522 results on '"Psychophysiologie"'
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2. BHI-Physiologie auf einen Blick
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Catrambone, Vincenzo, Valenza, Gaetano, Catrambone, Vincenzo, and Valenza, Gaetano
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- 2023
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3. Psychophysiologische Reaktionen auf operationalisierte psychoanalytische Deutungen: Eine Pilotstudie.
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Fischer, Maximilian and Buchheim, Anna
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Copyright of Psychotherapie Forum is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
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4. Musiktherapie – eine Herzensangelegenheit?: Systematisches Review zu den Effekten von Musiktherapie auf Herzfrequenz und Herzfrequenzvariabilität
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Gaebel, Christine, Jarczok, Marc N., Schäfer, Anja, Schleicher, Anna, Warth, Marco, and Ditzen, Beate
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- 2023
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5. Development of auditory scene analysis: a mini-review
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Calcus, Axelle and Calcus, Axelle
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Most auditory environments contain multiple sound waves that are mixed before reaching the ears. In such situations, listeners must disentangle individual sounds from the mixture, performing the auditory scene analysis. Analyzing complex auditory scenes relies on listeners ability to segregate acoustic events into different streams, and to selectively attend to the stream of interest. Both segregation and selective attention are known to be challenging for adults with normal hearing, and seem to be even more difficult for children. Here, we review the recent literature on the development of auditory scene analysis, presenting behavioral and neurophysiological results. In short, cognitive and neural mechanisms supporting stream segregation are functional from birth but keep developing until adolescence. Similarly, from 6 months of age, infants can orient their attention toward a target in the presence of distractors. However, selective auditory attention in the presence of interfering streams only reaches maturity in late childhood at the earliest. Methodological limitations are discussed, and a new paradigm is proposed to clarify the relationship between auditory scene analysis and speech perception in noise throughout development., SCOPUS: sh.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2024
6. Étude de l’influence de l’intéroception sur le degré d’empathie chez les étudiants en kinésithérapie
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Congrès International de Kinésithérapie et de Réadaptation - Edition 2024 (16 mars 2024: Bruxelles, Belgique), Michiels, Sabine, Bernard, G., Foucart, Jennifer, Congrès International de Kinésithérapie et de Réadaptation - Edition 2024 (16 mars 2024: Bruxelles, Belgique), Michiels, Sabine, Bernard, G., and Foucart, Jennifer
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La prise en charge médicale est en perpétuelle évolution. Les recherches et les innovations nous apportent de nouvelles médications et de nouveaux moyens de soigner. Parmi ces nouveaux moyens, nous pouvons voir émerger de nouvelles approches centrées sur le patient. Il est cependant extrêmement difficile d’arriver à percevoir ou comprendre tout ce qui a trait aux souffrances de celui-ci.Pour faire face à cela, les praticiens de santé, peuvent recourir à une des facultés qui leur sont innées, l’empathie. Comprendre et reconnaitre les émotions de l’autre en s’identifiant à celui-ci, est une force dans le domaine médical. En effet, il semble que développer une approche thérapeutique empathique favorise la compliance au traitement (Rakel et al. 2009; Hoja et al. 2011).Par conséquent, il est intéressant de se demander comment dispenser un tel traitement ou bien, simplement, comment développer son empathie. Or, il est décrit dans la littérature que l’empathie chute durant les cursus médicaux et paramédicaux (Yucel, 2022; Serrada Tejeda et al. 2022). Et alors que certaines recherches tentent de remédier à ce problème par des méthodes d’enseignement novatrices, d’autres tentent de décrypter les sources de celui-ci.A ce jour, énormément de paramètres ont déjà été décelés ou plutôt ciblés mais bien qu’identifiés, ils sont encore sujets à discussion et à découverte. Un, parmi les plus déterminant, est le « Soi » (Jobling & Alber4, 2022). La connaissance et l’écoute de son propre corps, l’ « intéroception », en fait partie intégrante. Les études du lien entre ce facteur et l’empathie sont récentes et donc peu nombreuses mais elles tendent à suggérer qu’il existe. Une étude récente menée par Raimo et al. (2022), a permis de mettre en évidence que l’attention portée à la représentation des états internes du corps ,pouvait moduler positivement tous les niveaux d’empathie.L’objectif de notre étude a pour but de déterminer si des liens peuvent être établis entre les différentes face, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2024
7. Le corps comme moyen d’expression du traumatisme en Afrique subsaharienne :scoping revieuw
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Congrès International de Kinésithérapie et de Réadaptation - Edition 2024 (16 mars 2024: Bruxelles, Belgique), RUBONEKA CIKURU, Justin, Blavier, A., KAGANDA, P., Foucart, Jennifer, Congrès International de Kinésithérapie et de Réadaptation - Edition 2024 (16 mars 2024: Bruxelles, Belgique), RUBONEKA CIKURU, Justin, Blavier, A., KAGANDA, P., and Foucart, Jennifer
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Depuis plusieurs décennies, les Etats Africains ont dû faire face à des guerres répétées. Ces violences constituent des évènementspotentiellement traumatiques qui impactent le psychisme et le corps des victimes [1]. Celles-ci conduisent à différentes formes des blessures physiques ou psychiques qui peuvent engendrer un trouble de stress post traumatique (TSPT). Les souvenirs traumatiques réactivés prennent dès lors la forme d’une intrusion et des sensations corporelles signalant la présence de danger même dans des situations paisibles [2]. Le but de cette scoping review est de mettre en exergue la question de l’expression traumatique en Afrique subsaharienne., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2024
8. Effets de la guerre en République Démocratique Du Congo sur le développement psychomoteur des enfants.
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Congrès International de Kinésithérapie et de Réadaptation - Edition 2024 (16 mars 2024: Bruxelles, Belgique), Ngoie Musasa, Joëlle, Michiels, Sabine, KAGANDA, P., Blavier, A., Foucart, Jennifer, Congrès International de Kinésithérapie et de Réadaptation - Edition 2024 (16 mars 2024: Bruxelles, Belgique), Ngoie Musasa, Joëlle, Michiels, Sabine, KAGANDA, P., Blavier, A., and Foucart, Jennifer
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La République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) est confrontée à une crise prolongée caractérisée par des conflits armés, ayant des conséquences dévastatrices sur sa population, en particulier sur les enfants. Ces derniers subissent des traumatismes psychiques et physiques, qui affectent leur développement psychomoteur (Bihabwa Mahano et al. 2019). Les traumatismes affectent, plus particulièrement, leur capacité à réguler leurs émotions, leur communication, et leur coordination motrice.Le corps des enfants traumatisés est vécu comme une souffrance, entrainant une désorganisation motrice qui altère leur qualité de vie (Mestre, 2021). Afin de surmonter les traumatismes et développer leur résilience, les enfants ont besoin de soutien. Cependant, dans le contexte des traumatismes de guerre en RDC, les enfants sont souvent isolés de leur famille et communauté, ce qui aggrave leur traumatisme. De ce fait, il est essentiel de mener des recherches approfondies sur l’impact de ces traumatismes de guerre sur le développement psychomoteur des enfants en RDC., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2024
9. Enquête sur l’influence des réseaux sociaux sur l’image du corps des jeunes de 18 à 35 ans. Comparaison entre différents groupes cibles :danseurs, mannequins et sédentaires.
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Congrès International de Kinésithérapie et de Réadaptation - Edition 2024 (16 mars 2024: Bruxelles, Belgique), Boscic, Klara, Noel, Josephine, Evers, Luc, Foucart, Jennifer, Congrès International de Kinésithérapie et de Réadaptation - Edition 2024 (16 mars 2024: Bruxelles, Belgique), Boscic, Klara, Noel, Josephine, Evers, Luc, and Foucart, Jennifer
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L’omniprésence des réseaux sociaux amène de nombreux débats. Avec ces milliards de consommateurs, les réseaux sociaux sont devenus un sujet géopolitique et de santé publique majeur. La littérature scienti!que nous informe que l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux a une in"uence négative sur l’image du corps, particulièrement sur les plateformes avec une publication massive de photos présentant une certaine esthétique corporelle1,2. En parallèle, les danseurs et les mannequins sont souvent cités comme groupes à risque face aux développements des troubles de l’image du corps3,4. Cependant, peu de recherches questionnent la mise en avant de ces groupes à risque. En e, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2024
10. A construct-first approach to consciousness science
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Fazekas, Peter, Cleeremans, Axel, Overgaard, Morten, Fazekas, Peter, Cleeremans, Axel, and Overgaard, Morten
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We propose a new approach to consciousness science that instead of comparing complex theoretical positions deconstructs existing theories, takes their central assumptions while disregarding their auxiliary hypotheses, and focuses its investigations on the main constructs that these central assumptions rely on (like global workspace, recurrent processing, metarepresentation). Studying how these main constructs are anchored in lower-level constructs characterizing underlying neural processing will not just offer an alternative to theory comparisons but will also take us one step closer to empirical resolutions. Moreover, exploring the compatibility and possible combinations of the lower-level constructs will allow for new theoretical syntheses. This construct-first approach will improve our ability to understand the commitments of existing theories and pave the way for moving beyond them., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2024
11. Tests for consciousness in humans and beyond
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Bayne, Tim, Seth, Anil K, Massimini, Marcello, Shepherd, Joshua, Cleeremans, Axel, Fleming, Stephen S.M., Malach, Rafael, Mattingley, Jason J.B., Menon, David Krishna, Owen, Adrian Mark, Peters, Megan M.A.K., Razi, Adeel, Mudrik, Liad, Bayne, Tim, Seth, Anil K, Massimini, Marcello, Shepherd, Joshua, Cleeremans, Axel, Fleming, Stephen S.M., Malach, Rafael, Mattingley, Jason J.B., Menon, David Krishna, Owen, Adrian Mark, Peters, Megan M.A.K., Razi, Adeel, and Mudrik, Liad
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Which systems/organisms are conscious? New tests for consciousness (‘C-tests’) are urgently needed. There is persisting uncertainty about when consciousness arises in human development, when it is lost due to neurological disorders and brain injury, and how it is distributed in nonhuman species. This need is amplified by recent and rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI), neural organoids, and xenobot technology. Although a number of C-tests have been proposed in recent years, most are of limited use, and currently we have no C-tests for many of the populations for which they are most critical. Here, we identify challenges facing any attempt to develop C-tests, propose a multidimensional classification of such tests, and identify strategies that might be used to validate them., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2024
