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The global ageing population faces rising depression rates due to social, economic, and health changes. Depression in older adults, often linked to isolation and health issues, requires comprehensive care. Psychotherapeutic interventions could be effective in reducing symptoms, offering personalized and holistic support. Particularly low-threshold interventions, such as those offered in community-dwelling older adults, which older adults can easily access and which may reduce stigma, promise to close the treatment gap. This review examines community-based psychotherapeutic interventions for older adults with depression. Methods: This review investigates psychotherapeutic interventions for reducing depressive symptoms in older adults in a community setting. RCTs were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The following databases were searched: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MedicLatina, MEDLINE with Full Text, and the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Results: A meta-analysis of 13 studies with 1528 participants showed a medium, significant pooled effect size at post-intervention (Hedges' g = −0.36, p < 0.001) and substantial heterogeneity. Follow-up analysis of studies indicated a small, non-significant effect (Hedges' g = −0.17, p = 0.27). Group interventions, particularly the "reminiscence protocol", had the largest significant effect. Discussion: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that in community-dwelling older adults' group psychotherapeutic interventions, particularly the "reminiscence protocol" and "modified behavioral activation treatment" are most effective for reducing depressive symptoms. Individual psychotherapeutic interventions like "prevention of suicide in primary care elderly" and "behavioral activation" also show effectiveness, with group psychotherapeutic interventions being generally more effective than when these treatments are offered in individual psychotherapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Group and individual psychotherapeutic interventions reduce depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults, with group psychotherapeutic interventions being more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This brief commentary critically examines the study "Psychotherapies for the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review" by Crotty et al. (2023) It highlights several methodological and reporting concerns that impact the study's credibility and conclusions. Key issues include the retrospective registration of the study protocol, discrepancies in authorship and protocol content, lack of clarity in inclusion and exclusion criteria, and limitations in geographical scope without clear justification. Furthermore, the letter discusses inconsistencies in the risk of bias and quality of evidence assessments, particularly in the application of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. These methodological shortcomings question the study's findings, contrasting with other comprehensive reviews in the field. The critique emphasizes the importance of methodological rigor and transparency in systematic reviews, especially those influencing clinical practice and policy decisions in mental health care. What is the public health significance of this article?: This critique raises important concerns about the methodological rigor and reporting in systematic reviews on psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder. Ensuring methodological integrity is vital for patient safety and effective treatment planning in clinical practice. Addressing these issues will enhance the credibility of research findings and guide future research, impacting public health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized by a lack of control in opioid use, resulting in psychological distress and deficits in interpersonal and social functioning. OUD is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities that increase the severity of the disorder. The consequences of OUD are dramatic in terms of increased morbi-mortality. Specific medications and psychotherapies are essential tools not only in the treatment of OUD but also in the prevention of suicide and overdoses. In our review, we assess the different types of psychotherapies (counseling, motivational interviewing, contingency management, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and dialectical-behavior therapy) that are delivered to opioid users, either associated or un-associated with OUD medications and/or medications for psychiatric disabilities. We describe the application of these therapies first to adult opioid users and then to adolescents. This work led us to propose a stepped-care model of psychotherapies for OUD which provided information to assist clinicians in decision-making regarding the selection of psychotherapeutic strategies according to patients' OUD severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is the most common personality disorder, affecting 1.8% of the general population, 10% of psychiatric outpatients, and 15%–25% of psychiatric inpatients. Practice guidelines recommend psychotherapies as first-line treatments. However, psychotherapies commonly used for the treatment of BPD are numerous, and little is known about the comparative effectiveness of each individual psychotherapy versus treatment as usual (TAU) or other psychotherapies. To systematically assess the comparative effectiveness of commonly used psychotherapies versus TAU or versus other psychotherapies for BPD treatment. Method: We conducted systematic literature searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and APA PsycINFO up to July 14, 2022, and searched reference lists of pertinent articles and reviews. Inclusion criteria were (a) patients 13 years or older with a diagnosis of BPD, (b) treatment with commonly used psychotherapies, (c) comparison with TAU or another psychotherapy, (d) assessment of relevant BPD-related health outcomes, and (e) randomized or nonrandomized trials or controlled observational studies. Two investigators independently screened abstracts and full-text articles and graded the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Results: We found 25 psychotherapy studies meeting inclusion criteria with data on 2,545 participants. Seventeen studies compared nine psychotherapies with TAU and nine studies compared eight psychotherapies with another psychotherapy for the treatment of BPD. Overall, both TAU and included psychotherapies were effective in treating the severity and symptoms of BPD. Moderate certainty of evidence suggests that systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving is more effective than TAU for the treatment of BPD; low certainty of evidence suggests that dialectical behavior therapy, schema therapy, transference-focused psychotherapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, manual-assisted cognitive therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy are more effective than TAU for treating BPD. We were unable to draw conclusions from head-to-head comparisons of psychotherapies, which were limited to single studies with very low to low certainty of evidence. Conclusions: All commonly used psychotherapies improve BPD severity, symptoms, and functioning. Our assessment found no strong evidence suggesting that any one psychotherapy is more beneficial than another. What is the public health significance of this article?: For clinicians, this work can be used to inform practice guidelines on psychotherapies to treat BPD. For funders, policymakers, and researchers, this work identifies research gaps and opportunities for future research in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a prevalent illness among the elderly, so psychotherapeutic interventions are needed to promote health and quality of life. This literature review aims to identify trials of any psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptoms in older adults. A systematic literature review with a meta-analysis will be carried out. The following databases will be searched: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MedicLatina, MEDLINE with Full Text, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. To minimize bias, four reviewers will independently assess the inclusion of studies. The fifth reviewer will be responsible for disaggregating inclusion and exclusion between two authors. The results of the analysis will be grouped in a table with the characteristics of the included studies, including author, year, sample, objectives, methods, assessment instruments, psychotherapeutic interventions, results, follow-up and a data compilation scheme. This scientific article is a systematic review protocol for which the data has already been extracted and is being analyzed. Examples of possible strategies to include cognitive restructuring and mental health programs for older adults in community settings. With this clear and direct identification of psychotherapeutic interventions, it will be clearer for mental health professionals to be able to intervene effectively to promote the mental health and well-being of older adults.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023449190

