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ES: El Atlas para la monitorización de los cuidados en diabetes describe la atención sanitaria recibida por población diabética en Cantabria en términos de provisión de cuidados, resultados de los mismos y complicaciones. En las distintas secciones se comparan los resultados de los indicadores a nivel de zona básica de salud y de área sanitaria entre hombres y mujeres y entre poblaciones con distinto nivel socioeconómico, permitiendo su comparación. El tipo de indicadores representado y la unidad de análisis escogida hacen de este Atlas un instrumento potencialmente útil para la monitorización de la implementación de las estrategias regionales de Diabetes. cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas/cuidados-diabetes-cantabria/ EN: The Atlas for monitoring diabetes care describes the health care received by the diabetic population in Cantabria in terms of care provision, care outcomes and complications. The different sections compare the results of the indicators by basic health zone and health area between men and women and between populations with different socioeconomic status, allowing for comparison. The type of indicators represented and the unit of analysis chosen make this Atlas a potentially useful tool for monitoring the implementation of regional diabetes strategies., Editado por el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud y el Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón; Financiado principalmente a través de convocatorias públicas competitivas, por la Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud; Con la participación de profesionales de las Comunidades Autónomas: https://cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas-vpm/

ES: Este Atlas de prescripción farmacéutica en diabetes en Navarra, describe la atención sanitaria recibida por la población diabética en Navarra en términos del tratamiento farmacológico prescrito. Los indicadores representados recogen el patrón de prescripción general en la población diabética y con morbilidades y prácticas de prescripción no recomendadas o de bajo valor. Atlas de prescripción farmacéutica en diabetes ofrece análisis específicos por nivel socioeconómico y en hombres y mujeres por separado, permitiendo su comparación. El grupo de Ciencia de datos para la investigación en servicios y políticas sanitarias del Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud reporta la variación y la evolución de la atención sanitaria que presta el Sistema de Salud a través del Atlas de Variaciones de Práctica Médica en el SNS español. cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas/prescripcion-diabetes-navarra/ EN: This Atlas of pharmaceutical prescription in diabetes in Aragon describes the health care received by the diabetic population in Navarra in terms of the pharmacological treatment prescribed. The indicators represented reflect the general prescribing pattern in the diabetic population and with morbidities and prescribing practices that are not recommended or of low value. Atlas of pharmaceutical prescription in diabetes offers specific analyses by socioeconomic level and in men and women separately, allowing for comparison., Editado por el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud y el Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón; Financiado principalmente a través de convocatorias públicas competitivas, por la Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud; Con la participación de profesionales de las Comunidades Autónomas: https://cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas-vpm/

ES: El Atlas para la monitorización de los cuidados en diabetes describe la atención sanitaria recibida por población diabética en Canarias en términos de provisión de cuidados, resultados de los mismos y complicaciones. En las distintas secciones se comparan los resultados de los indicadores a nivel de zona básica de salud y de área sanitaria entre hombres y mujeres y entre poblaciones con distinto nivel socioeconómico, permitiendo su comparación. El tipo de indicadores representado y la unidad de análisis escogida hacen de este Atlas un instrumento potencialmente útil para la monitorización de la implementación de las estrategias regionales de Diabetes. cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas/cuidados-diabetes-canarias EN: The Atlas for monitoring diabetes care describes the health care received by the diabetic population in Canarias Island in terms of care provision, care outcomes and complications. The different sections compare the results of the indicators by basic health zone and health area between men and women and between populations with different socioeconomic status, allowing for comparison. The type of indicators represented and the unit of analysis chosen make this Atlas a potentially useful tool for monitoring the implementation of regional diabetes strategies., Editado por el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud y el Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón; Financiado principalmente a través de convocatorias públicas competitivas, por la Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud; Con la participación de profesionales de las Comunidades Autónomas: https://cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas-vpm/

