, Richard A, Canadell, Josep G, Patra, Prabir K, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Li, Wei, Anthoni, Peter, Arneth, Almut, Chevallier, Frédéric, Ganzenmüller, Raphael, Harper, Anna, Jain, Atul K, Koven, Charles, Lienert, Sebastian, Lombardozzi, Danica, Maki, Takashi, Nabel, Julia EMS, Nakamura, Takashi, Niwa, Yosuke, Peylin, Philippe, Poulter, Benjamin, Pugh, Thomas AM, Rödenbeck, Christian, Saeki, Tazu, Stocker, Benjamin, Viovy, Nicolas, Wiltshire, Andy, and Zaehle, Sönke

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Life on Land, Southeast Asia, land-use changes, Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, book-keeping models, forest area, atmospheric inversions, Geochemistry, Oceanography, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Geoinformatics, Climate change impacts and adaptation
Abstract

Southeast Asia is a region known for active land-use changes (LUC) over the past 60 years; yet, how trends in net CO2 uptake and release resulting from LUC activities (net LUC flux) have changed through past decades remains uncertain. The level of uncertainty in net LUC flux from process-based models is so high that it cannot be concluded that newer estimates are necessarily more reliable than older ones. Here, we examined net LUC flux estimates of Southeast Asia for the 1980s−2010s from older and newer sets of Dynamic Global Vegetation Model simulations (TRENDY v2 and v7, respectively), and forcing data used for running those simulations, along with two book-keeping estimates (H&N and BLUE). These estimates yielded two contrasting historical LUC transitions, such that TRENDY v2 and H&N showed a transition from increased emissions from the 1980s to 1990s to declining emissions in the 2000s, while TRENDY v7 and BLUE showed the opposite transition. We found that these contrasting transitions originated in the update of LUC forcing data, which reduced the loss of forest area during the 1990s. Further evaluation of remote sensing studies, atmospheric inversions, and the history of forestry and environmental policies in Southeast Asia supported the occurrence of peak emissions in the 1990s and declining thereafter. However, whether LUC emissions continue to decline in Southeast Asia remains uncertain as key processes in recent years, such as conversion of peat forest to oil-palm plantation, are yet to be represented in the forcing data, suggesting a need for further revision.

Published
2022

9. Past decade above-ground biomass change comparisons from four multi-temporal global maps

Author

Araza, Arnan, Herold, Martin, de Bruin, Sytze, Ciais, Philippe, Gibbs, David A., Harris, Nancy, Santoro, Maurizio, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Yang, Hui, Málaga, Natalia, Nesha, Karimon, Rodriguez-Veiga, Pedro, Brovkina, Olga, Brown, Hugh C.A., Chanev, Milen, Dimitrov, Zlatomir, Filchev, Lachezar, Fridman, Jonas, García, Mariano, Gikov, Alexander, Govaere, Leen, Dimitrov, Petar, Moradi, Fardin, Muelbert, Adriane Esquivel, Novotný, Jan, Pugh, Thomas A.M., Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Stereńczak, Krzysztof, and Hein, Lars

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. A New Modelling Approach to Adaptation-Mitigation in the Land System

Author

Maire, Juliette, Alexander, Peter, Anthoni, Peter, Huntingford, Chris, Pugh, Thomas A. M., Rabin, Sam, Rounsevell, Mark, Arneth, Almut, Dodson, John, Series Editor, Kondrup, Claus, editor, Mercogliano, Paola, editor, Bosello, Francesco, editor, Mysiak, Jaroslav, editor, Scoccimarro, Enrico, editor, Rizzo, Angela, editor, Ebrey, Rhian, editor, Ruiter, Marleen de, editor, Jeuken, Ad, editor, and Watkiss, Paul, editor

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Entrepreneurs, fluctuations and dynamics within the wealth distribution

Author

Pugh, Thomas Michael

Subjects
330
Abstract

There has been substantial interest in inequality and the distribution of wealth for centuries. After changes beginning in the 1980's, rising income and wealth inequality at the top has become an important item on the policy agenda and in public discussion. This thesis develops the study of wealth inequality in two key directions - rstly, the study and use of mobility in wealth amongst households to understand and discriminate between the mechanisms and theories purporting to explain the highly concentrated distribution of wealth in the upper tail. Secondly, the study of interactions between entrepreneurship, which is prominent amongst the wealthy, and aggregate shocks to the economy. In Chapter One, I investigate wealth data in the UK nd that there is substantial mobility amongst the wealthy and large changes in wealth. In Chapter Two, I use these ndings to estimate a model incorporating multiple theories of the upper wealth distribution and identify that heterogeneity in returns has the best t to the data. In Chapter Three I turn to entrepreneurship, examining the impact of entrepreneurial constraints on the economy when responding to aggregate shocks. I nd evidence of increased dispersion amongst businesses during recessions and use this to calibrate uncertaintyand mobility- increasing `turbulence shocks amongst entrepreneurs. I nd that entrepreneurial behaviour ampli es TFP-style shocks and symmetric turbulence shocks have rich e ects, changing the distribution of wealth and delivering medium term decreased output and a spell of longer term increased output through slow capital reallocation. I conclude that the study of the top of the wealth distribution and entrepreneurship has signi cant implications, in terms of understanding the mechanisms behind inequality and the mechanisms that drive patterns in the business cycle.

Published
2019

13. Combining empirical and mechanistic understanding of spruce bark beetle outbreak dynamics in the LPJ-GUESS (v4.1, r13130) vegetation model.

Author

Lagergren, Fredrik, Jönsson, Anna Maria, Lindeskog, Mats, and Pugh, Thomas A. M.

