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There is little consensus of common understanding of innovation in bureaucratic organizations; thus, leading to minimal enhancement to the growth and execution of innovation in this sector. It is apparent that practitioners and scholars are not on the same page regarding public sector innovation research. The market innovation literature along with perspectives on public sector innovation showed that within any organization, an innovative culture must be supported by individuals in power. One major challenge for practitioners is to develop systems, processes, and climates that promote and demonstrate innovation and creativity. In other words, the development of a supportive climate for enhancing employees' innovative behaviour and creativity is not an option. While much public sector research is centred on why the public sector should change and what changes should be made, little is known about how to encourage the whole systems towards having greater innovation capacity. Public organizations are constantly under severe pressure to produce more value for their communities. The complex nature of the term innovation particularly in the government made it essential for public services to engage with the concept. In addition, key leadership behaviours and styles for managing and promoting innovation in the public sector is crucial part of this paper. The objective of this paper is to critically review academic publications in innovation and leadership in public sector organizations. From the review and analysis of literature, the paper determines what is required, and what constraints are imposed by organizational and environmental factors to nurturing or fostering a culture of innovation in the government sector. A conceptual framework is gradually developed based on the analysis and knowledge obtained from relevant literature. Hence, the researchers discuss achievable and indispensable factors that might promote or enhance a culture of innovation in the public sector. The comprehension provided is intended to support scholars and practitioners in highlighting critical issues necessary to promote a culture of innovation in the government sector. Although the paper is narrative or descriptive in nature and non-statistical, it can be used to enhance the understanding of innovation in public sector organizations., JEL Classifications: J45, 031, 032 Keywords: Innovation, Leadership, Organization, Public Sector INTRODUCTION Innovation is one of the few topics that may not die out around the globe, due to its [...]

Does board diversity or representativeness influence organizational performance? Though it is understudied in both the public and the nonprofit sectors, learning more about this critical subject can enhance organizational performance within highly collaborative settings. Community mediation centers, which rely on multiple public and private resources to meet their programmatic objectives, provide excellent case studies for analyzing the impact of different kinds of interorganizational linkages on organizational performance. A multitheoretic view incorporating agency, resource dependence, and stakeholder perspectives is employed through a national sample and a two-stage analysis using a logic model to test the cumulative impact of board characteristics and interorganizational relationships on organizational outcomes. Organizations' collaborative capacity depends on several kinds of boundary-spanning activities, including network ties, revenue sources, and the number of stakeholder groups represented on the board. .

Despite the significant volume of studies on public sector performance measurement, a paucity of empirical research describes in detail the systems and processes used at different levels of government to measure and manage performance. This study focuses on the experience of Public Service Agreements in the public sector in England. In particular, the impact of a centralized, performance measurement-driven approach on public service delivery is analyzed using case studies in a health care and a police organization. Despite efforts to introduce a 'golden thread' to link different levels of the public sector hierarchy, in both cases, there was relatively low consistency in terms of performance indicators, targets, and priorities. Significant implications are evident for the design and role of performance targets and indicators, for the possibility to align frameworks at different levels of the public sector, and for the importance of feedback loops in measurement systems.

Abstract Some public sector stakeholders are demanding evaluative findings within a short timeframe. Although evaluators want to be responsive to such requests, there are a number of barriers that hinder [...]

The Atkinson review has been instituted with a view to establish how much the public sector produces in monetary terms. The study has several problems as many of the public services have minimal or negative economic output.

An empirical investigation is conducted to find the extent and evolution of fiscal decentralization in a sample of OECD countries. The result revealed that heterogeneity in ethno-linguistics groups is significantly related to the observed decentralization in the patterns of expenditure on education and on religious, cultural and recreational services.

