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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tepung tulang ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos) yang dikeringbekukan menggunakan freeze-dry terhadap kadar testosteron pada otot pectoralis, bobot otot pectoralis, dan lingkar dada pada ayam bangkok (Gallus gallus domesticus). Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 ekor ayam bangkok jantan dengan umur 3-4 bulan yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok perlakuan yaitu P0 (kontrol) dan P1 (tepung tulang ikan bandeng sebanyak 3,3 g/ekor/hari). Sebelum dilakukan penelitian dilakukan aklimatisasi selama 7 hari dan tepung tulang bandeng yang sudah dicampurkan dengan pakan diberikan setiap hari secara oral selama 35 hari. Pengukuran lingkar dada ayam bangkok dilakukan pada hari ke 7, 14, 21, 28, dan 35. Pada akhir penelitian ayam dinekropsi, kemudian dilakukan penimbangan otot pectoralis dan sampel homogenat otot pectoralis disentrifugasi dingin. Selanjutnya supernatan dikoleksi dan dianalisis menggunakan metode Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) untuk mengetahui kadar testosteron pada otot pectoralis. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan independent sample T-Test dengan bantuan SPPS versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (Sig. (2-tailed) < 0,05) pada kadar hormon testosteron otot pectoralis, bobot otot pectoralis dan lingkar dada ayam bangkok. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian tepung tulang ikan bandeng dengan metode freeze-dry dengan dosis 3,3 g/ekor/hari secara oral selama 35 hari dapat meningkatkan kadar testosteron pada otot pectoralis, bobot otot pectoralis dan lingkar dada pada ayam bangkok.

Alternating Current‐Electric Field (AC‐EF) generated by non‐contact Electro Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) can inhibit breast tumor growth. However, its effect on breast tumor angiogenesis remains unclear. Since angiogenesis is involved in normal physiology and tumors, it is crucial to investigate the effect of ECCT on normal and breast tumor angiogenesis. Samples consisting of rat breast normal tissue and breast tumors were obtained from the biobank, with tumors induced by 7,12‐dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA) at 20 mg/kg BW 10 times over five weeks. Meanwhile, ECCT exposure of 150 kHz and 18 Vpp was conducted for 21 days at 10 hours/day. The qPCR method was used for gene expression analysis, while immunohistochemistry used antibody anti‐Vegfr2 that was used to detect Vegfr2 protein expression. Data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and t‐tests performed with GraphPad Prism ver.9.5.1 software. The results revealed no impact of ECCT exposure on normal breast tissue angiogenesis. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in the number of blood vessels following the upregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor‐2 (Vegfr2) as opposed to its primary signal, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor‐A (Vegfa). Furthermore, gene expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor‐1α (Hif1α) and Specificity Protein‐1 (Sp1) was similar to that of the control group, suggesting that Vegfr2‐dependent angiogenesis regulates ECCT‐treated breast tumor angiogenesis.

Background: Dental caries is an oral cavity disease that affects most Indonesians. Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) is one of the bacteria that causes dental caries. Control of bacteria in the form of antibacterial agents is needed to suppress the growth of L. acidophilus. Purple leaves (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) are a medicinal plant with antibacterial compounds, namely flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. Purpose: Determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of purple leaves extract on the growth of L. acidophilus. Method: The sample consisted of seven groups, including positive control (chlorhexidine 0.2%), negative control (BHI-B), and purple leaves extract with concentrations of 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, and 1.56%. The antibacterial activity of purple leaves extract was carried out quantitatively using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 600 nm. After that, it was incubated at 37°C for 48 hours, followed by absorbance measurement. The absorbance results were then analyzed using the Paired T-Test (before and after incubation). Result: Purple leaves extract concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, and 25% had an inhibitory effect on L. acidophillus. Conclusion: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of purple leaves extract on the growth of L. acidophilus was 6.25%

The use of artificial intelligence can increase productivity and efficiency in various sectors of life. However, it can also potentially cause legal problems especially criminal law if they result in losses. The subject of law in determining who should be responsible is a separate issue. This research examines whether technology using artificial intelligence can be used as the subject of criminal law so that criminal responsibility can be held. This research is normative juridical research with a statutory, conceptual approach and cases related to artificial intelligence and criminal law issues. The study shows that the ability to analyze and make decisions possesed by artificial intelligence can be indicated as "malicious intent". Yet, the concept of punishment for the artificial intelligence system requires a unique formula, as the personality of artificial intelligence cannot be equated with the personality of a human or legal entity. The granting of legal status through a criminal sanction mechanism in the form of machine deactivation, reprogramming, and the severity of destroying machines is expected to provide future solutions to minimize the risk of criminal acts by artificial intelligence.

The partners in this Community Service Program (PkM) are a group of freshwater fish cultivators in RW 04 Jatibening Baru Village, Bekasi City. Two main problems for partners are: 1. the high cost of fish feed so that business profits are not maximized and 2. business management that is not yet optimal. The purpose of this PkM activity is to apply appropriate technology for fish feed pellet machines as a result of faculty members’ research to benefit partners. The implementation method for this PkM is: The first stage is to collect data on the need for the number of fish feed pellets from partners, which then determines the type of pellet maker that is most suitable and then manufactures the pellet maker. The next stage is conducting training to partners in making fish feed pellets and business management with the canvas business model. By carrying out this service activity, it can be concluded that: 1. partners are able to reduce the cost of fish feed by 50%, 2. partners are able to make nutritional compositions for fish feed, and 3. partners understand the basics of the canvas business model in business management.

Background and Aim: Pelung cockerels (Gallus gallus gallusGallus gallus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]) are different from other native cockerels in that they have a long and unique voice, in addition to their tall, large, and sturdy body with a relatively heavy body weight (BW). The sound quality of pelung cockerels is affected by the structure of the syrinx and their large and strong chest muscles. The performance of the chest muscles, and subsequently its voice, is influenced by the hormone testosterone. The shell of blood clams (Anadara granosa Linnaeus, 1758), a saltwater bivalve is known to contain a natural aromatase blocker (NAB) capable of blocking the aromatase enzyme from converting testosterone to estradiol. This generates consistently high levels of testosterone. This study aimed to determine the effect of blood clam shell powder (BCSP) as an NAB on the growth, pectoralis muscle performance, and testes of pelung cockerels. Materials and Methods: The study design was a completely randomized design, with 16 pelung cockerels aged 40–56 weeks divided into four treatment groups: T0 (control); T1 (BCSP [A. granosa] 0.9 mg/kg BW); T2 (zinc sulfate [ZnSO4] 0.9 mg/kg BW); and T3 (testosterone 3 mg/day). The animals were acclimatized for 7 days and then given dietary treatments for 56 days. The measurement of the comb, wattle, and chest circumference (CC) of pelung cockerels was performed on days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. At the end of the treatment, the pelung cockerels were sacrificed and the data of the pectoralis muscle weight (PMW), testis weight (TW), and area of the pectoralis muscle (APM) were measured. Samples of pectoralis muscle and testes were taken and fixed in 10% neutral buffer formalin for histology. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was identified by immunohistochemical staining. To measure fascicle area (FA), myofiber area (MA), and enumerate, the fascicle myofibers (NM) histology preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). Testicular preparations were stained with H and E to measure the diameter of the seminiferous tubules (DST) using ImageJ software. Results: The growth performance on day 56 showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher differences of CC in T1 compared to T2 and T0, in T1 and T3 compared to T0, and in T3 and T2 compared to T0. Pectoralis muscle results, that is, FA, NM, MA, and PCNA-positive cells, showed that cockerels on treatment T3 had significantly higher results than other treatments, T1 was significantly different from T2 and T0, and T2 was significantly different from T0. In addition, the TW and DST measurement of cockerels on treatment T3 were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) than the other treatment groups. Conclusion: The oral administration of BCSP in the role of a NAB at a dose of 0.9 mg/kg BW for 56 days improved the growth performance and pectoralis muscle, especially the CC, FA, NM, MA, and PCNA-positive cells parameters, but did not affect the PMW, APM, and testis of pelung cockerels. The administration of testosterone at 3 mg/day for 56 days contributed to the decrease in TW and DST, as well as atrophy of the seminiferous tubules of pelung cockerels.

