Search

Provides detailed coverage of information resources on U.S. Government information resources for federal regulations. Features historical background on these regulations, details on the Federal Register and Code of Federal Regulations, includes information on individuals can participate in the federal regulatory process by commenting on proposed agency regulations via https://regulations.gov/, describes the role of presidential executive orders, refers to recent and upcoming U.S. Supreme Court cases involving federal regulations, and describes current congressional legislation seeking to give Congress greater involvement in the federal regulatory process.

Provides detailed overview of how the U.S. Congress conducts oversight of federal agency programs. Contents include a letter from a member of Congress to an agency head concerning an environmental development in Indiana, information on the foundations of congressional oversight, details on how Congress may require agency reports on various subjects in public laws, an example of a congressionally mandated report by the Department of Defense, documentation of congressional funding of individual federal agencies, examples of congressional committee hearings, congressional committee issuance of oversight and investigative reports which may include dissenting opinions, Congressional Budget Office cost estimates on congressional committee reported legislation, congressional committee biennial activity reports, and useful websites for congressional oversight information including congressional support agencies like the Congressional Budget Office, Congressional Research Service, and Government Accountability Office.

Professional military reading lists have existed for a long time in the U.S. military and in other national militaries. They are frequently updated and intended to enhance the professional knowledge of military professionals in areas ranging from cultural awareness, ethics, leadership, international relations, military history and military operations, and areas of expertise considered essential to successfully executing the operations of their military service branch. These lists are prepared by the leadership organizations of these armed services such as the Air Force Chief of Staff, U.S. Army’s Chief of Staff, Chief of Naval Operations, and Marine Corps Commandant. Such readings are encouraged and are not prescriptive though they may be recommended for military personnel of various ranks. Their inclusion can often be controversial depending on existing political developments within U.S. politics. This work will examine recent geopolitically oriented works which have been included in U.S. professional military reading lists. They are not limited to books but may include podcasts. It is hoped this assessment will provide some indication of what leaders of U.S. military branches consider to be integral geopolitically oriented works for U.S. military personnel to be aware of in early 2023.

Due to mass incarceration, correctional facilities in America are dealing with unprecedented levels of overcrowding, staff shortages, violence, suicide, and widespread mental illness among inmates. Budget cuts and the corresponding loss of vocational, educational, and treatment programs have exacerbated such problems. Mass incarceration and its deleterious consequences are challenging the very soul of America, and the church has largely stood by and watched this tragic situation unfold over the last fifty years. This research project has explored some of the barriers that have precluded churches from taking a more intentional, active, and impactful role in doing something about the national scourge of mass incarceration. The project involved a review of societal and theological constraints that have hindered American Christianity from acknowledging and responding to such a tragic situation for a half-century. The focused methodology included case studies of churches that have manifested an impactful commitment to be involved with the imprisoned during and after their periods of incarceration. A specific focus was to identify the theological basis and rationalization for doing so when so many churches have displayed such a great reluctance to get involved in any meaningful way. The researcher sought to identify factors that could sensitize, motivate, and encourage other churches to become engaged to change this terrible injustice in American society.

How can a Christian Realist approach shape United States security policy to manage strategic risk during Great Power Competition? This work finds that Just War Theory, in particular jus in bello (behavior in war), is a common method used by Christian Realists to determine actions and manage consequences in war; however, it is not optimal for the challenges posed in Competition. A complementary structure uniquely applicable to actions below the threshold of armed conflict is needed. This argument is manifested through Just Competition Theory or jus in contentione. In a complex environment of Great Power Competition, principles of jus in contentione offer a better Christian Realist approach to strategic risk management than the principles of jus in bello. This claim is analytically supported using grounded theory methodology, incorporating a review of literature, content analysis of documents and structured interviews, comparative hypotheses testing, case studies, and a compatibility assessment. The principles of jus in contentione offer a complimentary Christian Realist method of analysis for the modern strategic context. Comparative hypotheses testing assesses them against historical military deployment data, a strategic risk assessment, a theoretical application of forces and activities, and the professional input of interview respondents. Two case studies using jus in contentione principles as explanatory factors provide further empirical support. An assessment of Classical Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism shows this novel theory is most compatible with Christian Realism. Comprehensively, the research assesses that jus in contentione is a viable addendum to Just War Theory and a useful analytical tool for Great Power Competition policy and strategy.

