Objectives: To develop and implement a pilot online data collection tool to help local health departments with their COVID-19 pandemic response efforts and inform health department actions., Design: The COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) was an online survey and was distributed by participating sites to individuals who recently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Surveys recorded participant demographics and assessed recent infection risk behaviors (eg, mask use, air travel), vaccination status, sleep and exercise habits, social behaviors and beliefs, and physical and mental health., Setting: Seven health departments participated in the initiative, which took place during May 1 to September 30, 2022. Identical items were administered to demographically representative samples of adults nationally in the United States within a similar timeframe., Participants: A total of 38 555 participants completed surveys. Responses from participants with recent SARS-CoV-2 infections were compared with respondents from the national surveys who did not have evidence or awareness of prior SARS-CoV-2 infections., Main Outcome Measure: To implement of a process that allows health departments to receive data from local cases and compare this information to national controls during the COVID-19 pandemic., Results: Fifty-four biweekly reports were provided to public health departments between May and September 2022. Information and comparisons within the reports were updated in response to evolving public health priorities for the pandemic response. The initiative helped to guide public health response efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the receptiveness by local health departments and participants provides evidence to support this data collection and reporting model as a component of the public health response to future emergencies., Conclusion: This project demonstrates the feasibility of a centralized, rapid, and adaptive data collection system for local health departments and provides evidence to advocate for data collection methods to help guide local health departments to respond in a timely and effective manner to future public health emergencies., Competing Interests: L.A.B., M.É.C., R.I.L., P.V., S.M.W.R., M.E.H., C.A.C., and M.D.W. report institutional grants from CDC Foundation and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. M.É.C. reports institutional gifts or grants from WHOOP, Inc., HopeLab Foundation, consulting fees from Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Nychthemeron, LLC, and equity interest in With Deep, Inc. M.D.W. reports institutional grants from Brigham and Women’s Hospital Physician’s Organization, Brigham Research Institute, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and consulting fees from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, the National Sleep Foundation, and the University of Pittsburgh. S.M.W.R. reports institutional grants from Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, National Health and Medical Research Council, CSIRO, the Australian Research Council, Australasian Sleep Association, Wellcome Trust, Collingwood Football Club, Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Department of Defense, WHOOP, Inc. HopeLab Foundation; institutional consultancy fees from Teva Pharma Australia, Circadian Therapeutics, BHP, Roche, Avecho, Vanda Pharmaceuticals; institutional and personal consulting fees from Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity; payment for expert testimony from Herbert Smith Freehills and Maurice Blackburn; Patent for Systems and Methods for Monitoring and Control of Sleep Patterns; and service as chair for the Sleep Health Foundation Board of Directors. M.E.H. reports participation on the ResApp Health Advisory Board, and honorary board membership for the Institute for Breathing and Sleep. C.A.C. serves as the incumbent of an endowed professorship provided to Harvard Medical School by Cephalon, Inc. and as chair of the Sleep Timing and Variability Consensus Panel, National Sleep Foundation; and reports institutional support for the Quality Improvement Initiative from Delta Airlines and Puget Sound Pilots; education support to Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine; support to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Jazz Pharmaceuticals PLC, Inc. and Philips Respironics, Inc; support to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Axome Therapeutics, Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and Sanofi SA; educational funding to the Sleep and Health Education of the Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine from ResMed, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries, Ltd., and Vanda Pharmaceuticals; royalty payments on sales of the Actiwatch-2 and Actiwatch-Spectrum devices from Philips Respironics, Inc.; personal consulting fees from With Deep, Inc. and Vanda Pharmaceuticals; honoraria for Thomas Roth Lecture of Excellence at SLEEP 2022 annual meeting and from the Massachusetts Medical Society for writing a Perspective article in the New England Journal of Medicine; payment for expert testimony from Puget Sound Pilots, Amtrak, Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Dallas Police Association, FedEx, PAR Electrical Contractors, Inc., Schlumberger Technology Corp., Union Pacific Railroad, United Parcel Service, Vanda Pharmaceuticals, and the San Francisco Sheriff’s Department; travel support from the Stanley Ho Medical Development Foundation for travel to Macao and Hong Kong; advisory board membership for the Institute of Digital Media and Child Development, Klarman Family Foundation, and the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; equity interest in Vanda Pharmaceuticals, With Deep, Inc., and Signos, Inc.; and institutional receipt of educational gifts to Brigham and Women’s Hospital from Johnson & Johnson, Mary Ann and Stanley Snider via Combined Jewish Philanthropies, Alexandra Drane, DR Capital, Harmony Biosciences, LLC, and to Harvard University from ResMed, Inc. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)