12. Adapting psychophysiological data collection for COVID‐19: The "Virtual Assessment" model.
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Tabachnick, Alexandra R., Sellers, Tabitha, Margolis, Emma, Labella, Madelyn, Neff, Dylan, Crowell, Sheila, Raby, K. Lee, Saenz, Celine, Conradt, Elisabeth, and Dozier, Mary
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AUTONOMIC nervous system , *PARENT-child relationships , *COVID-19 , *ACQUISITION of data , *COVID-19 pandemic , *INFANT health - Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly disrupted research activities globally. Researchers need safe and creative procedures to resume data collection, particularly for projects evaluating infant mental health interventions. Remote research is uniquely challenging for psychophysiological data collection, which typically requires close contact between researchers and participants as well as technical equipment frequently located in laboratory settings. In accordance with public health guidance, we adapted procedures and developed novel protocols for a "virtual assessment" in which women and infants provided behavioral and psychophysiological data from their own homes while researchers coordinated remotely. Data collected at virtual visits included video‐recorded parent–child interactions and autonomic nervous system data. Adaptations were designed to optimize safety and data quality while minimizing participant burden. In the current paper, we describe these adaptations and present data evaluating their success across two sites in the United States (University of Delaware and University of Utah), focusing specifically on autonomic nervous system data collected during the well‐validated Still‐Face Paradigm (SFP). We also discuss advantages and challenges of translating traditional lab procedures into the virtual assessment model. Ultimately, we hope that disseminating these procedures will help other researchers resume safe data collection related to infant mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. Beschreibung und Evaluation eines Manuals für Herzratenvariabilitäts-Biofeedback bei der somatischen Belastungsstörung.
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Klewinghaus, Laura and Martin, Alexandra
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ROOT-mean-squares , *STANDARD deviations - Abstract
Hintergrund: Herzratenvariabilitäts-Biofeedback (HRV-BF) zeigt erste Wirksamkeitshinweise bei Depressionen, Angststörungen oder funktionellen somatischen Syndromen. Bei der somatischen Belastungsstörung (SBS) stehen diese noch aus. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, eine neu entwi-ckelte HRV-BF-Kurzintervention vorzustellen und die HRV detailliert zu analysieren sowie die Anwendbarkeit und Ak-zeptanz bei der SBS zu überprüfen. Methoden: Analysiert wurden hier die Daten der Teilstichprobe einer randomisiert kontrollierten Pilotstudie (22 Personen mit SBS nach DSM-5), die ein HRV-BF über 4 Sitzungen erhielt. Erhoben wurden die HRV (SDNN: "standard deviation of the NN interval", RMSSD: "root mean square of successive differences between NN interval", LF: "low frequency"), die Bewertung und Akzeptanz der Intervention auf subjektiver Ebene. Ergebnisse: HRV-Analysen innerhalb der Therapiesitzungen zeigten, dass die Personen lernten, ihre HRV signifikant während der Biofeedbackeinheiten zu erhöhen und diese in Selbstregulationsphasen ohne Feedback aufrechtzuerhalten (SDNN, RMSSD, LF: 5,7 ≤ Ft ≤ 11,1). Zudem zeigte sich eine Verbesserung der HRV über die Sitzungen hinweg (SDNN). Die Intervention wurde durch die Mehrheit der Teilnehmer*innen sehr positiv bewertet (u.a. Zufriedenheit, Verbesserung der Stimmung und des körperlichen Befindens). Schlussfolgerungen: HRV-BF kann in 4 Sitzungen gut erlernt werden und zeigt positive Effekte bei Patient*innen mit SBS. Die Hinzunahme des HRV-BF zu bestehenden Interventionen, z.B. Psychotherapie, scheint vielversprechend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. Emociones: Una perspectiva desde la psicología evolucionista.
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Squillace Louhau, Mario R., Menéndez, Javier A., and Ferreres, Aldo R.
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PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY , *EVOLUTIONARY psychology , *EMOTIONS , *GUILT (Psychology) , *AVERSION , *SHAME - Abstract
This work aims to review the study of emotions from evolutionary psychology. The article is critical of the first evolutionary approach of emotions and their explanatory limitations. The current evolutionary model proposed here that is not limited itself to emotions that have a communicative function or does not seek to find the same emotions in all species. The authors have answered two types of questions for such an approach. On the one hand, the why: to understand which problems were solved stemming from a particular emotion. On the other hand, the how: to understand the psychophysiological mechanisms and the neural regions involved in a particular emotion. Emotions relevant to psychology were addressed, such as: disgust, liking, search for novelty, fear, aggression, happiness, sadness, guilt and shame. It was concluded that what emotions have in common is being fast coordinators of the other information processing mechanisms. That is why emotions occupy a central place in behavior and cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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15. Einsatz von Maschinellem Lernen für die Vorhersage von Stress am Beispiel der Logistik.
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Foot, Hermann, Mättig, Benedikt, Fiolka, Michael, Grylewicz, Tim, ten Hompel, Michael, and Kretschmer, Veronika
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MACHINE learning ,PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY ,DETECTORS - Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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16. Physical fitness modulates mucosal immunity and acceleration capacity during a short-term training period in elite youth basketball players.
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Valvassori, R., Saldanha Aoki, M., Conte, D., Drago, G., and Moreira, A.
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PHYSICAL fitness , *ACCELERATION (Mechanics) , *BASKETBALL players , *ATHLETES , *PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of physical fitness level (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 [Yo-Yo IR 1]) and initial stress level (salivary cortisol [SC]) on salivary immunoglobulin A secretion rate (SIgA rate), and the influence of physical fitness on accelerations (external training load; eTL) and training impulse (TRIMP; internal training load; iTL), in 20 elite youth male basketball players (14.5 ± 0.5 years; height, 177 ± 10 cm; body mass, 69 ± 13 kg) following a short-term training stress (two daily consecutive basketball-training sessions). Saliva samples were collected before and after the experimental period. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using the Yo-Yo IR 1 and SC as independent variables, and changes in SIgA rate as dependent variable. The Yo-Yo IR 1 was the only statistically significant variable (R = 0.73; P = 0.001). Participants were divided a posteriori into high fitness (HFG) and low fitness (LFG) groups according to the median-split technique, taking the Yo-Yo IR 1 performance into account, to compare the eTL and iTL. HFG performed a higher total eTL (34 ± 13 vs. 17 ± 7 accelerations; t = 3.4; P = 0.003) but no difference between fitness groups was observed for TRIMP (t = 0.33; P = 0.74). The results suggest that physical fitness level may play a role on mucosal immunity responses from short-term training stress in youth basketball players. Players with greater level of physical fitness are likely to perform a higher training load without inducing higher stress levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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17. Former aux défis de la première ligne
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Lecocq, Dan, Kirkove, Delphine, D'Ans, Pierre, Petre, Benoît B., Foucart, Jennifer, Mahieu, Céline, Lecocq, Dan, Kirkove, Delphine, D'Ans, Pierre, Petre, Benoît B., Foucart, Jennifer, and Mahieu, Céline
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
18. Case report: the effects of cerebellar tDCS in bilingual post-stroke aphasia
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Coemans, Silke, Struys, Esli, Tsapkini, Kyrana, Paquier, Philippe, Vandenborre, Dorien, Keulen, Stefanie, Coemans, Silke, Struys, Esli, Tsapkini, Kyrana, Paquier, Philippe, Vandenborre, Dorien, and Keulen, Stefanie
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation may be a useful neuromodulation tool for enhancing the effects of speech and language therapy in people with aphasia, but research so far has focused on monolinguals. We present the effects of 9 sessions of anodal cerebellar tDCS (ctDCS) coupled with language therapy in a bilingual patient with chronic post-stroke aphasia caused by left frontal ischemia, in a double-blind, sham-controlled within-subject design. Language therapy was provided in his second language (L2). Both sham and anodal treatment improved trained picture naming in the treated language (L2), while anodal ctDCS in addition improved picture naming of untrained items in L2 and his first language, L1. Picture description improved in L2 and L1 after anodal ctDCS, but not after sham., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2023
19. Physiologische Ansätze der Wirkungsmessung
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Fahr, Andreas, Schweiger, Wolfgang, editor, and Fahr, Andreas, editor
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- 2013
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20. Die Relevanz emotionalen Lernens als Mechanismus für die Entstehung und Behandlung der Sozialen Angststörung
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Seinsche, Rosa Johanna and Justus Liebig University Giessen
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Psychophysiologie ,Imagery Rescripting ,ddc:150 ,Autobiografische Erinnerungen ,Emotionales Lernen ,Soziale Angststörung - Abstract
Zusammenfassend weist dieses Dissertationsprojekt auf die Bedeutung emotionaler Lernprozesse in Zusammenhang mit sozial bedrohlichen Erlebnissen für die Entstehung der Sozialen Angststörung (SAD) sowie deren Veränderung durch die psychotherapeutische Intervention Imagery Rescripting hin. Es wurde vermutet, dass sozial bedrohliche Erlebnisse ähnlich traumatischer Erfahrungen bei der PTBS ungünstig verarbeitet sowie im Gedächtnis eingespeichert werden und so im weiteren Verlauf posttraumatische Stresssymptome hervorrufen, die schließlich die Symptomatik der SAD weiter fördern (z. B. Hackmann et al., 1998; Hackmann et al., 2000; Norton & Abbott, 2017a; siehe Abbildung 1). Die in diesem Dissertationsprojekt dargestellten Befunde unterstützen diese Vermutungen. Eine stärkere emotionale Aktivierung der Erinnerung sowie stärkere posttraumatische Stresssymptome bei PatientInnen mit SAD weisen auf eine ungünstige Repräsentation der sozial bedrohlichen Erlebnisse im Gedächtnis hin. Diese könnte ein Resultat dysfunktionaler Verarbeitungsstrategien nach den Erlebnissen darstellen, die Personen mit stärkeren sozialen Ängsten retrospektiv vermehrt berichten. Die Anwendung von Erkenntnissen hinsichtlich ätiologischer Bedingungen für die Entstehung der Symptomatik psychischer Erkrankungen könnte die Entwicklung psychotherapeutischer Interventionen noch weiter verbessern. Tatsächlich wird der Bedeutung sozial bedrohlicher Erinnerungen bereits in Form psychotherapeutischer Interventionen wie Imagery Rescripting Rechnung getragen (z. B. Wild et al., 2007, 2008). Es wird vermutet, dass die Intervention zu einer Veränderung der emotionalen Bedeutung bzw. Repräsentation der sozial bedrohlichen Erinnerung im Gedächtnis führt, die schließlich in einer Reduktion der posttraumatischen Stresssymptome und Symptome der SAD resultieren könnte (z. B. Arntz, 2011; siehe Abbildung 1). Entsprechend zeigte sich im Rahmen dieses Dissertationsprojektes bei gesunden Personen eine Veränderung des emotionalen Erlebens der Imagery Rescripting Intervention, die auf eine Veränderung der Repräsentation der Erinnerung im Gedächtnis hinweisen könnte. Zukünftige Studien sollten den Zusammenhang zwischen ätiologischen Bedingungen, der aktuellen Symptomatik sowie Veränderungen dieser durch psychotherapeutische Interventionen in Längsschnittstudien noch weiter beleuchten.