Violent offenses are part of the history of humankind, and as such, both male and female violent offenders have perpetrated these acts, often with gender differences between male and female offenders present. As more women leave the home and enter the workplace, the gap in gender roles has narrowed, so it follows that this narrowing may also be reflected in the actions of violent offenders. Although there are various explanations for the narrowing of the gender gap in crime, understanding the differences between male and female offenders can help inform gender-based interventions. To address this idea, the type of weapon present during a violent offense and the demographic variables of the victim, including age and sex, were examined for differences between male and female violent offenders. Furthermore, these variables were examined for changes in the differences between male and female violent offenders over time. To provide a quantitative analysis, data collected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation through the National Incident-Based Reporting System was analyzed using SPSS. Although this data is not yet nationally representative, it remains a robust source of information that provides useful support for conclusions, even with its limitations. The analyses found that there were significant relationships between offender gender and weapon present, offender gender and victim age, and offender gender and victim sex. Additionally, the strength of these relationships increased over time.

The outer space territory and celestial bodies are unfathomably rich in strategic mineral resources worth trillions of dollars such as water ice, helium-3, platinum, iron, cobalt, and ammonia. These space resources, distinct from their space territorial and celestial bodies loci, need to be located, characterized, captured, processed, concentrated, and transported to points of use in-situ or on Earth by capable state and private space investors, stakeholders, or national agencies, for private benefits. Investors in this embryonic space mining industry need legal certainty and predictability under unambiguous legal and policy frameworks that guarantee property interests over extracted minerals. The Problem is that space mining activity is not expressly accounted for in the governing outer space law, therefore dueling legal theories abound on the legality of space mining. These notions include strict “Non-Appropriation,” permissible competitive appropriations, and conflict-oriented nationalist exclusive / imperial colonization theories. However, this research study finds that under the better, more coherent, and plausible legal interpretation of the “Non-Appropriation” principle, there is no inherent incompatibility between the terra/res communis omnium philosophical basis of Article II, 1967 OST, and the res nullius policy framework of Title IV, U.S. 2015 Space Act. This qualitative research study examined, catalogued, interpreted, and analyzed an exhaustive compendium of empirical and theoretical extant documentary data of outer space Regimes Theory literature, through the lens of a politico-philosophical and legal-historical perspectives. The study used Glaser and Strauss’ (1967) Grounded Theory methodology, in a rigorous comparative inductive analysis of the themes, concepts, and theoretical frameworks inherent in the primary and secondary data of space law and policy. The overarching theory is that Article II, 1967 OST and Title IV, U.S. 2015 Space Act can straig

With the recent push to implement bail reform in various U.S. cities and states, the impact of such reform was studied using aggravated assault arrest statistics for Philadelphia, a city that implemented bail reform via prosecutorial discretion, and for Pittsburgh, which had not implemented bail reform. Using the time period of January 2017 through December 2019, a quantitative analysis was completed on aggravated assault arrest counts in both cities to ascertain whether the removal of bail as a deterrent caused aggravated assault arrests to increase. Using a t-test, linear regression, and ANOVA, it was determined that bail reform had minimal (if any) influence on aggravated assault arrests in Philadelphia. While this analysis fills a gap in the literature, it also suggests that much more needs to be done if the implications and, where appropriate, consequences of bail reform are to be understood by the politicians and government officials who will make decisions regarding its implementation.

The purpose of this mixed methods multi-case study is to analyze (1) how small-town governments are using the Facebook social media platform to serve residents; (2) the results that are experienced by the small-town governments and residents in the town’s use of Facebook; and (3) the factors that influence the small-town governments to use Facebook to serve residents. The setting for the study is three small-town governments (Abingdon, Lebanon, and Marion) located in Southwestern Virginia. The theoretical framework guiding this study is the T3 Framework for Innovation by Dr. Sonny Magana. This theoretical framework, originally created to assess the use of technology in education, can be applied to public administration in the study of the adoption and utilization of Facebook by small-town governments. The T3 model can be used to understand the exact level (T1: translational, T2: transformational, or T3: transcendent) at which small-town governments are utilizing the Facebook social media platform as part of their e-government services. The study highlights the similarities and differences among the three small-town governments in their approach and the experiences in the use of the Facebook social media platform to serve residents. Data was collected through analysis of documents (Facebook page content and Insights reports) and interviews. Recommendations are provided to the towns that will strengthen each town’s use of the Facebook social media platform to serve residents.