Abstract Background Psychotherapy is considered central to the effective treatment of eating disorders—focusing on behavioural, psychological, and social factors that contribute to the illness. Research indicates psychotherapeutic interventions out-perform placebo, waitlist, and/or other treatments; but, outcomes vary with room for major improvement. Thus, this review aims to (1) establish and consolidate knowledge on efficacious eating disorder psychotherapies; (2) highlight select emerging psychotherapeutic interventions; and (3) identify knowledge gaps to better inform future treatment research and development. Methods The current review forms part of a series of Rapid Reviews published in a special issue in the Journal of Eating Disorders to inform the development of the Australian-government-funded National Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031. Three databases were searched for studies published between 2009 and 2023, published in English, and comprising high-level evidence studies (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, moderately sized randomised controlled studies, moderately sized controlled-cohort studies, and population studies). Data pertaining to psychotherapies for eating disorders were synthesised and outlined in the current paper. Results 281 studies met inclusion criteria. Behavioural therapies were most commonly studied, with cognitive-behavioural and family-based therapies being the most researched; and thus, having the largest evidence-base for treating anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Other therapies, such as interpersonal and dialectical behaviour therapies also demonstrated positive treatment outcomes. Emerging evidence supports specific use of Acceptance and Commitment; Integrative Cognitive Affective; Exposure; Mindfulness; and Emotionally-Focused therapies; however further research is needed to determine their efficacy. Similarly, growing support for self-help, group, and computer/internet-based therapeutic modalities was noted. Psychotherapies for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder; other, and unspecified feeding and eating disorders were lacking evidence. Conclusions Currently, clinical practice is largely supported by research indicating that behavioural and cognitive-behavioural psychotherapies are most effective for the treatment of eating disorders. However, the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions varies across studies, highlighting the need for investment and expansion of research into enhanced variants and novel psychotherapies to improve illness outcomes. There is also a pressing need for investigation into the whole range of eating disorder presentations and populations, to determine the most effective interventions.

Background: Psychotherapy is considered central to the effective treatment of eating disorders—focusing on behavioural, psychological, and social factors that contribute to the illness. Research indicates psychotherapeutic interventions out-perform placebo, waitlist, and/or other treatments; but, outcomes vary with room for major improvement. Thus, this review aims to (1) establish and consolidate knowledge on efficacious eating disorder psychotherapies; (2) highlight select emerging psychotherapeutic interventions; and (3) identify knowledge gaps to better inform future treatment research and development. Methods: The current review forms part of a series of Rapid Reviews published in a special issue in the Journal of Eating Disorders to inform the development of the Australian-government-funded National Eating Disorder Research and Translation Strategy 2021–2031. Three databases were searched for studies published between 2009 and 2023, published in English, and comprising high-level evidence studies (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, moderately sized randomised controlled studies, moderately sized controlled-cohort studies, and population studies). Data pertaining to psychotherapies for eating disorders were synthesised and outlined in the current paper. Results: 281 studies met inclusion criteria. Behavioural therapies were most commonly studied, with cognitive-behavioural and family-based therapies being the most researched; and thus, having the largest evidence-base for treating anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Other therapies, such as interpersonal and dialectical behaviour therapies also demonstrated positive treatment outcomes. Emerging evidence supports specific use of Acceptance and Commitment; Integrative Cognitive Affective; Exposure; Mindfulness; and Emotionally-Focused therapies; however further research is needed to determine their efficacy. Similarly, growing support for self-help, group, and computer/internet-based therapeutic modalities was noted. Psychotherapies for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder; other, and unspecified feeding and eating disorders were lacking evidence. Conclusions: Currently, clinical practice is largely supported by research indicating that behavioural and cognitive-behavioural psychotherapies are most effective for the treatment of eating disorders. However, the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions varies across studies, highlighting the need for investment and expansion of research into enhanced variants and novel psychotherapies to improve illness outcomes. There is also a pressing need for investigation into the whole range of eating disorder presentations and populations, to determine the most effective interventions. Plain English Summary: Evaluating the efficacy of treatment options for eating disorders (EDs) is important and necessary to inform both treatment guidelines and clinical practice. However, treatment outcomes in studies, and in clinical practice, can vary widely. Therefore, this review aimed to pool evidence related to a wide range of psychological treatments to help better understand what gaps in treatment need to be addressed. Using a rapid review method, three academic databases were searched, and 281 articles were identified and analysed. Results indicated that cognitive-behavioural approaches had the most evidence for well-defined EDs (such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder). However, little research was found on other types of EDs. There was emerging evidence that provided support for self-help, group, and computer/internet-based therapies. Overall, the findings highlighted that more research is required on novel eating disorder treatments beyond what is currently available and being used as 'gold standard'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence on the long-term comparative effectiveness of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) psychotherapies in adults remains unknown. Therefore, we performed an extensive network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapies for people diagnosed with PTSD. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Cochrane library, Embase, Medline-OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and Psych-Info until March 2021. Studies on the effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy (CPT), cognitive therapy (CT), eye movement desensitisation reprocessing (EMDR), narrative exposure therapy (NET), prolonged exposure (PE), cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), present-centred therapy (PCT), brief eclectic psychotherapies (BEP), psychodynamic therapy (PDT) or combination therapies compared to no treatment (NT) or treatment as usual (TAU) in adults with PTSD were included. Frequentist and Bayesian approaches were used for analysis in R-software. Results: We included 98 RCTs with 5567 participants from 18 897 studies. CPT, EMDR, CT, NET, PE, CBT, and PCT were significant to reduce PTSD symptoms (SMD range: −1.53 to −0.75; Certainty: very low to high) at immediate post-treatment and ranked accordingly. Longitudinal analysis found EMDR (1.02) and CPT (0.85) as the significant therapies with large effect size in short-term and long-term follow-up, respectively. NET and CPT showed higher proportion of loss of PTSD diagnosis (RR range: 5.51–3.45) while there were no significant psychotherapies for retention rate compared to NT. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence for improving current guidelines and informing clinical decision-making for PTSD management. However, the best PTSD treatment plan should be tailored to patients' needs, characteristics, and clinician expertise. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020162143 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Le trouble de la personnalité borderline est un trouble psychiatrique fréquent qui apparaît à l'adolescence. La thérapie comportementale dialectique adaptée aux adolescents (TCD-A) a montré son efficacité dans la prise en charge psychothérapeutique des adolescents souffrant de conduites suicidaires ou d'auto-agressivité associées au trouble de la personnalité borderline. Au travers de notre étude nous avons souhaité explorer la faisabilité et l'acceptabilité, pour des adolescents présentant un TPL diagnostiqué ou des troubles de la régulation des émotions, d'un module TCD intitulé « tolérance à la détresse » proposé sur le mode d'un groupe multi-familles. Pour ce faire nous avons mis en place un groupe multi-familles de six adolescents et de leurs parents. L'acceptabilité et la faisabilité du protocole étaient excellentes. Les témoignages des adolescents et de leurs parents nous apportent des informations précieuses sur l'intérêt d'un tel groupe et sur les améliorations à introduire. La mise en place d'un tel groupe est une première en France et nous souhaitions montrer par notre étude pilote, sa faisabilité, son acceptabilité et ses effets afin de promouvoir son développement et son implémentation dans le contexte pédopsychiatrique français. Borderline personality disorder is a common psychiatric disorder emerging in adolescence. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy adapted to adolescents (DBT-A) has proven to be effective as a psychotherapeutic treatment for adolescents suffering from borderline-related behaviors, such as suicidal or self-aggressive behaviors. In our study, we were interested in exploring the feasibility and acceptability of a DBT-A module entitled "distress tolerance", which reduces borderline-related behaviors in borderline adolescents or undiagnosed adolescents who experience difficulties in regulating their emotions. To do this, we set up a pilot study with one multi-family treatment group of six adolescents and their parents. The treatment was fully accepted by all adolescents and parents with an excellent acceptability. Comments from adolescents and parents gave us valuable information about the great interest of a multi-family treatment group and potential improvements for its implementation. This is the first study exploring a DBT-A multi-family treatment group in France. It highlights its feasibility, acceptability and potential positive effects. Further studies are needed to promote the implementation and development of such interventions in the context of child and adolescent psychiatry in France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We examine deterioration in psychotherapies, as reported in the recent evaluation of the Australian Medicare Better Access initiative. Conclusion: A focus on patients who experience poor clinical outcomes helps programs minimise harm and improve quality of care. The Better Access evaluation found the mental health of 20–40% of patients deteriorated. This may partly explain why population distress and suicide rates were not reduced by the introduction of the Better Access initiative. Deterioration was more likely for milder conditions, and less likely for severe conditions, which also improved the most. Using severity as a criterion for priority setting and resource allocation may minimise patient risk and maximise benefits. Patients with severe conditions may require considerably more sessions than the current average for Better Access psychotherapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The recent debate around the College's Clinical Practice Guidelines on mood disorders have highlighted differences in opinion on interpreting evidence from randomised control trials (RCTs) for psychodynamic psychotherapy. This paper discusses new techniques of synthesising research evidence (e.g., umbrella reviews) that may help minimise disagreements in the interpretation of RCTs and foster greater consensus on treatment guidelines. Conclusions: Findings from the latest umbrella review suggest that psychodynamic therapy is an evidence-based approach, among several, for common mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. There is a growing need to implement evidence-based psychological treatments for women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) who commonly experience stress-related disorders such as anxiety, depression, or suicide risk, as well as altered cortisol reactivity. Objective. 1. To compare the changes in depressive and anxious symptomatology, quality of life, and cortisol reactivity after two different interventions, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT, based on psychological flexibility) or Interpersonal Therapy (IPT, based on empowerment) in women exposed to IPV. 2. To compare the changes in relation to the presence of suicide thoughts. Method. A clinical sample of 50 women (ages 21-74) randomly assigned to attend ACT or IPT, completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires about intimate partner violence, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and measurements of salivary cortisol reactivity (basal, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after a cognitive challenge). We used Generalized Estimating Equation Models for data analysis. Results. There was a significant improvement post-intervention in all variables, regardless of the type of psychotherapy or the presence of suicide thoughts. Before interventions, women that reported suicide thoughts had severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, worse quality of life, and a cortisol hyper-response profile, in contrast to women without suicide thoughts who had moderate symptoms and no cortisol response. Cortisol response to the cognitive test decreased in all women after both therapies. Discussion and conclusion. Although different psychological approach, ACT, and IPT effectively improved mental health, quality of life, and changed cortisol reactivity of women exposed to IPV, including women at suicide risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The development of psychotherapies has been accompanied by assiduous research concerning the evaluation of their effectiveness. Since the major psychotherapeutic models have demonstrated their effectiveness, the focus has shifted to understanding this effectiveness and to identifying factors common to the therapies, such as the therapeutic alliance, which would be predictive of effectiveness (Castonguay, 1993; Norcross & Lambert, 2019; Wampold, 2017). Method: We propose here a review of the literature in order to establish the state of research concerning this new paradigm of common factors that offers an innovative understanding of the therapeutic evolution process. Results and discussion: The therapeutic alliance is defined by the affective bond that develops between the therapist and the patient, as well as the collaboration between the two partners on the definition of the goals and tasks of therapy (Bordin, 1979). This conceptualization of the alliance seems the most relevant, because it positions psychotherapy as a professional act according to a specific methodology (Brennstuhl & Marteau-Chasserieau, 2021). Certain characteristics of the therapist and the patient also have a significant influence on the level of alliance and the outcome of the therapy (Wampold & Brown, 2005). Some therapists are reported to be more effective than their peers and have better outcomes regardless of the therapeutic model used (Baldwin et al., 2007; Wampold, 2001). The common factor paradigm for exploring the processes at work within psycho therapies seems promising and offers a great opportunity for