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Objectives: The CHROME-G is the first generic preference-based measure developed in China. This study aimed to validate and compare the psychometric properties of the CHROME-G with the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 among the Chinese general population. Methods: A representative sample of the Chinese general population in terms of age, gender, education, and urban/rural residence was recruited for an online survey. During the survey, respondents completed three instruments (first the CHROME-G, then the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 in random order), demographic and health-related questions. The retest survey was carried out after two weeks. Ceiling/floor effects were first assessed. Convergent and divergent validity was examined using Spearman's rank correlation. Known-group validity was examined using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis H test and effect size. Test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and weighted Kappa statistics. Results: One thousand respondents (51.1% male, mean age 44.7 years) completed the first survey, with 378 also completing the retest survey. The mean ± SD completion time was 2.03 ± 0.58 min for the CHROME-G, and 1.37 ± 0.54 and 1.13 ± 0.38 min for the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2. Only the EQ-5D-5L had a ceiling effect of 35.1%. The range of Spearman rank's correlations was 0.45–0.62 for convergent validity and 0.14–0.46 for divergent validity. Among different health subgroups, the effect size for the CHROME-G, EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 was 1.348–3.416, 1.362–3.325 and 1.097–2.228, respectively. The ICC for test–retest was 0.791 for the CHROME-G, compared with 0.994 and 0.971 for the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2. Conclusions: The CHROME-G showed good and comparable psychometric properties with the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social touch promotes psychological well‐being through inducing positive effects on social affiliation and stress alleviation, especially in adolescence. However, there is a scarcity of instruments available for evaluating adolescents' attitude toward social touch in China. The present study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Social Touch Questionnaire (STQ) in Chinese adolescents. A total of 2839 high school students were enrolled, ranging in age from 11 to 19 years. The dimensions of the scale were conducted by exploratory factor analysis, and validated by confirmatory factor analysis. A three‐factor model showed the best fit and consisted of the following subgroups: liking of informal social touch, liking of general social touch, and dislike of social touch. Furthermore, positive associations were found between social touch and interaction anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality. Short‐term prediction of dislike of social touch in anxiety symptoms was determined, while no significant predictor of depressive symptoms was found. The STQ demonstrates reliability and validity as a self‐report questionnaire designed to assess behaviors and attitudes toward social touch. It effectively adapts to the nuances of the Chinese context among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) is an increasingly used health literacy instrument that has been translated into many languages. The HLQ has 44 items and comprises 9 scales assessing the multidimensional construct of health literacy. This study reports the HLQ reliability and construct validity tested in people with chronic diseases living in Vietnam. Methods Adults (n = 600) hospitalized with chronic disease in Vietnam completed the HLQ. Floor and ceiling effects, item, and scale difficulty levels were assessed. Generalized linear models with backward modeling techniques were performed to test key variables associated with each HL domain. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) testing nine one-factor models were fitted to test the structure of each scale, and a nine-factor model tested the hypothesized structure of the HLQ, followed by the calculation of scale reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Results No item had floor effects, and only eight items showed ceiling effects. Two scales that had the most difficult tasks to complete (highest difficulty level) were 8 “Ability to find good information” and 9 “Understanding enough to know what to do”. Variables associated with health literacy were education, income, age, residential area, main support persons and comorbidity index (associated with 7, 7, 4, 3, 2 and 2 out of 9 scales, respectively). Each HLQ scale demonstrated a robust unidimensional construct with all CFI ≥ 0.95, RMSEA varied from 0 to 0.07. The nine-factor CFA model demonstrated satisfactory fit indices: X2 = 5537.4, 866 df, p

Background/Objective: The perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity play crucial roles in determining daily physical activity levels. However, previous studies have employed tools lacking adequate validation, leading to inconsistent conclusions about the impact of these two factors. Therefore, this national, population-based study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties, measurement invariance, and predictive validity of the Chinese versions of the perceived benefits (C-PBEPA) and barriers to physical activity (C-PBAPA) scales. Methods: The final sample (N = 2942, 49.3 % for boys) was randomly split into two subsamples. The first subsample was used for exploratory factor analysis and the second subsample was used for confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance across gender and age groups were examined. Structural equation models were developed to examine the predictive validity of the revised C-PBEPA and C-PBAPA on moderate to vigorous PA. Results: The results showed that both scales were unidimensional, had excellent model fit (e.g., X2/df 0.9, RMSEA 0.01) and supported the predictive validity of both scales (p