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- 2023
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21. OUBLIER DESCARTES ? LES PASSIONS DE L 'ÂME ET LES THÉORIES MODERNES DES ÉMOTIONS.
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KAMBOUCHNER, DENIS
- Abstract
The reference to Descartes in modern scientific literature on emotions is either missing or negative. And yet, one can show that the theories of emotions laid out by William James in the 1890 ' or by Antonio Damasio one century later are to a great extent neo-Cartesian: it is Descartes who first construed the passions of the soul as the expressions of a "body landscape" and of a bodily reaction to certain impressions or stimuli. One can also show that Descartes' account deals with the complexity of the affective life, and of the passion itself as a special kind of thought, in a more resolute way than a number of modern approaches do. On both planes, the disdain and caricature of the Cartesian legacy appear regrettable and unjustified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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22. A New Psychophysical Approach in Contemporary Theater Pedagogy
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Ruggieri (Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza – Roma, Itália), Vezio and Walter (Associazione Psicofisiologi Clinici per l’Integrazione Sociale – Roma, Itália), Lea
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Emotion ,Postura ,Psychophysiologie ,Imaginação ,Posture ,Prosodie ,Prosody ,Imagination ,Psicofisiologia ,Prosódia ,Emoção ,Émotion ,Psychophysiology - Abstract
This article aims at presenting how the contributions of the bio-existentialist psychophysiological model conceptualized by Vezio Ruggieri and his collaborators can bring a new light on some core elements underlying acting such as stage presence, identification process with a character and the complex mechanism of prosody. This theoretical mark, which sees the connection body-mind in a circular relation, will enlighten the reader on the physiological basis of perception and imagination as well as on the fundamental role that the muscular structure plays within the construction of these phenomena., Cet article a pour but de présenter comment les apports du modèle psychophysiologique bio-existentialiste élaboré par Vezio Ruggieri et ses collaborateurs peuvent jeter une lumière nouvelle sur les processus sous-jacents le jeu de l’acteur tels que la présence scénique, le processus d’identification avec un personnage et le complexe mécanisme de la prosodie. Cet encadrement théorique, qui voit le rapport corps-esprit dans une relation circulaire, éclairera le lecteur sur les bases physiologiques de la perception et de l’imagination ainsi que sur le rôle fondamental que la structure musculaire joue dans la construction de ces phénomènes., Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a forma como as contribuições do modelo psicofisiológico bioexistencialista desenvolvido por Vezio Ruggieri e seus colaboradores podem trazer uma nova compreensão sobre os processos subjacentes do jogo do ator, como a presença cênica, o processo de identificação com um personagem e o mecanismo complexo da prosódia. Esse contexto teórico, que considera a conexão corpo-mente como uma relação circular, esclarece ao leitor as bases fisiológicas da percepção e da imaginação, bem como o papel fundamental que a estrutura muscular desempenha na construção desses fenômenos.
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- 2022
23. Are graphemic effects real in skilled visual word recognition?
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Fabienne Chetail
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Linguistics and Language ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Grapheme ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,computer.software_genre ,050105 experimental psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,Task (project management) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Graphemic effect ,0302 clinical medicine ,Artificial Intelligence ,Reading (process) ,Perception ,Lexical decision task ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Neuropsychologie ,media_common ,Visual word recognition ,Lettres ,Interpretation (logic) ,Psychophysiologie ,Graphemes ,business.industry ,Sociolinguistique ,05 social sciences ,Psychologie expérimentale ,Intelligence artificielle ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Psychology ,computer ,Psychologie cognitive ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Word (computer architecture) ,Natural language processing - Abstract
In the last decades, repeated evidence for graphemic effects has been reported in skilled readers. For example, a letter is more easily detected in a word when it corresponds to a simple grapheme (e.g. A in PLACE) than when it is embedded in a complex one (e.g. A in BEACH). Such effects have been taken as a demonstration that graphemes are processed as perceptual units by the reading system. However, this conclusion has been recently challenged by studies using different experimental designs. In the present study, we used four experimental situations to get a clearer picture of the reliability of graphemic effects. We used four types of tasks: letter detection (Experiment 1), length estimation (Experiment 2), mixing case lexical decision (Experiment 3), and primed lexical decision (Experiments 4 and 5). In each task, the processing of words with complex graphemes (e.g. BEACH) was compared to the processing of words with simple graphemes (e.g. PLACE). Overall, we found no reliable grapheme effect, supporting the claim that graphemes are not perceptual units in skilled visual word recognition. An alternative interpretation of ‘grapheme effects’ previously reported with the letter detection task is discussed., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
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24. Einsatz von Maschinellem Lernen für die Vorhersage von Stress am Beispiel der Logistik
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Hermann Foot, Veronika Kretschmer, Benedikt Mättig, Michael ten Hompel, Tim Grylewicz, Michael Fiolka, and Publica
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychophysiologie ,Sensortechnik ,Sensor technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Ship Coating ,Stress ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,flow channel ,Break management ,Political science ,Friction Reducing ,Wissenschaftliche Beiträge ,Machine learning ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,velocity profile ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Pausenmanagement ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Maschinelles Lernen ,Psychophysiology - Abstract
ZusammenfassungStress und seine komplexen Wirkungen werden bereits seit Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts erforscht. Die vielfältigen psychischen und physischen Stressoren in der Arbeitswelt können in Summe zu Störungen des Organismus und zu Erkrankungen führen. Da die Ausprägung körperlicher und subjektiver Folgen von Stress individuell unterschiedlich ist, lassen sich keine absoluten Grenzwerte ermitteln. Zur Erforschung der systematischen Mustererkennung physiologischer und subjektiver Stressparameter sowie einer Stressvorhersage, werden in dem vorliegenden Beitrag Methoden des maschinellen Lernens (ML) eingesetzt. Als praktischer Anwendungsfall dient die Logistikbranche, in der Belastungsfaktoren häufig in der Tätigkeit und der Arbeitsorganisation begründet liegen. Ein Gestaltungselement bei der Prävention von Stress ist die Arbeitspause. Mit ML-Methoden wird untersucht, inwieweit Stress auf Basis physiologischer und subjektiver Parameter vorhergesagt werden kann, um Pausen individuell zu empfehlen. Im Beitrag wird der Zwischenstand einer Softwarelösung für ein dynamisches Pausenmanagement für die Logistik vorgestellt.Praktische Relevanz: Das Ziel der Softwarelösung „Dynamische Pause“ besteht darin, Stress in Folge mentaler und physischer Belastungsfaktoren in der Logistik präventiv vorzubeugen und die Beschäftigten auf lange Sicht gesund, zufrieden, arbeitsfähig und produktiv zu halten. Infolge individualisierter Erholungspausen als Gestaltungselement, können Unternehmen unterstützt werden, Personalressourcen entsprechend der dynamischen Anforderungen der Logistik flexibler einzusetzen.
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- 2021
25. EEG microstates reflect large brain networks dynamics underlying mindfulness state and traits.
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50 Years of microstates, Zarka, David, 50 Years of microstates, and Zarka, David
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info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2022
26. Validity of the Empatica E4 wristband to estimate resting-state heart rate variability in a lab-based context
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Stuyck, Hans, Dalla Costa, Leonardo, Cleeremans, Axel, Van den Bussche, Eva, Stuyck, Hans, Dalla Costa, Leonardo, Cleeremans, Axel, and Van den Bussche, Eva
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
27. Evaluation de l’efficacité d’une simulation humaine sur le développement du sentiment d’auto-efficacité en communication d’apprenants en formation initiale dans le domaine des soins de santé
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10ème Congrès de la SoFraSims (22-24 juin 2022: Université Claude Bernard / Lyon), Foucart, Jennifer, Ghoul, Anisa AG, Jaquet, M., 10ème Congrès de la SoFraSims (22-24 juin 2022: Université Claude Bernard / Lyon), Foucart, Jennifer, Ghoul, Anisa AG, and Jaquet, M.