Subjects
WINDFALL (Forestry), IPS typographus, BARK beetles, SALVAGE logging, WINDSTORMS
Abstract

For evaluating the forests' performance in a future with changing climate for different management alternatives, dynamic vegetation models are important tools. One of the functions in such models that has a big influence on the results is tree mortality. Bark beetles are important for the pattern of mortality in forest, especially for needle leaved forest in the temperate and boreal zones. The European spruce bark beetle (SBB, Ips typographus) has in the most recent years replaced wind as the most important disturbance agent in European forests. Historically, SBB damage is typically triggered by wind storms as they create breeding material with no defences to overcome for the beetles. Drought can contribute to increased damage and prolonged outbreaks by lowering the defence of the trees, but has been the main driver of some of the European forest damage in the last decade. In this study we implemented a SBB damage module in a dynamic vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS) that includes representation of wind damage and forest management. The module was calibrated against observations of storm and SBB damage in Sweden, Switzerland, Austria and France. An index of the SBB population size that changed over time driven by phenology, drought, storm felled spruce trees and density of the beetle population, was used to scale modelled damage. The model was able to catch the start and duration of outbreaks triggered by storm damage reasonably well but there was a large variability that partly can be related to salvage logging of storm felled forest and sanitary cutting of infested trees. The model showed increased damage in most recent years with warm and dry conditions, although below the level reported, which may suggest that the drought stress response of spruce in LPJ-GUESS is underestimated. The new model forms a basis to explore vulnerability of European forests to spruce bark beetle infestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Land use change and El Niño-Southern Oscillation drive decadal carbon balance shifts in Southeast Asia.

Author

Kondo, Masayuki, Ichii, Kazuhito, Patra, Prabir K, Canadell, Joseph G, Poulter, Benjamin, Sitch, Stephen, Calle, Leonardo, Liu, Yi Y, van Dijk, Albert IJM, Saeki, Tazu, Saigusa, Nobuko, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Arneth, Almut, Harper, Anna, Jain, Atul K, Kato, Etsushi, Koven, Charles, Li, Fang, Pugh, Thomas AM, Zaehle, Sönke, Wiltshire, Andy, Chevallier, Frederic, Maki, Takashi, Nakamura, Takashi, Niwa, Yosuke, and Rödenbeck, Christian

Abstract

An integrated understanding of the biogeochemical consequences of climate extremes and land use changes is needed to constrain land-surface feedbacks to atmospheric CO2 from associated climate change. Past assessments of the global carbon balance have shown particularly high uncertainty in Southeast Asia. Here, we use a combination of model ensembles to show that intensified land use change made Southeast Asia a strong source of CO2 from the 1980s to 1990s, whereas the region was close to carbon neutral in the 2000s due to an enhanced CO2 fertilization effect and absence of moderate-to-strong El Niño events. Our findings suggest that despite ongoing deforestation, CO2 emissions were substantially decreased during the 2000s, largely owing to milder climate that restores photosynthetic capacity and suppresses peat and deforestation fire emissions. The occurrence of strong El Niño events after 2009 suggests that the region has returned to conditions of increased vulnerability of carbon stocks.

Published
2018

18. Modelling feedbacks between human and natural processes in the land system

Author

Robinson, Derek T, Di Vittorio, Alan, Alexander, Peter, Arneth, Almut, Barton, C Michael, Brown, Daniel G, Kettner, Albert, Lemmen, Carsten, O'Neill, Brian C, Janssen, Marco, Pugh, Thomas AM, Rabin, Sam S, Rounsevell, Mark, Syvitski, James P, Ullah, Isaac, and Verburg, Peter H

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Climate Change Science, Geoinformatics, Climate Action, Atmospheric Sciences, Oceanography, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Climate change science
Abstract

The unprecedented use of Earth's resources by humans, in combination with increasing natural variability in natural processes over the past century, is affecting the evolution of the Earth system. To better understand natural processes and their potential future trajectories requires improved integration with and quantification of human processes. Similarly, to mitigate risk and facilitate socio-economic development requires a better understanding of how the natural system (e.g. climate variability and change, extreme weather events, and processes affecting soil fertility) affects human processes. Our understanding of these interactions and feedback between human and natural systems has been formalized through a variety of modelling approaches. However, a common conceptual framework or set of guidelines to model human-natural-system feedbacks is lacking. The presented research lays out a conceptual framework that includes representing model coupling configuration in combination with the frequency of interaction and coordination of communication between coupled models. Four different approaches used to couple representations of the human and natural system are presented in relation to this framework, which vary in the processes represented and in the scale of their application. From the development and experience associated with the four models of coupled human-natural systems, the following eight lessons were identified that if taken into account by future coupled human-natural-systems model developments may increase their success: (1) leverage the power of sensitivity analysis with models, (2) remember modelling is an iterative process, (3) create a common language, (4) make code open-access, (5) ensure consistency, (6) reconcile spatio-temporal mismatch, (7) construct homogeneous units, and (8) incorporating feedback increases non-linearity and variability. Following a discussion of feedbacks, a way forward to expedite model coupling and increase the longevity and interoperability of models is given, which suggests the use of a wrapper container software, a standardized applications programming interface (API), the incorporation of standard names, the mitigation of sunk costs by creating interfaces to multiple coupling frameworks, and the adoption of reproducible workflow environments to wire the pieces together.