Aims: The present methodological study attempted to develop the Fear of Disasters Scale (FDS) and reveal its psychometric properties. Methods: While explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out on the data of 265 voluntary participants, the data of 75 participants were used to explore the test–retest reliability of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out on the data of 150 participants. All analyses were performed on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 and linear structural relations (LISRELs) programs. Results: Cronbach's α value was calculated to be 0.93. The test–retest reliability analysis resulted in a significant, very strong, and positive correlation (p < 0.001; r = 0.92). The CFA yielded the following fit indices for the scale: p > 0.05, χ2/df = 1.51, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.02, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.96, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.97. Conclusions: The findings revealed that the one‐factor instrument with seven items is valid and reliable for measuring fear of disasters (FD) in the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: There is little consensus in the literature regarding a) what it means for a school leader to lead with data, and b) how to measure data-informed leadership in a reliable and valid way. This study examines the psychometric properties of an operational measure intended to assess the extent to which a school leader is a 'data-informed school leader. The measurement invariance, reliabilities and construct and predictive validities of the Data-Informed School Leadership Survey (DISL Survey) are assessed using various psychometric statistical techniques. Methods: Using data collected from 155 teachers from 7 public schools in a southern state, the following psychometric statistics used to address our purpose: the Many-Facet Rasch (MFR) Model, Bayesian second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling- Multiple Indicators, Multiple Causes analysis (Bayesian SEM-MIMIC), and reliability analysis. Findings: Results show an adequate fit from all MFR, Bayesian CFA, and MIMIC models and a high reliability (Cronbach α =.98). The DISL Survey instrument exhibits sound psychometric properties. Results likewise confirm the value of using MFR modeling and Bayesian methods to examine the psychometric properties of DISL Survey as a means of improving educational leadership measures. Implications for Research and Practice: Data from this study confirm the validity and reliability of the Data-Informed School Leadership Survey (DISL Survey) as an instrument to assess the strengths and weaknesses of Data-Informed School Leadership (DISL) and as a means for providing feedback for improving such leadership. Heretofore a measure for assessing this leadership was non-existent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity play crucial roles in determining daily physical activity levels. However, previous studies have employed tools lacking adequate validation, leading to inconsistent conclusions about the impact of these two factors. Therefore, this national, population-based study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties, measurement invariance, and predictive validity of the Chinese versions of the perceived benefits (C-PBEPA) and barriers to physical activity (C-PBAPA) scales. The final sample (N = 2942, 49.3 % for boys) was randomly split into two subsamples. The first subsample was used for exploratory factor analysis and the second subsample was used for confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance across gender and age groups were examined. Structural equation models were developed to examine the predictive validity of the revised C-PBEPA and C-PBAPA on moderate to vigorous PA. The results showed that both scales were unidimensional, had excellent model fit (e.g., X 2/df < 3, CFI >0.9, RMSEA <0.06) and demonstrated convergent validity. Findings also revealed lack of scalar invariance for C-PBAPA between preadolescents and adolescents' groups (ΔCFI >0.01) and supported the predictive validity of both scales (p < 0.001). The study demonstrated that the revised C-PBEPA and C-PBAPA are valid scales for measuring Chinese adolescents' perceived benefits and barriers to PA. • This is a nationwide, population-based scales validation study. Data analysis involved both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tests. Findings showed that both scales were unidimensional, exhibited excellent model fit, and demonstrated convergent validity. Findings unveiled a lack of scalar invariance for C-PBAPA between preadolescent and adolescent groups. Results also supported the predictive validity of both scales in forecasting daily physical activitiy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To date, there is a lack of consensus on the timely implementation of palliative care (PC) in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). We aimed to investigate the impact of primary PC intervention on chronic HF patients with different classes of cardiac function, and to determine a proper time point for the implementation of primary PC intervention. Methods: A consecutive series of 180 chronic HF patients with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Cardiac function ranging from I to III were enrolled in this study. Patients with the same cardiac function class, they were randomized and equally assigned to the usual care (UC) group or to the PC intervention group. At the end of 24-week treatment, quality-of-life (QoL) measurements were evaluated. Left ventricular ejection fraction and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were measured for each group at baseline and the final follow-up, respectively. Results: Through the 6-month follow-up, patients randomized to the PC intervention group presented significantly better QoL and cardiac function as compared with patients randomized to the UC group alone. Subgroup analysis showed that for patients with NYHA class II or III, significantly improved cardiac function and QoL were observed in the PC intervention group as compared with the control group. As for patients with class I, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Palliative program can effectively improve the QoL and cardiac function of patients with chronic HF. Moreover, we provided evidence on timely referral of patients to PC intervention, which could be beneficial for patients with NYHA class II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to address the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Screening Scale for Indirect Trauma Caused by Media Exposure to Social Disasters (SITMES). This study was a methodological research. The data was collected between July 17 and September 18, 2023. The sample consisted of individuals aged 18 and older residing in any province across Turkiye. The data of 530 participants were collected through online (Google Forms) and face‐to‐face (for test–retest purposes) methods (405 through Google Forms and 125 face‐to‐face participants in Burdur province). The data were collected using a demographic information form (six questions), the SITMES (24 items), the 6‐item Brief Resilience Scale, and the 22‐item Impact of Event Scale‐Revised. All analyses were performed on the SPSS 25.0 and LISREL programmes. Cronbach's α values were calculated to be.91 for the "psychological, physical, and behavioural responses to social disasters" subscale, 0.89 for the "moral resentment due to social disasters" subscale, 0.86 for the "a sense of threat to life due to social disasters" subscale, and 0.92 for the SITMES total score. The replicated confirmatory factor analysis with the mentioned modifications yielded the following goodness‐of‐fit indices: p <.05, χ2/df = 4.1, RMSEA = 0.07, RMR = 0.08, SRMR = 0.06, NFI = 0.88, NNFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.91, IFI = 0.91, and ECVI = 2.13. The findings revealed that the scale consisting of 24 items within three subscales can validly and reliably utilized in the Turkish context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractWith the emerging trend of researching teacher identity from using qualitative approach to adopting quantitative or mixed-methods approach, it is essential and significant to develop instruments for measuring this construct. This paper reports on the development and validation of a measurement tool, the English Teacher Identity Measure (ETIM). ETIM is designed to measure in-service English teachers’ identity levels. In accordance with DeVellis (2017) scale development guidelines, ETIM was developed following the procedure: (a) defining the construct and identifying indicators; (b) creating item pool; (c) seeking expert advice and validating the translation. The psychometric properties of the ETIM were explored on two separate participant groups. First, the initial 24-item ETIM was piloted online with 103 Chinese university EFL teachers for factor structure. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in a 19-item scale with four factors: (a) future perspective, (b) career perception, (c) teacher belief, and (d) self-efficacy. Secondly, the 19-item ETIM was used to collect data from 331 university EFL teachers in a provincial capital city. The confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) using Smart PLS3.3.9 software confirmed the 19-item ETIM. The applications of the ETIM are discussed, and recommendations for future research are made in this paper.

Introduction The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is widely used in different population groups to assess self-reported sleep quality over the previous month. As the Arabic language is spoken by more than 400 million people, the PSQI has been translated into Arabic for its optimal application to Arabic-speaking individuals. However, the test-retest reliability of the Arabic version of the PSQI has not been reported yet.

Abstract Background Given the lack of valid and reliable instruments for evaluating the quality of communication between physicians and cancer patients and their family caregivers in China, this study translated and culturally adapted the Quality of Communication questionnaires for cancer patients (QOC-P) and their family caregivers (QOC-F) for use in the Chinese context and evaluated their psychometric properties. Methods The QOC-P and QOC-F were translated following an adapted version of Brislin’s translation model and culturally adapted according to a Delphi expert panel. We pretested and refined the Chinese versions of the QOC-P and QOC-F among 16 dyads of patients and their family caregivers. Subsequently, we administered the questionnaires to 228 dyads of patients and their family caregivers who were recruited from six tertiary hospitals. The content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, and reliability of the QOC-P and QOC-F were examined. Results Through exploratory factor analysis, The QOC-P and QOC-F were divided into two dimensions: general communication and end-of-life communication. The Cronbach’s coefficients ranged from 0.905 to 0.907 for the two subscales of the QOC-P and from 0.908 to 0.953 for the two subscales of the QOC-F. The two-week test-retest reliability was acceptable for both the QOC-P and QOC-F, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.993 and 0.991, respectively. The scale content validity index (QOC-P: 0.857, QOC-F: 1.0) and split-half reliability (QOC-P: 0.833, QOC-F: 0.935) were satisfactory. There was a negative correlation with anxiety and depression for both the QOC-P (r = -0.233 & -0.241, p

(1) Background: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders often experience psychological distress, which can affect the quality of childcare they provide. It is crucial to screen for psychiatric symptoms among these parents. The core symptom index (CSI) is a widely recognized tool used to assess general symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and somatic issues. It has proven validity and reliability across diverse Thai populations. Given the cultural similarities between Thai and Chinese populations, the CSI has been successfully implemented within the Chinese population. Nevertheless, it is crucial to research its validity and reliability in the general Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the CSI among parents of children with autism spectrum disorders using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). (2) Methods: A total of 794 Chinese parents raising children with autism participated in this study. All completed the CSI, along with the social inhibition subscale of the Interpersonal Problems Inventory and the Couple Satisfaction Index. Factorial validity was assessed using CFA to determine how well the bifactor three-factor model fits the data. Various structural models were compared using model fit indices. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined by exploring correlations with the social inhibition subscale and the Couple Satisfaction Index. Invariance testing of the CSI was conducted across multiple groups based on gender, age, and education using CFA. The reliability of the CSI was evaluated using McDonald’s omega coefficients. (3) Results: The bifactor model emerged as the best-fitting model for the data, suggesting that the total score of the CSI adequately represents overall psychiatric symptoms. The CSI exhibited significant correlations with the social inhibition subscale (r = 0.41, p < 0.01) and smaller correlation coefficients with the Couple Satisfaction Index (r = −0.16, p < 0.05), indicating both convergent and discriminant validity. The invariant test results support scalar invariance levels based on gender and age but only partial invariance for education. The Chinese version of the CSI demonstrated high consistency, with McDonald’s omega coefficients ranging between 0.86 and 0.95. (4) Conclusions: The bifactor model of the Chinese version of the CSI is validated, making it a suitable tool for measuring depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms among parent(s) of children with autism spectrum disorders. Further research on other Chinese populations is encouraged.