This study examines the prolactin hormone profile in Etaawa, Sapera and Saanen lactating goats, adult females, pregnant does, and yearlings. This study used a total of 80 randomly selected goats with details of 26 Ettawa Crossbreed goats (eight lactating, six adult females, six pregnant, and six heifers), 32 Sapera goats (eight lactating, six adult females, twelve pregnant, and six yearlings) and 22 Saanen goats (five lactating, four adult females, six pregnant and yearling). All goats were declared clinically healthy. Blood sampling was performed through the jugular vein in each animal; then, serum was analyzed with an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to prolactin concentration. High prolactin concentrations were found in Saanen goats in pregnant physiological status compared to Sapera and Ettawa crossbreed goats.

Pendahuluan: Penyakit periodontal merupakan salah satu penyakit inflamasi kronis yang menyerang periodonsium yang disebabkan oleh salah satu mikroorganisme yaitu Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Perawatan penyakit periodontal dapat dilakukan dengan bahan alam salah satunya daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum). Daun sirih merah memiliki aktivitas senyawa antibakteri yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan A. actinomycetemcomitans. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daya antibakteri ekstrak daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) terhadap pertumbuhan A. actinomycetemcomitans. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram pada media MHA (Mueller Hinton Agar) dengan mengukur zona bening yang terbentuk menggunakan jangka sorong. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan eksperimental laboratoris dengan sampel sebanyak 30 sampel. Hasil: Daya hambat ekstrak daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) terhadap A. actinomycetemcomitans terdapat pada kelompok perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 100%. Aktivitas antibakteri konsentrasi 25% dikategorikan sedang, konsentrasi 50% dan 100% dikategorikan kuat. Kelompok kontrol positif terdapat aktivitas daya hambat bakteri dengan nilai rerata diameter 23,42 mm, sedangkan kelompok kontrol negatif tidak menunjukkan adanya zona hambat. Hasil uji Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan bahwa signifikansi (0,00) dengan p

Pendahuluan: Enzim bromelin dari bagian daging dan bonggol buah nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr,) berpotensi sebagai bahan chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) berbasisenzim yang aman dan ekonomis. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang membahas lebih lanjut mengenai waktu aplikasi yang efektif bagi enzim bromelin dalam melakukan degradasi jaringan karies pada dentin. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis waktu aplikasi yang efektif bagi enzim bromelin konsentrasi 10% dalam mendegradasi jaringan karies pada dentin dengan waktu aplikasi selama 1, 2, dan 3 menit. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratories menggunakan 36 sampel gigi premolar permanen rahang atas dengan kondisi karies klas I yang dibagi menjadi 9 kelompok penelitian. Bahan uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan gel enzim bromelin konsentrasi 10% yang diperoleh melalui proses presipitasi menggunakan ammonium sulfat 60% dan dilanjutkan dengan proses sentrifugasi. Seluruh sampel diukur kedalaman degradasi jaringan karies yang terbentuk menggunakan SEM. Data yang diperoleh dilakukan uji statistic Kruskall Wallis kemudian dilanjutkan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil: Uji Kruskall Wallis menyatakan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dengan nilai p=0,002 (p0,05), sedangkan pada kelompok dengan waktu aplikasi 2 menit dan 3 menit terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik dengan nilai p=0,000 (p0.05), whereas, in the group with 2 minutes and 3 minutes of application time, there was a statistically significant difference with a value of p = 0.000 (p

Aromatase blocker effectively promotes testosterone, which improves muscle performance and protein synthesis. Considerable muscle strength in Bangkok rooster is the outcome of testosterone activity. Clamshell contains aromatase blocker substances, while fishbone possesses a high amount of protein. This research aimed to evaluate the clamshell and fishbone combination potency towards testosterone levels and muscle performance in Bangkok roosters. This study employed 18 Bangkok roosters under 35 days of treatment. The rooster groups consisted of control (P0, n = 6); clamshell-fishbone (P1, n = 6): clamshell (6.6 gram/day) + fishbone (3.3 gram/day); fishbone (P2, n = 6): fishbone (3.3 gram/day). The blood was collected once every seven days. Enzyme immunoassay showed the highest serum and muscle testosterone levels in P1 (p

Background and Aim: Pelung chickens make unique, pleasant, and rhythmic sounds in addition to having strong muscle mass. Performance is controlled by testosterone. A natural aromatase blocker is an agent capable of blocking the aromatase enzyme, which consequently prevents testosterone from being changed into estradiol. Such a condition results in consistently high testosterone levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the administration of the shell powder of Anadara granosa on the testosterone level, frequency and quality of sounds, and metabolism of Pelung chickens within set parameters of thyroid hormone levels, the triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) ratio, and weight gain. Materials and Methods: This study used four Pelung chickens aged 14 months. Control data consisted of data before treatment (day 0). Shell powder of A. granosa was administered for 56 days. Body weight (BW) was measured, and blood samples were drawn. In addition, the sounds from Pelung chickens were recorded once every 2 weeks on days 14, 28, 42, and 56. The blood samples were analyzed using the enzyme immunoassay method to determine testosterone, T3, and T4 levels. The sounds of Pelung chickens were recorded using the Hagemon touch method and analyzed using the Audacity application. Results: The results showed a significant difference (p

Kesehatan merupakan hal yang sangat penting yang harus diusahakan. Kesehatan salah satunya diwujudkan dengan perilaku hidup yang bersih dan sehat. . Perilaku sehat adalah pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan proaktif untuk memelihara dan mencegah resiko terjadinya penyakit, melindungi dari ancaman penyakit, serta berperan aktif dalam Gerakan kesehatan Masyarakat. Hidup yang sehat dan bersih misalnya dengan menjaga pola makan yang seimbang, menjaga kebersihan diri dan lingkungan. Banyak sakit yang ditimbulkan karena tidak menjaga kebersihan. Pada masa sekarang ini telah terjadi pandemi Covid 19. Covid 19 telah memakan korban jiwa yang sangat banyak sekali diseluruh penjuru dunia, begitu pula di Indonesia. Penyebaran virus Corona disebarkan oleh droplet dari penderita kemudian sampai ke orang lain masuk melalui mulut, hidung dan mata, maka orang tersebut akan tertular. Sehingga penting sekali untuk berperilaku hidup yang bersih dan sehat. Demikian pula Pesantren Tahfizh Daarul Qur’an, dimana santrinya perupakan pemuda generasi bangsa. Santri tinggal diasrama sehingga harus memiliki kemampuan dan melaksanakan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Misalnya mengkonsumsi makanan yang seimbang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya, memcuci tangan dengan air mengalir dan menggunakan sabun. . Tugas utama santri adalah belajar, agar dapat belajar dengan baik maka badan harus sehat dan lingkungan diri dan sekitar dalam kondisi bersih. Santri adalah generasi muda bangsa. Bangsa Indonesia menanti karya-karya mereka untuk berkiprah dalam pembangunan, mensejahterakan Indonesia. Dengan demikian sangat penting diberikan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan tentang perilaku hidup yang bersih dan sehat. Pandemi Covid 19 membawa dampak pada bidang pendidikan. kegiatan pendidikan dilakukan dengan jarak jauh sesuai surat edaran menteri pendidikan No 4Tahun 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan kebijakan Pendidikan dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease (covid 19), tertanggal 24 Maret 2020. Hal ini menyebabkan pelaksanaan pengabdian tidak dapat bertatap muka dengan para santri. Tim pengabdi memberikan tempat cuci tangan portable yang dilengkapi dengan langkah-langkah cuci tangan dengan baik dan benar. Pihak pesantren memberikan tanggapan positif, cuci tangan dengan baik dan benar merupakan hal yang vital dan harus dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan badan apalagi di masa pandemi covid 19. Tempat cuci tangan portable dengan dua sisi dan dilengkapi langkah-langkah mencuci tangan sangat membantu pihak pesantren dalam mentertibkan para santri untuk melakukan protokol kesehatan. Kedepannya setelah masa pandemi membaik dapat dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian kembali yang mendukung para santri dapat belajar lebih baik lagi.