collaboration between clinicians and researchers to understand the effectiveness of psychotherapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate psychotherapies, it is first necessary to understand the path taken and, in particular, the controversy between two models: the so-called medical model and the so-called contextual model. We will ask whether it is possible to envisage a synthesis - almost an agreement - between these two often opposing currents, after highlighting the evolution towards processual approaches. We will take the recent developments in behavioural and cognitive therapies (CBT) as an example, and then consider the particular situation in France, as it seems to us, between psychoanalytic and CBT approaches, and the issues of research on the evaluation of psychotherapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutions are formations of the social field, result of the knotting of the four discourses elaborated by Lacan, as a way of reading the social link. The psychoanalytic clinic “has a basis, that is what one says in a psychoanalysis” Lacan tells us. A priori, there exists a radical antinomy between psychoanalysis and what the institutional world represents, itself put to the test in different clinics. Nevertheless, a connection between these two entities has existed, psychoanalysis had made a place for itself in institutions, a place that today it has lost, perhaps, or is in the process of losing. So how and why recreate the link? The issue is political and ethical, in order to maintain the place of psychoanalysis in all locations where the clinic of the subject appears… Psychoanalysis without a couch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture plays a significant role in psychotherapy practice, with cultural adaptations being implemented more commonly as globalisation and cultural awareness increase. An abundance of systematic reviews, meta-analyses and randomised controlled trials exploring culturally adapted interventions have been published across the globe. In this paper, we present the historical background to cultural adaptation by summarising and evaluating previous frameworks, as well as reviewing current evidence for such adaptations and highlighting routes for further research. Around twenty cultural adaptation frameworks have been published, covering various population demographics and intervention types, providing general guidelines for the implementation of cultural adaptations to psychosocial interventions. Nearly all the frameworks used previous literature and research to develop models on culturally adapted interventions. Some even implemented stakeholder discussions, randomised control trials, and even pilot studies. A variety of cultural adaptation factors have been outlined and discussed; however, there is no agreement on which elements work and which do not. Existing evidence indicates that culturally adapted interventions are effective, regardless of intervention type or population. While cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was the most common intervention in trials, there are, at present, no high-quality comprehensive meta-analyses or systematic reviews on culturally adapted CBT which include all literature on this topic. This is needed in order to provide a holistic and detailed comprehension of where current understanding lies. We conclude our paper with recommendations for researchers, trainers and commissioners. Key learning aims: (1) Current theoretical frameworks guiding the development of culturally adapted frameworks will be outlined. Gaps in current literature will be highlighted. (2) An overview of the current literature of culturally adapted psychotherapies, specifically CBT and its efficacy in improving outcomes for patients, will be provided. (3) The need for culturally adapted CBT and comprehensive guidelines for the development of these interventions will also be discussed, with clinical implications highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dissociation is a psychological process in reaction to threat which can be found in many psychiatric conditions. Dissociative symptoms can become very disabling, whether in daily life or in care. Nevertheless, few studies seem to have examined the efficacy of psychotherapy on the latter and its relevance as a therapeutic target., Method: A systematic review of the literature (PRISMA) on the efficacy of psychotherapy on dissociative symptoms in adults with mental disorders was conducted. Effectiveness was considered in terms of reduction in dissociative symptomatology. The search was conducted on Scopus, PubMed and PsycInfo. Overall, 50 full-text articles were evaluated., Results: Fourteen studies were included in the review. In all, 711 adult subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder or dissociative disorder were included. Overall, this systematic review reports a reduction in dissociative symptoms associated with a variety of psychotherapeutic interventions, without allowing any conclusions to be drawn on the superiority of one psychotherapy over another., Discussion: The conclusions of this work highlight three possible therapeutic orientations for reducing dissociative symptoms: (i) by reintegrating the dynamic subsystems, (ii) by treating the cognitive processes underlying dissociation, and (iii) by acting on the processes identified as common to the effectiveness of psychotherapy., (Copyright © 2024 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Writing Therapy (WT) is defined as a process of investigation about personal thoughts and feelings using the act of writing as an instrument, with the aim of promoting self-healing and personal growth. WT has been integrated in specific psychotherapies with the aim of treating specific mental disorders (PTSD, depression, etc.). More recently, WT has been included in several Positive Interventions (PI) as a useful tool to promote psychological well-being. This narrative review was conducted by searching on scientific databases and analyzing essential studies, academic books and journal articles where writing therapy was applied. The aim of this review is to describe and summarize the use of WT across various psychotherapies, from the traditional applications as expressive writing, or guided autobiography, to the phenomenological-existential approach (Logotherapy) and, more recently, to the use of WT within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Finally, the novel applications of writing techniques from a positive psychology perspective will be analyzed. Accordingly, the applications of WT for promoting forgiveness, gratitude, wisdom and other positive dimensions will be illustrated. The results of this review show that WT yield therapeutic effects on symptoms and distress, but it also promotes psychological well-being. The use of writing can be a standalone treatment or it can be easily integrated as supplement in other therapeutic approaches. This review might help clinician and counsellors to apply the simple instrument of writing to promote insight, healing and well-being in clients, according to their specific clinical needs and therapeutic goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychology is considered to be a scientific discipline, but some of its specialties, such as clinical psychology, have significant difficulties in applying the scientific method, and in transferring the results of experimental research into the professional context. This situation is especially problematic when a multitude of theories fosters the proliferation of numerous treatments, as well as the (erroneous?) idea that all of them work. The confrontation between stances based on the common aspects of psychotherapies and those focused on techniques has opened up a path for pseudotherapies and their expansion, along with the confusion of the general population. This situation takes place within a context in which there was already significant disagreement between science and clinical practice that impacts many professional areas within psychology. The debate about the efficacy and the assumption that all treatments are effective enables the maintaining of a permissive attitude towards the use of any treatment, sometimes even supported by some universities, professional associations, and scientific-professional societies, without restraints on the dissemination of pseudoscientific proposals that have not yet been empirically tested. This work analyzes the current state and discusses some of its most important aspects.