Background: While numeric scales to represent pain intensity have been well validated, individuals use various conceptualizations when assigning a number to pain intensity, referred to as pain rating schema. The 18-item Pain Schema Inventory (PSI-18) quantifies pain rating schema by asking for numeric values for multiple mild, moderate or severe pain conditions. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a shortened form of the PSI, using only 6 items (PSI-6). Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on two existing datasets. The first (n = 641) involved a community-based population that completed the PSI-18. The second (n = 182) included participants with chronic pain who completed the PSI-6 twice, one week apart. We assessed face validity, convergent validity, offset biases, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the PSI-6 compared to the PSI-18. Results: Both the PSI-18 and PSI-6 demonstrated excellent face validity. The PSI-6 demonstrated excellent convergent validity relative to the PSI-18, with correlations from r = 0.88 to 0.92. Bland-Altman plots revealed offset biases near zero (< 0.22 on 0-10 scale) across all categories of mild, moderate, severe and average pain. Internal consistency was excellent, with Cronbach's Alpha = 0.91 and 0.80, for PSI-18 and PSI-6 respectively. Test-retest reliability of the PSI-6 was high with correlations from r = 0.70-0.76. Conclusion: The PSI-6 is a valid and reliable tool to assess pain rating schema with reduced subject burden, to better interpret individuals' pain ratings and adjust for inter-individual variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate the the Utah Photophobia Symptom Impact Scale-12 questionnaire into Persian and assess the psychometric aspects to check its validity and reliability based on the Rasch modelling method. Translation and cultural adjustment of the English language UPSIS-12 questionnaire to Persian was undertaken. A total of 61 patients with complaints of photophobia participated in evaluating validity and reliability aspects. All the participants were asked to complete the Persian translation of the UPSIS-12 questionnaire. Rasch analyses of the survey items were conducted using WINSTEPS. All items fit the Rasch model. Point-measure correlation values varied from 0.41 to 0.77, providing a preliminary indication of adequate construct validity. All factor loadings were found more than 0.4. All items obtained infit and outfit mean square (MnSq) values of < 2.0. All participants except 5 had normal outfit values. Patients' abilities relative to the items' difficulty were analysed. Item difficulty was estimated and item characteristic curves were included. Sufficient unidimensionality, hierarchical order, and equal interval scoring were obtained. In conclusion, the Persian UPSIS-10 questionnaire has excellent psychometric properties and it will be valuable in both clinical practice and research. It will help Persian practitioners to assess their patients' photophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese Short‐Form Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ‐SF) among nursing students in the Chinese mainland. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: A total of 240 undergraduate nursing students were recruited from a school of nursing in Beijing, China from 25 to 30 April 2021. FFMQ‐SF and Depression‐Anxiety‐Stress Scale were used to collect information on the mindfulness level and mental health status of the study participants. Descriptive analyses were performed to examine the demographic characteristics. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to test the structural, convergent and discriminant validity of the scale model. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the variables and the criterion validity. Results: The overall fit of the scale model is good (Bollen–Stine χ2 = 177.206, df = 142, GFI = 0.923, AGFI = 0.883, TLI = 0.980, CFI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.032, SRMR = 0.090). One‐factor models using CFA demonstrated the overall best fit for four out of five subscales of the FFMQ‐SF. In the five‐factor CFA of the FFMQ‐SF, the composite reliability values of the five factors were from 0.685 to 0.870 and the values of average variance extracted were from 0.426 to 0.627. Patient or Public Contribution: The students who participated in this study contributed to the advancement of knowledge on mindfulness and mental health among nursing students in China. They voluntarily completed the online questionnaires and provided their honest and valid responses. Their data was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the FFMQ‐SF and to examine the relationship between mindfulness and psychological problems. Their feedback also helped to improve the quality and applicability of the FFMQ‐SF instrument for future research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders often experience psychological distress, which can affect the quality of childcare they provide. It is crucial to screen for psychiatric symptoms among these parents. The core symptom index (CSI) is a widely recognized tool used to assess general symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and somatic issues. It has proven validity and reliability across diverse Thai populations. Given the cultural similarities between Thai and Chinese populations, the CSI has been successfully implemented within the Chinese population. Nevertheless, it is crucial to research its validity and reliability in the general Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the CSI among parents of children with autism spectrum disorders using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). (2) Methods: A total of 794 Chinese parents raising children with autism participated in this study. All completed the CSI, along with the social inhibition subscale of the Interpersonal Problems Inventory and the Couple Satisfaction Index. Factorial validity was assessed using CFA to determine how well the bifactor three-factor model fits the data. Various structural models were compared using model fit indices. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined by exploring correlations with the social inhibition subscale and the Couple Satisfaction Index. Invariance testing of the CSI was conducted across multiple groups based on gender, age, and education using CFA. The reliability of the CSI was evaluated using McDonald's omega coefficients. (3) Results: The bifactor model emerged as the best-fitting model for the data, suggesting that the total score of the CSI adequately represents overall psychiatric symptoms. The CSI exhibited significant correlations with the social inhibition subscale (r = 0.41, p < 0.01) and smaller correlation coefficients with the Couple Satisfaction Index (r = −0.16, p < 0.05), indicating both convergent and discriminant validity. The invariant test results support scalar invariance levels based on gender and age but only partial invariance for education. The Chinese version of the CSI demonstrated high consistency, with McDonald's omega coefficients ranging between 0.86 and 0.95. (4) Conclusions: The bifactor model of the Chinese version of the CSI is validated, making it a suitable tool for measuring depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms among parent(s) of children with autism spectrum disorders. Further research on other Chinese populations is encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study provides information regarding the test-retest reliability of the SPPB in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. • The test-retest reliability for the SPPB score is sufficient (> 0.7) for group-comparisons. • The test-retest reliability for the subscale performance are acceptable (> 0.9) for individual-level measurements over time. • The MDC values provide clinicians and researchers with the thresholds for determining real improvement (beyond random measurement error). Reliability of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) are rarely examined among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the SPPB in older adults with MCI. Participants included 100 older adults with MCI. The SPPB was assessed with the first 2 assessments separated by a 20-min interval and the third separated by a 1-week interval. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and MDC values were estimated. The intraday ICC was 0.73 for the SPPB score, 0.90 for the 4-m walk time (4mwt), and 0.95 for the 5-times chair stand time (5cst); the corresponding interday ICC values were 0.76, 0.89, and 0.91, respectively. The MDC values ranged from 1.1 to 1.2 for the SPPB score, from 0.77 to 0.80 s for the 4mwt, and from 1.32 to 1.77 for the 5cst. The SPPB had satisfactory reliability among older adults with MCI. The test-retest reliability of the SPPB is sufficient (>0.7) for group comparisons. Moreover, the test-retest reliability for the 4mwt and 5cst subscale performances is acceptable (> 0.9) for individual-level measurements over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: Occupational function assessment is essential for rehabilitation of severe mental illness but lacks comprehensive tools. Method: This study examines the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of the Vocational Cognitive Rating Scale (VCRS) and the Work Behavior Inventory (WBI) in 60 chronic patients from a psychiatric daycare center and identifies clinical correlates of occupational function measured on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: The Chinese VCRS and WBI showed adequate internal consistency, interrater and test–retest reliability, and good convergent validity with the Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Evaluation Scale. Factor analysis favored a one-factor solution of the VCRS; and a four-factor structure in the WBI including Efficiency, Social Interaction, Appropriateness, and Regularity. The VCRS and Efficiency were predicted by fewer disorganization but greater affective symptoms. Social Interaction was negatively predicted by resistance symptoms. Appropriateness was associated with all but negative symptoms. Regularity was predicted by fewer negative symptoms. Considering work behavior altogether, WBI total scores were predicted by fewer negative, fewer disorganization, and greater affective symptoms. Conclusions and Implication for Practice: Findings suggest that the Chinese VCRS and WBI have sound psychometric properties and are suitable for both clinical trials and for planning personalized rehabilitation programs. Impact and Implications: This study provided the first validation of the Vocational Cognitive Rating Scale and the Work Behavior Inventory—two functional assessment tools regarding work performance specific to patients with mental illness—in an Asian country. We derived a new factor structure for finding unique relationships between clinical profiles and each facet of various work behaviors. The findings provide evidence to support a more delicate assessment of occupational function while providing a fundamental foundation for developing future personalized rehabilitation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundWhile numeric scales to represent pain intensity have been well validated, individuals use various conceptualizations when assigning a number to pain intensity, referred to as pain rating schema. The 18-item Pain Schema Inventory (PSI-18) quantifies pain rating schema by asking for numeric values for multiple mild, moderate or severe pain conditions. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a shortened form of the PSI, using only 6 items (PSI-6).MethodsA secondary analysis was performed on two existing datasets. The first (n = 641) involved a community-based population that completed the PSI-18. The second (n = 182) included participants with chronic pain who completed the PSI-6 twice, one week apart. We assessed face validity, convergent validity, offset biases, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the PSI-6 compared to the PSI-18.ResultsBoth the PSI-18 and PSI-6 demonstrated excellent face validity. The PSI-6 demonstrated excellent convergent validity relative to the PSI-18, with correlations from r = 0.88 to 0.92. Bland-Altman plots revealed offset biases near zero (< 0.22 on 0–10 scale) across all categories of mild, moderate, severe and average pain. Internal consistency was excellent, with Cronbach's Alpha = 0.91 and 0.80, for PSI-18 and PSI-6 respectively. Test-retest reliability of the PSI-6 was high with correlations from r = 0.70–0.76.ConclusionThe PSI-6 is a valid and reliable tool to assess pain rating schema with reduced subject burden, to better interpret individuals’ pain ratings and adjust for inter-individual variability.

