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306 results on '"Pugh, Matthew"'

2. Using Enriched Category Theory to Construct the Nearest Neighbour Classification Algorithm

Author

Pugh, Matthew, Grundy, Jo, Cirstea, Corina, and Harris, Nick

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Mathematics - Category Theory
Abstract

Exploring whether Enriched Category Theory could provide the foundation of an alternative approach to Machine Learning. This paper is the first to construct and motivate a Machine Learning algorithm solely with Enriched Category Theory. In order to supplement evidence that Category Theory can be used to motivate robust and explainable algorithms, it is shown that a series of reasonable assumptions about a dataset lead to the construction of the Nearest Neighbours Algorithm. In particular, as an extension of the original dataset using profunctors in the category of Lawvere metric spaces. This leads to a definition of an Enriched Nearest Neighbours Algorithm, which consequently also produces an enriched form of the Voronoi diagram. This paper is intended to be accessible without any knowledge of Category Theory

Published
2023

4. Hotscotch : exploiting workload characteristics to improve read-throughput

Author

Pugh, Matthew, Viglas, Stratis, and Grot, Boris

Subjects
Hopscotch hashing, in-memory data-reorganisation, skew, Zipf distribution
Abstract

Key-value stores are ubiquitous at all layers of the computational stack; offering constant average lookup, insertion, and deletion time. This dissertation looks at how we can exploit skew in the workloads to improve the temporal locality afforded in these systems, thereby resulting in an amortised throughput gain. Using Hopscotch hashing as the basis of this approach, an analysis is performed, and model are developed to quantify the potential gains available by performing in-memory data-reorganisation based on the number of accesses each tuple accrues during the execution of a skewed workload. Skew is modelled by drawing samples from numerous Zipf distributions, to measure the effect of the reordering across a wide parameter set. A simulator is developed based on this model to explore many random configurations of the table and quantify the distribution of potential performance improvements. These predictions are then tested experimentally by designing and implementing a number of novel approaches, each with different trade-offs between complexity and optimal ordering. Results demonstrate up to 3.75x, with outlier up to almost 20x in specific parameters, performance improvement on read-paths. This work is then extended to a concurrent programming model, where the baseline Hopscotch is lock-free. An analysis of the critical regions of execution leads to further new algorithms that relax these constraints more, and altering the design of prior approaches to achieve a trade-off of optimal ordering versus performance. This is evaluated on numerous configurations of skewed read workloads, resulting in a mean performance of approximately 2x when load-factor and number of queries are high, with up to 5x in high-opportunity, low-probability configurations. A simple Symmetric Hash Join experiment is also developed, demonstrating an approximate up to 1.5x improvement. As a final extension, this dissertation explores what opportunities are available to perform adaptive policy selection at a fine-granularity. For cases where there is little opportunity to benefit from the reordering, approaches including insight-based rules-methods and reinforcement-learning inspired are proposed, leading the way to future engineering work.

Published
2022
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8. S100A8/A9 drives the formation of procoagulant platelets through GPIbα

Author

Colicchia, Martina, Schrottmaier, Waltraud C., Perrella, Gina, Reyat, Jasmeet S., Begum, Jenefa, Slater, Alexandre, Price, Joshua, Clark, Joanne C., Zhi, Zhaogong, Simpson, Megan J., Bourne, Joshua H., Poulter, Natalie S., Khan, Abdullah O., Nicolson, Phillip L. R., Pugh, Matthew, Harrison, Paul, Iqbal, Asif J., Rainger, George E., Watson, Steve P., Thomas, Mark R., Mutch, Nicola J., Assinger, Alice, and Rayes, Julie

Published
2022
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9. Implication of Capillary Morphogenesis Gene 2 (CMG2) in the Disease Progression and Peritoneal Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer.

Author

Fang, Ziqian, Bunston, Carly, Xu, Yali, Ruge, Fiona, Sui, Laijian, Liu, Ming, Al-Sarireh, Bilal, Griffiths, Paul, Murphy, Kate, Pugh, Matthew R., Hao, Chunyi, Jiang, Wen G., and Ye, Lin

Abstract

Simple Summary: Pancreatic cancer remains as one of the most life-threatening cancers with a 5-year overall survival rate less than 6%. As a transmembrane protein, capillary formation gene 2 (CMG2) mediates cell–matrix adhesion and migration. Recent studies have revealed emerging roles of CMG2 in various cancers. This study aimed to evaluate expression of CMG2 in pancreatic cancer and its implication in the disease progression and distant metastasis. Interestingly, the significant upregulation of CMG2 was seen in pancreatic cancer, which was associated with poor survival and distant metastases highlighting the potential of targeting this molecule for the prevention of dissemination of pancreatic cancer cells. Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) mediates cell–matrix interactions to facilitate cell adhesion and migration. CMG2 has been implicated in the disease progression of breast cancer, prostate cancer and gastric cancer. The present study aims to determine the role of CMG2 in the disease progression and peritoneal metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic tumour samples were collected from Peking University Cancer Hospital. CMG2 expression was determined using quantitative PCR. After the creation of knockdown and overexpression of CMG2 in pancreatic cancer cells, the effect of CMG2 on several cell functions and adhesion to the peritoneum was examined. Potential pathways regulated by CMG2 were found via proteomics analysis and drug tests. CMG2 was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and associated with a poor prognosis. CMG2 was increased in metastatic lesions and those primary tumours with distant metastases. CMG2 promotes cell–cell, cell–matrix and cell–hyaluronic acid adhesion, which may be mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Single-session chairwork: overview and case illustration of brief dialogical psychotherapy.