Dans le monde, les technologies sont de plus en plus utilisées en psychothérapies, et plus largement dans le domaine de la santé mentale. Parmi ces technologies, les jeux vidéo et les robots ont donnée lieu à un grand nombre de recherches. Pour autant, ces études ne décrivent pas précisément : d'une part, les modalités d'utilisation de ces technologies dans les dispositifs en psychothérapie ; d'autre part, quel niveau de fonctionnement en psychothérapie (explicite ou implicite) est concerné par ces dispositifs. Cette recherche poursuit donc l'objectif de présenter les principales orientations thérapeutiques de ces dispositifs, tout en les croisant aux niveaux de fonctionnement en psychothérapie. Pour conduire cette revue, nous avons utilisé une perspective qualitative et conceptuelle, en suivant trois étapes clés (définition du périmètre de l'étude, recherche documentaire et analyse de la littérature), et consistant en une intégration des publications organisées d'une manière thématique, et regroupées ensuite par orientation en psychothérapie. D'une part, trois orientations thérapeutiques sont distinguées : l'utilisation des technologies comme des objets thérapeutiques en eux-mêmes (à la manière des serious game) ; l'utilisation de ces technologies pour faciliter l'adhésion, l'alliance et la communication thérapeutiques (« médiation relationnelle » soignant-patient ou psychothérapeute-patient) ; l'utilisation des jeux vidéo et des robots comme des cyber-médiations en psychothérapie (« médiation thérapeutique » psychothérapeute-patient). D'autre part, ces trois orientations ne semblent pas occuper le même espace au sein des deux niveaux de fonctionnement en psychothérapie. La différence entre la première et la troisième orientation semble tenir en la présence systématique ou non du psychothérapeute. Les limites de cette recherche sont nombreuses, la démarche étant essentiellement qualitative et conceptuelle. Des études complémentaires devront être entreprises. Par ailleurs, les limites potentielles de ces utilisations sont soulignées : les études contrôlées et randomisées sont rares, et les publications sans données expérimentales sont parmi les plus courantes. De plus, les données longitudinales font défaut, notamment en ce qui concerne le maintien et la généralisation des résultats dans le temps. Technologies are used increasingly today in psychotherapy and especially in the field of mental health. Among these technologies, video games and robots have given rise to a large amount of research. However, these studies don't describe precisely the modalities of use of these technologies in psychotherapeutic settings, or which, level of functioning in psychotherapy (explicit or implicit) is concerned by these devices. The aim of this research is to highlight the main therapeutic orientations of the devices while crossing them at the levels of functioning in psychotherapy. To conduct this review we used a qualitative and conceptual perspective and followed three key steps (definition of the perimeter of the study, documentary research and analysis of the literature). The literature has been organized in a thematic way and researches have been gathered according to their orientation in psychotherapy. Three therapeutic orientations are distinguished: the use of technologies as therapeutic objects in themselves (in the manner of serious games); the use of these technologies to facilitate adherence, alliance and therapeutic communication ("relational mediation" caregiver-patient or psychotherapist-patient); the use of video games and robots as cyber-mediations in psychotherapy ("therapeutic mediation" psychotherapist-patient). On the other hand, these three orientations do not seem to occupy the same space within the two levels of functioning in psychotherapy. The difference between the first and third orientations seems to be the systematic presence or not of the psychotherapist. The limitations of this research are numerous, the approach being essentially qualitative and conceptual. Further studies should be undertaken. Additionally, the potential limitations of these uses are highlighted: randomized controlled studies are rare and publications without experimental data are among the most common. Also longitudinal data are lacking, particularly with respect to the maintenance and generalization of results over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cet article propose une revue de littérature concernant l'évaluation et l'efficacité des psychothérapies psychanalytiques et de la psychanalyse (PPP). Après avoir proposé une vue d'ensemble de l'évaluation des psychothérapies, nous reprenons les travaux portant sur l'évaluation empirique et quantitative des PPP avant de nous centrer sur leur évaluation qualitative et processuelle. Les résultats des études menées en ce domaine démontrent que les psychothérapies sont efficaces aussi bien sur le court terme que le long terme. Leur efficacité est le plus souvent indépendante de l'obédience théorique du clinicien. En revanche, les facteurs communs comme l'alliance thérapeutique ou les particularités du thérapeute sont des éléments prévalents de même que la durée et la fréquence des psychothérapies. Concernant plus précisément l'évaluation des PPP, celles-ci sont démontrées empiriquement comme étant efficaces pour la plupart des troubles psychiatriques. Plusieurs caractéristiques des PPP sont en outre corrélées de manière significative avec l'efficacité thérapeutique. L'évaluation qualitative et processuelle des PPP apparaît complémentaire à ce premier niveau d'évaluation empirique qui présente plusieurs limites (biais d'allégeance, indistinction des processus, pratiques de recherches questionnables, etc.) mises notamment en évidence par la crise de la reproductibilité. La méthodologie des Essais Contrôlés Randomisés propose une évaluation de surface à laquelle doivent être associées des approches fondées davantage sur la pratique clinique. L'approche du groupe de Boston, l'analyse des processus psychothérapiques par le Psychotherapy Q-Sort (PQS) ainsi que la modélisation du processus de symbolisation par l'École de Lyon sont trois paradigmes de recherche qualitatifs particulièrement riches de ce point de vue. Les PPP sont efficaces pour la plupart des troubles psychiatriques sur le court terme, en fin de thérapie et plusieurs années après celle-ci. Elles engendrent des transformations durables sur le plan des symptômes et de la personnalité. Elles apparaissent souvent plus efficaces que la pharmacothérapie et conduisent à des économies substantielles quand elles sont mises en œuvre dans des services de soin auprès de patients souffrant de pathologies variées. This article proposes a review of the literature concerning the evaluation and the efficacy of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis (PPP). After proposing a global overview of the evaluation of psychotherapy, we sum up the empirical and quantitative evaluation of PPPs before focusing on their qualitative and process-based evaluation. Psychotherapies are very effective both in the short and in the long term. Their effectiveness is largely