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2022
28. Learning new words by reading books: Does semantic information help?
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Smejkalova, Anezka, Chetail, Fabienne, Smejkalova, Anezka, and Chetail, Fabienne
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Encountering new words during reading is a common experience of any adult reader and it constitutes an important source of word knowledge. Despite the ubiquity of this phenomenon, studies remain scarce in adults. Here, we addressed new word acquisition in adults using a natural contextual exposure, and we focused on the influence of context informativeness on orthographic learning. Indeed, previous studies suggest that the availability of semantic information plays an important role in orthographic learning in adults, but no such advantage was found in children. We hypothesised that this discrepancy comes from the fact that new word learning was examined almost only through artificial settings in adults. On the contrary, in the present study, adult participants were exposed to new words by reading a book. Half of the new words were embedded in informative contexts (easy to infer new word meaning) and the other half in less informative contexts. Both recall and recognition tasks were used to assess orthographic and semantic learning. The results showed efficient learning of the orthographic form and no reliable effect of the context informativeness. Regarding semantic learning, we found that if a word was correctly spelled, its definition was more likely to be retrieved. This shows that the orthographic and semantic dimensions of a word co-occurring in context are likely to influence each other during lexical acquisition. More generally, the present experiment showed that using an ecological learning design is essential to understand the mechanism of new word learning., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
29. Contribution à l’étude des dynamiques oscillatoires (EEG) du contrôle attentionnel sensori-moteur: du déficit d’attention avec/sans hyperactivité (ADHD) à la méditation de pleine conscience (Mindfulness)
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Bengoetxea, Ana, Chéron, Guy, Cebolla Alvarez, Ana Maria, Oswald, Pierre, Bazan, Ariane, Ramos Murguialday, Ander, Zarka, David, Bengoetxea, Ana, Chéron, Guy, Cebolla Alvarez, Ana Maria, Oswald, Pierre, Bazan, Ariane, Ramos Murguialday, Ander, and Zarka, David
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L’une des caractéristiques essentielles qui différentie les espèces animales des végétales concerne leur capacité à se déplacer dans l’espace. Il apparaît ainsi que la motricité conditionne le développement des cognitions. A cet égard, la présente thèse débute par une triple constatation :(1) celle d’abord, d’une subordination de l’attention à l’action, (2) celle, ensuite, d’un rapport intime entre le contrôle attentionnel et le contrôle sensorimoteur passant par l’exercice même d’une attention soutenue, (3) celle enfin d’un second rapport (inverse) entre le contrôle attentionnel et le contrôle sensorimoteur passant cette fois-ci par l’exercice d’une forme d’immobilité. Au travers de travaux portant sur l’électrophysiologie cérébrale dans différentes conditions d’attention ‒ l’observation de l’action, le déficit d’attention (avec ou sans hyperactivité), et la méditation de pleine conscience ‒ la présente thèse vise à contribuer à la mise en évidence des dynamiques cérébrales qui sous-tendent le contrôle attentionnel et les modalités par lesquelles l’exercice de ce contrôle peut, en retour, moduler les activités procédurales du cerveau. Après un examen détaillé des propriétés fondamentales de l’attention, des principes généraux de l’électroencéphalogramme, et des corrélats neuronaux qui sous-tendent le contrôle attentionnel, nous nous sommes attachés à mettre en évidence les dynamiques oscillatoires associées à l’attention visuelle. Il s’agissait du point de vue expérimental, de distinguer les différentes composantes fonctionnelles (visuelle, attentionnelle, sensorimotrice) des rythmes cérébraux en modifiant l’information visuelle (une animation de la marche) soumise passivement à l’attention du sujet. Fort de cette première lecture, nous avons ensuite exploré la dynamique cérébrale d’enfants présentant un déficit d'attention (avec/sans hyperactivité, ADHD) lors d'une tâche d'attention/inhibition (Cue-GO/NoGO). Nous avons mis en évidence des altérations des dynamique, One of the essential characteristics that differentiate animal and plant species is their ability to move in space. It thus appears that motor skills condition the development of cognition. In this respect, the present thesis begins with a triple observation, that: (1) attention is subordinated to action, (2) there is an intimate relationship between attentional control and sensorimotor control through the exercise of sustained attention, and (3) there is a second (inverse) relationship between attentional control and sensorimotor control through the exercise of stillness. Through work on brain electrophysiology in different attentional conditions - action observation, attention deficit (with or without hyperactivity), and mindfulness meditation - the present thesis aims to contribute to the identification of brain dynamics underlying attentional control and the ways in which the exercise of this control can, in turn, modulate the brain's procedural activities. After a detailed review of the fundamental properties of attention, the general principles of electroencephalogram, and the neural correlates underlying attentional control, we preliminarily focused on the oscillatory dynamics associated with visual attention. From an experimental point of view, the aim was to distinguish the different functional components (visual, attentional, sensorimotor) of the brain rhythms by modifying the visual information (an animation of walking) passively submitted to the subject's attention. On this basis, we next explored brain dynamics in children with attention deficit (with/without hyperactivity, ADHD) during an attention/inhibition task (Cue-GO/NoGO). We showed an alteration of the rhythms linked to the processing of visual information. From a neuroanatomical point of view, our data indicated that this deficit would be based on an imbalance between the two fronto-parietal attention systems, ventral-medial and dorso-lateral, which could make these children more sensitive to t, Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2022
30. Gestion des motivations et performances sportives
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Gestion des motivations et performances sportives (7/11/2022: Bujumbura (Burundi)), Foucart, Jennifer, Gestion des motivations et performances sportives (7/11/2022: Bujumbura (Burundi)), and Foucart, Jennifer
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info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2022
31. Etude de la variation de la contingence négative dans un contexte de Burnout
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Congrès International de Kinésithérapie et de Réadaptation Edition 2022 (12 mars 2022: Hôpital Erasme / Bruxelles), SEYNHAEVE, Bastien B., BERGUA, A., Verbanck, Paul, Clarinval, Anne-Marie, Foucart, Jennifer, Congrès International de Kinésithérapie et de Réadaptation Edition 2022 (12 mars 2022: Hôpital Erasme / Bruxelles), SEYNHAEVE, Bastien B., BERGUA, A., Verbanck, Paul, Clarinval, Anne-Marie, and Foucart, Jennifer
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info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
32. Intact Error-Related Negativity at the Start of a Three-Week Detoxification Program Reflects a Short-Term Protective Factor Against Relapse in Alcoholic Patients: Some Preliminary Evidence from a Follow-up Event-Related Potentials Study
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Dousset, Clémence, Schroder, Elisa, Ingels, Anais, Kajosch, Hendrik, Hanak, Catherine, Veeser, Johannes, Amiot, Maud, Kornreich, Charles, Campanella, Salvatore, Dousset, Clémence, Schroder, Elisa, Ingels, Anais, Kajosch, Hendrik, Hanak, Catherine, Veeser, Johannes, Amiot, Maud, Kornreich, Charles, and Campanella, Salvatore
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SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2022
33. Psychophysiological indicators of fatigue in soccer players: A systematic review.
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Polito, L.F.T., Jr.Figueira, A.J., Miranda, M.L.J., Chtourou, H., Miranda, J.M., and Brandão, M.R.F.
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PSYCHOSOMATIC disorders , *SOCCER players , *SOCCER & psychology , *SOCCER , *FATIGUE (Physiology) , *DISEASES , *DIAGNOSIS , *ATHLETIC ability testing - Abstract
Summary The aim of this study was to determine the main methods used to analyse the soccer players movement during games. Data were collected at three databases (PubMed, Medline and SPORTDiscus) from 2010 to 2015, using the match terms: “perceived exertion” AND “fatigue” AND “soccer”. The data criteria inclusion considered articles with match terms in titles and abstracts; studies purposes assessed central or peripheral fatigue in soccer players; psychological, physiological or psychophysiological variables; research design as a descriptive or experimental models. Studies that evaluated children, adults and recreational soccer practitioners were excluded. The studies quality was assessed by three PhD professors using the PEDro scale. Twenty-two studies were initially located; following the application of the eligibility criteria, 11 studies were selected for our analysis. Data showed that the main methods used to determine psychophysiological fatigue in athletes were ergoespirometry, but mainly indirect methods to identify aerobic power. For anaerobic power, the studies used mainly indirect tests (sprint and jump test). The Profile of Mood States and Illinois Agility Test were used to identify mood states and agility, respectively. For psychophysiological assessments were used mainly perceived exertion scales (Borg 6–20 and CR-10), Felt Arousal Scale, Feeling Scale, Hooper's Index and the SFMS questionnaire for the detection of early signs of overtraining, while for metabolic assessments were used the heart rate identified by heart monitor and blood lactate identified by lactimeter. Thus, this study concludes that indirect and cheap methods were reported to identify fatigue and psychophysiological changes during soccer matches and training session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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34. Utiliser la perception de l’effort pour prescrire l’exercice au cours de tâches motrices des membres supérieurs
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Payen de la Garanderie, Marie and Pageaux, Benjamin
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Manual task ,Pointing task ,CR100 scale ,Perceived exertion ,Motor control ,effort perçu ,Tâche de pointage ,Box and Block Test ,tâches manuelles ,échelle CR100 ,psychophysiologie ,Test du Box and Block ,Psychophysiology - Abstract
Objectif : La perception de l’effort (PE) est utilisée dans la prescription et la supervision d’exercice lors de tâches locomotrices et de résistance. Néanmoins, son utilisation pour prescrire et superviser l’exercice lors de tâches motrices des membres supérieurs reste incertaine. Cette étude vise à tester ces possibilités. Méthodes : Quarante participants se sont portés volontaires. Dans l’expérience 1, quatre intensités de PE ont été utilisées pour prescrire l’exercice dans une version modifiée du Test du Box and Block (TBB) et d’une tâche de pointage. La possibilité de superviser l’exercice a été étudiée en imposant trois niveaux de difficultés via un tempo ou un poids et en mesurant les changements de PE associés. L’expérience 2 réplique la possibilité de prescrire l’exercice avec l’intensité de la PE et étudie les effets de l’ajout d’un poids sur l’avant-bras dominant sur la performance et la PE au cours de la version standardisée du TBB. L’activité musculaire, les fréquences cardiaque et respiratoire ont été mesurées. Résultats : Dans l’expérience 1, l’augmentation de l’intensité de la PE pour prescrire l’exercice a induit une augmentation de la performance et l’augmentation de la difficulté des tâches a augmenté la PE du participant. Dans l’expérience 2, la possibilité d’utiliser la PE pour prescrire l’intensité de l’exercice a été répliquée. La réalisation du TBB avec un poids additionnel révèle un maintien de la performance au prix d’une PE plus élevée. Dans les deux expériences, l’activité musculaire constitue le meilleur corrélat physiologique de la PE. Conclusion : Nos résultats suggèrent que la PE est un outil efficace pour prescrire et superviser l’exercice au cours de tâches motrices des membres supérieurs., Purpose: While the perception of effort (PE) is widely used to prescribe and monitor exercise during locomotor and resistance tasks, its use to prescribe and monitor exercise during upper-limb motor tasks remains unclear. This study aimed to test these possibilities. Methods: Forty participants volunteered in two experiments. In experiment 1, by using a modified version of the box and block test (BBT) and a pointing task, four PE intensities were used to prescribe the exercise. The possibility of monitoring the exercise was investigated during these tests by monitoring changes in the rating of PE in response to three task difficulties manipulated with different movement tempo and weights added on the exercising forearm. Experiment 2 replicated the possibility of prescribing the exercise with the PE intensity during the BBT and explored the impact of adding weight on the exercising forearm on performance and PE during the standardized version of the BBT. Muscle activation, heart rate and respiratory frequencies were recorded. Results: In experiment 1, increasing the PE intensity to prescribe the exercise induced an increased performance between each intensity. Increasing task difficulty with higher movement tempo and adding weight on the forearm increased the rating of PE. Experiment 2 replicated the possibility to use PE intensity for exercise prescription during the BBT. When completing the BBT with an additional weight on the forearm, performance was maintained at a cost of a higher PE. In both experiments, muscle activation was the best physiological marker of PE. Conclusion: Our results suggest that PE is an efficient tool to prescribe and monitor exercise during upper-limb motor tasks.