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Proyecto MINECO-Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain)- PID2019-105674RB-I00 Proyecto DGA- Diputación General de Aragón (Spain)- LMP128_21 Introduction Cardiac microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be dysregulated in cardiac disease and aging both in animal models and humans. Thanks to their pleiotropic effects, miRNAs are spotlighted as promising therapeutic targets to treat cardiac conditions. However, their low stability and potential off-target effects in vivo difficult the development of effective and safe miRNA therapies. Nanotechnology enables the fabrication of biocompatible carriers to perform targeted delivery of both conventional and advanced therapies. In particular, nanostructures built with DNA (DNS) have been successfully developed for miRNA therapies in cancer, but they have not been applied in cardiac therapy yet [1]. Purpose The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the capacity of DNS to deliver miRNA therapies in human cardiomyocytes. Methods Our group has identified MIR24-2 upregulated with age in the human left ventricle and miR24-2-5p to interact with genes related with the cardiac function, such as SERCA2 [2]. Different versions of DNS were designed and generated by self-assembly of DNA strands containing anti-miR24-2-5p capture segments. Physicochemical characterization of DNS was then conducted to determine their auto-assembling capacity, size, morphology and thermal stability. The characterization of the biological effect of the DNS was also conducted in vitro and in cell culture of HEK293 and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (iCM) to assess their cytotoxicity and internalization capacity. Results DNS were assembled correctly and reproducibly into carriers of around 30-50 nm. In vitro, the DNS showed thermal stability at physiological temperature, proper stability in serum and they disassembled specifically in the presence of the target miR24-2-5p sequence. In HEK293 and iCM cultures, the DNS showed lack of cytotoxicity demonstrating in vitro biocompatibility. DNS were efficiently internalized by HEK293, but the uptake capacity of DNS by iCM was remarkably lower. Conclusions We created and characterized biocompatible anti-miR-loaded DNS that effectively captured the target miR-24-2-5p in vitro. DNS internalized in iCM, but with lower efficiency than in HEK293 cells. Our results indicate that DNS are suitable candidates to carry miRNA therapies to human cardiac cells in vitro, but the observed cell-type specific differences suggest that future efforts need to be directed towards developing DNS functionalization capable of promoting efficient and specific carrier uptake in vivo by primary cardiac cells in vivo.

This article is composed of three independent commentaries about the state of Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) principles (Goldman et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10508554.1) in the Geomagnetism, Paleomagnetism, and Electromagnetism (GPE) section and discussion on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them. Each commentary focuses on a different topic: Global collaboration, reproducibility, data sharing and infrastructure; Inclusive equitable, and accessible science: Involvement, challenges, and support of early career, BIPOC, women, LGBTQIA+, and/or disabled researchers; Community engagement, citizen science, education, and stakeholder involvement. Data sharing practices and open repository use still varies strongly between GPE communities. Some have a long tradition of data sharing; others are only starting it. Globally, GPE leadership is strongly dominated by white males and diversity may increase through the creation of Science Equality Commissions. Improved global stakeholder involvement can increase research impacts and help fight inequalities. In all investigated topics we see promising beginnings but also recognize obstacles that include a lack of funding, a lack of understanding of diversity, and prioritizing short-term gain over long-term benefit. Nonetheless, we are hopeful that our community will embrace ICON science.

ES: Este Atlas de prescripción farmacéutica en diabetes en Aragón, describe la atención sanitaria recibida por la población diabética en Aragón en términos del tratamiento farmacológico prescrito. Los indicadores representados recogen el patrón de prescripción general en la población diabética y con morbilidades y prácticas de prescripción no recomendadas o de bajo valor. Atlas de prescripción farmacéutica en diabetes ofrece análisis específicos por nivel socioeconómico y en hombres y mujeres por separado, permitiendo su comparación. El grupo de Ciencia de datos para la investigación en servicios y políticas sanitarias del Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud reporta la variación y la evolución de la atención sanitaria que presta el Sistema de Salud a través del Atlas de Variaciones de Práctica Médica en el SNS español. cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas/prescripcion-diabetes-aragon/ EN: This Atlas of pharmaceutical prescription in diabetes in Aragon describes the health care received by the diabetic population in Aragon in terms of the pharmacological treatment prescribed. The indicators represented reflect the general prescribing pattern in the diabetic population and with morbidities and prescribing practices that are not recommended or of low value. Atlas of pharmaceutical prescription in diabetes offers specific analyses by socioeconomic level and in men and women separately, allowing for comparison., Editado por el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud y el Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón; Financiado principalmente a través de convocatorias públicas competitivas, por la Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud; Con la participación de profesionales de las Comunidades Autónomas: https://cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas-vpm/