Provides detailed coverage of information resources on U.S. Government information resources for federal regulations. Features historical background on these regulations, details on the Federal Register and Code of Federal Regulations, includes information on individuals can participate in the federal regulatory process by commenting on proposed agency regulations via https://regulations.gov/, describes the role of presidential executive orders, refers to recent and upcoming U.S. Supreme Court cases involving federal regulations, and describes current congressional legislation seeking to give Congress greater involvement in the federal regulatory process.

Provides detailed overview of how the U.S. Congress conducts oversight of federal agency programs. Contents include a letter from a member of Congress to an agency head concerning an environmental development in Indiana, information on the foundations of congressional oversight, details on how Congress may require agency reports on various subjects in public laws, an example of a congressionally mandated report by the Department of Defense, documentation of congressional funding of individual federal agencies, examples of congressional committee hearings, congressional committee issuance of oversight and investigative reports which may include dissenting opinions, Congressional Budget Office cost estimates on congressional committee reported legislation, congressional committee biennial activity reports, and useful websites for congressional oversight information including congressional support agencies like the Congressional Budget Office, Congressional Research Service, and Government Accountability Office.

This thesis investigates the role of gender violence and sexual terror in westward settler expansion of the United States in the nineteenth century. I posit that gender violence was not simply a symptom of war and colonization, but an integral piece of the American colonization strategy. Using studies of three locations during three different periods, I have found that the local, territorial, state, and federal governments all actively deployed sexual assault and other forms of gendered terror as methods of removing Indigenous peoples to reservations and rancherías, opening their lands to settlement and resource exploitation for the purpose of acquiring wealth and power for both individuals and the state itself. Through the lens of critical Indigenous feminist studies and utilizing the theories of Indigenous woman scholars, I have made connections between historical violence and the current crisis of violence against Indigenous women, girls, queer, trans, and two-spirit people, and, in particular, their abduction and murder, colloquially known as MMIWGQ2ST. While my research findings are oftentimes quite dark, I highlight the survival and resistance (survivance) of Indigenous women and girls and the hope on the horizon for decolonization, justice, and healing.

This transcendental phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experiences of repeat offenders under probation supervision within Placer County, California. The hierarchy of needs theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. The central research question was: What are the lived experiences of the repeat offenders under Placer County, California probation supervision? The three guiding questions asked the following: 1) How do offenders describe their lived experiences as a repeat offender? 2) How do offenders describe the support or lack of support from correctional intervention? 3) How do participants perceive the challenges experienced after being released back to the community? Criterion sampling was used to recruit ten repeat offenders within Placer County for this study. The data was collected through semistructured interviews and reflexive memos. The data was coded utilizing NVivo 12 Plus to complete a thematic analysis. Three primary themes emerged from the data: 1) correctional environment, 2) reintegration into society, and 3) follow-up when released. The findings revealed that the repeat offenders struggled to provide for their basic needs when released from custody. The implications of the study’s findings, delimitations and limitations, and recommendations for future research will also be discussed.

The spring and summer of 2020 created new challenges, related to strain, for the law enforcement profession. These challenges were precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the “defund the police movement.” The purpose of this study was three-fold: 1) to understand if the events of 2020 were responsible for increased police turnover, 2) to analyze retiree data pre- and post-spring of 2020, and 3) explore ways in which strain and turnover can be mitigated following critical events. The research design utilized in this study was a mixed method design. Bayesian modeling revealed support for the null hypotheses pertaining to the three research questions. The qualitative section utilized semi-structured interviews with ten participants from the Texas Fraternal Order of Police and the Combined Law Enforcement Associations of Texas. NVivo 12 software was utilized to examine the transcribed data. Inductive reasoning was utilized as the method to identify patterns and themes in the participant data. Subsequently, nine themes were identified pertaining to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Defund the Police Movement on policing. These themes included the following: 1) Police officers feeling unappreciated and hated, 2) A perceived lack of support from upper management and community, and leaders’ actions being dictated by public opinion, 3) A lack of work-life balance and work role overload, 4) Low morale and lack of motivation, 5) Protests and distaste for the police, 6) Lack of fairness, 7) Changing stress levels, 8) Necessity to improve manpower and training, and 9) Importance of morale.