independent of the clinician's theoretical affiliation. Common factors such as the therapeutic alliance or the particularities of the therapist are prevalent, as are the duration and the frequency of the session throughout the therapy. Concerning more specifically the evaluation of PPPs, they have been empirically demonstrated to be effective for most psychiatric conditions. Several characteristics of PPPs are also specifically correlated with therapeutic effectiveness. Moreover, they produce long-term therapeutic effects, particularly concerning personality and after the end of the therapy. The qualitative and process-based evaluation of PPPs appears complementary to empirical evaluation, the latter suffering from several limitations (allegiance bias, indistinction of processes, questionable research practices, etc.) highlighted in particular by the recent crisis of reproducibility. The methodology of Randomized Controlled Trials should be associated with research based on clinical material. The approach of the Boston group, the analysis of psychotherapeutic processes with the Psychotherapy Q-Sort (PQS) and the modeling of the symbolization processes by the School of Lyon are three qualitative research paradigms that are particularly rich from this point of view. PPPs are effective for most psychiatric disorders in the short term, at the end of the therapy, and for several years afterwards. They generate lasting transformations in terms of the reduction of symptoms and of personality evolution. They often appear to be more effective than pharmacotherapy and lead to substantial savings when they are implemented in health care facilities for patients suffering from a large variety of pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychedelics have shown great promise in modern clinical trials for treating various psychiatric conditions. As a transdiagnostic treatment that exerts its effects through subjective experiences that leave enduring effects, it is akin to psychotherapy. To date, there has been insufficient discussion of how psychedelic therapy is similar to and different from conventional psychotherapy. In this article, we review the shared features of effective conventional psychotherapies and situate therapeutic psychedelic effects within those. We then discuss how psychedelic drug effects might amplify conventional psychotherapeutic processes—particularly via effects on meaning and relationship—as well as features that make psychedelic treatment unique. Taking into account shared features of conventional psychotherapies and unique psychedelic drug effects, we create a framework for understanding why psychedelics are likely to be effective with very diverse types of psychotherapies. We also review the formal psychotherapies that have been adjunctively included in modern psychedelic trials and extend the understanding of psychedelics as psychotherapy towards implications for clinical ethics and trial design. We aim to provide some common conceptual vocabulary that can be used to frame therapeutic psychedelic effects beyond the confines of any one specific modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several decades, hyperactivity and attention disorders in children, has been the subject of unfortunate controversy. Whatever the possible genetic predispositions and other neural, biological and cognitive factors to take into account when looking at the origin of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) we cannot ignore the quest to find a meaning in the symptoms in relation to the mental functioning of the young patient and his or her family and social environment. This quest also puts the disorder back within the history of the subject, what he or she has experienced subjectively. But the establishment of contact with such patients and the therapeutic choices depend on the practitioner's training as well as his or her conscious and unconscious prejudices and possible conflicts of interest. A truly scientific approach calls for undogmatic therapeutic indications, which do not rule out either treatment by medication or by individual or family therapies, or institutional care if necessary, with a view to an individually adapted complementarity, unique to each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: There is an undeniable connection between humans and animals, with the relationship between the two being well documented across the centuries of history and storytelling. METHODS: This article outlines a scoping review of the literature and research exploring the history, efficacy, and currency of animal assisted therapies (AATs) as they have developed in recent decades within human services and social work programmes. FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS: Archaeological research suggests a mutualistic relationship has existed between canines and humans dating back 140,000 years evolving to deepened connections between animals and behaviourally modern humans including 15,000 years of animal domestication. These connections have generated relationships where animals both work for and with humans, assuming diverse roles ranging from service animal to companion pet, from livestock to live entertainment, from symbolic idol to science experiment and, as demonstrated in this article, as co-therapist or therapeutic medium in psychotherapeutic, human services and social work practice processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on a moment in time, 1968, when the revolutionary spirit seized the public will, this article explores the differences in the reception of Lacanian psychoanalysis in the mental health system, contrasting two discourses fifty years apart: then and now. I first present the case of La Borde clinic, a psychiatric institution in Cour-Cheverny, France, which incorporated a Marxist-Lacanian approach in the treatment of those suffering from mental illness. I compare this clinic with current globalized, evidence-based psychotherapies, whose main approach consists of the implementation of cognitive-behavioural modalities that deploy what Lacan calls the “university discourse.” I aim to provide some insight on the critiques and possibilities of these two radically opposed responses to human suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ways of gaining enhanced self understanding have developed in every culture. A modern way of referring to this understanding is insight, defined as the individual's understanding of associations between past and present, typical relationship patterns and their vicissitudes, emotional experiences, and psychological symptoms. This paper explores the similarities and differences among the approaches developed in Europe, the United States, and Asia. An example of evolving changes in psychoanalytic theory and practice in the United States, embodied in the body of work called "self psychology" is described as an illustration of how "western" approaches may be incorporating wisdom from "eastern" practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychotherapies are first-line treatments for most mental disorders, but their absolute