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- 2022
35. La fatigue des organismes. La mesure physiologique du temps entre corps biologique et corps social
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Saraceno, Marco
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économie corporelle ,epistemology of the human sciences ,sciences of work ,body economy ,psychophysiology ,épistémologie des sciences humaines ,sciences du travail ,psychophysiologie - Abstract
À partir de la fin du XIXe siècle, avec l’éclosion du paradigme énergétiste, la physiologie commence à s’intéresser à l’organisme comme à un « moteur animé » dont on peut mesurer la vitesse et les latences, un moteur dont toutefois le rendement baisse dans le temps. Dans ce contexte émerge la question de la fatigue. En particulier les recherches sur la fatigue révèlent que cette baisse marginale ne dépend pas exclusivement d’un mécanisme physiologique, mais également du rapport psychosociologique du sujet avec la tâche à accomplir. En effet, la relation au temps de l’effort varie toujours en fonction de la valeur que l’on donne à une réalisation qui s’inscrit dans le futur. Cet article s’intéressera au rôle de cette catégorie psychophysiologique de fatigue dans l’émergence d’une réflexion sociologique et anthropologique sur le concept de temps à la fin du XIXe siècle. Cette approche originale cherche à dépasser l’alternative entre un temps humain subjectif ou objectif, continu ou variable, quantitatif ou qualitatif. With the advent of the energy paradigm in the late nineteenth century, physiology began to take an interest in the organism as an “animated motor” of measurable speed and potential but of diminishing output over time. It was in this context that the issue of fatigue emerged. In particular, research into fatigue revealed that this marginal decline does not exclusively depend on a physiological mechanism but also on the psychosociological relationship of the subject to the task that is to be completed. For the relationship of time to effort always varies depending on the value assigned its future realization. This article considers the role of this psychophysiological category of fatigue in the emergence of sociological and anthropological discussions of the concept of time in the late nineteenth century. This original approach seeks to move beyond the alternative between a subjective or objective, continuous or variable, quantitative or qualitative vision of human time.
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- 2022
36. Ambulantes Assessment zur Erfassung psychophysiologischer Zusammenhänge im Arbeitsalltag: Studien zum Wohlbefinden und der Herzratenvariabilität im Kontext von Anforderungen und Ressourcen
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Regina Franziska Schmid
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Arbeitsbelastung ,Herzfrequenzvariabilität ,Ressourcen am Arbeitsplatz ,Gesundheitsvorsorge ,Unternehmen ,Ambulantes Assessment ,Gesundheit ,Psychophysiologie ,Sensor ,Smartphone - Abstract
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit bestand darin, die psychophysiologische Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz im Rahmen methodenübergreifender, ambulanter Designs genauer zu ergründen. Unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Arbeitsanforderungen und Ressourcen lag der Fokus auf der Analyse des situativen Wohlbefindens und der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) verschiedener Berufsgruppen. In der ersten Studie wurde die ambulante HRV von Lehrkräften einerseits als situatives Beanspruchungsmaß und andererseits als stabile, selbstregulierende Ressource untersucht. Mehrebenenanalysen basierend auf 101 Personen und 669 Situationen zeigten, dass weder Arbeitsanforderungen noch -ressourcen oder entsprechende Interaktionen mit Veränderungen in der State-HRV assoziiert waren. Allerdings erwies sich eine hohe Trait-HRV als stresspuffernder Moderator in der Beziehung zwischen emotionalen Anforderungen und emotionaler Erschöpfung. Die zweite Studie untersuchte das situative Wohlbefinden von Klinikpersonal im Zusammenhang mit der State-HRV und State-Achtsamkeit als selbstregulierende Ressourcen im Moment. Nach Kontrolle der wichtigsten Arbeitsanforderungen ergaben Mehrebenenanalysen auf der Basis von 89 Personen und 937 Situationen positive und sich gegenseitig verstärkende Effekte einer hohen State-HRV und State-Achtsamkeit auf eine reduzierte emotionale Erschöpfung und erhöhte Entspannung. Zusammenfassend liefern diese Studien nicht nur theoretische und empirische Erkenntnisgewinne, sondern betonen auch die Bedeutung einer intra- und interindividuell hohen HRV für betriebliche Präventions- und Interventionsansätze. Abschließend werden der besondere Nutzen aber auch die Grenzen psychophysiologischer ambulanter Assessments am Arbeitsplatz diskutiert. Außerdem wird ein Einblick in die physiologischen Aspekte der Achtsamkeit ergänzt., The aim of the present thesis was to explore psychophysiological health in the workplace applying multi-methodological ambulatory designs. Considering current job demands and resources, the focus was on the analysis of situational well-being and heart rate variability (HRV) among various occupational groups. In the first study, the ambulatory HRV of teachers was investigated on the one hand as a situational strain measure and on the other hand as a stable, self-regulating resource. Multilevel analyses based on 101 individuals and 669 situations showed that neither job demands nor resources or corresponding interactions were associated with changes in state HRV. However, high trait HRV was found to be a stress-buffering moderator in the relationship between emotional demands and emotional exhaustion. The second study examined healthcare professionals’ situational well-being in relation to state HRV and state mindfulness as self-regulatory resources in the moment. After controlling for relevant job demands, multilevel analyses based on 89 individuals and 937 situations revealed positive and mutually amplifying effects of high state HRV and state mindfulness on reduced emotional exhaustion and increased relaxation. To conclude, these studies not only provide theoretical and empirical implications, but also emphasize the importance of an intra- and interindividually increased HRV for practical prevention and intervention strategies. Finally, the particular benefits as well as the limitations of psychophysiological ambulatory assessments in the workplace are discussed. Furthermore, an insight into the physiological aspects of mindfulness is provided.
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- 2022
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37. Children with selective mutism: an examination of the attentional and psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the failure to speak and the situational factors that trigger symptomatology
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Vogel, Felix and Justus Liebig University Giessen
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Psychophysiologie ,Selektiver Mutismus ,ddc:150 ,Soziale Angststörung - Abstract
Various prominent models of anxiety have in common that they propose that threatening stimuli processed by an organism lead to a fear response consisting of the components of a threat, attentional processing of the threat, which is subsequently accompanied by processing in brain circuits, and the subsequent physiological fear response. These components of the sequence (threat, attention processing, fear response) are essential to understand how symptoms of anxiety disorders occur and are considered in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Accordingly, both transdiagnostic and disorderspecific models of anxiety include the psychophysiological features of altered attention processing and altered autonomic activity as factors contributing to explain phenomenology, etiology, and maintenance of the disorder. Against this background, it is particularly remarkable that these aspects have scarcely been researched yet for the anxiety disorder, selective mutism (SM). Considering that SM is a severely debilitating and typically long-lasting anxiety disorder, it seems crucial to include children with SM to examine these fundamental features of anxiety disorders. A better understanding of these aspects could be the basis for developing targeted therapeutic approaches (e.g., training of attention allocation) and improving already established interventions (e.g., selected appropriate stimuli for exposure) for children with SM. In addition, the question arises whether and how SM differentiates from other anxiety disorders, especially social anxiety disorder (SAD), with which SM has numerous overlaps. The dissertation at hand, based on three studies, provides insights in triggers of anxiety, alterations in attentional processing of threat as well as the autonomic fear response of children with SM. All of these aspects have been largely unexplored, making this dissertation an important addition to the scarce psychophysiological research of SM. As has been shown in other anxiety disorders, including SAD, the project demonstrated that children with SM show signs of restricted autonomic flexibility and are thus likely to respond less adaptively to social stress. In addition, the project provides the first empirical evidence that attentional processing may be altered in children with SM, in that SM symptoms are associated with avoidance of eye contact. The alterations found do not appear to reflect specific psychophysiological processes of SM because these features occur transdiagnostically in children with anxiety disorders. Accordingly, the project’s results suggest that children with SM and SAD do not differ concerning psychophysiological characteristics of attentional processing and autonomic activity. However, the identified anxiety triggers show various triggers can induce anxiety in children with SM. This, in contrast to psychophysiological features, could represent a possible starting point for differentiating SM from other anxiety disorders. In the project at hand, there was also initial evidence for the presence of the potential mechanisms of failure to speak, attentive freezing, and avoidance. Given that the applied paradigms were not designed for differentiating between possible mechanisms of failure to speak, current findings represent only initial evidence on which further research on mechanisms of SM should be built.