Offenders with severe mental illness (SMI) found a place within the criminal justice system (CJS) with its most crucial objectives including the reduction of recidivism among discharged offenders and their safe reintegration into a free community as rehabilitated offenders. Beyond the monetary costs of recidivism, the continued potential for criminality among offenders with mental illness (OMI) added enormous costs to all law-abiding citizens and their respective communities. However, no study was found in the literature that attempted to investigate the relationship between recidivism and the successful rehabilitation of patients with mental illness. Those found involved offenders without mental illness and non-offending hospitalized psychiatric patients. The study primarily aimed to define the relationship between recidivism and rehabilitation outcomes (successful or unsuccessful) for patients with mental illness. It approached the investigation through a theoretical framework of the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Model. The study used an analytical retrospective cross-sectional design with data from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) with a base release date in 2016 and 2017. The sample population consisted of three groups: a test group (OMIS upon release and later committed a crime), a positive control (OMIS upon release and later re-imprisoned for noncriminal parole violations), and a negative control group (offenders without mental illness upon discharge who later committed a crime). Descriptive analysis used relative frequency and standard deviation, while quantitative analysis used binary logistic regression.

Nearly one in four adults and one in six children in the United States (U.S.) have a disability. Despite the evidence documenting health differences, public health professionals receive inconsistent or little-to-no disability education in graduate public health curricula. Undergraduate public health (UGPH) programs have an expanding role in building the future public health workforce, including the U.S. governmental public health workforce. However, the inclusion of disability-related content within UGPH program curricula is currently unknown. The purpose of this multi-site case study was to conduct preliminary research to describe how disability-related curricula are or can be included in UGPH program curricula and to understand what supports are needed to deliver UGPH program curricula for disability-competent public health workforce preparedness. From semi-structured interviews and document analysis data, this study’s research questions aimed to discover to what extent the four public health workforce disability competencies can be included in the UGPH program curricula of California-based public universities. The social-ecological theory, which acknowledges and describes the influence of larger social systems and environments on individual and community-level health outcomes, served as the guiding conceptual model for this study. The qualitative data were examined through thematic and content analysis approaches. This study found that disability-related content in UGPH program curricula lacks focus and specificity, lacks inclusion and depth, and is influenced by faculty and student preferences. Further, faculty capacity and university and faculty resources were identified as barriers, and curriculum flexibility was identified as a facilitator to disability-content curricula inclusion.

This quantitative study aims to evaluate the Guam Department of Education (GDOE) primary and secondary school principals’ emotional intelligence in Guam to inform emotional intelligence-based professional development training. The significance of the study is it establishes an emotional intelligence baseline for GDOE and yields contextual data to help create emotional intelligence-based professional development for GDOE school principals. The study is a non-experimental, correlational quantitative research design with a proposed sample size of 84 GDOE school principals, consisting of two populations: GDOE primary (42) and secondary school principals (42). From the sample pool of 84 school principals, 45 school participants met full participation status. The instruments employed are the Emotional Intelligence Inventory (EQ-i) 2.0 and the Professional Development Survey, with a two-week data collection period via online medium. The data analysis techniques for the study’s research questions are the independent sample t-test and linear regression. Results indicate there is no statistical significance difference between GDOE primary and secondary school principals’ overall emotional intelligence and their five emotional intelligence composite scores; however, it shows a statistical significance between GDOE’s primary and secondary school principals’ overall emotional intelligence and their need for professional development. Recommendations for future research are (1) extend sample populations to private school principals, (2) extend sample populations to the school’s teacher and staff populations, (3) put a higher emphasis on leadership effectiveness in emotional intelligence studies, and (4) integrate qualitative research methodology.

Fire and rescue services are considered a staple among services provided by governments to local communities. Local governments are often charged with providing these services, especially across the United States and Canada. As with any professional service, there are standards set forth in order to ensure services are adequate and provide equity to the citizens that they serve. The purpose of this dissertation will be to delve into the common staffing configurations of career fire departments across the United States and Canada, particularly related to staffing levels on fire engines and ladder trucks. Fire departments utilize various staffing models, but commonly, fire engines and ladder trucks have complements of three or four firefighter crews in career departments in the United States and Canada. Industry standards suggests that a minimum of four firefighters should be staffed on each of these apparatus types. However, as a standard, there is flexibility for local departments to staff according to need, whether based on fiscal need or service demand. This dissertation examines correlations between staffing fire engines and ladder trucks with three personnel and higher property loss, as well as greater numbers of human casualties related to fire, verses communities that staff these apparatuses with four personnel. Data was collected from career fire departments across the United States and Canada, then statistically analyzed to determine if there was a correlation of lower staffing and higher property loss and greater human casualties as the result of fire incidents. The results illustrated some surprise findings where it is questionable if staffing levels impact fire loss and human casualties.