Abstract Aim To analyse the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese Short‐Form Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ‐SF) among nursing students in the Chinese mainland. Design A cross‐sectional study. Methods A total of 240 undergraduate nursing students were recruited from a school of nursing in Beijing, China from 25 to 30 April 2021. FFMQ‐SF and Depression‐Anxiety‐Stress Scale were used to collect information on the mindfulness level and mental health status of the study participants. Descriptive analyses were performed to examine the demographic characteristics. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to test the structural, convergent and discriminant validity of the scale model. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the variables and the criterion validity. Results The overall fit of the scale model is good (Bollen–Stine χ2 = 177.206, df = 142, GFI = 0.923, AGFI = 0.883, TLI = 0.980, CFI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.032, SRMR = 0.090). One‐factor models using CFA demonstrated the overall best fit for four out of five subscales of the FFMQ‐SF. In the five‐factor CFA of the FFMQ‐SF, the composite reliability values of the five factors were from 0.685 to 0.870 and the values of average variance extracted were from 0.426 to 0.627. Patient or Public Contribution The students who participated in this study contributed to the advancement of knowledge on mindfulness and mental health among nursing students in China. They voluntarily completed the online questionnaires and provided their honest and valid responses. Their data was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the FFMQ‐SF and to examine the relationship between mindfulness and psychological problems. Their feedback also helped to improve the quality and applicability of the FFMQ‐SF instrument for future research and practice.

Abstract Background Problems associated with alcohol use are multidimensional with psychiatric, psychological, physical, and social aspects, which makes it challenging to choose appropriate assessment scales. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of existing alcohol scales. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted for articles that assessed the psychometric properties of scales for alcohol use disorder on March 19, 2023, using Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Only scales whose original development papers were cited more than 20 times were included. The methodological quality and psychometric properties of the scales were evaluated using COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments. The overall rating of the scales were assessed with a score ranging from 0 to 18. Results In total, 314 studies and 40 scales were identified. These scales differ widely in measurement methods, target populations, and psychometric properties. The overall mean score was 6.3, and only the following three scales received >9 points suggesting a moderate level of evidence: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), and Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD). Measurement error and responsiveness were not evaluated or reported in the included scales. Conclusions Although the AUDIT, ADS, and SADD were rated the highest among the 40 scales, they showed, at most, a moderate level of evidence. These findings underscore the need to accumulate further evidence to assure the quality of the scales. It may be advisable to select and combine scales to meet the purpose of the assessment.

Abstract Background Researchers have demonstrated that various measurement concepts and dimensions depend on context and timing. Objectives The current study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Javanese couples’ marital quality scale based on validity and reliability Methods In total 840 participants or 420 marital dyad from Java, Indonesia, were involved in this study. The psychometrics properties scale was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant analysis, and composite reliability. Results The exploratory factor analysis found relationship quality to consist of support, physical proximity, warmth, communication, acceptance and respect, role sharing, and responsibility factors. Well-being quality consists of happiness, harmony, and problem-solving. The fit of the measurement model was obtained using confirmatory factor analysis. The fit model was also found in the husband’s and wife’s groups, with no differences between them. The high correlations between wife-husband factors also proved the validity based on convergent and discriminant evidence. The reliability coefficient was high for each dimension and construct. Discussion This analysis shows that the marital quality scale developed has information on psychometric properties that can be useful for researchers and the practicians using the marital quality instrument of Javanese couples in particular.