outcomes (i.e., response and remission rates) are not well studied, despite the relevance of such information for health care users, providers and policy makers. We aimed to examine absolute and relative outcomes of psychotherapies across eight mental disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD), social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). We used a series of living systematic reviews included in the Metapsy initiative (www.metapsy.org), with a common strategy for literature search, inclusion of studies and extraction of data, and a common format for the analyses. Literature search was conducted in major bibliographical databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials) up to January 1, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials comparing psychotherapies for any of the eight mental disorders, established by a diagnostic interview, with a control group (waitlist, care-as-usual, or pill placebo). We conducted random-effects model pairwise meta-analyses. The main outcome was the absolute rate of response (at least 50% symptom reduction between baseline and post-test) in the treatment and control conditions. Secondary outcomes included the relative risk (RR) of response, and the number needed to treat (NNT). Random-effects meta-analyses of the included 441 trials (33,881 patients) indicated modest response rates for psychotherapies: 0.42 (95% CI: 0.39-0.45) for MDD; 0.38 (95% CI: 0.33-0.43) for PTSD; 0.38 (95% CI: 0.30-0.47) for OCD; 0.38 (95% CI: 0.33-0.43) for panic disorder; 0.36 (95% CI: 0.30-0.42) for GAD; 0.32 (95% CI: 0.29-0.37) for social anxiety disorder; 0.32 (95% CI: 0.23-0.42) for specific phobia; and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.15-0.36) for BPD. Most sensitivity analyses broadly supported these findings. The RRs were significant for all disorders, except BPD. Our conclusion is that most psychotherapies for the eight mental disorders are effective compared with control conditions, but absolute response rates are modest. More effective treatments and interventions for those not responding to a first-line treatment are needed., (© 2024 World Psychiatric Association.)

Abstract Background Psychotherapy and mental health services in Nairobi’s public hospitals are increasing. Rather than prematurely imposing psychotherapy protocols developed in Western countries to Kenya, we argue that first studying psychological interventions as they are practiced may generate understanding of which psychological problems are common, what interventions therapists use, and what seems to be effective in reducing psychiatric problems in a lower and middle income country like Kenya. Method We present preliminary findings from a process-outcome study involving 345 patients from two public institutions, Kenyatta National and Mathare National Hospitals. We asked our patients to fill out a brief personal information questionnaire, Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (Evans et al. in Br J Psychiatry 180:51–60, 2002, and the Session Alliance Inventory (Falkenström et al. in Psychol Assess 27:169–183, 2015) after each session. We present descriptives for CORE-OM, patient-therapist concordance on the SAI, and using longitudinal mixed-effects model, test change in CORE-OM over time with various therapy and patient factors as predictors in regression analyses. Results The majority of patients who attended the outpatient care clinics were young males. Our regression analysis suggested that patients with depression reported higher initial distress levels (2.75 CORE-OM scores, se = 1.11, z = 2.48, p = 0.013, 95% CI 0.57–4.93) than patients with addictions, anxiety, or psychosis. Older clients improved slower (0.08 CORE-OM scores slower improvement per session per year older age; se = 0.03, z = 3.02 p = 0.003, 95% CI 0.03, 0.14). Female patients reported higher initial distress than men (2.62 CORE-OM scores, se = 1.00, z = 2.61, p = 0.009, 95% CI 0.65, 4.58). However, interns had patients who reported significantly higher initial distress (3.24 CORE-OM points, se = 0.90, z = 3.60, p

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Si l'intérêt pour la psychotraumatologie s'est progressivement généralisé au cours de la dernière décennie, faute de repérage diagnostique, de nombreux patients restent sans soins tandis que parallèlement, l'offre de psychothérapies différenciées s'est majorée. Notons également que si les recherches en neurosciences ont explosé en nombre, leurs applications concrètes utiles à la pratique quotidienne semblent plus ténues, notamment au plan pharmacologique. De tels achoppements seraient-ils causés par une prééminence de la référence au « stress » au détriment de la considération du « trauma » ? Au-delà des picrocholines querelles d'écoles, il apparaît aujourd'hui nécessaire de construire une nouvelle phase d'analyse. Nous exposons une revue critique de la littérature de langue anglaise avant de focaliser sur les quelques études francophones existantes. La majorité des études anglophones référencées se rattachent aux protocoles de deux travaux princeps sans que les paradigmes linguistiques en soutenant le design apparaissent très structurés. L'analyse linguistique s'y avère en fait limitée, sans mention des richesses apportées par les écoles de sémantique et de pragmatique. Il apparaît toutefois une lente complexification des méthodes d'analyse textuelle dans le temps. Pour l'espace francophone, seules deux études existent : l'une de Louis Crocq datant des années 1960, et une autre de Ribeton & Auxéméry mettant en évidence le syndrome psycholinguistique post-traumatique (anomie traumatique, répétitions linguistiques et désorganisation discursive). Les troubles psychiques post-traumatiques bénéficient d'un renouveau d'intérêt pour la psychiatrie et la psychologie contemporaines. La densification de la description du trouble de stress post-traumatique dans le DSM-5 pourrait encore se compléter des différentes formes cliniques spécifiques constituant les troubles psychiques post-traumatiques. Aussi, à l'heure où différents protocoles psychothérapeutiques apparaissent concurrents (protocoles comportementaux et cognitifs, traitements par l'hypnose, thérapies par mouvements oculaires, thérapies psychodynamiques, thérapies narratives, etc.), l'analyse de la restauration du langage pourrait permettre d'unifier une conception spécifique du traumatisme psychique et de ses conséquences cliniques. Le paradigme que nous proposons développe la recherche clinique à l'aide de marqueurs psycholinguistiques offrant d'évaluer l'efficacité des psychothérapies. Gradually emerging from the military medicine, interest in psychotraumatology has gradually become widespread over the last decade. Due to societal evolution, the consideration of post-traumatic psychic disorders is developing with psychopathological, neurobiological and even sociological conceptions. However, because of the clinical presentation of the psychic trauma and its clinical consequences, underdiagnosis and late diagnosis remain numerous. These suffering, intense and rich on symptomatic levels, appear most often