The field of cultural policy has seen a shift towards considerations of diversity, with government bodies increasingly leveraging funding to combat inequality within organisations. A barrier to this aim is a lack of quantitative data, which would provide a means to evaluate the impact of specific policies in practice. This article investigates the relationship between gender inequality at an organisational level and cultural policy at a sectoral level through a case study of Australia’s state-funded opera companies. Drawing on production data from 2005 to 2020, we consider women’s representation as conductors, directors, and designers at the state companies through the lens of Australia’s policy legacy. We find that women experience gender-based disadvantage across the key creative roles of opera production and are further negatively impacted by Australia’s existing policy landscape, which, reflecting the drivers of cultural and economic value, indirectly enables gender inequality in the field.

Provides information about the resources produced by U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration. These resources cover energy statistics for U.S., states, the United States, and foreign countries. They also cover energy products as varied as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, petroleum, and renewable energy.

Provides detailed coverage of U.S. Government information resources documenting accountability for U.S. civilian and military assistance to Ukraine. Includes U.S. laws, agencies involved in U.S. arms export policy, Defense Department resources and data, Defense Dept. Inspector General reports, Government Accountability Office reports, congressional committee hearings, a letter from a congressional committee to the Secretaries of Defense and State and U.S. Agency for International Development administrator, congressional debate, and congressional recorded votes.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, and particularly prior to the availability of vaccines, the emergency measures for reducing the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks have been considered widely effective by the World Health Organization (WHO). Yet almost all these public health emergency measures infringe upon well-established human rights recognised under international law. Against this exceptionally challenging global scenario, this paper aims to analyse the human rights implications of emergency measures for disadvantaged and vulnerable groups in Australia; and examine to what extent the emergency measures are consistent with Australia’s human rights obligations under international law. In achieving these aims, this paper firstly discusses the COVID-19 mitigation strategies Australian governments have implemented and the rights affected; second, it reviews whether the current limitations to the application of Australia’s international obligations including the Siracusa Principles are justified in terms of Australian Society as a whole; and finally, it analyses the disproportionate effect of these limitations on vulnerable groups and the shortfall of the Siracusa Principles as a justification tool in respect of these groups and argues for further intervention and makes recommendations to ameliorate the effects of COVID-19 emergency measures on these groups.

Natural disasters take place throughout the United States many times annually, from localized storms to hurricanes or earthquakes affecting many states. The federal government develops and implements preparedness policies, which are then translated into state, county, and municipality preparedness policies. Individual and family preparedness is a component of these preparedness policies; however, existing federal preparedness policies fail to prompt American individuals and families to prepare for natural disasters. The purpose of this study is to understand how the failures of the current preparedness policies contribute to the lack of individual and family preparedness and the political, social, and psychological factors that drive individuals and families to prepare—or not—for disasters. The theoretical framework for this study is Thorstein Veblen’s (1919) vested interest theory, applied to the behaviors of individuals in relation to preparedness policy. The research questions focus on the factors that influence Americans’ willingness and ability to prepare for disasters. A combination of survey analysis, policy evaluation, and case study analysis is used to investigate potential explanations for individuals and families failing to prepare. The results of this study indicate there are four primary factors influencing individuals’ and families’ level of disaster preparedness: preparedness beliefs, preparedness knowledge, preparedness behaviors, and preparedness actions. Using vested interest theory, this study proposes an explanatory model for individual and family disaster preparedness, the Vested Interest Preparedness Model (VIPM), which shows how preparedness beliefs and knowledge influence increased or decreased preparedness behaviors and actions; increasing beliefs and knowledge will increase behaviors and actions.

The United States (US) has been engaged in a “war on terrorism” to “defeat” al Qaeda since 2001. This study presented and tested an over-arching conceptual framework for US Counterterrorism (CT) policy. The conceptual frame was tested using qualitative thematic analysis of archival records from the Reagan through Clinton era. The research also used a case study of al Qaeda as the context to bound the selected records for the study. This new conceptual frame was used to evaluate the success, failure, and effects of US CT policy activities related to al Qaeda, using the records identified for the study. Following US withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021, there was ample cause for further study into US counterterrorism (CT) policy. Unfortunately, CT policy is an understudied area in the field of terrorism research. This study seeks to fill a gap in scholarly understanding of CT policy through the development and testing of this new conceptual framework (Kielsgard et al., 2018; Renard, 2021). The records selected for the case study were primary source documents from Presidential Libraries, other government agencies, and associated documents on relevant events related to US CT policy activity associated with al Qaeda. The new conceptual framework was coded into a hierarchy, tested in a qualitative data analysis software, and analyzed to reveal related evidence of US CT policy action. This study both evaluates US multidisciplinary CT policy and provides a new conceptual framework for other professionals to evaluate US CT policy efficacy.