Pendahuluan: Disfungsi ovarium merupakan keadaan ovarium yang mengalami kegagalan dalam sekresi hormon seks steroid. Penurunan sekresi hormon terutama estrogen dapat memicu peningkatan sitokin proinflamasi seperti IL-1, IL-6 dan TNF-α yang berperan dalam resorpsi tulang dan reaksi inflamasi periodontal. Salah satu drug of choice dari periodontitis adalah metronidazole. Penggunaan metronidazole secara sistemik dapat mengakibatkan efek samping, sehingga diperlukan bahan alternatif yang memiliki efek terapi antiinflamasi. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki efek antiinflamasi adalah daun Singkong. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis potensi ekstrak daun Singkong sebagai antiinflamasi terhadap profil leukosit darah tepi model tikus disfungsi ovarium dan periodontitis. Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dengan post-test only control group design. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 18 ekor tikus betina yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok besar yakni kelompok disfungsi ovarium dan kelompok kecil periodontitis. Pembuatan model tikus disfungsi ovarium dan tikus periodontitis dilakukan selama 28 hari. Setelah masing-masing kelompok dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yang diberikan perlakuan aquades, metronidazole dan ekstrak daun Singkong selama 7 hari. Setiap tikus diambil darahnya melalui plexus infraorbitalis pada hari ke-1, hari ke-3 dan hari ke-7. Darah yang diambil selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan jumlah sel leukosit darah tepi menggunakan kamar hitung dan perhitungan jenis dengan cara visual. Hasil: Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna jumlah leukosit darah tepi antar hari pada kelompok tikus yang mengalami disfungsi ovarium (p≤0,05). Simpulan: Ekstrak daun Singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) dapat menurunkan profil leukosit perifer model tikus disfungsi ovarium dan periodontitis. Kata kunci: Disfungsi ovarium, periodontitis, profil leukosit perifer, ekstrak daun singkong. ABSTRACT Introduction: Ovarian dysfunction is when the ovaries fail in the secretion of steroid sex hormones. Decreased secretion of hormones, especially estrogen, can trigger an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, which play a role in bone resorption and periodontal inflammatory reactions. One drug of choice for periodontitis is metronidazole. Systemic use of metronidazole can cause side effects, so an alternative material with a therapeutic anti-inflammatory effect is needed. One of the plants that have an anti-inflammatory effect is cassava leaves. The research objective was to analyse the potential of cassava leaf extract as an anti-inflammatory against the peripheral blood leukocyte profile in a mouse model of ovarian dysfunction and periodontitis. Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study with a post-test only control group design. The research sample consisted of 18 female rats divided into two large groups: the ovarian dysfunction group and the small periodontitis group. The making of mouse models of ovarian dysfunction and periodontitis rats was carried out for 28 days. After each group was divided into three groups treated with distilled water, metronidazole and cassava leaf extract for seven days. Blood was drawn from each mouse through the infraorbital plexus on day 1, day three, and 7. The blood that was taken was then performed to calculate the number of peripheral blood leukocytes using the counting room and the calculation of the type by visual means. Results: The results of the LSD test showed that there was a significant difference in the number of peripheral blood leukocytes between days in the group of rats with ovarian dysfunction (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Cassava leaf extract (Manihot esculenta Crantz) can reduce the profile of peripheral leukocytes in a mouse model of ovarian dysfunction and periodontitis. Keywords: Ovarian dysfunction, periodontitis, peripheral leukocytes profile, cassava leaf extract.

Abstract Halal food is an essential thing to be considered by the Muslim community in Indonesia. Halal food must be free from pork, both as a primary ingredient and in the manufacturing process. Halal problems arise when there is a process of mixing meat or lard (adulteration) in halal animal meat for economic purposes. This study aims to identify the authenticity of beef circulating in several traditional markets in Yogyakarta using the Rapid Pork Detection Test and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) detection methods. There were 10 samples of beef from several traditional markets in Yogyakarta. The tests carried out were organoleptic tests, Rapid Tests, and ELISA tests. The Rapid Pork Detection Test used is a special Rapid Test for detection of Xema® brand pork produced by PT. Indo Techno Plus. Sampling was carried out from May to June, the markets visited for sampling were the Pingit, Kranggan, Demangan, Ngasem, Godean, Sleman, Gamping, Mangiran and Sentul markets. The organoleptic examination includes odor, color, consistency, and pH. The results of the physical quality test of the meat showed that the beef circulating in the ten markets had a distinctive beef smell, red and pale red, had a chewy consistency that did not break down easily, and had a pH of 5 to 6 except for one sample (P9) from Sentul Market. The results of the Rapid Pork Detection Test showed a negative (-) pork content for all the beef samples. Meanwhile, in the ELISA test, there were three samples with positive results containing pork. The quality of beef circulating in these markets is within the normal range of meat quality and is safe for consumption. Keywords: Pork adulteration; Rapid Pork Detection; ELISA; meat physical quality. Abstrak Makanan halal merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting untuk diperhatikan oleh masyarakat muslim di Indonesia. Makanan halal harus terbebas dari kandungan babi baik sebagai bahan dasar maupun dalam proses pembuatannya. Permasalahan kehalalan timbul ketika terdapat proses pencampuran daging atau lemak babi (adulterasi) pada daging hewan halal untuk tujuan ekonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keaslian daging sapi yang beredar di beberapa pasar tradisional di Yogyakarta menggunakan metode deteksi Rapid Pork Detection Test dan Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Sampel berjumlah sebanyak 10 sampel daging sapi dari beberapa pasar tradisional di Yogyakarta. Uji yang dilakuan adalah uji organoleptik, uji Rapid Test dan uji ELISA. Rapid Pork Detection Test yang digunakan adalah Rapid Test khusus deteksi daging babi merk Xema® produksi PT. Indo Tekhno Plus. Sampling dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Juni, pasar yang di kunjungi untuk pengambilan sampel adalah pasar Pingit, Kranggan, Demangan, Ngasem, Godean, Sleman, Gamping, Mangiran dan Sentul. Pemeriksaan organoleptik meliputi bau, warna, konsistensi dan pH. Hasil uji kualitas fisik daging menunjukkan bahwa daging sapi yang beredar di sepuluh pasar tersebut memiliki bau khas daging sapi, berwarna merah dan merah pucat, memiliki konsistensi kenyal tidak mudah terurai, dan memiliki pH 5 sampai dengan 6 kecuali satu sampel (P9) dari Pasar Sentul. Hasil uji Rapid Pork Detection Test menunjukkan hasil negatif (-) kandungan daging babi untuk semua sampel daging sapi tersebut. Sedangkan pada uji ELISA terdapat satu sampel dengan hasil positif mengandung babi. Kualitas daging sapi yang beredar di pasar-pasar tersebut masih dalam kisaran kualitas daging normal dan aman untuk dikonsumsi. Uji cemaran daging babi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ELISA karena memiliki tingkat sensitivitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pengujian rapid test Kata kunci: Campuran babi; Rapid Pork Detection; ELISA; Kualitas fisik daging.

The effects of pregnancy and lactation on hematochemical and mineral parameters were evaluated in Ettawa cross-bred goats in Disctrict Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Blood plasma samples were collected from 14 th pregnant goats (2 month n=4; 3 month n=6; 4 month n=4) and 16 lactation goats (1 month, n= 4; 2 month, n=5; 3 month, n=3 and 4 month, n=4). Blood serum samples were collected from 18 pregnanct goats (1 month, n=3; 2 month, n=2; 3 month, n=6; 4 month, n=4) and 16 lactation goats (1 month, n=4; 2 month, n=5; 3 month, n=3; 4 month, n=4). The does averaged 2.5-4 years old and their mean body weights were 30-40 kg. The current result showed that pregnant does recorded higher (p

Thyroxine hormone (T4) was one of the hormones related to metabolism rate. Animal transportation could be stressor interfering metabolism. Sargassum crasifoium was one of brown algae species that contained some important nutrients and also flavonoids. The study aimed at finding out the effect of the Sargassum on the decrase in thyroxine hormone and body weight loss. It used 9 Javanese Randu goats that were classified into 3 treatment groups. Group I served as control, Group II was treated with 450 mg/kg BW of Sargassum estract and Group III was treated with vitamin B1. All of the goats were transported for 12 hours using pickup truck at the speed of 60 km/hour. Blood samples were drawn before the transportation, during loading, 6 hours after the transportation and at the end of the transportation, while the body weight of the goats was weighed before and after the transportation. The results of the study showed that the T4 hormone decreased in the Group I and increased in the Group III during the transportation, while it was stable in the Group II. The biggest percentage of the body weight loss took place to the Group III (0.13%), while the smallest percentage took place to the Group II (0.063%). Statistical analysis showed that the Sargassum extract did not have any significant effect (p>0.05) on both the thyroxine hormone and the body weight loss during the transportation. Based on the results of the study it could be concluded that the Sargassum extract could stabilize the thyroxine hormone during the transportation so that it could prevent the body weight loss

The presence of pollutants in water makes the environment toxic to all living biota and affects reproduction in fish. One of such pollutants is endosulfan, which is an off-patent organochlorine insecticide, widely used in various agricultural activities. Endosulfan is extremely toxic to fish and all other aquatic organisms, showing a range of chronic effects, including genotoxicity, and reproductive issues. Therefore, the aim of the research was to find the effect of endosulfan on cGnRH, sGnRH, GtH-I and GtH-II gene expression inmale hard-lipped barb fish. These fish were kept in aquarium containing several levels of endosulfan (0 mg/L [control]; 0.88 mg/L [low level]; 1.76 mg/L [medium level]; and 2.64 mg/L [high] level) for 60 days. The effects of endosulfan on GnRH performance on the fishwere evaluated by the expressions of these genes; cGnRH-II, sGnRH, GtH-I, and GtH-II. In the 8th week, there was a decrease in the expression of all the four genes in fish with high dose of endosulfan compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These findings showedthat endosulfan inhibits the expression of cGnRH, sGnRH, GtH-I and GtH-II genes in male hard-lipped barb.

