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Recent research indicates that Cohen’s d follows a non-central t-distribution, even as the central limit theorem approximates normal, contrary to the assumption that effects match the distribution of their test statistic (Cumming, 2012; Kelley, 2007; Smithson, 2003), and little research to date has focused on the variance overlap family of effects. Likewise, meta-analytic techniques also depend on accurate sampling variance estimations of effect sizes. To address this issue, we simulated 1,000 multivariate normal datasets for 1,152 combinations of varying sample sizes, standard deviations, levels, and level correlations. Eta, generalized eta (Olejnik & Algina 2003), omega, and all partial statistics were calculated for between and within subjects ANOVAs. Simulation results indicated an interactive pattern of mean effects and variances across conditions, with variance overlap measures reliably following a beta/gamma/normal distribution. We discuss the impact of design and data type on the measured effect and variance, as well as provide R scripts for simulations to adequately estimate sampling variance for meta-analyses.

Psychonomics poster here only. Project: https://osf.io/97unm/

This study examined the interactive relationship between two measures of association (direct and indirect associations) when predicting relatedness judgments and cued-recall performance. Participants were recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk and were given word pairs of varying relatedness to judge for their semantic, thematic, and associative strength. After completing a distractor task, participants then completed a cued recall task. First, we sought to expand previous work on judgments of associative memory (JAM) to include semantic and thematic based judgments (judgments of relatedness, JOR), while also replicating bias and sensitivity findings. Next, we tested for an interaction between direct and indirect association when predicting participant judgments while also expanding upon previous work by examining that interaction when predicting recall. The interaction between direct and indirect association was significant for both judgments and recall. For low indirect association, direct association was the primary predictor of both judgment strength and recall proportions. However, this trend reversed for high indirect association, as higher levels of indirect relation decreased the effectiveness of direct relation as a predictor. Overall, our findings indicate the degree to which the processing of similarity information impacts cognitive processes such as retrieval and item judgments, while also parsing apart the underlying, interactive relationship that exists between the norms used to represent concept information.