Introduction: Drinking expectancies, the perceived consequences of alcohol consumption, are noted to predict drinking behaviours. However, there is comparatively little research of drinking expectancies in non‐Western populations. This study aimed to develop and validate a Chinese Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire (CDEQ‐Adult) for Chinese young adults. Methods: Face and content validity were first assessed of items generated from literature review and previously conducted focus groups. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted with split‐half samples from a random telephone survey that was conducted on Hong Kong Chinese adults between the ages of 18–34 (n = 675). The instrument's convergent validity and internal reliability were also examined. Results: The preliminary instrument items showed good content validity (Item Content Validity Index range: 0.8–1.0). The EFA yielded a 31‐item, five‐factor model consisting of five domains: Negative Consequences, Interpersonal Benefits, Increased Confidence, Health Benefits and Tension/Stress Reduction (variance explained 63.7%). The CFA revealed that the fit indices for the five‐factor model using diagonal weighted least squares estimator were χ2 (256, N = 338) = 394.04, p < 0.001, comparative fit index 0.97, SRMR 0.07, RMSEA 0.06 (95% confidence interval 0.06, 0.08), suggesting a good fit of the model. The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.94, 0.90, 0.86, 0.77 and 0.57, respectively for each of the five domains (n = 675). Significant associations with past month drinking behaviours and future drinking intentions give strong support for convergent validity. Discussion and Conclusions: The CDEQ‐Adult is a culturally relevant instrument for assessing drinking expectancies in Chinese young adults for use in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess and compare psychometric properties of the 3 health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments EQ-5D Youth version (EQ-5D-Y), Child Health Utility 9D (CHU-9D), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) in children and adolescents with functional dyspepsia (FD) in China. A consecutive sample of FD outpatients were recruited from 6 tertiary medical centers in Hangzhou. The patients self-completed the 3 instruments in random order. Their feasibility, acceptability, construct validity (convergent, divergent, and known-group validity), and sensitivity were assessed. Multiple linear regression was used for identifying HRQOL-associated factors. A total of 1100 patients (mean age, 9.2 years; girl, 56.8%) completed the survey with no missing responses. Ceiling effect was quite higher in EQ-5D-Y (60.9%) than CHU-9D (33.8%) and PedsQL 4.0 (1.0%). The EQ-5D-Y and CHU-9D utility scores and PedsQL 4.0 total score were highly correlated (|r| = 0.593-0.661), except for the EuroQol visual analog scale score (EQ-VAS). The intraclass correlation coefficient between the 2 utility scores was fair (0.542). Most conceptually similar dimensions among the 3 instruments showed moderate to high correlations (|r| > 0.3) as hypothesized. The difference was statistically significant for the 2 utility scores and PedsQL 4.0 total score in varied severity groups (P <.001), and PedsQL 4.0 total score had higher relative efficiency and effect size values. The child's age, severity of FD symptoms, and their guardian's education had significant impact on HRQOL (P <.001). EQ-5D-Y, CHU-9D, and PedsQL 4.0 demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties in Chinese children with FD. PedsQL 4.0 showed superior sensitivity and is recommended. EQ-5D-Y and CHU-9D utility scores were not interchangeable. The measurement properties of EQ-VAS need to be further explored. • The EQ-5D Youth version, Child Health Utility 9D, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 are widely used pediatric health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments. Nevertheless, no study has yet tested and compared their performance in populations with functional dyspepsia (FD). • This study demonstrated the potential of EQ-5D Youth version, Child Health Utility 9D, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 in measuring HRQOL in Chinese children and adolescents with FD. • The findings provide insights for choosing appropriate instruments to accurately measure HRQOL in children and adolescents with FD, which is valuable for disease burden survey, clinical efficacy evaluation, and health technology assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Problems associated with alcohol use are multidimensional with psychiatric, psychological, physical, and social aspects, which makes it challenging to choose appropriate assessment scales. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of existing alcohol scales. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for articles that assessed the psychometric properties of scales for alcohol use disorder on March 19, 2023, using Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Only scales whose original development papers were cited more than 20 times were included. The methodological quality and psychometric properties of the scales were evaluated using COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments. The overall rating of the scales were assessed with a score ranging from 0 to 18. Results: In total, 314 studies and 40 scales were identified. These scales differ widely in measurement methods, target populations, and psychometric properties. The overall mean score was 6.3, and only the following three scales received >9 points suggesting a moderate level of evidence: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), and Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD). Measurement error and responsiveness were not evaluated or reported in the included scales. Conclusions: Although the AUDIT, ADS, and SADD were rated the highest among the 40 scales, they showed, at most, a moderate level of evidence. These findings underscore the need to accumulate further evidence to assure the quality of the scales. It may be advisable to select and combine scales to meet the purpose of the assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to determine the validity and reliability of the northern Thai version of the TSK-17 in community-dwelling people with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Participants with knee osteoarthritis living in Chiang Rai province were invited to participate in this study and were asked to complete the northern Thai version of the questionnaire. TSK-17 northern Thai version was administered twice with a seven-day interval, as was the Thai version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Furthermore, the participants completed the Thai version of the medical outcomes study short-form survey version 2.0 (SF-36V2) and a timed-up and go test (TUGT). The findings revealed that 50 people took part in this study and completed the northern Thai version of the TSK-17 in five minutes. The TSK-17 northern Thai version demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.80) and test-retest reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.84). Convergent validity demonstrated a strong correlation with the Thai version of WOMAC (r = 0.70) and a weak correlation with the TUGT (r = 0.45). According to the findings of this study, the northern Thai version of the TSK-17 has acceptable validity and reliability for evaluating fear of movement in community-dwelling individuals with KOA.

Background: Researchers have demonstrated that various measurement concepts and dimensions depend on context and timing. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Javanese couples' marital quality scale based on validity and reliability Methods: In total 840 participants or 420 marital dyad from Java, Indonesia, were involved in this study. The psychometrics properties scale was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant analysis, and composite reliability. Results: The exploratory factor analysis found relationship quality to consist of support, physical proximity, warmth, communication, acceptance and respect, role sharing, and responsibility factors. Well-being quality consists of happiness, harmony, and problem-solving. The fit of the measurement model was obtained using confirmatory factor analysis. The fit model was also found in the husband's and wife's groups, with no differences between them. The high correlations between wife-husband factors also proved the validity based on convergent and discriminant evidence. The reliability coefficient was high for each dimension and construct. Discussion: This analysis shows that the marital quality scale developed has information on psychometric properties that can be useful for researchers and the practicians using the marital quality instrument of Javanese couples in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study is to identify and assess the psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of self-management for chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Methods and results: Eleven databases and two websites were searched from the inception to 1 June 2022. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) risk of bias checklist was used to assess the methodological quality. The COSMIN criteria were used to rate and summarize the psychometric properties of each PROM. The modified Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was used to assess the certainty of evidence. In total, 43 studies reported on the psychometric properties of 11 PROMs. Structural validity and internal consistency were the parameters evaluated most frequently. Limited information was identified on hypotheses testing for construct validity, reliability, criterion validity, and responsiveness. No data regarding measurement error and cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance were achieved. High-quality evidence on psychometric properties was provided for Self-care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) v6.2, SCHFI v7.2, and European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale 9-item (EHFScBS-9). Conclusion: Based on the findings from the included studies, SCHFI v6.2, SCHFI v7.2, and EHFScBS-9 could be recommended to evaluate self-management for CHF patients. Further studies are necessary to evaluate more psychometric properties, such as measurement error, cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance, responsiveness, and criterion validity, and carefully evaluate the content validity. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022322290 Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective to examine the measurement properties of instruments that have been used to measure aspects of psychological capacity in adults aged 60 years and over. Methods the databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMCARE and Scopus from 2010 were searched using search terms related to psychological capacity, older persons and measurement properties. Both data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were conducted using the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) criteria using Covidence software. Results the full text of 326 articles were reviewed and a total of 30 studies were included, plus two further articles identified from reference lists (n  = 32). No single instrument measuring psychological capacity was identified. Twenty (n  = 20) instruments were identified that measure seven constructs of psychological capacity: Resilience; Sense of coherence; Hope; Mindfulness; Optimism; Attachment to life; Emotional regulation. Conclusions this systematic review identified potential measures of psychological capacity in older adults. The review will inform further work to develop a single comprehensive measure of psychological capacity in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Rumination, a transdiagnostic factor in different psychopathological conditions, is believed to be activated and sustained by dysfunctional metacognition. The Positive Beliefs about Rumination Scale (PBRS) and the Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale (NBRS) have been used to measure the metacognitive beliefs of rumination and have been investigated in many cultural contexts. However, it remains unclear whether these scales can work as well for the Chinese population. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of these scales and to test the metacognitive model of rumination for students with different levels of depression. Methods The PBRS and NBRS were forward-backward translated into Mandarin. In total 1,025 college students were recruited to complete a battery of web-based questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis were used to test the structure, validity, and reliability of the two scales, as well as their item correlations with rumination. Results A new two-factor structure of the PBRS (rather than the original one-factor model) and a new three-factor structure of the NBRS (rather than the original two-factor model) were extracted. The goodness-of-fit indices of these two factor models showed they had a good to very good fit with the data. The internal consistency and construct validity of PBRS and NBRS were also affirmed. Conclusion The Chinese versions of the PBRS and the NBRS were generally shown to be reliable and valid, but their newly extracted structures fit the Chinese college students better than their original structures. These new models of PBRS and NBRS are of value to be further explored in Chinese population.