Gonadotropine Releasing Hormone (GnRH) is one of the recommended hormones to overcome ovulation problems and it can increase pregnancy rate so that it is used in government programs to increase cattle population in Indonesia, although the results are not yet optimal. The purpose of this study is to compare the composition of bovine GnRH receptor nucleotides with the GenBank reference so that the level of genetic diversity of bovine receptors in Indonesia is known. PCR product sequencing using Promoter F and Exon 1 R primers were further aligned with the reference sequences of Bos Taurus GnRHR mRNA GenBank using the MEGA X program. The results of the analysis found the presence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in the coding region of 1st cow position 38(A> T), 261(C > T), 342(C >T), 411(C >T) and 495(C > T) and 2nd cow positions 261(C >T). Changes in amino acids were also detected in 1st cow position 13 (H> L). The presence of SNP was found to indicate genomic variation between individuals at cattle receptors in Indonesia.

The notion of the matrix Jacobson graph was introduced in 2019. Let R be a commutative ring and J(R) be the Jacobson radical of ring R. The matrix Jacobson graph of ring R size m × n, denoted 𝔍(R)m × n, is defined as a graph where the vertex set is Rm × n ∖ J(R)m × n such that two distinct vertices A, B are adjacent if and only if 1 − det(AtB) is not a unit in ring R. Here we obtain some graph theoretical properties of 𝔍(R)m × n including its connectivity, planarity and perfectness.

Abstract The main obstacle of invasive hormone research of Etawah crossbreed goats (PE) were the sample collection due to the aggressiveness of PE goats. Improper ways of handling the goats would result in stress which leads to bias on the data. This research aims to determine the level of fecal progesterone of PE goats during pregnancy. This research use 5 pregnant and 5 non-pregnant PE goats. Diagnosis of pregnancy was conducted by observing the absence of estrus after breeding. Fecal collection was conducted in week 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 2 weeks after parturition but sample collection of non-pregnant goats conducted once. The sample of fecal which has been collected then frozen and extracted using methanol 80% as much as 3 ml. The fecal extract was analyzed using EIA KIT progesterone. The results of measurement of fecal progesterone level were 6,282 ± 950.96 ng/gr of feces (week 4 of pregnancy); 18,391.8 ± 2,584 ng/gr (week 8 of pregnancy); 25,958.4 ± 3,447.1 ng/gr of feces (week 12 of pregnancy); 25,233.4 is ± 3,306 ng/gr of feces (week 16 of pregnancy); 18,238.2 ± 3,069.5 ng/gr of feces (week 20 of pregnancy). The level of fecal progesterone in 2 weeks after giving birth was 516 ± 228.16 ng/gr of feces. Meanwhile, the level of fecal progesterone of non-pregnant PE goats is 254.2± 214.5 ng/gr of feces. The conclusion of the progesterone level of PE goats during pregnancy can be detected using the sample of feces with the highest level in week 12 of pregnancy. Keywords: Feces; Non-invasive; PE Goats; Progesterone Abstrak Kendala utama penelitian hormonal secara invasive pada kambing Peranakan Ettawah (PE) pengambilan sampel pada hewan tersebut karena karakteristik kambing PE yang sangat agresif. Handling yang tidak tepat dapat menjadi stresor yang akan menghasilkan data yang bias. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar hormon progesteron feses pada kambing PE selama kebuntingan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 ekor kambing PE bunting dan 5 kambing PE tidak bunting. Diagnosa kebuntingan dilakukan dengan pengamatan tidak munculnya estrus setelah pengawinan. Pengambilan feses dilakukan pada minggu ke 4, 8, 12, 16 dan ke 20 dan 2 minggu setelah partus. Pada kambing tidak bunting, pengambilan sampel dilakukan 1 kali. Sampel feses yang telah terkumpul, dikeringbeku dan kemudian diekstraksi menggunakan methanol 80% sebanyak 3 ml untuk selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan KIT Progesteron (Calbiotech R - USA). Hasil uji pararelism menunjukkan adanya penurunan OD secara paralel seiring dengan besarnya pengenceran sampel. Kadar progesteron feses didapatkan, 6.282 ± 950.96 ng/gr feses (minggu ke 4 kebuntingan); 18.391,8 ± 2584 ng/gr fese (minggu ke 8 kebuntingan); 25.958, 4 ± 3.447,1 ng/gr feses (minggu ke 12 kebuntingan); 25.233,4 ± 3.306 ng/gr feses (minggu ke 16 kebuntingan); 18.238,2 ± 3.069,5 ng/gr feses (minggu ke 20 kebuntingan). Kadar progesteron feses 2 minggu setelah melahirkan adalah 516 ± 228,16 ng/gr feses sedangkan progesteron kambing PE tidak bunting adalah 254,2 ± 214,5 ng/gr feses. Kesimpulan kadar progesteron kambing PE selama kebuntingan dapat dideteksi menggunakan sampel feses dengan kadar tertinggi pada minggu ke 12 kebuntingan. Kata Kunci: Feses; Kambing PE, Non-invasif, Progesteron

Anadara clam shell contains high Zinc. This microelement is recognised as acting natural aromatase blocker (NAB) that capable of boosting testosterone level. The aim of this study was to evaluates the testosterone level of Canaries following Anadara nodifera administration. Adult male Canaries (n = 27) were group into 3 with 9 repetition of each i.e T0 [control, was given by Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium (Na-CMC)], T1 (Zinc Sulphate 0.013 mg/30 g BW), and T2 (NAB 0.3 mg/30 g BW). The T2 treatment was NAB or shell powder of Anadara nodifera which was diluted 1:1 in Na-CMC. The birds were treated orally for 21 days. The complete blood cell count was performed in a haemo analyser except the erythrocyte was calculated manually in the Improved Neubauer counting chamber. Testosterone level was measured in ELISA. Subsequently gen CYP19 aromatase in syrinx, brain and testis were identified employing IHC and descriptively analysed. The result indicated significant elevated level of testosterone (p0.05). To conclude, Anadara nodifera at 0.3 mg/30 g BW was capable of acting as NAB to promote testosterone level. This was confirmed by the reduction of CYP19 aromatase gene receptors in syrinx, brain and testis. However NAB treatment was not significantly affecting routine blood profile.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of shell supplementation on the regulation of male reproduction in rats. Materials and Methods: The zinc (Zn) level of shell from blood clam (Anadara granosa), green mussel (Perna viridis), and conch shell (Telescopium telescopium) was analyzed. The highest Zn content shell was fed to male Sprague Dawley rats for 0, 9, 30, and 50 days at the dose of either 0.09 mg/200 g BW or 0.18 mg/200 g BW. To determine the testosterone levels, blood was collected through the infraorbitalis sinus just before the rat was sacrificed. Testicular and brain were also collected for Cyp19 aromatase receptor analysis. Results: The Zn level in the shell of blood clam, green mussel, and conch shell 61.55 mg/kg, 2.78 mg/kg, and 3.93 mg/kg, respectively. The testosterone level of T1 group receiving 0.18 mg/200 g BW for 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 1.42±0.59, 2.15±1.58, 2.98±2.53, and 8.11±2.03 ng/mL, respectively. The testosterone level of T2 group receiving 0.09 mg/200 g BW for 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 2.50±0.32, 1.25±0.60, 3.87±3.27, and 3.54±0.23 ng/mL, respectively. The T3 group receiving Na-CMC showed the level of testosterone at days 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 0.77±0.22, 1.99±1.65, 4.12±0.07, and 2.19±1.30 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, the T4 group receiving Zn showed testosterone levels at days 0, 9, 30, and 50 days was 0.51±0.58, 2.24±3.16, 4.58±1.97, and 2.89±0.20 ng/mL, respectively. There was a significant difference (p