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- 2022
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38. Enhancing manned unmanned teaming with physiological computing and adaptive interaction
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Singh, Gaganpreet, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, Ponzoni Carvalho Chanel, Caroline, and Roy, Raphaëlle
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629.8 ,Interaction Homme-Robots ,Adaptive Task Sharing ,Psychophysiologie ,Partage adaptatif des tâches ,Physiology ,Manned-Unmanned Teaming ,Physiological Computing ,Physiologie ,Human-Robot Interaction ,Psychophysiology - Abstract
Le Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) peut être compris comme une équipe coopérative de plusieurs agents : plusieurs véhicules aériens sans pilote (drones) et éventuellement plusieurs avions pilotés agissant ensemble dans des missions critiques. Par conséquent, une nouvelle perspective est proposée pour l'avenir de l'interaction humain-drone via une telle coopération en équipe, s'inscrivant dans le cadre de l'interaction à initiative mixte (MII). Dans ce contexte, nous considérons que l'agent humain (pilote) n'est pas un agent infaillible. Par exemple, des états mentaux dégradés pourraient diminuer les capacités de l'agent humain pendant l'exécution de la mission. Ainsi, dans ce travail de thèse, nous étudions des algorithmes de calcul physiologique et d'intelligence artificielle pour estimer l'état mental du pilote humain (par exemple, la charge mentale) lorsqu'il interagit avec une équipe de drones dans des conditions de mission difficiles, et ce, afin d'adapter l'interaction entre agents pour améliorer la performance globale.Ainsi, ce travail de thèse commence par la compréhension et l’évaluation les états mentaux des pilotes humains lorsqu'ils interagissent avec les drones. Nous avons développé un scénario employant une équipe humain-drones (MUM-T) dans une mission de recherche et de sauvetage, où les participants jouent le rôle d'un pilote coopérant avec trois drones. Dans une première campagne expérimentale, les missions ont été conçues pour induire des niveaux de charge mentale faibles et élevées, qui ont été évalués à l'aide de mesures subjectives, comportementales et physiologiques (i.e. métriques cérébrales, cardiaques et oculomotrices). Cette première campagne nous a permis (i) de caractériser la charge mentale à partir de signaux physiologiques, étant donné l'impact significatif de la charge mentale sur toutes les mesures ; et (ii) de proposer différentes chaînes de classification qui ont atteint une précision moyennes de classification allant de 75% pour la meilleure à 59,8% pour la moins bonne, en utilisant les caractéristiques cardiaques seules ou en combinaison avec les caractéristiques cérébrales et oculomotrices. Ensuite, sur la base de ces résultats, ce travail de thèse se concentre sur la construction d'un système de prise décision séquentielle qui est capable de surveiller l'état mental de l'homme à travers la sortie du classifieur et de sélectionner les actions appropriées pour adapter l'interaction dans le but de maximiser la performance humaine. Étant donné l'observabilité partielle de l'état mental humain et la nature non déterministe d'un tel système, nous avons construit ce travail dans le cadre des Processus Décisionels de Markov Partiellement Observable (POMDP). Les paramètres du modèle POMDP, qui vise à contrôler l'interaction, ont été approchés en utilisant toutes les données collectées lors de la première campagne expérimentale et les résultats de classification associés. Enfin, ce travail de thèse se termine par une deuxième campagne expérimentale, dont le but été l'évaluation d'une telle politique de contrôle de l'interaction basée sur modèle POMDP, en ce qui concerne la gestion de la performance et de la charge mentale. Dans cette campagne, tous les développements ont été intégrés et testés en ligne : extraction et traitement des caractéristiques physiologiques, estimation de l'état mental humain, et adaptation de l'interaction. Les résultats subjectifs obtenus ont montré que les participants ressentaient une charge de travail significativement moindre lorsque l'approche adaptative était utilisée, par rapport à un système d'interaction non adaptatif. Cependant, les performances réalisées par les participants n’ont pas été significativement améliorées. Ces derniers résultats ont mis en évidence la nécessité d'affiner le modèle de prise de décision, en particulier pour améliorer la performance humaine et la performance globale de l'équipe, et ouvrent plusieurs perspectives de recherche. Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) can be understood as a cooperative teaming of multiple agents: several unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and possibly several manned aircraft acting together in critical missions situations. As a result, a new perspective is proposed for the future of human-multi-UAV interaction via such a teaming cooperation falling within the mixed-initiative interaction (MII) framework. In order to design a mixed-initiative system, it is important to know what influences the human operator's (mental) state, decision-making capabilities and performance, particularly in critical situations. In this MII perspective, we consider that the human agent (pilot) is not a foolproof team agent. For instance, degraded mental states could diminish human agents capabilities during mission execution. Thus, in this thesis work we investigate physiological computing and artificial intelligence algorithms for estimating the human pilot's mental state (e.g. mental workload) when he or she interacts with a UAV team under difficult mission conditions in order to adapt the agents' interaction to favor performance. As an example, the adaptation can consist in choosing if a UAV request should be triggered or not given the current (mental) state of the human pilot and mission sub-tasks’ priority.In order to accomplish this thesis objective, this work begins by understanding and assessing the mental states of human pilots while they interact with UAVs. To this purpose we developed a scenario employing a MUM-T in a search and rescue mission, where participants played the role of a pilot cooperating with three UAVs. In a first experimental campaign missions were designed to induce high and low mental workload levels, which were evaluated using self-reported, behavioral and physiological measures (i.e., cerebral, cardiac, and oculomotor features). This first campaign allowed us: (i) to characterize mental workload based on physiological signals given that a significant impact of mental workload was found on all measures; and (ii) to propose different classification pipelines that achieved an average classification accuracy ranging from best at 75% to lowest at 59.8%, when using cardiac features alone or in combination with cerebral and oculomotor ones. Then, based on these results, this thesis work focuses on constructing a sequential decision-making system that is capable of monitoring human mental state through classifier’s output and selecting appropriate actions to adapt the interaction with an aim of maximizing human performance, and eventually enhance mission outcomes. Given the partial observability of the human mental state and the non-deterministic nature of such a system, we build this piece of work under the Partial Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) framework. The parameters of the POMDP model, that aims to control the interaction, were approximated using all data collected during the first experimental campaign and related classification results. And finally, this thesis work concludes with the evaluation of such a POMDP-based interaction control policy in a second experimental campaign with regards to performance and mental workload management. In this campaign, all developments were integrated and tested online: extraction and processing of physiological features, monitoring of human mental state, and adaption of the interaction. The subjective results obtained showed the participants felt significantly less workload when the adaptive approach was used when compared to a non-adaptive interaction system. However, the performance achieved by participants was not significantly improved. These last results highlighted the need to fine tune the decision-making model, in particular to improve the human and the overall MUM-T performance, and open several research perspectives.
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- 2021
39. Une Nouvelle Orientation Psychophysique dans la Pédagogie Théâtrale Contemporaine
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Vezio Ruggieri (Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza – Rome, Italie) and Lea Walter (Associazione Psicofisiologi Clinici per l’Integrazione Sociale – Rome, Italie)
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Psychophysiologie ,Posture ,Imagination ,Émotion ,Prosodie ,Drama ,PN1600-3307 ,Dramatic representation. The theater ,PN2000-3307 - Abstract
Cet article a pour but de présenter comment les apports du modèle psychophysiologique bio-existentialiste élaboré par Vezio Ruggieri et ses collaborateurs peuvent jeter une lumière nouvelle sur les processus sous-jacents le jeu de l’acteur tels que la présence scénique, le processus d’identification avec un personnage et le complexe mécanisme de la prosodie. Cet encadrement théorique, qui voit le rapport corps-esprit dans une relation circulaire, éclairera le lecteur sur les bases physiologiques de la perception et de l’imagination ainsi que sur le rôle fondamental que la structure musculaire joue dans la construction de ces phénomènes.
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- 2015
40. Excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents: current treatment strategies
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Matthieu Hein, Anais Mungo, Philippe Hubain, and Gwenolé Loas
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lcsh:Psychology ,Sleepiness ,Psychophysiologie ,Adolescent ,Therapeutic Approaches ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,Neurosciences cognitives ,Reviews ,lcsh:Consciousness. Cognition ,Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles ,lcsh:BF309-499 ,Neuropsychologie ,Sleep - Abstract
The complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness are very common among adolescents. In addition, in this particular subpopulation, the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with negative impact on school performances, interpersonal difficulties (school friends or family), extracurricular activities, health and driving. In adolescents with complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness, it is important to perform a complete clinical assessment including systematic clinical interview, physical examination, sleep diaries, use of specific questionnaires and possible confirmatory tests. In adolescents, the main causes of excessive daytime sleepiness are sleep deprivation, inadequate sleep hygiene, insomnia disorders, circadian rhythm disorders, chronic somatic pathologies, psychiatric disorders, movement disorders related to sleep, respiratory disorders related to sleep, parasomnias, hypersomnia disorders and use of drugs or medications. Given the multiple aetiologies of excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents, the implementation of targeted therapeutic strategies is essential in order to allow optimal management of this symptom and better prevention of its negative consequences. The aim of this review is therefore to provide health care professionals caring for adolescents with excessive daytime sleepiness complaints the currently recommended therapeutic strategies for the main aetiologies of excessive daytime sleepiness in this particular subpopulation., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2020
41. A Review of Behavioural Gerontology and Dementia Related Interventions
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Josling, Megan and Josling, Megan
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Behavioural Gerontology is concerned with the interaction of the aging individual and their environment. One aspect of behavioural gerontology has focussed on the use of behaviourist methods to improve the functioning and quality of life of individuals with dementia. Positive reinforcement techniques have shown to have an effect on dementia related behavioural excesses (wandering, disruptive vocalisations), behavioural deficits (incontinence, self feeding) and mood changes (depression). One of the major concerns of using reinforcement techniques in the case of dementia is maintenance of the behavioural changes with the continual implementation of the intervention. Research has indicated that individuals with dementia meet behavioural extinction criteria at an advanced rate in comparison with individuals without dementia. Thus for a behavioural change to be successfully maintained it requires diligence on the part of the caregiver and/or nursing home staff. In the case of dementia care centres and nursing homes, when using behavioural interventions to modify the behavioural symptoms of dementia, there needs to be a considerable overlap between Behavioural Gerontology and Organisational Behavioural Management to ensure the successful maintenance of behavioural change.