Abstract Background Stroke is a devastating disease and can be sufficiently traumatic to induce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-stroke PTSD is attracting increasing attention, but there was no study assessing the psychometric properties of the PCL-5 in stroke populations. Our study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in Chinese stroke patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at our hospital. Three hundred and forty-eight Chinese stroke patients came to our hospital for outpatient service were recruited. They were instructed to complete the PCL-5 scales and were interviewed for PTSD diagnosis with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). The cutoff scores, reliability and validity of the PCL-5 were analyzed. Results PCL-5 scores in our sample were positively skewed, suggesting low levels of PTSD symptoms. The reliability of PCL-5 was good. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated acceptable construct validity, and confirmed the multi-dimensionality of the PCL-5. By CFA analysis, the seven-factor hybrid model demonstrated the best model fit. The PCL-5 also showed good convergent validity and discriminant validity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed a PCL-5 score of 37 achieved optimal sensitivity and specificity for detecting PTSD. Conclusions Our findings supported the use of PCL-5 as a psychometrically adequate measure of post-stroke PTSD in the Chinese patients.

Background: Anxiety scale based on Ayurveda would help Ayurveda physicians to measure and initiate appropriate treatment strategies. Objectives: The objective of the study was to develop a clinical assessment scale for anxiety based on Ayurveda science. Materials and methods: Ayurveda assessment scale for anxiety (AAA) was developed and subjected to various psychometric evaluations. Patients of generalized anxiety disorder with social phobia (GAD with SP) (n = 31) meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria and age, sex-matched healthy subjects (n = 31) were enrolled from NIMHANS Psychiatry OPD. Two independent Ayurveda experts evaluated both patients and healthy subjects using AAA, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Reliability and validity assessments were carried out. The sensitivity to treatment-induced change was evaluated in a randomized controlled clinical trial. 72 patients of GAD with SP meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria, aged between 20 and 55 years, and either sex participated in the study. The duration of intervention was 30 days. The assessments were done through HARS, BAI, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), AAA and Clinical Global Impression scales (Severity, Improvement, and Efficacy). Results: The Interrater reliability was between - good to very good score. Validity of AAA with HARS and BAI was significant (p 0.60). Conclusions: The psychometric properties such as interrater reliability, validity (criteria, convergent, divergent, face) and sensitivity to change of AAA were promising.

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Abstract Background The early identification of pre-frailty and frailty among older people is a global priority because of the increasing incidence of frailty and associated adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to validate the Groningen Frailty Indicator-Chinese (GFI-C), a widely used screening instrument, and determine the optimal cut-off value in Chinese communities to facilitate pre-frailty and frailty screening. Methods This methodological study employed a cross-sectional and correlational design to examine the psychometric properties of GFI-C, namely, internal consistency, stability, and concurrent and construct validities. The appropriate cut-off values for pre-frailty and frailty screening in the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were determined through sensitivity and specificity analysis. Results A total of 350 community older people had been assessed and interviewed by a nurse. The GFI-C showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.87) and two-week test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.87). Concurrent validity (r = 0.76, p

Ying He,1 Qian Liu,1 Qiu He,2 Lun Li3 1School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 2The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 3Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ying He, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, No. 371 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15874107215, Email yinghe@hunnu.edu.cnBackground: Lack of information on technology Acceptance of Social Assistant robots (SARs) limits the application of robots in the elderly care sector. Currently, no study has not reported a robot acceptance assessment tool in China.Purpose: The current study aimed to translate the Almere Technology Acceptance Questionnaire (ATAQ) from English to Mandarin Chinese, perform cross-cultural adaptations, and to evaluate its psychometric properties among elderly people in China.Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 comprised the context relevance evaluation, instrument translation, and cultural adaption from English to Mandarin Chinese. Phase 2 involved a quantitative cross-sectional survey of psychometric testing among 317 elderly Chinese, including reliability and evaluation of construct validity.Results: In Phase 1, the Context Relevance Index of all items was rated “ 3 = relevant” or “ 4 = totally relevant”, and the Translation Validity Index of the 100% items of the ATAQ was rated 3 or 4. The ATAQ-Chinese questionnaire comprised 30 items. In Phase 2, all items of the ATAQ-Chinese questionnaire had a CR above 3 (P< 0.001). Correlation coefficients of entries in the current study ranged from 0.403 to 0.763 (P< 0.001). Nine factors were extracted through Exploratory Factor Analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 77.175%. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the model had a good fit (χ2/df=2.006, RMSEA=0.069, RMR=0.059, GFI=0.816, IFI=0.913, TLI=0.896, CFI=0.912). The content validity index was 0.92 indicating that all questions were relevant. The value of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient showed high validity (α= 0.945, 0.664– 0.891). The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.980, indicating that the tool was reliable.Conclusion: The Chinese version of ATAQ has good reliability and validity, and it is an acceptable, reliable, and valid tool for determining technology acceptance of Social assistant robots in older adults.Keywords: Almere model, psychometric property, social assistant robots, technology acceptance

