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[EN] This work integrates geological, geophysical and petrophysical data in order to study residual Bouguer anomalies localized in the Central Pyrenean Axial Zone (between the Noguera-Ribagorzana and Segre rivers to the West and East, respectively). The study area is characterized by thrust sheets of basement Paleozoic rocks forming an antiformal stack and southwards vergence due to the Alpine orogeny, high structural complexity related to the Variscan and Alpine deformation and scarce subsurface data. The Paleozoic rocks present a high variability both in lithology and age. The geological data are based on published geological cartographies and new acquired data, the gravimetric data consist of previous and new data acquired during the 2018 and 2019 (reaching a total of 3590 gravity stations) and the petrophysical data correspond to 526 density measurements. The Bouguer anomaly map of the study area shows a longwave relative minimum (~40 km) with several relative maxima and minima of short- and medium wave (between 2 and 20 km). The residual anomaly map, which allows to investigate the gravimetric anomalies that originated in the upper crust, shows a complex pattern of maxima and minima that does not follow the N110E Pyrenean main direction. Six NNESSO geological cross sections were gravimetrically modeled. The observed gravity response along the cross sections varies according to lithological and rheological changes in the upper crustal rocks, presence of evaporitic rocks both at surface and subsurface, presence of Upper Carboniferous granites, Ordovician gneisses and Neogene rocks belonging to the Cerdanya basin and rocks with different metamorphic grade. Our results also allow to delineate the lateral continuity of structures. This work highlights, in absence of other more resolute geophysical data, the high potential and applicability of gravity data acquired in structurally complex areas when combining with geological and petrophysical data in order to constra

[EN] We have carried out a detailed paleomagnetic study of volcanic rocks (18 sites) and red beds (10 sites) from the Late-Carboniferous-Permian series of the Cadí Basin (Eastern Pyrenees). The study provides reliable Late Carboniferous-Permian paleomagnetic directions, in an area where paleomagnetic studies are scarce. The main characteristic component in both rock types shows a SSE direction with a shallow inclination and a dominant reverse polarity. The magnetic carriers, both in the volcanic rocks and the red beds, are magnetite and hematite. The main component is interpreted as a primary magnetization of Permian age in the red beds; in the Late Carboniferous volcanic rocks, the main component likely represents primary magnetization or early remagnetization. These results are consistent with the poles for the Iberian plate during the Permian and indicate an absence of regional vertical axis rotations for the Orri nappe, in whose hanging wall the Cadí Basin was transported southwards during the Pyrenean orogeny.

[EN] An integrated study including magnetostratigraphy, larger benthic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy is presented herein. This work was performed in shallow marine siliciclastics rich in larger foraminifera, around the Ypresian/Lutetian boundary in the Ésera valley (South-Central Pyrenees). Although the calcareous nannofossil content in the studied interval is low, not allowing a precise Y/L boundary to be recognised, the taxa found are enough to support the chronostratigraphic attribution. Data obtained in the Ésera valley section has improved the knowledge of larger benthic foraminifera (Nummulites and Assilina) distribution through chron C21. SBZ 11 to SBZ 12 transition took place at the lowermost C21r, as shown in previous works. SBZ 12 assemblages extend into C21n, where the SBZ 12 to SBZ 13 boundary occurs. These data, obtained in shallow marine siliciclastic facies, with in situ fauna, results in a shift of the SBZ 12/SBZ 13 boundary to the Lower Lutetian, younger than previously believed. Accordingly, the Ypresian/Lutetian boundary occurs in SBZ 12.