Published
2018

20. Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Author

ForestPlots.net, Blundo, Cecilia, Carilla, Julieta, Grau, Ricardo, Malizia, Agustina, Malizia, Lucio, Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, Bird, Michael, Bradford, Matt, Catchpole, Damien, Ford, Andrew, Graham, Andrew, Hilbert, David, Kemp, Jeanette, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William, Ishida, Francoise Yoko, Marshall, Andrew, Waite, Catherine, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Boeckx, Pfascal, Bogaert, Jan, De Canniere, Charles, de Haulleville, Thales, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Hardy, Olivier, Hubau, Wannes, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Brewer, Steven W., Alarcón, Alfredo, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Chavez, Ezequiel, Fredericksen, Todd, Villaroel, René Guillén, Sibauty, Gloria Gutierrez, Killeen, Timothy, Licona, Juan Carlos, Lleigue, John, Mendoza, Casimiro, Murakami, Samaria, Gutierrez, Alexander Parada, Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Poorter, Lourens, Toledo, Marisol, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Viscarra, Laura Jessica, Vos, Vincent, Ahumada, Jorge, Almeida, Everton, Almeida, Jarcilene, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, da Cruz, Wesley Alves, de Oliveira, Atila Alves, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Obermuller, Flávio Amorim, Andrade, Ana, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Aquino, Ana Carla, Aragão, Luiz, Araújo, Ana Claudia, Assis, Marco Antonio, Gomes, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin, Baccaro, Fabrício, de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa, Barni, Paulo, Barroso, Jorcely, Bernacci, Luis Carlos, Bordin, Kauane, de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, Broggio, Igor, Camargo, José Luís, Cardoso, Domingos, Carniello, Maria Antonia, Rochelle, Andre Luis Casarin, Castilho, Carolina, Castro, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Costa, Flávia, de Oliveira, Rodrigo Costa, Coutinho, Italo, Cunha, John, da Costa, Lola, da Costa Ferreira, Lucia, da Costa Silva, Richarlly, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Marta, de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor, de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Oliveira Melo, Lia, de Queiroz, Luciano, de Sousa Lima, José Romualdo, do Espírito Santo, Mário, Domingues, Tomas, dos Santos Prestes, Nayane Cristina, Carneiro, Steffan Eduardo Silva, Elias, Fernando, Eliseu, Gabriel, Emilio, Thaise, Farrapo, Camila Laís, Fernandes, Letícia, Ferreira, Gustavo, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro, Ferreira, Socorro, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, Freitas, Maria Aparecida, García, Queila S., Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Graça, Paulo, Guilherme, Frederico, Hase, Eduardo, Higuchi, Niro, Iguatemy, Mariana, Barbosa, Reinaldo Imbrozio, Jaramillo, Margarita, Joly, Carlos, Klipel, Joice, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Levis, Carolina, Lima, Antonio S., Dan, Maurício Lima, Lopes, Aline, Madeiros, Herison, Magnusson, William E., dos Santos, Rubens Manoel, Marimon, Beatriz, Junior, Ben Hur Marimon, Grillo, Roberta Marotti Martelletti, Martinelli, Luiz, Reis, Simone Matias, Medeiros, Salomão, Meira-Junior, Milton, Metzker, Thiago, Morandi, Paulo, do Nascimento, Natanael Moreira, Moura, Magna, Müller, Sandra Cristina, Nagy, Laszlo, Nascimento, Henrique, Nascimento, Marcelo, Lima, Adriano Nogueira, de Araújo, Raimunda Oliveira, Silva, Jhonathan Oliveira, Pansonato, Marcelo, Sabino, Gabriel Pavan, de Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra, Rodrigues, Pablo José Francisco Pena, Piedade, Maria, Rodrigues, Domingos, Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto, Quesada, Carlos, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Rafael, Rodrigues, Priscyla, de Sousa, Thaiane Rodrigues, Salomão, Rafael, Santana, Flávia, Scaranello, Marcos, Bergamin, Rodrigo Scarton, Schietti, Juliana, Schöngart, Jochen, Schwartz, Gustavo, Silva, Natalino, Silveira, Marcos, Seixas, Cristiana Simão, Simbine, Marta, Souza, Ana Claudia, Souza, Priscila, Souza, Rodolfo, Sposito, Tereza, Junior, Edson Stefani, do Vale, Julio Daniel, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Villela, Dora, Vital, Marcos, Xaud, Haron, Zanini, Katia, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Ideris, Nur Khalish Hafizhah, Metali, Faizah binti Hj, Salim, Kamariah Abu, Saparudin, Muhd Shahruney, Serudin, Rafizah Mat, Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria, Begne, Serge, Chuyong, George, Djuikouo, Marie Noel, Gonmadje, Christelle, Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Taedoumg, Hermann, Zemagho, Lise, Thomas, Sean, Baya, Fidèle, Saiz, Gustavo, Espejo, Javier Silva, Chen, Dexiang, Hamilton, Alan, Li, Yide, Luo, Tushou, Niu, Shukui, Xu, Han, Zhou, Zhang, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Escobar, Juan Carlos Andrés, Arellano-Peña, Henry, Duarte, Jaime Cabezas, Calderón, Jhon, Bravo, Lina Maria Corrales, Cuadrado, Borish, Cuadros, Hermes, Duque, Alvaro, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Espinosa, Sandra Milena, Franke-Ante, Rebeca, García, Hernando, Gómez, Alejandro, González-M., Roy, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro, Jimenez, Eliana, Jurado, Rubén, Oviedo, Wilmar López, López-Camacho, René, Cruz, Omar Aurelio Melo, Polo, Irina Mendoza, Paky, Edwin, Pérez, Karen, Pijachi, Angel, Pizano, Camila, Prieto, Adriana, Ramos, Laura, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Richardson, James, Rodríguez, Elkin, Rodriguez M., Gina M., Rudas, Agustín, Stevenson, Pablo, Chudomelová, Markéta, Dancak, Martin, Hédl, Radim, Lhota, Stanislav, Svatek, Martin, Mukinzi, Jacques, Ewango, Corneille, Hart, Terese, Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo, Lisingo, Janvier, Makana, Jean-Remy, Mbayu, Faustin, Toirambe, Benjamin, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Kvist, Lars, Nebel, Gustav, Báez, Selene, Céron, Carlos, Griffith, Daniel