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- 2021
42. Polysomnographic markers of suicidal ideation in untreated unipolar major depressed individuals
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Zeoli, Ileana, Lanquart, Jean Pol, Wacquier, Benjamin, Mungo, Anais, Loas, Gwenolé, Hein, Matthieu, Zeoli, Ileana, Lanquart, Jean Pol, Wacquier, Benjamin, Mungo, Anais, Loas, Gwenolé, and Hein, Matthieu
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Given the major role played by sleep in the particular relationship between suicidality and major depression, the aim of this study was to empirically identify polysomnographic markers specific to suicidal ideation in major depressed individuals in order to allow better suicide prevention in this high-risk subpopulation. Demographic and polysomnographic data from 190 individuals (34 healthy controls and 156 untreated unipolar major depressed individuals) recruited from the sleep laboratory database were analysed. Suicidal ideation were considered present if the score in item G of the Beck Depression Inventory was ≥1 and/or if they were highlighted during the systematic psychiatric assessment conducted on admission to the sleep laboratory. Independently of depression severity, major depressed individuals with suicidal ideation present a decrease in deep NREM sleep (slow-wave sleep) and an increase in light NREM sleep (stage 1 + stage 2) compared to those without suicidal ideation. There are no significant differences for the other polysomnographic parameters. In our study, we highlighted the existence of potential polysomnographic markers of suicidal ideation in untreated unipolar major depressed individuals, which seems to open up new perspectives for the identification and management of individuals at high-risk of suicide in this particular subpopulation., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
43. Magnitude-sensitivity: rethinking decision-making
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Pirrone, Angelo, Reina, Andreagiovanni, Stafford, Tom, Marshall, James A. R., Gobet, Fernand, Pirrone, Angelo, Reina, Andreagiovanni, Stafford, Tom, Marshall, James A. R., and Gobet, Fernand
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Magnitude-sensitivity refers to the result that performance in decision-making, across domains and organisms, is affected by the total value of the possible alternatives. This simple result offers a window into fundamental issues in decision-making and has led to a reconsideration of ecological decision-making, prominent computational models of decision-making, and optimal decision-making. Moreover, magnitude-sensitivity has inspired the design of new robotic systems that exploit natural solutions and apply optimal decision-making policies. In this article, we review the key theoretical and empirical results about magnitude-sensitivity and highlight the importance that this phenomenon has for the understanding of decision-making. Furthermore, we discuss open questions and ideas for future research., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 2021
44. Psychiatrie et psychanalyse : le divorce est-il consommé ? À propos des « troubles bipolaires ».
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Masson, Marc and Brun, Michaël
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Résumé Objectifs Dans les suites de la publication des actes du colloque « Le bipolaire » et la psychanalyse, organisé par l’Espace analytique en mars 2012 à Paris, les auteurs proposent une analyse des raisons qui peuvent être à l’origine d’incompréhensions et de malentendus entre psychiatres et psychanalystes. Méthode Sont tour à tour évalués le flou du concept de « trouble bipolaire », la tendance au sur-diagnostic pouvant induire des attitudes thérapeutiques inappropriées pour les uns et l’oubli de la polysémie des mots « manie », « dépression » à l’origine de contre-sens sémantiques et prétention thérapeutique excessive à certains égards pour les autres. Résultats À la lumière de l’itinéraire intellectuel de Freud, les auteurs proposent d’ouvrir une réflexion sur la connaissance actuelle de la maladie bipolaire dont la physiopathologie cérébrale est aujourd’hui beaucoup mieux appréhendée. Discussion En recourant à la fonction « méta », les auteurs en appellent à une redécouverte des propositions de Jean Delay (la psychophysiologie) et d’Henri Ey (l’organodynanisme). Conclusion Enfin, ils plaident pour une juste place des thérapies analytiques chez les patients souffrant d’une maladie bipolaire stabilisée d’un point de vue psychiatrique. Background Following the publication of the proceedings from the conference on bipolar disorders and psychoanalysis organized in March 2012 in Paris, the authors propose deepening the discussion regarding the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorders given recent advances in the scientific understanding of this disease and its etiology. It could be argued that the term “bipolar” has become a source of confusion for the medical community and the general public alike. As Jean Delay emphasized, mood is by nature bipolar and is “a fundamental affective disposition, rich with all the emotional and instinctual aspects, which gives each of our moods a pleasant or unpleasant tone, oscillating between the two extremes of pleasure and pain.” While the pathophysiology of the bipolar disorder is now much better known and understood, the “extended bipolar spectrum” as a nosological concept may be ill-defined in that certain personality disorders or neurotic problems may be mis-diagnosed within this spectrum. In many cases, this may inhibit further medical exploration as well as lead to inappropriate therapeutic management. Moreover, this is a troublesome development in that the bipolar disorder has seen a significant diagnostic inflation over the past 20 years, most noticeably in the United States but as well as in Europe. Within the context of modern science and current medical understanding, the authors reflect on the role of psychoanalysis as a potential therapeutic treatment for this disorder? Method The authors go on to explain that within the intellectual itinerary of Freud, and then later with Melanie Klein, psychoanalytical concepts emerged using the term “manic” within the meaning of manic defences, and “depressive” for the depressive position to explain certain intra-psychic dynamics (object relations) in the early developmental stages. However, given the development of similar historical terminology by Baillarger, Kraepelin and subsequent psychiatry for use in medical disorders, the words “manic” and “depressive” have inevitably led to further confusion. Freud wrote in “Introduction to Psychoanalysis” that psychoanalysis is to psychiatry “what anatomy is to histology: One examines the external forms of the organs, while the other examines the tissue and the cells in which these bodies are made.” Nonetheless, we should not forget that Freud himself, in his unfinished book “Outline of Psychoanalysis”, admits that there are organic and biological aspects to consider above and beyond the purely psychological components, and that advances in science would no doubt bring new biological understanding that psychoanalysis cannot ignore. On the one hand, Freud assigns a common root for the manic and depressive states, linking them closely to the action of the superego and the passing of the Oedipal stage of development. Melanie Klein, on the other hand, attributes the psychogenesis of the manic-depressive states to an earlier stage of psychological development of the child, during the first year of life when “the oscillation between the depressive position and the manic position is an essential part of normal development”. For Klein, the manic defense is an attempt to repair internalized objects with regards to their potential loss, while both the depressive and manic defensive positions are not polarities of the same phenomenon. Thus, the authors suggest that there should be a clear differentiation between manic defenses, which are found in children and healthy adults in response to anxiety or depression – and the manic state, in the psychiatric sense. Results Nevertheless, the authors argue that the “age of science” has not sounded the death knell of metaphysics. Similarly, the current boom in neuroscience does not erase the interest of metapsychology for the understanding of mental fun [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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45. Dynamique de la perception et de l'esthétique en interaction avec l'environnement : le cas du design extérieur de la voiture
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Fernandes Moreira, Ana, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab) - UMR 9193 (SCALab), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Yann Coello, Laurent Sparrow, Nathalie Le Hir, and Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives - UMR 9193 (SCALab)
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Eye movement ,Psychophysiologie ,Visual perception ,Mouvements oculaires ,Aesthetics ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Car design ,Perception visuelle ,Attention visuelle ,Esthétique ,Design automobile ,Visual attention ,Psychophysiology - Abstract
To innovate or improve a current product, it is essential to understand how consumers perceive and experience it. There is an extensive research on consumer experience, but in general these studies focus on subjective measures. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to propose and test the use of different objective measures in order to gain more insight on the cognitive processes (attentional, perceptive) and the affective processes (psychophysiological) involved in the consumer experience of car exterior design.In Study 1, in order to prove the existence of an attentional capture of car exterior design, a dot probe task was used, and level of innovation and car shape manipulated. Results showed an attentional advantage occurred towards more familiar designs and high shapes. In Study 2 we tested for the presence of specific affective responses to different designs, as well as examined visual salience and visual exploration. In a free-viewing task, two types of categorizations were analysed: shape and a confidential classification created by Renault. Low cars and curved shapes evoked higher heart rate and preference. Low and angular cars evoked a bottom-up processing (i.e. stimulus-driven). The importance of the logo on the visual exploration of car exterior design was also confirmed. In Study 3, in order to explore the potential impact of stimuli size on consumer experience, near-real-scale images of cars were presented in a free-viewing task. No differences were observed in terms of electrodermal or cardiac indicators. Curved designs (vs. angular) evoked higher pupil dilation. High, as well as angular designs were more prone to top-down influences (i.e. goal-driven), while low shapes and curved designs were more prone to bottom-up influences. In addition to the logo, the right front headlight also evoked more attention. We also observed a global exploration behaviour for the first 15s of picture presentation, followed by local exploitation behaviour.In summary, this thesis has brought to light different affective and cognitive mechanisms involved in the visual exploration of design elements, suggesting that their visual perception is an aesthetic experience. Based on an original experimental methodology for studying consumer behaviour in the fields of design and aesthetics, the present work allows us to contemplate a new approach in the study of the consumer experience at the various stages of design conception in the automotive industry.; Afin d’innover ou améliorer un produit, il est essentiel de comprendre comment les consommateurs le perçoivent et le vivent. De nombreuses études portant sur l’expérience du consommateur ont déjà été réalisées mais, en général, elles s’appuient sur des mesures subjectives. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons et nous testons l’utilisation des différents indicateurs objectifs, afin de mieux comprendre les processus cognitifs (attentionnels, perceptifs) et affectifs (psychophysiologiques) impliqués dans l'expérience du consommateur vis-à-vis le design extérieur des voitures. Dans l'étude 1, afin de prouver l’existence d’une capture attentionnelle liée au design des voitures, une tâche dot probe a été utilisée en faisant varier le niveau d'innovation et la forme du design. Les résultats montrent un avantage attentionnel pour les designs plus familiers et les formes hautes. Dans l'étude 2, nous avons testé la présence de réactions affectives spécifiques vis-à-vis les différents designs, en examinant aussi la saillance et l’exploration visuelles. Dans une tâche d’exploration visuelle libre de voitures, deux types de catégorisations ont été pris en compte : une catégorisation basée sur la forme et une catégorisation propre à l’entreprise Renault. Les formes basses et les formes courbes ont été préférées et ont provoqué une fréquence cardiaque plus élevée. Les formes basses et angulaires ont suscité un traitement de type bottom-up (i.e. stimulus-driven). L'importance du logo a également été confirmée. Dans l'étude 3, afin d'explorer l'impact potentiel de la taille des stimuli sur l'expérience du consommateur, des images de voitures à une échelle quasi-réelle ont été présentées dans une tâche d’exploration visuelle libre. Aucune différence n’a été constatée sur les indicateurs électrodermaux ou cardiaques. Les formes courbes (vs. angulaires) ont provoqué une plus grande dilatation pupillaire. Les formes hautes et les formes angulaires ont été plus susceptibles aux influences top-down (i.e. goal-driven), tandis que les formes basses, et les formes courbes aux influences bottom-up. En plus du logo, le phare avant droit a aussi suscité plus d'attention. Nous avons aussi observé un comportement d’exploration global pendant les 15 premières secondes suivies d’un comportement d’exploitation focalisé.En résumé, les travaux effectués ont permis de mettre en évidence différents mécanismes affectifs et cognitifs impliqués dans l'exploration visuelle des éléments de design d’une voiture, suggérant que leur perception visuelle est une expérience esthétique. Basés sur une méthodologie expérimentale originale d’analyse des comportements des consommateurs dans les domaines du design et de l’esthétique, les travaux effectués permettent d’envisager une nouvelle approche de l’étude de l’expérience du consommateur aux différentes étapes de conception du design dans l’industrie automobile.