The purpose of this qualitative case study research was to identify effective public sector leadership skills when operating in a mandatory remote work environment. The research topic was driven by the adjustments many public sector organizations were mandated to make due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to attract and retain a talented workforce in the future, many government agencies have been faced with implementing reconstitution efforts that include more flexible schedule options for employees following the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, these organizations began exploring offering additional remote opportunities that were previously not available. Thus, identifying effective leadership skills in remote environments has become increasingly necessary for the future of the public sector. While much literature exists regarding e-leadership, there is limited research regarding e-leadership in the public sector based on mandatory remote work (Philip, 2021), and the literature fails to consider the impact of organizational culture on the success of e-leadership. A literature review identified effective e-leadership skills and the relationship between culture and successful public sector leadership. Qualitative research methods, including interviews, surveys, and observations, were used in one public organization to obtain the perspectives of persons working within the organization about the organization’s transition to a mandatory remote work environment in the pandemic. This study is based on traditional public administration leadership theory and the emerging e-leadership subfield. The findings of this study revealed important leadership qualities that drive successful public sector outcomes in a remote environment and can be utilized in the 21st century in consideration of the rapid technological advancements currently occurring in government.

Cardiovascular disease-related deaths and injuries are prevalent among law enforcement officers (Han et al., 2017; Keeler et al., 2021), with attribution pointing to the strong associations between the inherent stressors of police work directly impacting the psychological and physical health of police officers (Santa Maria et al., 2018; Violanti et al., 2017). As such, several researchers have studied the associations between police officers' perceptions of stress and the presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, there is a current gap in the literature on information examining the relationship between law enforcement officers' cardiovascular disease risk perceptions and their utilized health behaviors for mitigating such risk. The aim of this case study was to understand the perceptions of cardiovascular disease risk among law enforcement officers in Ohio, United States. Rosenstock's (1966/1974) health belief model theory, which suggests a positive relationship between one's perceptions of risk and health behaviors, provided this study's guiding principles. The researcher explored police officers' perceptions of their cardiovascular disease risk and their reported health behaviors. This researcher conducted in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 11 Ohio law enforcement officers with varied demographic backgrounds. Following data collection and qualitative analysis, the researcher reported findings and provided recommendations for improving the lives of police officers, their families, and the communities they serve.

Social justice issues led to the implementation of body-worn cameras (BWC) in police departments throughout the United States. This widespread implementation provided research results to assist other police agencies in considering implementation; however, no similar criminal justice solution for adult and juvenile corrections has been implemented with the same level of practicality. BWCs have the potential to protect inmates according to the Prison Rape Elimination Act’s (PREA) requirements and represent the most critical social justice issue in corrections: advocating civil rights. The former Texas Youth Commission (TYC) was re-branded as the Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD) due to a history of sexual assault and civil rights abuse (Cate, 2016; Donnelly, 2018). Applying the findings on BWC implementation by law enforcement agencies and the few existing studies in adult prisons reveals that implementing BWCs in juvenile justice provides an opportunity to thwart the perceptions of a lack of legitimacy and procedural justice. Yet, little research exists on implementing BWCs in a corrections environment. This study aims to examine TJJD facility staff perceptions of BWCs using pre-existing surveys following a non-experimental repeated cross-sectional research design exploring their perceptions of BWCs. Recommendations for further research include what BWC implementation procedures differ in corrections based upon differing usage and compliance procedures, requiring differing decision criteria for corrections environments. Keywords: Body-Worn Cameras, Juvenile Justice, Procedural Justice

Provides information about the resources produced by U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration. These resources cover energy statistics for U.S., states, the United States, and foreign countries. They also cover energy products as varied as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, petroleum, and renewable energy.