[EN] Despite the large number of magnetostratigraphic studies in the South Pyrenean Basin aiming to calibrate the basin chronostratigraphy and the biostratigraphic scales, the South Eastern Jaca Basin remains unexplored from this perspective, and its relation with the Ainsa Basin is not fully understood. In this work we contribute with new magnetostratigraphic data from the 950m thick Las Bellostas section, located in the northern hinge of the Balzes anticline. Well-proven primary signal (positive fold test and two pseudo-antiparallel polarities) supported by numerous primary data in the surroundings allow us building a reliable local polarity sequence of eight magnetozones (from R1 to N4). Additionally, seven new biostratigraphic samples (Nummulites and Assilina) in the lower part of the section (marine environment) allows tightening the section to the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) and proposing a refined age model for the southeastern Jaca Basin. The section starts in the Boltaña Fm., of Cuisian age (Shallow Benthic Zone, SBZ11), is followed by a sedimentary gap from C22n to C20n as witnessed by biostratigraphic data (SBZ11 underneath the hiatus and SBZ16 just atop). The deltaic Sobrarbe Fm can be tracked until the C19n (Late Lutetian). From this point (200m) until the top of the section (950m), at least, the entire C18n chron can be recognized within the molassic Campodarbe Fm (C18n.2n-C18n.1r and C18n.1n) (Bartonian) equivalent to the West to the prodeltaic Arguis marls Fm. The Middle Cusian (SBZ11) to Middle Lutetian (SBZ15) stratigraphic hiatus is, in part, enhanced by the structural position at the hinge of the Balzes anticline. These new chronostratigraphic constraints help refining the W-E and N-S stratigraphic relationships in the eastern Jaca Basin and in the Ainsa Basin. This section also allows us to accurately refine the kinematics of the rotational activity in the eastern External Sierras. The important difference in magnetic declination alon

[EN] The geophysics line at the IGME began in 1927 as a Geophysics Sectiondedicated to subsurface exploration. During all this time, it has been developed in order to support and give expert service in all IGME’s activities both as a geological service and public research institution, as well as a research and development work itself. On the other hand, in recent years the IGME has promoted a line of research aimed at the characterization and 3D modeling of geological structures and formations, the development of dedicated software and the evolution and sophistication of computer equipment. The new scenario of incorporation of the IGME to the CSIC as a national reference center in the field of Earth Sciences has allowed the establishment of the GEOFSUB Research Group (Subsurface Geophysics and Geology). It is constituted by 21 members who had been collaborating regularly of the IGME former scientific-technic areas Geophysics and remote sensing (Área de Geofísica y Teledetección) and Subsurface geology and 3D geological modelling (Área de Geología del Subsuelo y Modelización Geológica 3D). Our main differentiating element is our extensive knowledge of geophysical and geological techniques, which allows us to characterize the subsoil in an optimal wa

[EN] The pilotSTRATEGY (2021-2026) is investigating geological CO2 storage sites in industrial regions to support development of large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS). It is focused on deep saline aquifers–porous rock formations filled with brine several kilometres below ground – which promise a large capacity for storing captured CO2. The goal of the characterisation is to assess the site’s containment, injectivity, capacity, integrity, hydrodynamics, and monitorability in order to ensure safe and permanent storage of CO2. PilotSTRATEGY covers the initial stages of project development up to the pre-final investment decision (pre-FID), regulatory approval and permitting of storage, and applied on selected structures of Paris Basin in France, the Lusitanian Basin in Portugal and the Ebro Basin in Spain, and in lower detail, in West Macedonia in Greece and Upper Silesia in Poland.

[EN] Palaeomagnetism is a versatile tool in the Earth sciences: it provides critical input to geological timescales and plate tectonic reconstructions. Despite its undeniable perks, palaeomagnetism is not without complications. Remagnetizations overprinting the original magnetic signature of rocks are frequent, especially in orogens which tend to be the areas with better rock exposure. Unraveling the magnetic history of the rocks is a complicated task, especially in areas that underwent several orogenic pulses. In turn, constraining the timing of remagnetization represents an opportunity to solve post-magnetization structural and tectonic kinematics. Here, we evaluate the magnetization history of Silurian-Devonian carbonates from the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees. The Pyrenees are a multi-orogenic mountain belt where Silurian-Devonian rocks have seen the Variscan collision (late Palaeozoic), the opening of the Atlantic/Bay of Biscay (early Cretaceous) and the Alpine orogeny (late Cretaceous to Miocene). Our results show widespread remagnetization(s) carried by magnetite and pyrrhotite in the Silurian-Devonian series of the Pyrenees. The majority of the samples show a post-folding but pre-alpine tilting magnetization. Considering the equatorial inclinations found in such samples, we suggest that they likely acquired their magnetization during the late Carboniferous and early Permian times. Two of the studied sites (located at the western Axial Zone) were subsequently remagnetized at the end of the Alpine orogeny. The palaeomagnetic results constrained that the Variscan orogeny was responsible for the main folding event affecting Palaeozoic rocks in the Axial Zone, whereas the Alpine orogeny produced the large-scale thrusting and antiformal stacking of these units. In addition, we observed a general clockwise rotational pattern which could be related with the formation of the Cantabrian Orocline and/or rotations associated with the Alpine orogeny. The Silurian-Devonian c