Abstract Day Old Chicken is a living commodity that is widely distributed between islands throughout Indonesia. Transport trip within two to 24 hours, depending on the distance of the enclosure to be addressed. During the Day-Old Chicken journey, a variety of stresses result in stress and also end in death. Strain Day-Old Chicken has different endurance. Physiological stress parameters in poultry by calculating the ratio of Heterophil: Lymphocytes (H: L). This study aims to determine the difference in stress between Day-Old Chicken strain Cobb and Java Super passed through. Research carried out using Day-Old Chicken strain Cobb as many as 100 chicken/box and Java Super 100 chicken /box. The transportation process from Yogyakarta airport (loading) to Makassar airport (landing). Furthermore, Day-Old Chicken was taken four animals randomly before and after it was passed for blood smear preparations. Blood smear preparations with Giemza staining to calculate the H: L ratio. Analysis of H: L ratio data as a comparison of body resistance to stress between Day-Old Chicken strain Cobb and Java Super using Two Way Anova with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that there was no interaction (P> 0.05) between location (loading-landing) and Day-Old Chicken strain different from H: L ratio. The difference in the Day-Old Chicken strain affects the H: L ratio (P 0,05) antara lokasi (loading-landing) dan galur Day Old Chicken berbeda terhadap rasio H:L. Perbedaan galur Day Old Chicken mempengaruhi rasio H:L (P < 0,05) dengan nilai rata-rata rasio H:L Day Old Chicken galur Super Jawa lebih tinggi dibandingkan galur Cobb. Kesimpulan bahwa perbedaan galur Day Old Chicken yang mengalami transportasi menggunakan pesawat terbang mempengaruhi ketahanan tubuh terhadap stres. Kata Kunci: Day Old Chicken; Heterofil; Limfosit; Stres; Transportasi.

Abstract The potential of seaweed as a functional food ingredient has not been explored. Several studies, the compotition of seaweed can prevent stress in animals such as sedative mechanisms. The sedative effect was decreased of blood pressure. Pregnancy can be a stressor in animals and cause anemia physiologically. This study aims to determine the effect of seaweed extract on the profile hemoglobin and erythrocytes of pregnant mice. In this study used 10 pregnant rats divided into 2 groups, group 1 (control) and group II (treatment with 450 mg/BW extract Sargassum sp). Calculation of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and thrombocyte measurements were carried out in day 0, 7, and 14. The results showed that there was an increased thrombocyte count in the treatment group even though in both groups there was a decreased the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. The results of statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p

The study aimed at evaluating the hematological and chemical parameters of the blood of female fat tail sheep raised with fermented complete feed (CF) management. It used 40 adult female fat tail sheep age 24-36 months and body weight in 30-35 kg and 3-4 of body condition score, which was raised in the individual stall with fermented complete feed (CF) management. Samples of blood were drawn once from the jugular vein before feeding in the morning. The results of hematological parameters were RBC (12.11±2.18 x106/µL), hemoglobin (12.40±1.96 g/dL), hematocrit (36.49±5.47%), MCV (30.46±3.38 fL), MCH (10.30±0.75 pg), MCHC (34.00±1.86 g/dL), eosinophils (3.15±7.70%), neutrophils (7.13±14.90%), lymphocytes (11.93±23.85%), and monocytes (0.30±0.88%). The results of chemical parameters were sodium (147.58±3.75 mmol/L), chloride (106.51±3.12 mmol/L), magnesium (3.66±1.38 mg/dL), albumin (3.36±0.31 g/dL) and glucose (40.28±9.12 mg/dL). The results of hematological and chemical parameters in the study could be the reference in monitoring the health of the adult female fat tail sheep raised with the fermented complete feed (CF) management.

This paper introduces continuous-like linear operators on bilinear spaces as a generalization of continuous linear operators on Hilbert spaces. It is well known that the existence of the adjoint of a linear operator on a Hilbert space is equivalent to the operator being continuous. In this paper, this result is extended to the class of linear operators on bilinear spaces. It is shown that the existence of the adjoint of a linear operator on a bilinear space is guaranteed if and only if the operator is continuous-like.

This research aimed to investigate the influence of gradually feeding rejected laying hens after molting on the performance of production. This research used 6,000 rejected laying hens of 80 weeks old in Subur Farm. Molting method was a modification method by reducing the feed gradually. At the beginning of this research, the feed was given 120 g/laying hens/day and it would be reduced by 10 g/laying hens/day until it reach 50 g/laying hens/day. In the next phase, all chickens fasted for seven days then the chicken was given 10 g/laying hens on the first day. The feed was increased 10 g/laying hens every two days up to 120 g/laying hens/day. Data Collection of Feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality rate, amount of feed, and egg production were taken at the start of re-feeding. The results showed that during the period of molting until refeeding, mortality was 3.6%, an increase in egg production was seen since week 1, peak of production was 78% at week 9 with FCR 2.3. The results of statistical analysis showed significant differences (P

Latar Belakang: Streptococcus viridans adalah salah satu bakteri patogen yang sering diisolasi dari saluran akar. Streptococcus viridans dapat menyebabkan endokarditis bakterial subakut pada manusia. Dokter gigi harus hati-hati dalam melakukan perawatan saluran akar. Irigasi merupakan salah satu tahapan dalam perawatan sluran akar. Bahan yang biasanya digunakan adalah sodium hipoklorit. Sodium hipoklorit dapat mengiritasi jaringan. Bahan alternatif diperlukan seperti daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.). Daun kersen memiliki kandungan aktif flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin yang berperan sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian: Untuk mengetahui daya antibakteri ekstrak daun kersen terhadap Streptococcus viridans dan besar konsentrasi ekstrak daun kersen yang memiliki daya hambat terbesar terhadap Streptococcus viridans. Metode: Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 kelompok, yaitu K+ (sodium hipoklorit), P1 (ekstrak daun kersen 12,5%), P2 (ekstrak daun kersen 25%), P3 (ekstrak daun kersen 50%), P4 (ekstrak daun kersen 75%). Media BHI-A ditanami suspensi Streptococcus viridans. Selanjutnya kertas cakram yang sudah diberi larutan sesuai kelompoknya diletakkan di atas media BHI-A tersebut. Media diinkubasi selama 24 jam, lalu diameter zona hambat diukur. Hasil dan Simpulan: Zona hambat terbesar yaitu pada kelompok P4 (ekstrak daun kersen 75%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ekstrak daun kersen memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus viridans. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun kersen yang memiliki daya hambat terbesar terhadap Streptococcus viridans adalah sebesar 75%.

The objective of this research was to evaluate metabolism of inorganic phosphat (Pi) and calcium (Ca) in kacang goats subjected to 60-d feed restriction and 60-d full feeding (refeeding). Nine adult male goats were divided into three groups used in this study. Restrictions include 40% (group I), 50% (group II), and 60% (group III) of the ration of dry fodder. To obtain the baseline all animals from all groups were fullfeeding from the start of the study (day 0) to day 60 then followed by restriction stage on day 61 to day 120. The next stage is refeeding from day 121 to 180. Pi and Ca levels were analyzed on days 60, 120, and 180, respectively. The results showed that restriction followed by refeeding decreased Ca levels in all three groups and Pi of animals in groups II and III was below the baseline. The level of Pi reach above the baseline were seen only in animals in group I following restriction and refeeding, although there was a tendency to decrease after refeeding. Based on the results of the study it is concluded that the restriction followed by refeeding decreases the level of Pi and Ca in adult male kacang goats. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji metabolisme fosfat inorganik (Pi) dan kalsium (Ca) selama 60 hari restriksi (pembatasan) pakan yang diikuti dengan 60 hari pemberian pakan kembali secara fullfeeding (refeeding) pada kambing kacang jantan dewasa. Sembilan ekor kambing kacang jantan dewasa terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Restriksi meliputi 40% (kelompok I), 50% (kelompok II), dan 60% (kelompok III) dari 3,5% bahan kering dari bobot badan. Tahap awal sebagai baseline dimulai dengan pemberian pakan fullfeeding pada hari ke-0 sampai hari ke-60 dilanjutkan dengan tahap restriksi dimulai pada hari ke-61 sampai hari ke-120. Tahap berikutnya adalah refeeding mulai hari ke-121 sampai dengan hari ke-180. Level Pi dan Ca dianalisis pada hari ke-60, 120, dan 180. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa restriksi yang diikuti refeeding menurunkan level Ca pada ketiga kelompok dan Pi kelompok II dan III di bawah baseline. Level Pi berada di atas baseline hanya pada kelompok I setelah restriksi dan refeeding, meskipun cenderung menurun setelah refeeding Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa restriksi yang diikuti dengan refeeding menurunkan level Pi dan Ca pada kambing kacang jantan dewasa.