ES: En el atlas de variaciones injustificada en la calidad de los cuidados hospitalarios, se representa el desempeño de los hospitales de agudos del SNS en el tratamiento de aquellos diagnósticos, o procedimientos quirúrgicos, usualmente considerados para medir la calidad de los cuidados hospitalarios, a través del estudio del riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en el año 2018. Para cada centro hospitalario analizado dentro de los indicadores de diagnóstico y procedimiento, se muestra tres tipos de resultados complementarios, la tasa cruda, la razón estandarizada (cociente entre los valores observados y los valores esperados) y la posición relativa de esta última, resultante de la comparación de cada unidad de análisis con respecto a un benchmark (la unidad). cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas/calidad-2018 EN:The atlas of unjustified variations in the quality of hospital care represents the performance of the acute hospitals of the NHS in the treatment of those diagnoses or surgical procedures usually considered to measure the quality of hospital care, through the study of the risk of in-hospital mortality in 2018. For each hospital centre analysed within the diagnosis and procedure indicators, three types of complementary results are shown, the crude rate, the standardised ratio (quotient between the observed values and the expected values) and the relative position of the latter, resulting from the comparison of each unit of analysis with respect to a benchmark (the unit)., Editado por el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud y el Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón; Financiado principalmente a través de convocatorias públicas competitivas, por la Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud; Con la participación de profesionales de las 17 Comunidades Autónomas: https://cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas-vpm/., {"references":["https://cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas/calidad-2018/"]}

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) Diputación General de Aragón Introduction Heart failure (HF) is characterized by deterioration of the electrical and contractile function of the heart due to structural and functional remodelling, leading to development of arrhythmias and increased sudden cardiac death risk. SK channels are a type of calcium-activated potassium channels that do not play a relevant role in normal ventricular electrophysiology. However, it has been hypothesized that these channels become more relevant in pathologies such as HF. Nontheless, their role in human ventricular electrophysiology is not fully characterized. Purpose We aimed to determine the presence and function of SK channels in the ventricle of HF patients by characterizing action potential duration (APD) changes produced by modulation of SK channels in ventricular tissue slices. Methods Left ventricular transmural biopsies and papillary muscles were taken from 9 HF patients. Control tissues (without ventricular remodelling) were taken from an area not affected by ischemic disease from 3 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Samples from the mid-myocardium (from biopsies) and endocardium (from papillary muscles) were evaluated separately. All patients gave written informed consent prior to surgery and their inclusion in the study, which complied with the principles of the declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local ethics committee (PI17/0023). Tissue slices of 350µm thick were produced in a high precision vibratome and maintained in cold, pre-oxygenated Tyrode's buffer. Tissue slices were optically mapped after staining with RH237. APDs were measured at different stimulation frequencies from 0.5 to 3 Hz, at baseline and after addition of SKA-31 100µM, a selective activator of SK channels. The notation n/N is used to denote n tissue slices from N samples. Wilcoxon test for paired samples was used for statistical evaluation. A p-value Results SKA-31 shortened the APD at all frequencies in HF patients (n/N=32/9), whereas no significant change was observed in the control group (n/N=11/3). In the endocardial samples (n/N=21/6) from HF patients, mean reductions in APD of 18, 15, 11 and 9% were observed at frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 Hz, respectively, while in the mid-myocardial HF samples (n/N=12/3) the corresponding shortening of APD was of 15, 13, 5 and 11%. This shortening was significant for all evaluated conditions, except for stimulation at 3Hz in the mid-myocardial samples, where a non-significant decreasing trend in APD was observed (p=0.062). Conclusions The presence and function of SK channels in human failing ventricles are shown in a highly representative system like ventricular tissue slices. Significant APD shortening is observed upon activation of the SK channels, which is not observed in the control group. These results contribute to improved understanding of HF and can serve as a basis for the development of new diagnostic tools and therapies.