M., Andino, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Neill, David, Palacios, Walter, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Villa, Gorky, Demissie, Sheleme, Gole, Tadesse, Gonfa, Techane, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Baisie, Michel, Bénédet, Fabrice, Betian, Wemo, Bezard, Vincent, Bonal, Damien, Chave, Jerôme, Droissart, Vincent, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Hladik, Annette, Labrière, Nicolas, Naisso, Pétrus, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Sist, Plinio, Blanc, Lilian, Burban, Benoit, Derroire, Géraldine, Dourdain, Aurélie, Stahl, Clement, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Chezeaux, Eric, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Medjibe, Vincent, Mihindou, Vianet, White, Lee, Culmsee, Heike, Rangel, Cristabel Durán, Horna, Viviana, Wittmann, Florian, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Foli, Ernest, Balinga, Michael, Roopsind, Anand, Singh, James, Thomas, Raquel, Zagt, Roderick, Murthy, Indu K., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Mirmanto, Edi, Priyadi, Hari, Samsoedin, Ismayadi, Sunderland, Terry, Yassir, Ishak, Rovero, Francesco, Vinceti, Barbara, Hérault, Bruno, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Daniels, Armandu, Tuagben, Darlington, Woods, John T., Fitriadi, Muhammad, Karolus, Alexander, Khoon, Kho Lip, Majalap, Noreen, Maycock, Colin, Nilus, Reuben, Tan, Sylvester, Sitoe, Almeida, Coronado G., Indiana, Ojo, Lucas, de Assis, Rafael, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Sheil, Douglas, Pezo, Karen Arévalo, Verde, Hans Buttgenbach, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Oroche, Jimmy Cesar Cordova, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Medina, Massiel Corrales, Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, de Rutte Corzo, Jano, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Freitas, Luis, Cabrera, Darcy Galiano, Villacorta, Roosevelt García, Cabrera, Karina Garcia, Soria, Diego García, Saboya, Leticia Gatica, Rios, Julio Miguel Grandez, Pizango, Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice Honorio, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Aedo, Yuri Tomas Huillca, Peña, Jose Luis Marcelo, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Rodriguez, Vanesa Moreano, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Ramos, Sonia Cesarina Palacios, Camacho, Nadir Pallqui, Cruz, Antonio Peña, Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Huaymacari, José Reyna, Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel, Paredes, Marcos Antonio Ríos, Bayona, Lily Rodriguez, del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Rocio, Peña, Maria Elena Rojas, Revilla, Norma Salinas, Shareva, Yahn Carlos Soto, Trujillo, Raul Tupayachi, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Arenas, Jim Vega, Amani, Christian, Ifo, Suspense Averti, Bocko, Yannick, Boundja, Patrick, Ekoungoulou, Romeo, Hockemba, Mireille, Nzala, Donatien, Fofanah, Alusine, Taylor, David, Bañares-de Dios, Guillermo, Cayuela, Luis, la Cerda, Íñigo Granzow-de, Macía, Manuel, Stropp, Juliana, Playfair, Maureen, Wortel, Verginia, Gardner, Toby, Muscarella, Robert, Rutishauser, Ervan, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Munishi, Pantaleo, Bánki, Olaf, Bongers, Frans, Boot, Rene, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Reitsma, Jan, ter Steege, Hans, van Andel, Tinde, van de Meer, Peter, van der Hout, Peter, van Nieuwstadt, Mark, van Ulft, Bert, Veenendaal, Elmar, Vernimmen, Ronald, Zuidema, Pieter, Zwerts, Joeri, Akite, Perpetra, Bitariho, Robert, Chapman, Colin, Gerald, Eilu, Leal, Miguel, Mucunguzi, Patrick, Abernethy, Katharine, Alexiades, Miguel, Baker, Timothy R., Banda, Karina, Banin, Lindsay, Barlow, Jos, Bennett, Amy, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Bird, Neil M., Blackburn, George A., Brearley, Francis, Brienen, Roel, Burslem, David, Carvalho, Lidiany, Cho, Percival, Coelho, Fernanda, Collins, Murray, Coomes, David, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dargie, Greta, Dexter, Kyle, Disney, Mat, Draper, Freddie, Duan, Muying, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Ewers, Robert, Fadrique, Belen, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., França, Filipe, Galbraith, David, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Grace, John, Hamer, Keith, Harris, David, Jeffery, Kath, Jucker, Tommaso, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Klitgaard, Bente, Levesley, Aurora, Lewis, Simon L., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovett, Jon, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marthews, Toby, McIntosh, Emma, Melgaço, Karina, Milliken, William, Mitchard, Edward, Moonlight, Peter, Moore, Sam, Morel, Alexandra, Peacock, Julie, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pendry, Colin, Pennington, R. Toby, de Oliveira Pereira, Luciana, Peres, Carlos, Phillips, Oliver L., Pickavance, Georgia, Pugh, Thomas, Qie, Lan, Riutta, Terhi, Roucoux, Katherine, Ryan, Casey, Sarkinen, Tiina, Valeria, Camila Silva, Spracklen, Dominick, Stas, Suzanne, Sullivan, Martin, Swaine, Michael, Talbot, Joey, Taplin, James, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vedovato, Laura, Willcock, Simon, Williams, Mathew, Alves, Luciana, Loayza, Patricia Alvarez, Arellano, Gabriel, Asa, Cheryl, Ashton, Peter, Asner, Gregory, Brncic, Terry, Brown, Foster, Burnham, Robyn, Clark, Connie, Comiskey, James, Damasco, Gabriel, Davies, Stuart, Di Fiore, Tony, Erwin, Terry, Farfan-Rios, William, Hall, Jefferson, Kenfack, David, Lovejoy, Thomas, Martin, Roberta, Montiel, Olga Martha, Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel, Poulsen, John, Primack, Richard, Silman, Miles, Steininger, Marc, Swamy, Varun, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Duncan, Umunay, Peter, Uriarte, Maria, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Hernández, Lionel, Fernández, Rafael Herrera, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Salcedo, Pedro, Sanoja, Elio, Serrano, Julio, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Le, Tinh Cong, Le, Trai Trong, and Tran, Hieu Dang