In this study a generalization of the Riesz representation theorem on non-degenerate bilinear spaces, particularly on spaces of truncated Laurent series, was developed. It was shown that any linear functional on a non-degenerate bilinear space is representable by a unique element of the space if and only if its kernel is closed. Moreover an explicit equivalent condition can be identified for the closedness property of the kernel when the bilinear space is a space of truncated Laurent series.

High fat diet can result in the loss of nitrergic neurons in the myenteric plexus. The study aimed at finding out the effect of high fat diet on the adaptation of nitrergic nerve of rat intestine. It used 15 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) of a month of age with mean body weight of 53.73 gr. The rats were adapted for 7 days to individual cages with ad libitum feeding. After random adaptation, all of the rats were assigned to 3 groups of five rats, namely K-7, K-10, and K-13 groups. Feed and drinking water were given ad libitum. The treatment of the high fat diet lasted for 7 weeks. After the treatment, all of the rats were fasted for 12 hours and then killed. Subsequently, small intestine segments (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) were taken. The intestinal segments were prepared by using NADPH-d histopathological technique to determine the morphometric changes of nitrergic myenteric neurons. During the treatment the rats were weighed every week and at the end of the study orbitalis vein blood measurement was carried out to see its glucose, cholesterol and cholecystokinin (CCK) plasma levels. The data of body weight, glucose, cholesterol, CCK levels, the total number of the nippergenic myenteric segments of the small intestine were statistically analyzed using Anova. The results of the study showed that the treatment of 7% to 13% fat diets for 7 weeks did not indicate any weight gain and any increase in cholescystokinin level, and any decrease in glucose level. However, it indicated significant increase in cholesterol level. The treatment of 10% and13% fat diets increased the total number of neurons in the jejunum and the ileum. Thus, it was concluded that the treatments of the high-fat diet of the rats (K-7, K-10, and K-13) for 7 weeks had significant effect on the adaptation of the neurons of the jejunum and the ileum.

The timing of artificial insemination relies largely on behavioral observation of estrus. The problemfaced is that not all cattle shows signs of estrus significantly, which affect the accuracy of insemination,and therefore,the success rate of Artificial Insemination is less than 50%. Recently, the determination ofestradiol levels as an indicator of estrus is done by observation of physical signs and doing ELISA test,which is expensive and provide longer time. In order to solve these problems, a tool estrus detector is madenamely Electronic Nose (EN). Determination of estrus with EN is cheaper because it does not need to usecomplexmaterials, just only use the samples. Mechanism of action of EN is using a sensor that is vaporized,while animals estrus will emit pheromones that are vaporized. Theaim of this study was to determinewhether the stage of estrus can be detected by using EN. Urine of female Ongole Crossbred which maintainedin Kuwang, district of Cangkringan, Yogyakarta, with BCS of 3 was used in this research. The sample wascollected shortly before injection of dinoprost as estrus synchronization then it repeated when cattle got estrus phase. The urinary sample of the estrus cattle was sensitive to methane, propane, butane, whereasin non-estrus cattle, besides the three of these component (methane, propane, butane), sensor was alsocaptured hydrogen sulfide. Furthermore, our electronic nose had been able to distinguish estrus phase andnon-estrus based on domain area.Thus, the Electronic Nose is very prospect used as a detector of estrus incattle. Hydrogen disulfide could possibly be used as an indicator comparison between cow estrus and nonestrus.

Tulisan ini memperbaiki syarat cukup yang diusulkan oleh Astuti dkk sehingga implementasi diskret suatu pengendali kontinu tetap mengendalikan suatu sistem tak linier konvergen ke suatu bola. Seperti juga dalam Astuti dkk, syarat cukup tersebut dapat digunakan untuk menentukan batas atas periode cuplik yang akan menghasilkan sistem kendali data tercuplik yang bersifat konvergen. Lebih dari itu, batas atas yang dihasilkan dapat lebih baik dibandingkan dengan batas atas yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan syarat cukup di Astuti dkk. Contoh sederhana diberikan untuk mempertunjukkan hasil tersebut. Extention of Upper Bound Sampling Times for Discrete Implementation of a Continuous Controller This note improves the sufficient conditions proposed by Astuti et. al. which guarantee the discrete implementation of a continuous controller remains resulting in the convergence of a nonlinear system. As in Astuti et. al. the proposed sufficient conditions can be used to determine an upper bound of sampling times resulting in the convergence of the closed loop sampled data control system. Further, the obtained upper bound of sampling time can be better than the upper bound obtained using the conditions in Astuti et. al. A simple example is given to demonstrate the result.

The aim of this study is to determine the performance of a lab-made electronic nose (e-nose) composed of an array of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors in the detection and differentiation of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) incubated in trypticsoy broth (TSB) media. Conventionally, the detection of L. monocytogenes and B. cereus is often performed by enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These techniques require trained operators and expert, expensive reagents and specific containment. In this study, three types of samples, namely, TSB media, L. monocytogenes (serotype 4b American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 13792), and B. cereus (ATCC) 10876, were used for this experiment. Prior to measurement using the e-nose, each bacterium was inoculated in TSB at 1 × 103−104 CFU/mL, followed by incubation for 48 h. To evaluate the performance of the e-nose, the measured data were then analyzed with chemometric models, namely linear and quadratic discriminant analysis (LDA and QDA), and support vector machine (SVM). As a result, the e-nose coupled with SVM showeda high accuracy of 98% in discriminating between TSB media and L. monocytogenes, and between TSB media and B. cereus. It could be concluded that the lab-made e-nose is able to detect rapidly the presence of bacteria L. monocytogenes and B. cereus on TSB media. For the future, it could be used to identify the presence of L. monocytogenes or B. cereus contamination in the routine and fast assessment of food products in animal quarantine.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik, kelayakan, kepraktisan, tanggapan positif, dan keefektifan media pada materi buffer dan hidrolisis. Model pengembangan yang digunakan 4-D (four D) terdiri atas define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi, tes, dan angket. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah hasil validasi pakar, tanggapan siswa, hasil pretest dan posttest siswa pada uji skala kecil, skala besar, dan implementasi. Peta konsep yang dikembangkan memiliki karakteristik terintegrasi multi representasi. Hasil validasi kelayakan tampilan dan isi berturut-turut mendapat rerata skor 26/30 kategori sangat layak dan 29/35 kategori layak. Ketuntasan klasikal siswa dari skala kecil, skala besar, dan implementasi berturut-turut siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 16/33 atau 48,48%; 55/67 atau 82,09%; 50/66 atau 75,76%. Media ajar yang dikembangkan dapat memberikan tanggapan positif dengan rerata skor yang didapatkan dari skala kecil, skala besar, dan implementasi berturut-turut 41,52; 41,49; 42,65 dengan kriteria baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, media ajar terintegrasi peta konsep multi representasi yang dikembangkan terbukti layak, praktis, mendapatkan tanggapan positif, dan efektif untuk digunakan pada materi buffer dan hidrolisis.