ES: El Atlas para la monitorización de los cuidados en diabetes describe la atención sanitaria recibida por población diabética en la Comunidad Valenciana en términos de provisión de cuidados, resultados de los mismos y complicaciones. En las distintas secciones se comparan los resultados de los indicadores a nivel de zona básica de salud y de área sanitaria entre hombres y mujeres y entre poblaciones con distinto nivel socioeconómico, permitiendo su comparación. El tipo de indicadores representado y la unidad de análisis escogida hacen de este Atlas un instrumento potencialmente útil para la monitorización de la implementación de las estrategias regionales de Diabetes. cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas/cuidados-diabetes-valencia/ EN: The Atlas for monitoring diabetes care describes the health care received by the diabetic population in the Comunidad Valenciana in terms of care provision, care outcomes and complications. The different sections compare the results of the indicators by basic health zone and health area between men and women and between populations with different socioeconomic status, allowing for comparison. The type of indicators represented and the unit of analysis chosen make this Atlas a potentially useful tool for monitoring the implementation of regional diabetes strategies., Editado por el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud y el Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón; Financiado principalmente a través de convocatorias públicas competitivas, por la Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud; Con la participación de profesionales de las Comunidades Autónomas: https://cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas-vpm/

ES: En este Atlas de variaciones en hospitalizaciones pediátricas se describe la variabilidad en las hospitalizaciones y en la utilización de distintos procedimientos pediátricos (de 0 a 14 años) en 2018 y su evolución desde 2003. Concretamente se analiza la variabilidad en la utilización de cinco procedimientos quirúrgicos (apendicectomía, adenoidectomía sin amigdalectomía, amigdalectomía con o sin adenoidectomía, reparación de hernia inguinal y orquidopexia) y la variabilidad en las admisiones urgentes por seis diagnósticos médicos (bronquiolitis, asma, gastroenteritis, infecciones urinarias, infecciones respiratorias de vías altas y otitis media) en población pediátrica. Además se analiza la variabilidad y evolución del total de las hospitalizaciones pediátricas en el total de la población pediátrica (hasta los 14 años) y por tramos de edad. cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas/pediatria-2018 EN:This Atlas of variations in paediatric hospitalisations describes the variability in hospitalisations and in the use of different paediatric procedures (0-14 years) in 2018 and its evolution since 2003. Specifically, the variability in the use of five surgical procedures (appendectomy, adenoidectomy without tonsillectomy, tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy, inguinal hernia repair and orchidopexy) and the variability in emergency admissions for six medical diagnoses (bronchiolitis, asthma, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media) in the paediatric population are analysed., Editado por el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud y el Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón; Financiado principalmente a través de convocatorias públicas competitivas, por la Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud; Con la participación de profesionales de las 17 Comunidades Autónomas: https://cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas-vpm/

X Congreso Geológico de España, 5-7 Julio 2021, Vitoria - Gasteiz, Las remagnetizaciones químicas regionales relacionadas con procesos de enterramiento y diagénesis son un proceso ampliamente extendido en cuñas orogénicas y cuencas sedimentarias. Este proceso conlleva la neoformación autigénica de minerales ferromagnéticos s.l. en relación con el aumento de temperatura asociado al enterramiento. Sin embargo, todavía no se conoce bien la cinética de estos procesos, debido en parte a que la mayoría de las remagnetizaciones de este tipo descritas en la literatura científica se produjeron durante supercrones magnéticos. Los materiales turbidíticos eocenos de la Cuenca de Jaca (Pirineos Occidentales) muestran una remagnetización química de doble polaridad, registrando varios crones a lo largo de la secuencia sedimentaria remagnetizada. Dentro del proyecto UKRIA4D (PID2019-104693GB-I00/CTA), se va a realizar un estudio multidisciplinar para relacionar temperatura de enterramiento, mineralogía magnética y edad de la remagnetización con la que evaluar de manera empírica las relaciones cinéticas entre los distintos factores.