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Modelling feedbacks between human and natural processes in the land system

Author

Robinson, Derek T, Di Vittorio, Alan, Alexander, Peter, Arneth, Almut, Barton, C Michael, Brown, Daniel G, Kettner, Albert, Lemmen, Carsten, O'Neill, Brian C, Janssen, Marco, Pugh, Thomas AM, Rabin, Sam S, Rounsevell, Mark, Syvitski, James P, Ullah, Isaac, and Verburg, Peter H

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences, Human-Centred Computing, Climate Action
Abstract

Abstract. The unprecedented use of Earth's resources by humans, in combination with the increasing natural variability in natural processes over the past century, is affecting evolution of the Earth system. To better understand natural processes and their potential future trajectories requires improved integration with and quantification of human processes. Similarly, to mitigate risk and facilitate socio-economic development requires a better understanding of how the natural system (e.g., climate variability and change, extreme weather events, and processes affecting soil fertility) affects human processes. To capture and formalize our understanding of the interactions and feedback between human and natural systems a variety of modelling approaches are used. While integrated assessment models are widely recognized as supporting this goal and integrating representations of the human and natural system for global applications, an increasing diversity of models and corresponding research have focused on coupling models specializing in specific human (e.g., decision-making) or natural (e.g., erosion) processes at multiple scales. Domain experts develop these specialized models with a greater degree of detail, accuracy, and transparency, with many adopting open-science norms that use new technology for model sharing, coupling, and high performance computing. We highlight examples of four different approaches used to couple representations of the human and natural system, which vary in the processes represented and in the scale of their application. The examples illustrate how groups of researchers have attempted to overcome the lack of suitable frameworks for coupling human and natural systems to answer questions specific to feedbacks between human and natural systems. We draw from these examples broader lessons about system and model coupling and discuss the challenges associated with maintaining consistency across models and representing feedback between human and natural systems in coupled models.

Published
2017

22. Strong regional influence of climatic forcing datasets on global crop model ensembles

Author

Ruane, Alex C., Phillips, Meridel, Müller, Christoph, Elliott, Joshua, Jägermeyr, Jonas, Arneth, Almut, Balkovic, Juraj, Deryng, Delphine, Folberth, Christian, Iizumi, Toshichika, Izaurralde, Roberto C., Khabarov, Nikolay, Lawrence, Peter, Liu, Wenfeng, Olin, Stefan, Pugh, Thomas A.M., Rosenzweig, Cynthia, Sakurai, Gen, Schmid, Erwin, Sultan, Benjamin, Wang, Xuhui, de Wit, Allard, and Yang, Hong

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Contributors

Author

Ahlström, Anders, primary, Almeida, Mariana, additional, Andrew, Robbie, additional, Archibeque, Shawn, additional, Basso, Luana, additional, Bastos, Ana, additional, Bezerra, Francisco Gilney, additional, Birdsey, Richard, additional, Bowman, Kevin, additional, Bruhwiler, Lori M., additional, Brunner, Dominik, additional, Bun, Rostyslav, additional, Butman, David E., additional, Campbell, Donovan, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Cardoso, Manoel, additional, Chatterjee, Abhishek, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Commane, Róisín, additional, Crippa, Monica, additional, Cunha-Zeri, Gisleine, additional, Domke, Grant M., additional, Euskirchen, Eugénie S., additional, Fisher, Joshua B., additional, Gilfillan, Dennis, additional, Hayes, Daniel J., additional, Holmquist, James R., additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Huntzinger, Deborah, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Janardanan, Rajesh, additional, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, additional, Jones, Matthew W., additional, Keppler, Lydia, additional, Kondo, Masayuki, additional, Kroeger, Kevin D., additional, Kurz, Werner, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lauerwald, Ronny, additional, Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, additional, MacBean, Natasha, additional, Maksyutov, Shamil, additional, Marland, Eric, additional, Marland, Gregg, additional, Miranda, Marcela, additional, Naipal, Victoria, additional, Naudts, Kim, additional, Neigh, Christopher S.R., additional, Neto, Eráclito Souza, additional, Nevison, Cynthia, additional, Niu, Shuli, additional, Oda, Tomohiro, additional, Ogle, Stephen M., additional, Ometto, Jean Pierre, additional, Ott, Lesley, additional, Pacheco, Felipe S., additional, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., additional, Patra, Prabir K., additional, Petrescu, A.M. Roxana, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Pugh, Thomas A.M., additional, Ramaswami, Anu, additional, Raymond, Peter A., additional, Rezende, Luiz Felipe, additional, Ribeiro, Kelly, additional, Roten, Dustin, additional, Schädel, Christina, additional, Schuur, Edward A.G., additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Smith, Pete, additional, Smith, William Kolby, additional, Taboada, Miguel, additional, Thompson, Rona L., additional, Tong, Kangkang, additional, Troxler, Tiffany G., additional, Tubiello, Francesco N., additional, Turner, Alexander J., additional, Villalobos, Yohanna, additional, von Randow, Celso, additional, Watts, Jennifer, additional, Welp, Lisa R., additional, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, additional, and Zavala-Araiza, Daniel, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Substantial Differences in Crop Yield Sensitivities Between Models Call for Functionality‐Based Model Evaluation