In an attempt to reap the purported benefits that 'knowledge workers' bring to organizations, many police departments have shifted to a community problem-oriented policing philosophy. Rather than focusing on enforcement and incarceration, this philosophy is based on the dissemination of information to promote a proactive, preventative approach to reduce crime and disorder. In keeping with much of the contemporary literature on the 'learning organization' (sometimes called the 'knowledge organization'), police departments hope to deter crime through the knowledge benefits that derive from information and its associated technologies. With goals to stimulate productivity, performance, and effectiveness, police departments across the country are employing information technology to turn police officers into problem solvers and to leverage their intellectual capital to preempt crime and neighborhood deterioration. Many public and private organizations are striving to change their operations toward this same concept of the knowledge worker. Information technology is often touted as a vehicle for capturing, tracking, sorting, and providing information to advance knowledge, thus leading to improvements in service-delivery efforts. Based on an extensive study of police departments that have attempted to implement a knowledge-worker paradigm (supported by information technology initiatives), this research explores the feasibility, effectiveness, and limitations of information and technology in promoting the learning organization in the public sector.

Reforms in the Australian public sector resulted in reorganization of intergovernmental relations. The manner in which some jointly funded programs are managed and organized may have some lasting impact on the federal system. Judging by the history of collaborative relations, program management may become the norm, which poses serious challenges to dual government.

VP Al Gore's enthusiastic leadership of the Clinton administration's campaign to reinvent the government has made inroads toward the public sector's apathy to total quality management. His town meetings with federal employees has drawn the support of federal employees, suggesting that they are ready to respond to a vision or mission statement that motivates people to excellence in their work., The quality movement is strong in the U.S. private sector. Companies all over America are developing TQM strategies, and large numbers of them have become first-rate practitioners. World-class implementation, which [...]

Issues are presented concerning the use of national performance indicators as measures of the performance of the public sector. The use of performance indicators by the Soviet Audit Commission and the disadvantages of the system are discussed.

Byline: Albert N. Link, John T. Scott Within a public environment in which accountability is at the forefront, an important evaluation question is how to document the economic value of innovation-related outputs and outcomes from intramural research relative to the cost of funding an intramural research programme. In this paper, we apply a counterfactual method to an evaluation of the US Advanced Technology Program's (ATP) Intramural Research Initiative. We also suggest more general applications of the methodology – for example, economic development applications to project evaluations in the developing areas of a country or in developing nations.

The public sector reform in three East African countries under different leaders is studied. This study shows that new leaders are not always new brooms and it depends as much on formal conditions, such as the existence of a political coalition, as on informal neo-patrimonial factors.

The industrial projects and the events that took place over the period of four years, between late 1950 and mid-1954 are discussed. Jawaharlal Nehru's intervention in the penicillin project led to momentous decisions concerning the strategy underlying the acquisition of technology by corporations in the Indian public sector.

Issues of accountability in the public sector in a context in which government is expecting the private sector and the voluntary sector to be much more involved in the delivery of public services are focused. These issues have looked at the critique of the public service ethos mounted by both public choice theorists and those who believe that public services should be made democratically accountable.

A framework of the issues related to managing the public sector, and in particular target-setting is established. It highlights how public sector activities differ from those under private ownership.

Analysis of public accountability tends to concentrate on public sector institutions. However, increasing use of the private sector in the provision of public services suggests the need to compare accountability in the two sectors. While private sector (for-profit) companies are more accountable in terms of their `bottom line', accountability requirements in the public sector are generally more stringent, particularly with regard to process and general policy.

The changes that have taken place in the method of investigating and inspecting, in the wake of scrutiny (which includes inspection, regulation and auditing) of public services across Scotland, so as bring around improvements, is discussed.

The goal orientation of government-owned businesses in India is explored as a way of developing a behavioral theory of such entities. Research consisted of seeking patterns in the subjective evaluations of a group of Indian state-owned-enterprises by key environmental actors such as journalists and senior bureaucrats. Results consistently showed that commercial profitability was the most important factor explaining the subjective evaluations offered by the bureaucrats. Some of the same findings were also true for responding journalists. It is suggested that Indian state-owned-enterprises will continue to seek profits, not only to cut financial reliance on government but also to develop some degree of external legitimacy.