X Congreso Geológico de España, 5-7 Julio 2021, Vitoria - Gasteiz, Los niveles salinos depositados antes de la deformación, tanto en márgenes pasivos como en contextos orogénicos, producen una deformación diferencial en los niveles por encima y por debajo del despegue salino. La distribución de los despegues salinos controla el acortamiento diferencial y la formación de arcos orogénicos y el diapirismo puede generar minicuencas asociadas a rotaciones de ejes vertical durante su desarrollo. Nuestro estudio, con 65 estaciones paleomagnéticas, pretende deducir la cinemática de estructuras salinas mediante el estudio de una porción del Arco Vasco, en el margen norte de la Cuenca extensiva Vasco-Cantábrica, donde la cobertera de la sal está compartimentada por varias paredes salinas (diapiros de Bakio, Bermeo, Guernica y Mungia). Los resultados muestran rotaciones antihorarias predominantes y rotaciones horarias y antihorarias en flancos opuestos de los diapiros. Los test del pliegue revelan que algunas estaciones están remagnetizadas mientras otras muestran magnetizaciones ¿prefolding¿. Los experimentos de magnetismo de rocas en parte de las muestras estudiadas confirman estas observaciones. A pesar de que son necesarios más análisis para entender el origen y la distribución de las remagnetizaciones, es posible establecer un modelo cinemático preliminar de la deformación suprasal junto a los materiales despegados infrayacentes., This work has been supported by the project SALTCON- BELT-CGL2017-85532-P funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and FEDER. Some of the authors are members of the consolidated research group of Geodynamics and Basin Analysis 2017SGR596 of the Generalitat de Catalunya.

ES: Esta edición del Atlas de Variaciones en la Práctica Médica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud trata sobre la variabilidad en las hospitalizaciones por intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas para tratar 8 condiciones oncológicas (cánceres de mama-conservador y no conservador-, útero, próstata, colon, vejiga, estómago, pulmón y laringe) en los hospitales de la red del SNS. Se han seleccionado estos cánceres por su impacto en la morbilidad y mortalidad de la población española. La selección de los ingresos quirúrgicos, frente al conjunto de ingresos oncológicos, deriva de la factibilidad para su identificación en los CMBD y también, en la importancia de la cirugía como marcador genérico del manejo de los procesos cancerosos. De hecho, variaciones importantes en las tasas de algunas cirugías sugieren problemas de calidad asistencial ya sean por diagnósticos tardíos o diferencias en el manejo clínico que pueden ser tanto por subutilización (no intervención en procesos ideales susceptibles) o sobreutilización (intervención donde la cirugía no aporta valor) cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas/oncologia-2018/ EN: This edition of the Atlas of Variations in Medical Practice Variations in the National Health System is about the variability in hospitalizations for surgical interventions performed to treat 8 oncological conditions (breast-conservative and non-conservative-, uterine, prostate, colon, bladder, stomach, lung and larynx cancers) in the hospitals of the SNS network. These types of cancer were selected because of their impact on morbidity and mortality in the Spanish population. The selection of surgical admissions, as opposed to all oncologic admissions, derives from the feasibility of identifying them in the CMBD and also from the importance of surgery as a generic marker for the management of cancerous processes. In fact, important variations in the rates of some surgeries suggest problems of quality of care, whether due to late diagnosis or differences in clinical management, which may be due to underutilization (non-intervention in ideal susceptible processes) or overutilization (intervention where surgery does not add value)., Editado por el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud y el Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón; Financiado principalmente a través de convocatorias públicas competitivas, por la Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud; Con la participación de profesionales de las 17 Comunidades Autónomas: https://cienciadedatosysalud.org/atlas-vpm/