Author

Müller, Christoph, primary, Jägermeyr, Jonas, additional, Franke, James A., additional, Ruane, Alex C., additional, Balkovic, Juraj, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Dury, Marie, additional, Falloon, Pete, additional, Folberth, Christian, additional, Hank, Tobias, additional, Hoffmann, Munir, additional, Izaurralde, R. Cesar, additional, Jacquemin, Ingrid, additional, Khabarov, Nikolay, additional, Liu, Wenfeng, additional, Olin, Stefan, additional, Pugh, Thomas A. M., additional, Wang, Xuhui, additional, Williams, Karina, additional, Zabel, Florian, additional, and Elliott, Joshua W., additional

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Greening of the Earth and its drivers

Author

Zhu, Zaichun, Piao, Shilong, Myneni, Ranga B, Huang, Mengtian, Zeng, Zhenzhong, Canadell, Josep G, Ciais, Philippe, Sitch, Stephen, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Arneth, Almut, Cao, Chunxiang, Cheng, Lei, Kato, Etsushi, Koven, Charles, Li, Yue, Lian, Xu, Liu, Yongwen, Liu, Ronggao, Mao, Jiafu, Pan, Yaozhong, Peng, Shushi, Peñuelas, Josep, Poulter, Benjamin, Pugh, Thomas AM, Stocker, Benjamin D, Viovy, Nicolas, Wang, Xuhui, Wang, Yingping, Xiao, Zhiqiang, Yang, Hui, Zaehle, Sönke, and Zeng, Ning

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Environmental Science and Management
Abstract

Global environmental change is rapidly altering the dynamics of terrestrial vegetation, with consequences for the functioning of the Earth system and provision of ecosystem services. Yet how global vegetation is responding to the changing environment is not well established. Here we use three long-term satellite leaf area index (LAI) records and ten global ecosystem models to investigate four key drivers of LAI trends during 1982-2009. We show a persistent and widespread increase of growing season integrated LAI (greening) over 25% to 50% of the global vegetated area, whereas less than 4% of the globe shows decreasing LAI (browning). Factorial simulations with multiple global ecosystem models suggest that CO2 fertilization effects explain 70% of the observed greening trend, followed by nitrogen deposition (9%), climate change (8%) and land cover change (LCC) (4%). CO2 fertilization effects explain most of the greening trends in the tropics, whereas climate change resulted in greening of the high latitudes and the Tibetan Plateau. LCC contributed most to the regional greening observed in southeast China and the eastern United States. The regional effects of unexplained factors suggest that the next generation of ecosystem models will need to explore the impacts of forest demography, differences in regional management intensities for cropland and pastures, and other emerging productivity constraints such as phosphorus availability.

Published
2016

31. Relative decline in density of Northern Hemisphere tree species in warm and arid regions of their climate niches

Author

Astigarraga, Julen, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Zavala, Miguel A., Vilà-Cabrera, Albert, Schelhaas, Mart Jan, Kunstler, Georges, Woodall, Christopher W., Cienciala, Emil, Dahlgren, Jonas, Govaere, Leen, König, Louis A., Lehtonen, Aleksi, Talarczyk, Andrzej, Liu, Daijun, Pugh, Thomas A.M., Astigarraga, Julen, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco, Zavala, Miguel A., Vilà-Cabrera, Albert, Schelhaas, Mart Jan, Kunstler, Georges, Woodall, Christopher W., Cienciala, Emil, Dahlgren, Jonas, Govaere, Leen, König, Louis A., Lehtonen, Aleksi, Talarczyk, Andrzej, Liu, Daijun, and Pugh, Thomas A.M.

Abstract

Although climate change is expected to drive tree species toward colder and wetter regions of their distribution, broadscale empirical evidence is lacking. One possibility is that past and present human activities in forests obscure or alter the effects of climate. Here, using data from more than two million monitored trees from 73 widely distributed species, we quantify changes in tree species density within their climatic niches across Northern Hemisphere forests. We observe a reduction in mean density across species, coupled with a tendency toward increasing tree size. However, the direction and magnitude of changes in density exhibit considerable variability between species, influenced by stand development that results from previous stand-level disturbances. Remarkably, when accounting for stand development, our findings show a significant change in density toward cold and wet climatic conditions for 43% of the species, compared to only 14% of species significantly changing their density toward warm and arid conditions in both early- and late-development stands. The observed changes in climate-driven density showed no clear association with species traits related to drought tolerance, recruitment and dispersal capacity, or resource use, nor with the temperature or aridity affiliation of the species, leaving the underlying mechanism uncertain. Forest conservation policies and associated management strategies might want to consider anticipated long-term species range shifts alongside the integration of contemporary within-distribution density changes.