[EN] In the Western Central-Pyrenees numerous investigations during the past years have yielded an exceptional high density of localities (more than 700 sites) where the AMS and rock magnetic properties have been determined. This unique AMS dataset helps in understanding the orogenic evolution of the Pyrenees and its foreland basins. Processes related to AMS development in different structural units permit to identify: (i) an early recording of strain related to the transtensional or transpressional stages during the Early Triassic and Early Cretaceous, (ii) a moderate shortening related to the fold-and-thrust belt and foreland basin evolution during the Cretaceous–Tertiary orogenic stage, and (iii) a relatively strong deformation that produced cleavage related to the emplacement of basement thrusts in the Axial Zone during the Middle–Late Eocene. The main achievement of this contribution is the integration in cross-section and map-view of magnetic fabrics (orientation and parameters) in the western Central-Pyrenees, which allow constraining the processes affecting magnetic fabrics at the orogen scale. AMS results indicate: (i) a dominant bedding-controlled foliation, very sensitive to subtle layer parallel shortening (LPS) processes, especially in the foreland basins; (ii) magnetic lineations parallel to fold axes or strike of thrusts outside the cleavage front that can be deflected by vertical-axis rotations in particular areas; and (iii) an overall decrease of the definition of AMS fabrics (magnetic lineation or the anisotropy of the ellipsoid) associated with incipient cleavage and intersection lineation fabrics in the internal zones of the orogen. Therefore, AMS is a sensitive indicator to delineate the strain patterns at the orogen-scale, in particular, in those areas undergoing a modest degree of deformation.

[EN] Anisotropic magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analysis of 1454 samples evenly distributed along an 1800 m section in the South Pyrenean Zone is presented. The sampled rocks are pre- and syn-tectonic limestones, marls and sandstones of Ypresian-Lutetian age. They are weakly deformed rocks sampled from both limbs of the N–S trending Boltaña Anticline (oblique to the WNW–ESE main Pyrenean trend). Rock magnetism analyses, including low temperature and high field magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm a dominant paramagnetic signal and hence allow the interpretation of AMS in terms of preferred rock fabric or finite strain orientation. Therefore, this study was focused on obtaining an independent kinematic information from a vast set of AMS data from particular structural positions. The three directional maxima for the maximum axis of the magnetic ellipsoid (KMAX, magnetic lineation) can be tentatively related to major tectonic events in the Central Pyrenees. A first stage (recording a N–S magnetic lineation) is related to an oblique ramp of the Cotiella Thrust, emplaced during Ypresian times. A pseudo-progressive variation turns into a second stage (linked to a NW–SE KMAX orientation maximum) that can be related to Pyrenean compression. Both stages witness a far-field imprint of active structures on the foreland sediments. Once the Boltaña Anticline was nucleated (during the Lutetian), a predominant, more constant NW–SE trend is observed, this near-field magnetic fabric being the only lineation imprinted in the rocks. A final stage arrived in the course of vertical axis rotation during the Late Lutetian-Bartonian. This latest event was responsible for the present configuration of the Boltaña Anticline (N–S).

[EN] In this work we present AMS results obtained from several profiles in the Lutetian, carbon-ate-slope sequence located in the eastern limb of the Boltaña anticline. The AMS analyses allow us todefine the deformational events related to the formation of the Boltaña anticline and its progressiverotation during Eocene (Late Lutetian) times, acting as a passive marker of the deformation, after a veryearly record of LPS during diagenesis.