Background: Rumination, a transdiagnostic factor in different psychopathological conditions, is believed to be activated and sustained by dysfunctional metacognition. The Positive Beliefs about Rumination Scale (PBRS) and the Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale (NBRS) have been used to measure the metacognitive beliefs of rumination and have been investigated in many cultural contexts. However, it remains unclear whether these scales can work as well for the Chinese population. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of these scales and to test the metacognitive model of rumination for students with different levels of depression. Methods: The PBRS and NBRS were forward-backward translated into Mandarin. In total 1,025 college students were recruited to complete a battery of web-based questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis were used to test the structure, validity, and reliability of the two scales, as well as their item correlations with rumination. Results: A new two-factor structure of the PBRS (rather than the original one-factor model) and a new three-factor structure of the NBRS (rather than the original two-factor model) were extracted. The goodness-of-fit indices of these two factor models showed they had a good to very good fit with the data. The internal consistency and construct validity of PBRS and NBRS were also affirmed. Conclusion: The Chinese versions of the PBRS and the NBRS were generally shown to be reliable and valid, but their newly extracted structures fit the Chinese college students better than their original structures. These new models of PBRS and NBRS are of value to be further explored in Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying mental distress is a complex task, particularly when individuals experience physical symptoms. Traditional self-report questionnaires that detect psychiatric symptoms using emotional words may not work for these individuals. Consequently, there is a need for a screening tool that can identify both the physical and mental symptoms of mental distress in individuals without a clinical diagnosis. Our study aimed to develop and validate a scale that measures mental distress by measuring the extent of brain overwork, which can be extrapolated as the burden of mental distress. In this population-based cross-sectional study, we recruited a total of 739 adults aged 16–65 years from 64 sampling centers of a cohort in Mongolia to validate a 10-item self-report questionnaire. Internal consistency was measured using McDonald's ω coefficient. Test–retest reliability was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Construct and convergent validities were examined using principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the abbreviated version of World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to evaluate criterion validity. Among the participants, 70.9% were women, 22% held a bachelor's degree or higher, 38.8% were employed, and 66% were married. The overall McDonald's ω coefficient was 0.861, demonstrating evidence of excellent internal consistency. The total intraclass correlation coefficient of the test–retest analysis was 0.75, indicating moderate external reliability. PCA and CFA established a three-domain structure that provided an excellent fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.033, TLI = 0.984, CFI = 0.989, χ2 = 58, p = 0.003). This 10-item scale, the Brain Overwork Scale (BOS-10), determines mental distress in three dimensions: excessive thinking, hypersensitivity, and restless behavior. All the items had higher item-total correlations with their corresponding domain than they did with the other domains, and correlations between the domain scores had a range of 0.547–0.615. BOS-10 correlated with HADS, whereas it was inversely correlated with WHOQOL-BREF. In conclusion, the results suggest that BOS-10 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing mental distress in the general population. The scale screens for mental distress that is characterized by subjective symptoms such as excessive thinking, hypersensitivity, and restless behavior. The current findings also demonstrate that the BOS-10 is quantitative, simple, and applicable for large group testing. This scale may be useful for identifying at-risk individuals who may require further evaluation and treatment for mental distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low mental health literacy is a public health concern in China and contributes to the low underutilization of mental health resources. We extended the current conceptualization of mental health literacy and developed a comprehensive self-report measure of mental health literacy in the Chinese context, the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLQ). We generated items based on existing literature, extensive qualitative interviews with mental health professionals and community members. We revised these items based on expert review to examine content validity, after which we conducted a pilot test with a representative sample of 734 urban and rural community members to illicit feedback on wording clarity and select items within appropriate difficulty levels (i.e., correct rate). We then examined dimensionality and item performance using multidimensional item response theory analyses in a combined sample of mental health professionals (n = 122), community members (n = 121), and college students (n = 144). We concluded a six-factor structure for the MHLQ encompassing mental health knowledge, mental illness knowledge, attitudes towards mental health, attitudes towards mental illness, behaviors regarding mental health promotion, and behaviors regarding mental illness coping. The scale yielded adequate internal reliability estimates and test-retest agreement, and convergent evidence and known-group comparisons results in support of construct validity. The six-factor MHLQ largely supported our extended theoretical conceptualization of the mental health literacy in the Chinese context. Future studies are needed to further validate the factor structure and examine measurement invariance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The joint position sense (JPS) is an element of proprioception and defined as an individual's ability to recognize joint position in space. The JPS is assessed by measuring the acuity of reproducing a predetermined target angle. The quality of psychometric properties of knee JPS tests after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is uncertain. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of a passive knee JPS test in patients who underwent ACLR. We hypothesized that the passive JPS test would produce reliable absolute error, constant error, and variable error estimates after ACLR. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Nineteen male participants (mean age, 26.3 ± 4.4 years) who had undergone unilateral ACLR within the previous 12 months completed 2 sessions of bilateral passive knee JPS evaluation. JPS testing was conducted in both the flexion (starting angle, 0°) and the extension (starting angle, 90°) directions in the sitting position. The absolute error, constant error, and variable error of the JPS test in both directions were calculated at 2 target angles (30° and 60° of flexion) by using the angle reproduction method for the ipsilateral knee. The standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest real difference (SRD), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% Cis were calculated. Results: ICCs were higher for the JPS constant error (operated and nonoperated knee, 0.43-0.86 and 0.32-0.91, respectively) compared with the absolute error (0.18-0.59 and 0.09-0.86, respectively) and the variable error (0.07-0.63 and 0.09-0.73, respectively). The constant error of the 90°-60° extension test showed moderate to excellent reliability for the operated knee (ICC, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.64-0.94]; SEM, 1.63°; SRD, 4.53°), and good to excellent reliability for the nonoperated knee (ICC, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.76-0.96]; SEM, 1.53°; SRD, 4.24°). Conclusion: The test-retest reliability of the passive knee JPS tests after ACLR varied depending on the test angle, direction, and outcome measure (absolute error, constant error, or variable error). The constant error appeared to be a more reliable outcome measure than the absolute error and the variable error, mainly during the 90°-60° extension test. Clinical Relevance: As constant errors have been found reliable during the 90°-60° extension test, investigating these errors—in addition to absolute and variable errors—to reflect bias in passive JPS scores after ACLR is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saranya Panichaporn,1 Wanwisa Chanapai,2 Ananya Srisomnuek,2 Phakhamon Thaweeratthakul,1 Wanruchada Katchamart1 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Division of Clinical Trials, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandCorrespondence: Wanruchada Katchamart, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand, Tel +66 2 419 7775, Fax +66 2 418 3222, Email wanruchada.kat@mahidol.ac.thPurpose: To evaluate the psychometric properties and feasibility of the Thai version of Compliance-Questionnaire-Rheumatology (CQR)-19.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Rheumatology clinic of Siriraj hospital from October 2020 to March 2022. Literate patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and aged ≥ 18 years old were included. Participants completed the Thai CQR-19 at baseline and during a follow-up visit. A pill count at the follow-up visit indicating that ≤ 80% of prescribed pills were taken was defined as poor compliance. Feasibility was assessed by the time to completion and the number of missing questions.Results: 156 participants were enrolled and 88% were in good compliance. The sensitivity of the CQR-19 to detect good compliance was 78.2% and the specificity was 27.8%. The Thai CQR-19 showed moderate agreement (Gwet’s AC1= 0.61, p < 0.01) with 72.2% agreement against pill counts. The Thai CQR-19 had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83) with moderate test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficients = 0.64, 95% CI 0.54– 0.73; p < 0.05). There was a weak correlation between the Thai CQR-19 and disease activity (rs = 0.20, p < 0.05), and no correlation with functional disability (rs = 0.09, p = 0.25). The median (IQR) completion time was 4.42 (3.25– 6.16) minutes and 114 (73%) completed all 19 questions.Conclusion: The Thai version of CQR-19 is a valid and reliable tool to assess medication compliance in Thai patients with RA. To ensure completeness and accuracy, this questionnaire may be administered by interview.Keywords: medication compliance, rheumatoid arthritis, validity, reliability, feasibility, psychometric property