Neurotransmitter found in the enteric nervous system that plays an important role in a variety ofenteropathies, including inflammatory bowel disease. Alteration of nitrergic neurons has been reported to bedependent on the manner by which inflammation is caused. This study was performed to determine theprofile of neural nitrergic with Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d)staining in the cecum of broiler infected by Eimeria tenella (E. tenella). Thirty six health free of coccidiosisbroiler one-day old chickens (DOC) used in this study. All of broiler adapted for 7 days with food and drinkgiven ad libitum then divided into three groups, each group consisted of 12 broilers. The 1st group wascontrol only given orally 1.0 ml of distilled water/ heads , while 2nd group was infected with a single dose of5x103 oocysts/ head orally, and 3rd group was infected with a single dose of 2x104 oocysts/ head orally. Onday 7 post infection, all of chickens were fasted for 12 hours then were euthanized and cecum was taken.Lesion score of cecum was assessed. Furthermore, tissue of the coecum was prepared for hisochemicalusing NADPH-d staining to determine morphology, and morhometric of nitrergic neurons. The resultshown that cecum lesion score of group I is 0, group II is +2, group III is +3. Neuron density in the cecum ofgroup I is 2794.96+4.65 neuron/cm2, group II is 4930.36+63.73 neuron/cm2 and group III is 7892.31+44.97 neuron/cm2. Neuron density of group II and III increased signifcantly (p

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) contains phytoestrogens that have a chemical structure resembling estrogen in the body. They function like estrogen and antiestrogen, affecting the metabolism of sex steroid hormones. This research aimed to determine the effect of the methanol extract of soybean on the histological structure and distribution of immunohistochemical Cyp19 aromatase in rat testis . Twenty males of Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 5. The frst group was the control and the second to fourth groups were given soybean extract (250 mg/kg of body weight, 500 mg/kg of body weight) and genistein (0.3 mg/kg of body weight), respectively, for 52 days. The results of this study indicate that the effect of methanol extract from soybean caused weight gain, and the weight of the testis and epididymis decreased. In addition, the histological results showed that seminiferous tubules were reduced in size, became irregular, were separated by a wide interstitium, and spermatogenic cells were decreased. The immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of Cyp19 aromatase in the rats decreased both in spermatocyte cells and Leydig cells. It could be concluded that the methanol extract of soybean induced testicular damage and reduced Cyp19 aromatase expression in rat testis.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar hormon testosteron, libido, dan kualitas sperma kambing Bligon, Kejobong, dan Peranakan Etawah (PE). Sampel terdiri dari 3 ekor kambing Bligon, 3 ekor kambing Kejobong, dan 3 ekor kambing PE jantan. Kadar testosteron diukur menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tingkat libido diketahui dengan pengamatan waktu pertama mencumbu betina, menaiki betina, sampai ejakulasi. Penampungan sperma menggunakan metode vagina buatan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian ditentukan nilai korelasi antara kadar testosteron dengan libido dan kualitas sperma. Hasil menunjukkan testosteron pagi kambing Bligon berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,79 dan Y= 20,91-6,52X), menaiki betina (R= -0,80 dan Y= 20,28-7,16X), ejakulasi (R= -0,81 dan Y= 14,03-7,56X), volume sperma (R= 0,65 dan Y= -0,78+0,03X), dan motilitas spermatozoa (R= 0,70 dan Y= -73,83+1,43X) (P

Pelanggaran hukum sering dilakukan oleh guru dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Tidak hanya pelanggarandalam proses pembelajaran, tetapi sering kekerasan terhadap siswa, terutama di sekolah dasar. Hal inisangat mengkhawatirkan perkembangan psikologis siswa. Pada kenyataannya mereka adalah harapanbangsa. Untuk menghilangkan tindakan tersebut diperlukan untuk upaya represif dan preventif. Upayayang dilakukan oleh sanksi administratif represif sanksi pidana jika pelanggaran hukum telah terjadi.Upaya pencegahan yang dilakukan untuk menerapkan Etika Profesi. Etika Profesiberfungsi sebagaikontrol kualitas dan perilaku guru dalam melaksanakan tugasnya untuk menjamin kepuasan pelangganatas jasa-jasanya. Kata kunci: etika profesi, upaya pencegahan.

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Sampah merupakan produk samping dari aktivitas kehidupan masyarakat. Sampah ini akan menjadi bencana bagi kehidupan manusia dan lingkungan apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Dinas Kebersihan Propinsi DKI Jakarta saat ini menghadapi permasalahan yang timbul akibat dampak pengelolaan sampah menggunakan teknologi Sanitary Landfill yang dirasa gagal di TPA Bantargebang yang berakibat pada pencemaran lingkungan dan bencana yang memakan korban. Dengan akan habisnya masa kontrak pembuangan sampah di TPA Bantargebang Bekasi, Dinas Kebersihan Propinsi DKI Jakarta perlu mengambil langkah dan upaya untuk menangani masalah yang dihadapi. Beberapa alternatif solusi akan dipertimbangkan yaitu lokasi baru, penerapan teknologi baru dan perbaikan/ penataan lokasi yang sudah ada. Dalam memilih alternatif ini, banyak kriteria yang harus dipertimbangkan dari aspek manfaat, peluang, biaya dan resiko yang terjadi. Oleh karena itu dalam pemilihan alternatifpengelolaan sampah ini digunakan alat analisis Analityc Network Process (ANP) dan Benefit Opportunities Cost Risk (BOCR). Tujuannya adalah untuk mendapatkan peringkat prioritas dari alternatif sebagai acuan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Tahap awal yaitu melakukan wawancara dengan pihak pengambil keputusan atau seorang ahli mengenai Solid Waste. Adapun alternatif akan dipilih berdasarkan masalah utama yang timbul sebagai acuan untuk kriteria, subkriteria serta keterkaitannya. Untuk mendapatkan bobot dari setiap elemen ANP digunakan kuisioner perbandingan berpasangan yang diambil dari preferensi para pakar dan kemudian diolah dengan Software Super Decision. Analisis BOCR menyajikan 3 kondisi dalam memilih prioritas alternatif yaitu Standard (BIC), Pessimistic BI(CxR), Realistic (BxO)1(CxR). Apabila pengambil keputusan berfokus pada Realistic prioritas pertama adalah AlternatifLokasi Baru (1.5882). Kata kunci : pengelolaan sampah, Analitic network process, benefit, Opportunity, Cost, Risk Garbage, side product from activity life of society, will become disaster for human life and environment if do not be managed appropriately. In this time Dinas Kebersihan DKI Jakarta faces problems arising out from failure of Sanitary Landfill Technology in TPA Bantargebang. This failure caused environment pollution and disaster eating victim. Because the contract period of garbage disposal in TPA Bantargebang Bekasi will terminate, Dinas Kebersihan DKI Jakarta must take action and effort to handle problem faced. Some solution alternatives that will be considered are setting new location, new adjusment of technology and repairing settlement of existing location. In choosing this alternative, many criteria that must be considered are benefit, opportunity, expense and risk that can be happened. Analityc Network Process (ANP) and Benefit Opportunities Cost Risk (BOCR) are used to select the related alternatives which aim to get the priority rangking of alternative as reference in decision making.Early stage is interviewing with expert of Solid Waste. The alternatives will be chosen based on the arising main problem as reference for the criterions, sub-criterions and the link between them. Weight for each ANP elements is resulted from pairwise comparison questionnaire processed with Super Software Decision. BOCR Analysis presents 3 condition in choosing alternative priority that are Standard ( B / C), Pessimistic B/(CxR), Realistic (BxO) / (CxR). If decision makers focus on Realistic then the first priority is new location (4.4625) Keyword : Garbage Management, Analitic Network Process, Benefit, Opportunity, Cost,Risk

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of chorionic gonadotrophin addition into maturation medium on oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development in vitro of Ettawa crossbred. Oocytes were divided into 3 groups, group I: maturation medium without addition of chorionic gonadotrophin (0), group II: 10 μl/10 ml chorionic gonadotrophin was added into maturation medium (1), group III: 20 μl/10 ml chorionic gonadotrophin was added into maturation medium (2). Oocytes were transferred into 50 μl maturation medium, then covered by mineral oil. Oocyte was incubated at 39oC, 5% CO2, 95% humidity for 24 hours for maturation. Matured oocytes were inseminated with frozen semen–thawed concentration 12.5 x 106/ml. Process of fertilization were carried out on incubator 39oC, 5% CO2, 95% humidity for 5 hours. The fertilized oocytes were transferred into 50 μl drop G–1, then incubated at 39oC, 5% CO2, 95% humidity. Embryo development was monitored every 24 hours. Culture medium was changed every 48 hours. G–2 medium used second day after culture. The variables measured involved oocyte maturation, fertilization, and in vitro cleavage rate. The data were analyzed by chi–square, using SPSS 15.0 program. The result showed no significant difference on the percentage of mature oocytes and fertilization rate were 78.0%, 72.8%, 75.0% and 76.6%, 74.5%, 77.8% respectively. But cleavage rate showed significant difference (P≤0.05) with the values of 40.8%, 11.4%, and 12.2% respectively. Based on the result it could be concluded that chorionic gonadotrophin addition into maturation medium had not increased ettawa crossbred oocytes maturation, fertilization, and in vitro cleavage rate. The best maturation, fertilization, and in vitro cleavage rate were found using maturation medium without any addition of chorionic gonadotrophin. (Key words: Does oocyte, Chorionic gonadotrophin, In vitro maturation, In vitro fertilization, In vitro embryo development)

Estrone conjugate (E1C) and pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) were predominant steroid metabolites of estrogen and progesterone in feces of most primates and could be used to evaluate ovarian function. These metabolites were determined along with records of genital swelling throughout 3-4 months period from three female Javan Gibbons (Hylobates moloch) maintained in pairing-typed cage at Schmutzer Primate Center, Jakarta (Ullah) and at Taman Margasatwa Taman Sari, Bandung (Donna and Citah). Following methanolic extraction of lyophilized fecal powder, samples were analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for E1C and PdG. In all of the three females observed, both hormone profiles did not indicate any regular cycle of ovarian function even though genital swellings were sometimes observed. In one female (Donna) the hormone patterns showed clear signs of cycle irregularities with extended luteal phase of 40 days and erratic pattern of follicular phase. Of the other two females, no ovarian cycle was found. The data indicate that the fecal steroids analysis is a practical and valuable diagnostic tool for providing reliable information on ovarian function in Javan Gibbon. Factors affected reproductive hormonal profile should be taken in consideration in trying to achieve success in captive breeding program for this species.