Head-Down Bed Rest (HDBR) microgravity simulation induces cardiovascular deconditioning, including effects on ventricular repolarization. The index of Periodic Repolarization Dynamics (PRD) was developed to quantify low-frequency oscillations of cardiac repolarization. In this study, PRD was quantified by Phase Rectified Signal Averaging (PRDPRSA) and Continuous Wavelet Transform (PRDCWT) methods. PRD was analyzed in ECGs from 22 volunteers at rest and during orthostatic Tilt-Table Test (TTT) performed before and after -6° 60-days HDBR. Significant correlation was found between PRD measured by PRSA and CWT (Pearson''s ¿ = 0.93, p < 10-54 and Kendall''s t = 0.79 p < 10-38). A highly significant increase was found when PRDPRSA values were measured at POST-HDBR with respect to PRE-HDBR in the tilt phase: 1.40 [1.10] deg and 0.97 [0.90] deg (median [IQR]), p = 0.008, respectively. PRDPRSA also increased significantly in the tilt phase with respect to baseline, both at POST-HDBR (0.90 [0.57] deg, p = 0.003) and at PRE-HDBR (0.75 [0.45] deg, p = 0.011). PRD, either measured with PRSA or with CWT, is able to measure changes in ventricular repolarization induced by microgravity simulation as well as following sympathetic provocation.

Strong recent clinical evidence links the presence of prominent oscillations of ventricular repolarization in the low-frequency range (0.04-0.15 Hz) to the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death in post-MI patients and patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. It has been proposed that these oscillations reflect oscillations of ventricular action potential duration at the sympathetic nerve frequency. Here we review emerging evidence to support that contention and provide insight into possible underlying mechanisms for this association.

This paper conducts a comparative review of the (curative) health systems’ response taken by Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta, Portugal, and Spain during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, these Mediterranean countries shared similarities in terms of health system resources, which were low compared to the EU/OECD average. We distill key policy insights regarding the governance tools adopted to manage the pandemic, the means to secure sufficient physical infrastructure and workforce capacity and some financing and coverage aspects. We performed a qualitative analysis of the evidence reported to the ‘Health System Response Monitor’ platform of the European Observatory by country experts. We found that governance in the early stages of the pandemic was undertaken centrally in all the Mediterranean countries, even in Italy and Spain where regional authorities usually have autonomy over health matters. Stretched public resources prompted countries to deploy “flexible” intensive care unit capacity and health workforce resources as agile solutions. The private sector was also utilized to expand resources and health workforce capacity, through special public-private partnerships. Countries ensured universal coverage for COVID-19-related services, even for groups not usually entitled to free publicly financed health care, such as undocumented migrants. We conclude that flexibility, speed and adaptive management in health policy responses were key to responding to immediate needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Financial barriers to accessing care as well as potentially higher mortality rates were avoided in most of the countries during the first wave. Yet it is still early to assess to what extent countries were able to maintain essential services without undermining equitable access to high quality care. © 2021

Aging comes with gradual loss of functions that increase the vulnerability to disease, senescence, and death. The mechanisms underlying these processes are linked to a prolonged imbalance between damage and repair. Damaging mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronodisruption, inflammation, and telomere attrition, as well as genetic and epigenetic alterations. Several endogenous tissue repairing mechanisms also decrease. These alterations associated with aging affect the entire organism. The most devastating manifestations involve the cardiovascular system and may lead to lethal cardiac arrhythmias. Together with structural remodeling, electrophysiological and intercellular communication alterations during aging predispose to arrhythmic events. Despite the knowledge on repairing mechanisms in the cardiovascular system, effective antiaging strategies able to reduce the risk of arrhythmias are still missing. Melatonin is a promising therapeutic candidate due to its pleiotropic actions. This indoleamine regulates chronobiology and endocrine physiology. Of relevance, melatonin is an antiaging, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antiarrhythmic, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative molecule. This review focuses on the protective effects of melatonin on age-induced cardiac functional and structural alterations, potentially becoming a new fountain of youth for the heart.