Published
2024

32. Narrowing uncertainties in the effects of elevated CO2 on crops

Author

Toreti, Andrea, Deryng, Delphine, Tubiello, Francesco N., Müller, Christoph, Kimball, Bruce A., Moser, Gerald, Boote, Kenneth, Asseng, Senthold, Pugh, Thomas A. M., Vanuytrecht, Eline, Pleijel, Håkan, Webber, Heidi, Durand, Jean-Louis, Dentener, Frank, Ceglar, Andrej, Wang, Xuhui, Badeck, Franz, Lecerf, Remi, Wall, Gerard W., van den Berg, Maurits, Hoegy, Petra, Lopez-Lozano, Raul, Zampieri, Matteo, Galmarini, Stefano, O’Leary, Garry J., Manderscheid, Remy, Mencos Contreras, Erik, and Rosenzweig, Cynthia

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Reconciling Precipitation with Runoff: Observed Hydrological Change in the Midlatitudes

Author

Osborne, Joe M, Lambert, F Hugo, Groenendijk, Margriet, Harper, Anna B, Koven, Charles D, Poulter, Benjamin, Pugh, Thomas AM, Sitch, Stephen, Stocker, Benjamin D, Wiltshire, Andy, and Zaehle, Sönke

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Life on Land, Climate Action, Geographic location, entity, Land surface, Atm, Ocean Structure, Phenomena, Precipitation, Runoff, Mathematical and statistical techniques, Changepoint analysis, Models and modeling, Land surface model, Variability, Climate variability, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences
Abstract

Century-long observed gridded land precipitation datasets are a cornerstone of hydrometeorological research. But recent work has suggested that observed Northern Hemisphere midlatitude (NHML) land mean precipitation does not show evidence of an expected negative response to mid-twentieth-century aerosol forcing. Utilizing observed river discharges, the observed runoff is calculated and compared with observed land precipitation. The results show a near-zero twentieth-century trend in observed NHML land mean runoff, in contrast to the significant positive trend in observed NHML land mean precipitation. However, precipitation and runoff share common interannual and decadal variability. An obvious split, or breakpoint, is found in the NHML land mean runoff-precipitation relationship in the 1930s. Using runoff simulated by six land surface models (LSMs), which are driven by the observed precipitation dataset, such breakpoints are absent. These findings support previous hypotheses that inhomogeneities exist in the early-twentieth-century NHML land mean precipitation record. Adjusting the observed precipitation record according to the observed runoff record largely accounts for the departure of the observed precipitation response from that predicted given the real-world aerosol forcing estimate, more than halving the discrepancy from about 6 to around 2 W m-2. Consideration of complementary observed runoff adds support to the suggestion that NHML-wide early-twentieth-century precipitation observations are unsuitable for climate change studies. The agreement between precipitation and runoff over Europe, however, is excellent, supporting the use of whole-twentieth-century observed precipitation datasets here.

Published
2015

34. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Phillips, Oliver L., Brienen, Roel J. W., Fauset, Sophie, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Baker, Timothy R., Chao, Kuo-Jung, Feldpausch, Ted R., Gloor, Emanuel, Higuchi, Niro, Houwing-Duistermaat, Jeanne, Lloyd, Jon, Liu, Haiyan, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz, Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Poorter, Lourens, Silveira, Marcos, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Dávila, Esteban Alvarez, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Almeida, Everton, Loayza, Patricia Alvarez, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Baisie, Michel, Baraloto, Christopher, Camargo, Plínio Barbosa, Barroso, Jorcely, Blanc, Lilian, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Boot, René, Brown, Foster, Burban, Benoit, Camargo, José Luís, Castro, Wendeson, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Chave, Jerome, Comiskey, James, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, da Costa, Antonio Lola, Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, Di Fiore, Anthony, Dourdain, Aurélie, Erwin, Terry, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Herrera, Rafael, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Jimenez-Rojas, Eliana, Killeen, Timothy, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William, Levesley, Aurora, Lewis, Simon L., Ladvocat, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovejoy, Thomas, Meir, Patrick, Mendoza, Casimiro, Morandi, Paulo, Neill, David, Nogueira Lima, Adriano José, Vargas, Percy Nuñez, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Camacho, Nadir Pallqui, Pardo, Guido, Peacock, Julie, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Pickavance, Georgia, Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel, Prieto, Adriana, Pugh, Thomas A. M., Quesada, Carlos, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, de Almeida Reis, Simone Matias, Rejou-Machain, Maxime, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Bayona, Lily Rodriguez, Rudas, Agustín, Salomão, Rafael, Serrano, Julio, Espejo, Javier Silva, Silva, Natalino, Singh, James, Stahl, Clement, Stropp, Juliana, Swamy, Varun, Talbot, Joey, ter Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Raquel, Toledo, Marisol, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, van der Heijden, Geertje, van der Meer, Peter, van der Hout, Peter, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Vos, Vincent, Zagt, Roderick, Zuidema, Pieter, and Galbraith, David

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Global irrigation contribution to wheat and maize yield

Author

Wang, Xuhui, Müller, Christoph, Elliot, Joshua, Mueller, Nathaniel D., Ciais, Philippe, Jägermeyr, Jonas, Gerber, James, Dumas, Patrice, Wang, Chenzhi, Yang, Hui, Li, Laurent, Deryng, Delphine, Folberth, Christian, Liu, Wenfeng, Makowski, David, Olin, Stefan, Pugh, Thomas A. M., Reddy, Ashwan, Schmid, Erwin, Jeong, Sujong, Zhou, Feng, and Piao, Shilong

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Concerns about reported harvests in European forests