[EN] This paper deals with the problems generated by karst in gypsum around Zaragoza, the development of alluvial sinkholes and the concomitant risks. Sinkhole geometry depends on the mechanical behaviour of the cover overlying the evaporitic bedrock: non-cohesive soils favour the development of basin and funnel shaped dolines, whereas cohesive covers lead to the development of well-shaped collapses. Surface survey in areas prone to develop dolines is based on aerial photographs, in situ features (such as topographic depressions, stepped ground, anomalous man-made fills, wet-ground vegetation), and location of building pathologies in urban areas. In some cases, the structure and geometry of dolines can be studied in section (road cuts, for instance), where the features of natural fills allow to characterize the evolutionary patterns and sedimentation- subsidence interactions. Through dating of such fills the rate of subsidence can be estimated, and linked to possible episodes of climate variations. Doline evolution through time, either by comparison of aerial photographs taken in different years or by instrumental survey, yields the scenario of a dynamic process with subsidence rates up to 12 cm/year, where cycles of steady subsidence periods and sudden collapse are identified. In the Zaragoza area, the consequences of karst subsidence are outstanding. They dramatically increased from the 70’s, when large portions of the territory, formerly of agricultural use, turned into urban, industrial and service uses. Prevention and hazard management of karstic risks on urban and peri-urban areas must include: 1) early detection of the problem, in surface as well as underground (by means of geophysical surveys), and 2) adaptation of land use to the degree of affection by karst and the potential susceptibility. Geology, geotechnics and engineering have specific roles on risk management strategies by diminishing either the exposition to karst hazard or the vulnerability of man, [ES] Este trabajo analiza, desde múltiples puntos de vista, la problemática del karst en yesos en el entorno de Zaragoza, el desarrollo de dolinas aluviales y los riesgos que éstas conllevan. La morfología de las dolinas depende del comportamiento mecánico de la cobertera situada sobre el sustrato yesífero: en coberteras sin cohesión aparecen morfologías en embudo y en cubeta, producidas por subsidencia continuada, mientras en coberteras con cohesión se producen dolinas en ventana provocadas por colapso brusco. El reconocimiento superficial de las dolinas se basa en la observación de fotografías aéreas, en el análisis visual del terreno (depresiones topográficas, escalones, áreas de vegetación o rellenos antrópicos anómalos) y en la observación y análisis de daños en áreas urbanizadas. También pueden estudiarse la geometría y la estructura interna de las dolinas en secciones del terreno donde éstas hayan quedado expuestas. Así, las características de sus rellenos naturales permiten conocer las pautas y tasas de evolución y las interacciones entre la subsidencia kárstica y los procesos sedimentarios. El estudio de la evolución temporal de las dolinas, a partir de la comparación de fotografías aéreas de distintos años o del seguimiento instrumental de las mismas, ha permitido reconocer que se trata de un proceso dinámico que llega a alcanzar velocidades de hundimiento de 12 cm/año. En dicha evolución es frecuente la ocurrencia cíclica de periodos de subsidencia lenta y eventos de hundimiento brusco. La afección causada por la subsidencia kárstica en Zaragoza es muy significativa. Ésta se incrementó a partir de los años 70 del siglo pasado, cuando buena parte del suelo agrícola que circundaba la ciudad fue destinado a uso urbano, industrial y grandes infraestructuras. La prevención y manejo del riesgo kárstico en áreas urbanas y peri-urbanas debe contemplar: (1) la detección precoz de los fenómenos tanto en superficie como en profundidad (a partir de estudios geofísico

[EN] A geophysical survey routine is proposed to detect underground cavities and dolines; it is based on the sequential application of magnetic, low-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) and microgravity techniques. A case study near Zaragoza (Ebro valley, Spain) demonstrates the applicability of these methods. The strong contrast of magnetic and electromagnetic properties (and to a lesser scale, of density) between the doline filling and the surrounding stratified Tertiary and Quaternary rocks allows the shape of filled cavities to be clearly outlined by these methods.

[EN] The presence of alluvial dolines in the Ebro Basin causes problems to both agricultural and urban areas. At present, new urbanization of former farming areas requires new tools to detect karst zones and so diminish the hazard linked to collapses. In the surroundings of Zaragoza, dolines (developed mainly on Quaternary alluvial terraces covering a Tertiary gypsum substratum) are commonly filled with alluvial deposits, agricultural soils, urban debris, etc. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility show a remarkable contrast between host rocks and cavity fillings, demonstrating the value of magnetic surveying. A field test was made in a recently collapsed (September 2003) doline filled currently with urban debris. A magnetic survey was carried out following a 130 m2 grid, with 1–10 m spacing between profiles. A proton magnetometer with gradiometer was utilized, and the total field intensity and gradient measurements were taken. The magnetic survey demonstrated a strong anomaly with a dipole defined by more than 650 nT and a gradient of about 100 nT m−1. The 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) modelling of the magnetic anomaly fits well with the known geometrical data. Two other dolines (that are not clearly defined at the surface) were also detected during the survey. These results validate the starting hypothesis and open a new research approach to the problem. The magnetic survey output allows the construction of realistic geological models.