El proyecto GeoPiri3D tiene como objetivo caracterizar la geometría y la cinemática de los batolitos permo-carboníferos del Pirineo Central por medio de una combinación de campos potenciales y de datos estructurales. Durante 2018 se han adquirido 824 nuevas estaciones de gravedad y 186 muestras de roca. Los datos de gravedad se han procesado e integrado en la base de datos del IGME y se ha calculado un nuevo mapa de anomalías de Bouguer. Los dos cuerpos graníticos principales (La Maladeta y Andorra-Mount Louis) proporcionan diferentes respuestas gravimétricas. La anomalía sobre el afloramiento de granito de La Maladeta presenta pequeñas variaciones en su amplitud que se asocian con cambios de facies. Los datos petrofísicos proporcionan una densidad media de ca. 2,6 g/ cm3 que son consistentes con su composición, predominantemente granodiorítica. El afloramiento del plutón de Mount Louis-Andorra se caracteriza por un mínimo relativo, lo que sugiere una composición predominantemente granítica (aún no se tienen resultados de las medidas de densidad). Además, el mínimo se extiende en dirección NE, lo que sugiere que parte del plutón está enterrado. El mínimo relativo al SO del granito de La Maladeta probablemente está relacionado con las acumulaciones de evaporitas triásicas The GeoPiri3D project aims to characterize the geometry and kinematics of the Permo-Carboniferous batholiths of the Central Pyrenees through a combination of potential fields and structural data. During 2018 we have acquired 824 new gravity stations and 186 rock samples. The gravity data were processed and integrated into the IGME database and a new Bouguer anomaly was calculated. The two main granite bodies (La Maladeta and Andorra-Mount Louis) provide different gravimetric responses. The anomaly on the La Maladeta granite outcrop presents a zonation with small variations in its amplitude. The petrophysical data provide an average density of ca. 2.6 g/cm3, which is consistent with its granodioritic composition. The outcrop of the Andorra-Mount Louis pluton is characterized by a relative minimum, suggesting a dominant granitic composition. In addition, the minimum extends in an oblique NE direction indicating that part of the pluton is buried. The relative minimum to the SW of La Maladeta is probably linked to accumulations of Triassic evaporites

Aging leads to structural and electrophysiological changes that increase the risk of postoperative atrial arrhythmias; however, noninvasive preoperative markers of atrial proarrhythmic conditions are still needed. This study is aimed at assessing whether interatrial dyssynchrony determined using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography relates to proarrhythmic structural and functional remodeling. A cohort of 45 patients in sinus rhythm referred for cardiac surgery was evaluated by echocardiography and surface electrocardiogram the day before the intervention. Transmembrane potential, connexin, and potassium channel distribution, inflammatory, and nitrooxidative markers were measured from right atrial tissue obtained from patients. A difference greater than 40 milliseconds between right and left atrial free wall contraction confirmed the presence of interatrial dyssynchrony in 21 patients. No difference in relation with age, previous diseases, and 2-dimensional echocardiographic findings as well as average values of global longitudinal right and left atrial strain were found between synchronic and dyssynchronic patients. Postoperative atrial fibrillation incidence increased from 8.3% in the synchronic group to 33.3% in the dyssynchronic ones. P wave duration showed no difference between groups. Action potentials from dyssynchronous patients decreased in amplitude, maximal rate of depolarization, and hyperpolarized. Duration at 30% of repolarization increased, being markedly shorter at 90% of repolarization. Only the dyssynchronous group showed early and delayed afterdepolarizations. Atrial tissue of dyssynchronous patients displayed lateralization of connexin 40 and increased connexin 43 expression and accumulation of tumor necrosis factor-a in the intercalated disc. Tumor necrosis factor-a did not colocalize, however, with lateralized connexin 40. Nitroxidative marks and KATP channels increased perivascularly and in myocytes. Our results demonstrate that, as compared to a traditional surface electrocardiogram, the novel noninvasive echocardiographic evaluation of interatrial dyssynchrony provides a better identification of nonaged-related proarrhythmic atrial remodeling with increased susceptibility to postoperative atrial fibrillation.

This study compares stimulation waveforms for single-cell simulations. The alternatives include monophasic and biphasic current pulses, and a new waveform that resembles the transmembrane current responsible for conduction in tissue. Results indicate that the new stimulation produces the lowest mismatch between action potential markers simulated in cell and in tissue. In comparison with the monophasic stimulation, the new stimulation reduced cell-fiber differences by 99% for triangulation, by 95% for maximum transmembrane voltage, and by 76% for the maximum voltage slope. In conclusion, the new stimulation waveform could help to improve the trustworthiness of single-cell simulations in studies involving tissue-derived markers.