Provides detailed coverage of U.S. Government information resources documenting accountability for U.S. civilian and military assistance to Ukraine. Includes U.S. laws, agencies involved in U.S. arms export policy, Defense Department resources and data, Defense Dept. Inspector General reports, Government Accountability Office reports, congressional committee hearings, a letter from a congressional committee to the Secretaries of Defense and State and U.S. Agency for International Development administrator, congressional debate, and congressional recorded votes.

Homelessness has been an ongoing public health crisis in major cities throughout the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic has strained the country’s social service and healthcare system, thus worsening the conditions faced by over half a million homeless Americans. This study aimed to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the number of homeless individuals, funding for homeless services and homelessness prevention, and availability of social services. To answer these questions, this study conducted a thorough secondary data analysis of New York City’s publicly available data as well as primary research conducted by the Coalition for the Homeless. Additionally, this study conducted 10 interviews with social service providers from various professional backgrounds who had served the homeless community in varying capacities since the start of the pandemic. The findings revealed the following: (1) Homeless single adults seeking shelter within DHS-funded shelters gradually increased from FY19 to FY21; (2) funding fluctuated from FY19 to FY22 due to the awarding and expiration of several emergency funding streams; and (3) access to services was disrupted, leaving many homeless individuals struggling to meet their needs. These findings indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the homeless single adult population in New York City overall, and also that city and state responses during times of crisis need to improve. Given the gaps in the literature and the response from government agencies, this study recommended that further research is conducted to examine the relationship between homelessness and public health emergencies. It also recommended active collaborations between researchers and decision-makers for addressing the root causes of homelessness—not just the symptoms.

The 2015 European Migrant Crisis emerged when an influx of refugees settled in Europe from 2015-2019. The asylum seekers fled their homelands to evade a myriad of crises such as violence and war, corruption and abuse, and poor socioeconomic conditions. Of the European states, Germany welcomed the largest number of migrants. This was in part due to Germany’s existing immigration policies in a post-Second World War environment, but also due to Germany’s resounding economic strength. Germany has significantly low unemployment rates and the highest gross domestic product (GDP) in Europe. As such, Germany’s position is one of uncontested significance within the European Union (EU); however, there is controversy on whether the European Union’s polices, and distribution of immigrants, is fair and reasonable and if the influx of migrants are beneficial or detrimental to German society as a result. This study seeks to use quantifiable economic data to outline the causal effects of the Migrant Crisis on Germany. This study concludes that the 2015 Migrant Crisis had a low but positive impact to the German economy and a mid to high-level impact on German political society in the short-term duration of the Crisis (2015-2019). A full and comprehensive determination of the long-term impacts requires a future study, but the results of this research indicate the effects of the Migrant Crisis have normalized resulting in no long-term impacts. Using statistical analysis of data and an ethnological and phenomenological research design to understand the impacts to Germany will aid policymakers navigating the complexities of, and policy recommendations for, the Crisis from both a data driven and local perspective. This will further aid in forecasting the economic strength, immigration policies, and public opinion of Germany and the European Union.

The book contains 100 op-ed articles submitted by Thomas Bier to the Plain Dealer and published between 1977 and 2022. Most of the articles concern a current event or issue in the city of Cleveland and/or communities in Northeast Ohio. 100 articles involve 100 topics, varying from local history, to the effect of public policy on communities, to where to locate a new baseball stadium., https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clevmembks/1066/thumbnail.jpg

Public sector purchasing processes are gaining increasing prominence as a demand-side innovation tool for addressing national sustainability challenges. Accordingly, there has been growing research attention to this topic. Prior studies suggest three key rationales that underlie the use of public sector procurement to drive innovation: (i) the buyer–user rationale (for creating new needs); (ii) the market/system failure rationale (for improving suppliers' capacity to innovate); and (iii) the public services rationale (for improving public services). However, operational activities at the upstream supply chain affecting the sustainable innovation capacities of supplier firms appear to be under-researched in the public procurement for innovation (PPI) scholarship, despite knowledge about innovation capacity being critical to successfully implementing PPI. This paper adopts a systematic literature review approach to synthesise existing fragmented literature on sustainability-oriented PPI, focusing on supplier perspectives. Findings from a synthesis of 41 relevant articles suggest, among others conditions, that a procurement framework that maintains a good balance of competition and innovation, builds buyer–supplier relationship and urges strong supply networks, maintains a stable political commitment, offers security for niche markets with effective innovation risk management culture would enhance suppliers' sustainability capacity and propensity to innovate. This paper contributes to the PPI literature and the literature on determinants of sustainable innovation systems from supplier firms' sustainability lens.