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- 2021
46. 'Chromo-culture'. Loïe Fuller's dances of nature and the energetic force of light
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Ronetti, Alessandra, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Voix Anglophones : Littérature et Esthétique (VALE), Sorbonne Université (SU), Histoire des technosciences en société (HT2S), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), and Histoire culturelle et sociale de l'art (HiCSA)
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Seth Pancoast ,lighting ,19th century ,photothérapie ,projection ,chromo-thérapie ,esthétique de la lumière ,théâtre ,Loie Fuller ,modern visuality ,psychophysiologie ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,luminotherapy ,colour psychology (history) ,visual culture ,dispositif ,luminothérapie ,XIXe siècle ,psychophysiology ,chromo-culture ,couleur ,énergie ,Roger Marx ,optical spectacle ,esthetics of light ,danse ,art nouveau ,éclairage ,culture visuelle ,theatre ,cinema ,spectacle optique ,cinéma ,Paul Souriau ,phototherapy ,energy ,psychologie de la couleur (histoire) - Abstract
International audience; The chromo-luminous spectacles performed on stage by the American dancer Loie Fuller since 1891 will be studied in relation to the development of nineteenth-century psychological theories on the energetic force of coloured light, including “the aesthetic of light” of the French philosopher Paul Souriau. Fuller imitates, through the movements of her skirt, the plant and animal shapes that come to life ideally thanks to an electric lighting system with several projectors that emit coloured rays on the body of the moving dancer. Whilst the interpretation of the biological function of light on living organisms has been developed from nineteenth-century studies on chromotherapy by French and American scientists (such as Camille Flammarion’s “chromo-culture”), Loie Fuller’s electric fééries use the same process of chromotherapy to create a modern embodied experience. Fuller stages the energetic power of light on the excitability of organisms in her dances in order to transform chromotherapeutic practices into what film historian Tom Gunning has defined as the first cinematic spectacle. The body of the dancer in the theater is presented as a device that produces energy, or as a kind of mobile screen capable of projecting sets of moving coloured lights to experiment directly the spectator’s senses.; Les danses chromo-lumineuses, inventées en 1891 par l’américaine Loïe Fuller, sont interprétées par rapport à l’essor des théories psychologiques dix-neuvièmistes sur la force énergétique de la lumière colorée, dont l’ouvrage L’Esthétique de la lumière de Paul Souriau représente le point culminant. Alors que l’interprétation de la fonction biologique de la lumière sur les organismes vivants est développée à partir des études sur la chromothérapie de savants français et américains (à l’instar de la « chromo-culture » de Camille Flammarion), les féeries électriques de Loïe Fuller – qui projettent des lumières colorées en mouvement sur le corps de la danseuse mimant des formes végétales et animales – mettent en scène le même processus d’éclairage de la chromothérapie afin d’affecter directement le spectateur.
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- 2021
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47. Dynamische Pausen im Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz
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Kretschmer, Veronika, Grünewald, Norman, Klöcker, Susanne, Krooß, Alexander, Fiolka, Michael, and Publica
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stress ,Psychophysiologie ,Sensortechnik ,dynamisches Pausenmanagement - Published
- 2021
48. Vers une clinique de l’éveil : une émersiologie de la conscience ?
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Andrieu, Bernard
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Résumé Objectifs Le progrès des techniques d’imagerie in vivo révèle combien la clinique de la conscience comporte désormais plusieurs niveaux d’activité. Mais ces différences d’activité sont-elles autant des dimensions de la conscience ou ne faut-il pas distinguer la conscience de son éveil par les techniques d’activation ? L’article démontre la différence entre l’éveil par l’activation de la conscience de la conscience par représentation de soi pour étendre le domaine de la clinique au corps vivant. Méthode La méthode distingue successivement les quatre niveaux de la conscience en allant de la conscience représentationnelle à l’activité d’éveil du cerveau : l’analyse décrit l’automaticité des niveaux d’inconscience afin de préciser les possibilités d’une activation du vivant. À travers des tableaux nous mesurons les différences de degré dans ce domaine global de la conscience. Résultats Les résultats distinguent l’émersiologie de la neuroamélioration en utilisant l’activation exogène seulement comme un signe d’activité du vivant. La différence entre awareness et consciouness est démontrée ici dans un espace global de conscience dont la clinique de l’éveil est le nouveau domaine d’analyse des cas limites comme celui du coma. Discussion La discussion porte sur les conséquences éthiques de cette clinique de l’éveil conformément à l’avis n°122, rendu public le mercredi 12 février 2014 du Comité consultatif national d’éthique (CCNE) qui a examiné les enjeux du « recours aux techniques biomédicales en vue de “neuro-amélioration” chez la personne non malade ». Il convient de distinguer un éveil clinique du champ de conscience de la neurostimulation intrusive et invasive . Conclusions La clinique de l’éveil est une extension du champ de la conscience et la prise en compte des états d’inconscience comme le signe d’une activité. La difficulté d’interpréter cette activité, même si nous parvenons à la localiser, nous oblige à considérer le sujet dans toutes ses dimensions psychophysiologiques. Objectives The progress of in-vivo imaging techniques reveals to what extent the clinic of consciousness now includes several levels of activity. However, are these differences in activity so many dimensions of the consciousness, or should one not distinguish the consciousness of awareness through the techniques of activation? This paper demonstrates the difference between the awareness through representation of oneself and hence to extend the clinical domain to that of the consciously experienced body. Method The method distinguishes successively four levels of consciousness from representational consciousness to awareness of the brain: the analysis describes the automaticity of the levels of non-consciousness to specify the possibilities of an activation of the consciously experienced body. Using tables we measured the differences in degree in the global domain of consciousness. Results The results distinguish the “emersiology” of the brain enhancement by using the exogenous activation only as a sign of activity of the consciously experienced body. The difference between awareness and consciousness is demonstrated here in a global space of consciousness: the clinic of awareness that is the new domain of analysis of borderline cases such as comas. Discussion The discussion concerns the ethical consequences of this clinic of awareness according to the decree n o 122, made public on Wednesday, February 12th, 2014 of the National Consultative Committee of Ethics who examined the stakes in the use of biomedical techniques with the aim of “brain enhancement” of the non-sick person. It is advisable to distinguish a clinical awareness of the field of consciousness from an intrusive and invasive neuro-stimulation. Conclusions The clinic of awareness is an extension of the field of the consciousness and the consideration of the states of unconsciousness as the sign of an activity. The difficulty in interpreting the activity, even if we succeed in locating it, obliges us to consider the subject in all its psycho-physiological dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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49. Biological Contributions to Criminological Research.
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Portnoy, Jill and Raine, Adrian
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Copyright of Monatsschrift fuer Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2014
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50. Grundkonzepte der gastrointestinalen Psychophysiologie.
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Cuntz, Ulrich
- Abstract
Die wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit der Psychophysiologie des Gastrointestinaltrakts hat mittlerweile eine lange Tradition und hat zu beachtlichen Ergebnissen geführt. Dabei haben sich die Grundkonzepte und Forschungsansätze in den letzten 50 Jahren erheblich gewandelt, weisen dabei aber doch eine bemerkenswerte Konvergenz auf. Der Gastrointestinaltrakt reagiert auf unterschiedliche Stressoren mit unterschiedlichen Motilitätsmustern; verschiedene Abschnitte des Gastrointestinaltrakts können dabei in unterschiedlicher, gegebenenfalls auch gegensinniger Weise reagieren. Es gibt Hinweise, aber keine zweifelsfreien Belege dafür, dass unterschiedliche Emotionen mit unterschiedlichen Reaktionsmustern assoziiert sind. Entgegen der ursprünglichen Annahme gibt es keinen eindeutigen Zusammenhang zwischen Motilitätsmustern und gastrointestinalen Beschwerden. Das Reizdarmsymdrom, die funktionelle gastrointestinale Störung mit der größten klinischen Bedeutung, ist mit einer intestinalen Hyperalgesie, Hypersensitivität und Hypervigilanz assoziiert. Dies hängt unmittelbar mit der zentralnervösen Reizverarbeitung zusammen: Bei Reizdarmpatienten werden bei intestinalen Schmerzreizen vermehrt Kerngebiete aktiviert, die mit der Schmerzwahrnehmung und der Stressverarbeitung zusammenhängen. Es lässt sich auch zeigen, dass an der viszeralen Hyperalgesie die Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden (HPA)-Achse und insbesondere die Corticotropin-Releasing-Factor-1 (CRF1)-Rezeptoren beteiligt sind. Entgegen früheren Annahmen sind auch immunologische Prozesse beim Reizdarmsyndrom involviert, und auch diese sind von psychologischen Faktoren abhängig. Stress nimmt über verschiedene Wege Einfluss auf die immunologische Reaktion. Diese Entzündungsvorgänge entstehen dabei in Auseinandersetzung mit der bakteriellen Besiedelung des Darms, insbesondere des Colons. Stress nimmt Einfluss auf die qualitative und quantitative Zusammensetzung unseres «Mikrobioms», und die Zusammensetzung des Mikrobioms moderiert wiederum die Stressantwort. Offensichtlich erfordert ein vollständiges Verständnis funktioneller gastorintestinaler Beschwerden auch die Einbeziehung des Mikrobioms und der damit verbundenen immunologischen Vorgänge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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