Author

Palahí, Marc, Valbuena, Rubén, Senf, Cornelius, Acil, Nezha, Pugh, Thomas A. M., Sadler, Jonathan, Seidl, Rupert, Potapov, Peter, Gardiner, Barry, Hetemäki, Lauri, Chirici, Gherardo, Francini, Saverio, Hlásny, Tomáš, Lerink, Bas Jan Willem, Olsson, Håkan, González Olabarria, José Ramón, Ascoli, Davide, Asikainen, Antti, Bauhus, Jürgen, Berndes, Göran, Donis, Janis, Fridman, Jonas, Hanewinkel, Marc, Jactel, Hervé, Lindner, Marcus, Marchetti, Marco, Marušák, Róbert, Sheil, Douglas, Tomé, Margarida, Trasobares, Antoni, Verkerk, Pieter Johannes, Korhonen, Minna, and Nabuurs, Gert-Jan

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Forest demography and biomass accumulation rates are associated with transient mean tree size vs density scaling relations

Author

Yu, Kailiang, primary, Chen, Han Y.H., additional, Gessler, Arthur, additional, Pugh, Thomas A.M., additional, Searle, Eric B., additional, Allen, Robert B., additional, Pretzsch, Hans, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Phillips, Oliver L., additional, Brienen, Roel J.W., additional, Chu, Chengjin, additional, Xie, Shubin, additional, and Ballantyne, Ashley P., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. GPX2

Author

Devin Pugh - Thomas

Subjects
Spacecraft Design, Testing And Performance
Abstract

GPX2is a technology demonstration mission that will provide a novel test-bed for Commercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS) differential global positioning systems (dGPS) to enable future on-orbit assembly, docking, and formation-flying small satellite missions. While on-orbit,GPX2will assess the capability of multi-frequency COTS dGPS receivers.GPX2 is passively stabilized using a 2-meter gravity gradient boom, providing a local orbit horizon view to the GPX2 antennae and Iridium communication. By demonstrating dGPS on-orbit, GPX2 paves the way for on-orbit assembly and autonomous robotic operations using high-accuracy dGPS to measure relative proximity and orientation.

Published
2021

41. Development and application of a box model to boundary layer chemistry above a tropical rainforest

Author

Pugh, Thomas Alan Miller

Subjects
551.511
Abstract

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), in particular isoprene and monoter penes, dominate the oxidation capacity of the tropical boundary layer and play an important role in the formation of the radiatively and ecologically significant gas ozone. This work investigates the oxidation of isoprene and monoterpenes in the tropical boundary layer using a box model of atmospheric chemistry, which is adapted for this purpose. The model output is compared with measurements of atmospheric composition and fluxes made over the tropical rainforest during the Oxidant Particle and Photochemical Processes (OP3) campaign in Sabah, Malaysia. The model can replicate 03 and NOx concentrations well during the daytime, but at night, the simplified mixing assumptions of the model compromise the representation of deposition of these species. A simple parametrisation for an effective night-time deposition velocity for ozone can correct this poor representation. Conversely, the ability of the model to simulate the daytime oxidation chemistry of isoprene and the concentration of the oxidant OH is severely compromised. Possible reasons for the poor model performance in this regard are discussed and tested. The most satisfactory solution to improve model fit appears to be a reduction in the rate of reaction of lsoprene/rnonoterpenes with OH, based upon the hypothesis of segregation of these species in the boundary layer. However, a novel method of calculating the segregation intensity from isoprene concentration measurements rules out this hypothesis. The reason for the model-measurement discrepancies of isoprene and OH remains unsolved. Following this detailed assessment of the strengths and limitations of the model, it is used as a predictive tool to investigate the effect of a change in BVOC emission on atmospheric chemistry. Conversion of natural rainforest to oil palm plantation substantially increases isoprene emissions, and will lead to dangerously high boundary layer ozone concentrations if future NOx concentrations are allowed to approach those in Western Europe. Meanwhile, landscape-scale circadian control can modify the magnitude and timing of isoprene emission, significantly affecting boundary layer ozone and oxidant concentrations. Further measurement studies to confirm landscape-scale circadian control of isoprene emissions are required.

Published
2010

43. Rural School Consolidation in New York State, 1795-1993: A Struggle for Control.

Author

Pugh, Thomas J.

Abstract

Between 1795 and 1993, elementary and secondary schooling in New York State shifted from a private/local to a public/state activity. That shift from local to state control and identity involved a lengthy political struggle and reveals the historical working-out of two conflicting themes in the American political tradition: popular democratic control versus administrative efficiency and filtered representation. Since 1900 the total number of school districts nationwide has decreased from 150,000 to less than 16,000. In New York, the decrease is from 11,000 to 720. Proponents of consolidation, typically lead by well-educated professionals with positions of authority, have used arguments of increased equity, efficiency, and quality. Citizens who resist consolidation, often considered to be penurious or ignorant, have expressed concerns about democratic participation, local control, and the nature and function of education. The accomplishments of consolidation and centralization include the provision of a somewhat equitably financed system of schools providing a comprehensive education program and co-curricular activities delivered by credentialed experts in modern school buildings. However, consolidation has also led to the loss of opportunities for civic education and to the dissolution of rural communities. (KS)

Published
1994

46. Spatial and temporal uncertainty of crop yield aggregations

Author

Porwollik, Vera, Müller, Christoph, Elliott, Joshua, Chryssanthacopoulos, James, Iizumi, Toshichika, Ray, Deepak K., Ruane, Alex C., Arneth, Almut, Balkovič, Juraj, Ciais, Philippe, Deryng, Delphine, Folberth, Christian, Izaurralde, Roberto C., Jones, Curtis D., Khabarov, Nikolay, Lawrence, Peter J., Liu, Wenfeng, Pugh, Thomas A.M., Reddy, Ashwan, Sakurai, Gen, Schmid, Erwin, Wang, Xuhui, de Wit, Allard, and Wu, Xiuchen

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results