The availability of specific and rapid detection methods is essential for monitoring the health status of farmed species, particularly in viral disease as in this case early diagnosis is a critical factor in containing disease outbreaks. Jembrana Disease Virus (JDV) is a lentivirus that causes an acute, severe disease syndrome in infected Bali cattle in Indonesia, resulting in heavy economic losses because of the high mortalities. The virus-host interaction and the modes of transmission are still unknown. The goal of the research was to designa probe candidate of Jembrana Disease Virus based on envelope-transmembrane (env-tm) gene to optimize Jembrana disease detection method. The DNA fragment derived from env-tm of JDV was used, cloned in pGEX-TM and expressed in E.coli DH 5α. Sequence analysis was conducted with BLAST programs from NCBI. Sequence analyses of the fragments of env-tm clone, indicated that it has a very closed genetic relation with 97,68% homology identity. Probe was designed based on the conserved region of env-tm using Geneious resulted in JT2 252 bp long. BLAST analyses showed that probes had high specifity to other strains of JDV in Indonesia.Key words : probe, env-tm, JDV, specifity, sensitivity.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gugus fungsi penanda yang merepresentasikaan hormon metabolit E1C dan PdG serta bilangan gelombangnya pada urine yang didukung dengan pengamatan genitalia untuk memastikan pendeteksian masa subur pada lutung jawa (Trachypithecus auratus). Sampel urine dan pengamatan genitalia diperoleh dari 2 (dua) ekor lutung jawa betina di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Kebun Binatang Ragunan, Jakarta. Sampel urin diambil setiap hari dan dilengkapi dengan pengamatan genitalia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa gugus fungsi penanda yang merepresentasikan E1C dan PdG pada lutung jawa sama dengan yang teridentifikasi pada tikus namun dengan bilangan gelombang berbeda. Hormon metabolit E1C direpresentasikan melalui gugus fungsi alkil, aromatik, dan hidroksil pada bilangan gelombang 596 cm-1, 698 cm-1, 3599 cm-1, dan PdG direpresentasikan melalui gugus fungsi alkil dan aldehid pada bilangan gelombang 1450 dan 1699 cm-1. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa gugus fungsi penanda yang teridentifikasi oleh fourier transform infrared (FTIR) dapat berlaku secara universal, namun bilangan gelombang yang merepresentasikannya bersifat spesifik spesies.

The aims of this research were to determine diurnal patterns of testosterone and cortisol metabolites to predict the testis functional status. In this study, fecal testosterone and cortisol were quantified in 77 samples from three male Hylobates moloch during a course of three months period. These data showed that the highest concentration of fecal testosterone occured at 18.00-06.00 (23.61 ng/g dried feces), then declined gradually. The lowest concentration was in the evening (5.54 ng/g dried feces). Our tests showed that there was a decrease in the mean testosterone concentration from 06.00-10.00 to 10.00-14.00 to 14.00-18.00. For cortisol, the highest concentration occured at 06.00-10.00 (597.84 ng/g dried feces), then decline gradually in the evening (225.73 ng/g dried feces).

The aims of this research were to determine diurnal patterns of testosterone and cortisol metabolites to predict the testis functional status. In this study, fecal testosterone and cortisol were quantified in 77 samples from three male Hylobates moloch during a course of three months period. These data showed that the highest concentration of fecal testosterone occured at 18.00-06.00 (23.61 ng/g dried feces), then declined gradually. The lowest concentration was in the evening (5.54 ng/g dried feces). Our tests showed that there was a decrease in the mean testosterone concentration from 06.00-10.00 to 10.00-14.00 to 14.00-18.00. For cortisol, the highest concentration occured at 06.00-10.00 (597.84 ng/g dried feces), then decline gradually in the evening (225.73 ng/g dried feces).

Massive MIMO with multiple BS antennas can give simultaneous service for multiple user equipments (UEs) that are widely considered in massive connectivity to meet high data rate requirements. User selection is critical to optimize the overall performance of MIMO systems in various scenarios and has been extensively studied in cellular networks to guarantee service for users. In the previous study, location-dependent user selection (LUS) had extremely low computational complexity which is capable to enhance sum rate performance, but there are many environmental condition assumptions that make this algorithm does not reflect real conditions. In this research, we proposed modified LUS with approximations of sum rate in large system regimes by adding the sum ergodic of the distance from one user to another which enhance sum rate performance. In addition, we vary the user environment that was ignored in previous research by varying the path loss exponent values. In this research, we focus modify on sub-urban areas with each UEs having different environmental conditions. The selection scheme is equipped with spatial correlation fading on the transmitter side MIMO antenna. The simulation shows an increase in sum rate between 0.0012 to 0.3935 in perfect CSI. For the imperfect CSI with antenna correlation coefficient for power at 30 dBm is 0.5 when 32x64 antennas is 14 optimal active UEs with sum rate is 23.4207 bps/Hz. For cases where the user is located in different positions with different environmental circumstances, with 32x64 antennas showing the highest sum rate is 24.8436 bps/Hz with 17 optimal UEs.

It will be diffcult to use either omnidirectional or fixed beam antenna due to the high propagation losses caused by atmospheric absorption at mmWave for 5G mobile communication. Several studies have been conducted recently using butler matrix which is part of switchable antenna with some advantages such as simple, minimal cost, low loss, etc. Previous studies also have designed vivaldi array antenna at 28 GHz which provides a fix beam directional radiation pattern with narrow beam that requires real phase setting. However, there has been no research using vivaldi antenna with butler matrix, whereas it has some advantages such as wide bandwidth, high gain, high directivity, etc. This paper proposed 4x4 butler matrix integrated with vivaldi antenna by using phase shift of 45 . The design is developed on a single layer of Rogers RT5880 with dielectric constant 2.2 and thickness 0.254 mm. Best results of simulation were picked for overall system at 28 GHz, and the results of antenna as follows: the return loss was below -10 dB, the realized antennas gain was 10.2 dB with unidirectional radiation pattern and bandwidth antenna of 6 GHz that covers from 25 GHz to 31 GHz. The butler matrix average phase di erent between output port are -44.106°, 137.38°, -137.66°, 43.95° with phase err°r °f 0.894°, 2.38°, 2.66°, 1.06°. Antenna array that has been given di erent phase by butler matrix is able to shift radiation pattern on the input port successively with range of beam that can be achieved equal to 185o.

Stress in animal is a condition of nonspesific discomfort which cause of non-specific immune defects,failure of reproduction, and decreased of meat carcass until the death of animals. To determine stress ofcattle, it will be invented stress detector using a non-invasive method based on the spectroscopy FourierTransform Infrared (FTIR). Basically, FTIR will detect component in compound of cathecolamine andcortisol as ketone (= O) and methyl (= CH 3). Furthermore, each group of components will be detected indifferent of absorbant and wavelength. The results showed that average level of cortisol in female beefcattle durimg resting eriod was 38,48±21,53 ng/dL, on time of slaughtering were 116,88±112,59 ng/dL. Forbull, which were resting 20,42±9,25 ng/dL; when animal was slaughtered level of cortisol was 67,61±41,62ng/dL. Using FTIR, it was showed that compound of metil was absorbed well. Animals with udder stresscondition have been recorded on the wave lenght of 2777-3456 nm. It has been concluded level of cortisolon cattle which were resting is significantly different from animal which were slaughtering P(< 0.05),where cortisol would increase drastically. Using Calibration of FTIR indicated resting animals only havefewer value of absorbance than animals which slaughtered. FTIR is a very prospect method for makingstress indicator.