Author

Pugh, Matthew

Subjects
*MENTAL illness treatment, *PSYCHOTHERAPY, *CONVERSATION, *ROLE playing, *INTERVIEWING, *BRIEF psychotherapy, *EMOTIONS, *BEHAVIOR, *ANXIETY, *CLIENT relations, *MENTAL health counseling, *SCHEMA therapy, *COMMUNICATION, *COGNITIVE therapy, *TELECONFERENCING, *SOCIAL support, *SELF-perception, *SELF-disclosure, *DISCLOSURE
Abstract

Single session therapy (SST) is an increasingly popular approach to mental health treatment that aims to address clients' presenting difficulties in a single appointment. However, experiential approaches to SST are limited. In this paper I describe the theory and practice of "chairwork" – an integrative, action-focused method of intervention centred on the concept of self-multiplicity – and outline how these procedures can be coherently applied in a single-session format. A preliminary protocol for delivering single-session chairwork (SSC) or "brief dialogical psychotherapy" is presented, alongside a case illustration that demonstrates features of this approach. Finally, directions for future research and the continued development of chairwork as a psychotherapeutic modality are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. The Oncogenic Lipid Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Impedes the Phagocytosis of Tumor Cells by M1 Macrophages in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

Author

Perry, Tracey A., primary, Masand, Navta, additional, Vrzalikova, Katerina, additional, Pugh, Matthew, additional, Wei, Wenbin, additional, Hollows, Robert, additional, Bouchalova, Katerina, additional, Nohtani, Mahdi, additional, Fennell, Eanna, additional, Bouchal, Jan, additional, Kearns, Pamela, additional, and Murray, Paul G., additional

Published
2024
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14. Digital Tumor-Collagen Proximity Signature Predicts Survival in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Author

Qaiser, Talha, Pugh, Matthew, Margielewska, Sandra, Hollows, Robert, Murray, Paul, Rajpoot, Nasir, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Reyes-Aldasoro, Constantino Carlos, editor, Janowczyk, Andrew, editor, Veta, Mitko, editor, Bankhead, Peter, editor, and Sirinukunwattana, Korsuk, editor

Published
2019
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25. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with anti-desmoglein 2 autoantibody detection

Author

Ward, Kerensa E, primary, Steadman, Lora, additional, Karim, Abid R, additional, Reynolds, Gary M, additional, Pugh, Matthew, additional, Chua, Winnie, additional, Faustini, Sian E, additional, Veenith, Tonny, additional, Thwaites, Ryan S, additional, Openshaw, Peter J M, additional, Drayson, Mark T, additional, Shields, Adrian M, additional, Cunningham, Adam F, additional, Wraith, David C, additional, and Richter, Alex G, additional

Published
2023
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26. Supplementary Fig. S1 - S12 from Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Coexpress PD-1 and TIGIT and Functional Inhibition Is Reversible by Dual Antibody Blockade

Author

Pearce, Hayden, primary, Croft, Wayne, primary, Nicol, Samantha M., primary, Margielewska-Davies, Sandra, primary, Powell, Richard, primary, Cornall, Richard, primary, Davis, Simon J., primary, Marcon, Francesca, primary, Pugh, Matthew R., primary, Fennell, Éanna, primary, Powell-Brett, Sarah, primary, Mahon, Brinder S., primary, Brown, Rachel M., primary, Middleton, Gary, primary, Roberts, Keith, primary, and Moss, Paul, primary

Published
2023
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27. Data from Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Coexpress PD-1 and TIGIT and Functional Inhibition Is Reversible by Dual Antibody Blockade

Author

Pearce, Hayden, primary, Croft, Wayne, primary, Nicol, Samantha M., primary, Margielewska-Davies, Sandra, primary, Powell, Richard, primary, Cornall, Richard, primary, Davis, Simon J., primary, Marcon, Francesca, primary, Pugh, Matthew R., primary, Fennell, Éanna, primary, Powell-Brett, Sarah, primary, Mahon, Brinder S., primary, Brown, Rachel M., primary, Middleton, Gary, primary, Roberts, Keith, primary, and Moss, Paul, primary

Published
2023
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28. Supplementary Tables S1 - S5 from Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Coexpress PD-1 and TIGIT and Functional Inhibition Is Reversible by Dual Antibody Blockade

Author

Pearce, Hayden, primary, Croft, Wayne, primary, Nicol, Samantha M., primary, Margielewska-Davies, Sandra, primary, Powell, Richard, primary, Cornall, Richard, primary, Davis, Simon J., primary, Marcon, Francesca, primary, Pugh, Matthew R., primary, Fennell, Éanna, primary, Powell-Brett, Sarah, primary, Mahon, Brinder S., primary, Brown, Rachel M., primary, Middleton, Gary, primary, Roberts, Keith, primary, and Moss, Paul, primary

Published
2023
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