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Introduction: Liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resulting from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are major health concerns. Identifying critical biomarkers and molecular targets is needed for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of these diseases. Methods: In this study, we explored the gene expression and metabolism in the liver tissues of LC, HCC, and healthy controls, to analyse and identify potential biomarkers of disease progression. Mass spectrometry imaging was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of key metabolites. Results and discussion: The results revealed significant changes in gene expression and metabolic pathways along with disease progression. The upregulated genes were associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and cancer pathways, including LAMC1-3, COL9A2, COL1A1, MYL9, MYH11, and KAT2A. The downregulated genes were linked to immune response and fatty acid metabolism. Metabolomic analysis showed major changes in lipid and choline metabolism. Consistent changes in the expression of specific genes and metabolites were correlated with clinical data. Notably, metabolites such as L-acetylcarnitine, histamine, and 4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid demonstrated high accuracy (AUC > 0.85) in distinguishing between healthy, LC, and HCC groups. This study identifies key gene and metabolite changes in HBV related LC and HCC, highlighting critical pathways involved in disease progression. Biomarkers like L-acetylcarnitine and KAT2A show promise for early diagnosis and prognosis, potentially improving outcomes for hepatitis liver disease patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resulting from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are major health concerns. Identifying critical biomarkers and molecular targets is needed for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of these diseases. Methods: In this study, we explored the gene expression and metabolism in the liver tissues of LC, HCC, and healthy controls, to analyse and identify potential biomarkers of disease progression. Mass spectrometry imaging was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of key metabolites. Results and discussion: The results revealed significant changes in gene expression and metabolic pathways along with disease progression. The upregulated genes were associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and cancer pathways, including LAMC1-3, COL9A2, COL1A1, MYL9, MYH11, and KAT2A. The downregulated genes were linked to immune response and fatty acid metabolism. Metabolomic analysis showed major changes in lipid and choline metabolism. Consistent changes in the expression of specific genes and metabolites were correlated with clinical data. Notably, metabolites such as L-acetylcarnitine, histamine, and 4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid demonstrated high accuracy (AUC > 0.85) in distinguishing between healthy, LC, and HCC groups. This study identifies key gene and metabolite changes in HBV related LC and HCC, highlighting critical pathways involved in disease progression. Biomarkers like L-acetylcarnitine and KAT2A show promise for early diagnosis and prognosis, potentially improving outcomes for hepatitis liver disease patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To discuss the protection and regulatory effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides on immunosuppressed mice. [Methods] The immunosuppressive mice model was established by 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. The spleen index, spleen lymphocyte proliferation capability, serum hemolysin antibody generation and serum IL-2 level of mice were researched, so as to observe the effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides at different dosages (100, 200, 400 mg/kg). [Results] Yupingfeng polysaccharides enhanced the spleen index of immunosuppressed mice, improved the proliferation capability of spleen lymphocyte, promoted the generation of serum hemolysin antibody in normal mice, and protected against the secretion reduction of serum hemolysin antibody induced by cyclophosphamide. Besides, Yupingfeng polysaccharides enhanced the IL-2 levels in serum of both immunosuppressed and normal mice, especially that the middle- and low-dosage groups had relatively significant effects. [Conclusions] Yupingfeng polysaccharides protected against the immunosuppression of mice induced by cyclophosphamide, enhanced the immune function and protected the spleen function of mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To discuss the protection and regulatory effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides on mice with immune function damage. [Methods] The immunosuppressive mice mode was established by 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. Effects of different dosages of Yupingfeng polysaccharides (150, 300, 600 mg/kg) on structure and function recovery of mice immune organs were observed. [Results] The thymus and spleen in mice enlarged significantly; spleen index of mice increased obviously; splenic lymphocyte proliferation and transformation capacitates and NK cell activity all increased significandy (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Besides, spleen structure was damaged with compensatory hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue. Observation of polysaccharides positive control group (no administration of cyclophosphamide) showed that after mice were stimulated by Yupingfeng polysaccharides, spleens showed structural hyperplasia and hypertrophy. [Conclusions] Yupingfeng polysaccharides significandy promoted the structural and functional compensation of spleen after immunosuppression, and had obvious enhancement effects on spleen functions of normal mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antioxidant activities of five extracts fromPolygonatum odoratumrhizomes were measured by three antioxidant assaysin vitro. The crude flavonoid extracts (FE) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity among all extracts with IC50/DPPH = 0.06 ± 0.035 mg mL−1, IC50/OH = 0.68 ± 0.030 mg mL−1and reducing power/Abs125 µg mL−1 = 0.56 ± 0.033, respectively. In order to identify functional antioxidants, two C-methylated homoisoflavanones were isolated and purified from FE and their structures were identified by spectrometric techniques as 3-(4′-hydroxy-benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-methoxy-chroman-4-one (1) and 3-(4′-hydroxyl-benzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-chroman-4-one (2). Based on the results, both compounds had significant antioxidant activities on DPPH radical and reducing power but no effect on hydroxyl radical. The antioxidant activity of compound1(IC50/DPPH = 5.90 ± 0.150 µg mL−1) was nearly twofold stronger than compound2(IC50/DPPH = 11.64 ± 0.296 µg mL−1), and there was no significant difference between compound1and rutin (IC50/DPPH = 5.79 ± 0.140 µg mL−1). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]