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I. Introduction II. Background A. Critical Race Theory (CRT) 1. CRT Past and Present 2. State and Federal Efforts to Regulate CRT B. Iowa's CRT Ban 1. Legislative History 2. [...], In 2019, Critical Race Theory (CRT) moved from the pages of law journals to the front page of the newspaper and became the centerpiece of a partisan political battle over the classroom. In response, several states have passed laws to ban CRT from the classroom. Iowa's CRT ban directly regulates speech about race in K-12 classrooms and one Iowa university has used it to limit speech about race in college classrooms. This Article argues that this kind of viewpoint discriminatory law would usually be facially unconstitutional. However, Iowa's CRT law regulates public school teachers and college professors, who exist in a First Amendment twilight zone created by the Supreme Court's employee speech jurisprudence. Even though teachers and professors are having their speech abridged, they cannot get into court on a First Amendment Theory. To fill in this gap, Courts faced with Iowa's CRT ban should clarify the protections for professors engaged in teaching and research and recognize a student's right to receive information. These solutions would put a stop to the current rash of politically motivated tinkering with the K-12 and University curriculum and allow the education system to grapple honestly with past injustice.

To effectively address the student debt crisis, each citizen should consider the complexity of the problem and to not simply "blame the victim" which is the student loan borrower. In [...]

Prior to the passing of California Assembly Bill20 (AB20) and the implementation of the California Model Agreement (CMA) in 2015, the proposal and award process for the California public university systems and the state of California was slow-moving, administratively burdensome, and inconsistent in contracting for research, training, and public services. The CMA was developed as a streamlined and collaborative vehicle for the state to conduct business with the University of California (UC) and the California State University (CSU) systems. The CMA has passed its three-year anniversary and has, in general, been effective in both standardizing proposal applications and submissions and in reducing the time and effort required to secure agreement. This study uses a mixed methods research approach using survey and interview instruments to: 1) determine the effectiveness of the current state contracting process in California; 2) identify successes and challenges of implementing this campus-wide pre- and post-award Sponsored Projects model; 3) collect suggested improvements to the process; and 4) offer recommendations for further implementing a model agreement proposal and award process. Keywords: Model Agreement; State of California; Assembly Bill 20 (AB20); University of California (UC) System; California State University (CSU) System; Proposal Process; Award Process, Background In Fiscal Year 2006-2007, the University of California and the California State University received approximately six billion dollars ($6,000,000,000) from the State General Fund, through more than 2,500 contracts [...]

Byline: James Fredericks Volkwein (1), Shaukat M. Malik (2) Abstract: Have regulatory practices changed in the past decade and does flexibility make a difference in campus effectiveness? This study first measures the academic, personnel, and financial dimensions of state regulation, as well as the changes that have occurred since 1983. Second, this study examines the relationship between state regulation and various state characteristics, and tests the hypothesis that state characteristics have an effect on the level of flexibility granted to university campuses. Third, the research analyzes the relationship between state regulation and campus characteristics, and examines whether the level of campus flexibility is associated with measures of university quality. Author Affiliation: (1) University at Albany, AD 241, Albany, NY, 12222 (2) University at Albany, USA Article History: Registration Date: 14/10/2004