blind concerning their psychotraumatic origins and therefore, without adapted therapeutic answer. However, many psychotherapeutic protocols have been deployed these last years from many theoretical references (behavioral and cognitive protocols, treatments by hypnosis, eye movement therapies, psychodynamic therapies, narrative therapies, etc.). It should be noted too that while the number of psychotraumatology research has exploded, the concrete evolutions useful for daily practice seem to be more tenuous, particularly in pharmacology. Would such a stumbling be caused by a pre-eminence of the reference to "stress" to the detriment of the consideration of "trauma"? Beyond the quarrels of schools, it now seems necessary to build a new phase of analysis. As it seems to us to constitute clinically what we call a "language injury", the psycholinguistic study appears as a space of heuristic research in order to explain the etiopathogenesis, the clinical presentations, and especially the offer of proposed care to patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. If the linguistic theories have evolved a lot in the last fifty years, sometimes to the point of appearing contradictory, the tools generated today benefit from the development of logician's models and computing power. We present here a critical review of the literature of international works before focusing on the few existing francophone studies. Most referenced Anglophone studies relate to the protocols of two original works without the linguistic paradigms in supporting the design appear obvious. Linguistic analysis in fact turns out to be limited, without mentioning the wealth provided by schools of semantics and pragmatics. However, it appears a slow complexification of textual analysis methods over time. For the francophone space, only two studies exist: one from Louis Crocq dating from the 60s, and another from Ribeton & Auxéméry, more recent and for which we present a more exhaustive reading of the results. Post-traumatic psycholinguistic syndrome is here defined as a function of three symptoms: traumatic anomia, linguistic repetition and disorganised discourse. Traumatic anomia manifests in a quantitative reduction in discourse characterised by a lack of production, impaired verbal flow and lexical poverty. Linguistic repetition takes the form of phonological and syntactic repetition (verbal stereotypes, predilections, intrusions, perseverations and echophrasia). Phrasal and discursive disorganisation is characterised by time discordance, de-subjectivation (via indefinite and impersonal pronominal markers), and disfluency that can extend to agrammatism due to a lack of logical and chronological connectors. In order to better understand the nature and evolution of post-traumatic stress disorder, different language markers could be associated: length of production (number of words, number of letters per word, number of words per sentence, etc.), fields lexical (sensations, negative emotions, themes related to traumatic circumstances, etc.), qualities of language units (referencing to a word, an act, a movement, an idea, a sensation, etc.), syntactic structure (discursive disorganization, textual fragmentation, preeminence and discordance of time, logical inconsistencies, etc.), references to the self and others, capacities for synthesis or expansion of an idea (by dividing access to internal and external details). Ratios can be made, for example between the perceptive and cognitive terms, which would bring closer to the subjectivity. Finally, the notion of quality of transmitted information can be approached. Here, there is little consensus between studies on what is called "disorganization" and its "coherence". The verbal production may be different from the usual speech while keeping an organization of its own, even if it would be pathological and therefore isolated from the normal Gaussian or bimodal. As a rule, textual coherence and disorganization are analyzed from several linguistic markers (possible global understanding by others, adapted spatio-temporal contextuality, time matches, concordance of themes). Finally, the characterization of a single element seems insufficient: it appears necessary to study the links between emerging language markers. The understanding of post-traumatic psychic disorders benefits from a renewed interest in contemporary psychiatry and psychology. The densification of the description of post-traumatic stress disorder in DSM-5 could be further supplemented by the different specific clinical forms of post-traumatic stress disorder. But, for reasons inherent to the psychic injury, the post-traumatic symptoms remain most often marked by ineffability, post-traumatic symptom in itself which limits the diagnostic sensitivity referenced to the psychiatric symptomatology. From the systematic analysis of their discourse, we defined a new clinical approach to psychic injured patients: the post-traumatic psycholinguistic syndrome testifies to an injury of the language. Conversely, towards the care, it is the words which make it possible to be extracted from the revivals. At a time when different psychotherapeutic protocols may be concurrent (behavioral and cognitive protocols, hypnosis, eye movement therapies, psychodynamic and narrative therapies, etc.), the analysis of language restoration could unify a specific view of psychic trauma and its clinical consequences. Thus, while a new clinical model specific to psychic trauma should federate theoretical conceptions, our goal is primarily to better diagnose people suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder in daily practice. Also, the paradigm that we propose will develop research using psycholinguistic markers to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Shanaya Rathod,1 Lina Gega,2 Amy Degnan,3 Jennifer Pikard,4 Tasneem Khan,5 Nusrat Husain,3 Tariq Munshi,4 Farooq Naeem4 1Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; 2Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK; 3Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 4Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada; 5Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada Abstract: In recent years, there has been a steadily increasing recognition of the need to improve the cultural competence of services and cultural adaptation of interventions so that every individual can benefit from evidence-based care. There have been attempts at culturally adapting evidence-based interventions for mental health problems, and a few meta-analyses have been published in this area. This is, however, a much debated subject. Furthermore, there is a lack of a comprehensive review of meta-analyses and literature reviews that provide guidance to policy makers and clinicians. This review summarizes the current meta-analysis literature on culturally adapted interventions for mental health disorders to provide a succinct account of the current state of knowledge in this area, limitations, and guidance for the future research. Keywords: cultural adaptation, interventions, mental illness, meta-analysis, minority ethnic, psychotherapies