Background: Stroke is a devastating disease and can be sufficiently traumatic to induce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-stroke PTSD is attracting increasing attention, but there was no study assessing the psychometric properties of the PCL-5 in stroke populations. Our study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in Chinese stroke patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at our hospital. Three hundred and forty-eight Chinese stroke patients came to our hospital for outpatient service were recruited. They were instructed to complete the PCL-5 scales and were interviewed for PTSD diagnosis with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). The cutoff scores, reliability and validity of the PCL-5 were analyzed. Results: PCL-5 scores in our sample were positively skewed, suggesting low levels of PTSD symptoms. The reliability of PCL-5 was good. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated acceptable construct validity, and confirmed the multi-dimensionality of the PCL-5. By CFA analysis, the seven-factor hybrid model demonstrated the best model fit. The PCL-5 also showed good convergent validity and discriminant validity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed a PCL-5 score of 37 achieved optimal sensitivity and specificity for detecting PTSD. Conclusions: Our findings supported the use of PCL-5 as a psychometrically adequate measure of post-stroke PTSD in the Chinese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the number of empirical studies identifying the helpful factors correlated with beneficial psychotherapy outcomes, there is no validated scale that measures helpful therapeutic attitudes and interventions applied by therapists within the actual therapy process in China. In the current study, we developed the Helpful Therapeutic Attitudes and Interventions Scale (HTAIS) as an accessible client-rated instrument to measure useful interventions applied by the therapist during psychotherapy sessions. Materials and methods: Based on the results of previous literature and our prior psychotherapy process studies, a 40-item measure was initially designed. Two studies with a total of 2,780 Chinese participants who received psychotherapy were carried out to evaluate the structure, reliability, and validity of the developed scale. Results: Principal component analysis yielded a three-component HTAIS containing 26 items. The scale included dimensions labeled "Empathy, respect and neutrality," "Using techniques to solve practical issues," and "In-depth exploration and expansion." Confirmatory factor analysis showed the construct validity of the derived three components model. And the developed scale had high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The scale scores of the HTAIS were positively correlated with those of the Working Alliance Scale and Session Rating Scale, as well as clients' perceived therapy satisfaction, thus supporting its concurrent validity. Conclusion: The HTAIS allows an immediate examination, as experienced by the client, of the extent to which certain useful therapeutics interventions have been conducted during therapy and could help to improve the clinician's subsequent therapy strategies. Future research is suggested tofurther validate the scale, especially to assess its psychometric properties in various populations with different clinical complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An important factor in proceeding the efforts to reduce coercion in psychiatry is the attitudes of clinical staff toward its use. We aimed to develop the Japanese version of the Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale (SACS) and clarify its psychometric properties. Methods: After the translation and back-translation of the SACS, which includes 15 items consisting of three subscales, we conducted an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey of clinical staffs working in 17 wards in two psychiatric hospitals. We administered the second survey to some of the participants to confirm the test-retest reliability. Additionally, we obtained information regarding the 17 wards from the institutions. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Structural validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). For construct validity, the correlation of the SACS score within wards and its association with the actual use of seclusion/restraints were explored using multilevel multivariate linear regression analyses. Results: We used 261 (67.1%) responses, 35 responses of which were also used to examine test-retest reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.761) and ICC (0.738) indicated good reliability. The results of CFA based on the original three-dimensional structure did not indicate a good fit (CFA = 0.830, RMSEA = 0.088). EFA suggested a four-factor structure, two of which were almost consistent with the original two subscales. The correlation of the SACS score within wards was confirmed while a positive association with the actual use of seclusion/restraints was not identified. Conclusion: While the original three-dimensional structure was not replicated, construct validity was partially confirmed. Reliability of the total scale was good. In Japan, although using the subscales was not recommended, using the total scale of SACS seemed acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The early identification of pre-frailty and frailty among older people is a global priority because of the increasing incidence of frailty and associated adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to validate the Groningen Frailty Indicator-Chinese (GFI-C), a widely used screening instrument, and determine the optimal cut-off value in Chinese communities to facilitate pre-frailty and frailty screening.Methods: This methodological study employed a cross-sectional and correlational design to examine the psychometric properties of GFI-C, namely, internal consistency, stability, and concurrent and construct validities. The appropriate cut-off values for pre-frailty and frailty screening in the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were determined through sensitivity and specificity analysis.Results: A total of 350 community older people had been assessed and interviewed by a nurse. The GFI-C showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.87) and two-week test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.87). Concurrent validity (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) showed a moderate correlation with Fried's frailty phenotype. The known-groups method, hypothesis testing and confirmatory factory analysis (three-factor model; χ2/df = 2.87, TLI = 0.92, CFI = 0.93, GFI = 0.92, RMR = 0.014; RMSEA = 0.073) were suitable for the establishment of construct validity. Based on the ROC and Youden's index, the optimal cut-off GFI-C values were 2 (sensitivity, 71.5%; specificity, 84.7%) for pre-frailty and 3 for frailty (sensitivity, 88.2%; specificity, 79.6%).Conclusions: The result indicated that GFI-C is a reliable and valid instrument for pre-frailty and frailty screening among older Chinese people in communities. For optimal diagnostic accuracy, the cut-off values of 3 for frailty and 2 for pre-frailty are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Quality of Life (QoL) is a main alarm of patients with life-threatening cancer. Symptoms have an effect on their QoL. There are many standardised tools which measure the QoL among cancer patients. But there is no specific questionnaire or tool available to evaluate the chemotherapy patients in Indian context. Aim: To develop and validate a QoL tool for chemotherapy patients. Materials and Methods: This was a sequential exploratory mixed-method study, pilot. In qualitative stage, the data was gathered by involving in detail interview of 15 chemotherapy patients. Interview data were analysed by utilising conventional content analysis method and themes, and subthemes were formed. Based on it, a pool of items for the questionnaire was prepared. In quantitative stage, psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed by using face, content and construct validity. The reliability of the tool was evaluated by internal consistency and Cronbach's alpha. Overall 15 patients participated in qualitative and quantitative phase separately. Results: At the end of phase I, a draft of 104 questionnaires was formed. In phase 2, a specialist panel reviewed 84 items relevant with the domains and 20 items were erased on the basis of expert opinion, Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI). At this time, 84-item tool were given to 15 chemotherapy patients. In view of the patient's opinion, researcher drew a screen plot based on Eigen value of above 1. These four domains showed 53.846% of the total variance. Last 84 items were scrutinised as per specific domain. The end draft had a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.932. Conclusion: The newly develop tool will help the chemotherapy patients and healthcare team to evaluate the QoL. This QoL tool will also impact the cancer treatment and implement strategies accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a disease which causes gradual loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical capability of one's health mainly seen in older age. Early detection of sarcopenia and good treatment with proper diet should be necessary to prevent it. Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from chair, Climbing stairs, Falls (SARC-F) is the English questionnaire used for early screening of sarcopenia. SARC-F questionnaire contains five components. It was recognised as the most up-to-date and coherent screening tool for screening the sarcopenia. Aim: To translate and validate the Gujarati version of SARC-F questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Nootan College of Physiotherapy, Visnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India between the 1st week of May to 1st week of June 2022 to translate the English origin SARC-F questionnaire in Gujarati language. For validation process, 190 individuals more than 60 years old, both male and female across Ahmedabad with normal cognition, able to walk independently were included in the study. Individuals were asked to complete the translated version of the SARC-F questionnaire over the gap of 48 hours for measuring the test-retest reliability. Face validity and content validity were assessed by the expert committee itself. Results: A total of 190 participants were included in the study in which 87 were males and 103 females. Out of total participants 51 (26.84%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The reliability was checked by Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value which was 0.811 suggesting good reliability. Face validity was checked by the team of eight experts. Content validity was assessed with Content Validity Ratio (CVR) value more than 0.75 which suggested good content validity. The Content Validity Index for each item on the scale (I-CVI) value was in the range of 0.84-1 that also suggested good content validity at individual item level. Conclusion: The translation process and validation of SARC-F Gujarati questionnaire demonstrated good content validity. The translated Gujarati questionnaire was a simple and reliable tool for diagnosing sarcopenia in daily clinical practice in older individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meaning in life (MIL) has been widely recognized as a hallmark of psychological well-being and positive youth development. The goal of this study was to validate the Korean version of the Meaning in Life in Children Questionnaire (K-MIL-CQ) utilizing the framework suggested by the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Data were obtained from 277 fifth graders aged 10–11 in three elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi through a paperand- pencil survey (55.2% boys). We translated the MIL-CQ, a 21-item selfreport measure developed based on Frankl’s “meaning triangle,” into Korean. Psychological well-being measures were also assessed. Validity and reliability data were collected. (1) The content of domains and items was appropriate for measuring MIL among children. (2) A three-factor model consisting of attitude, creativity, and experience pathways was extracted via exploratory factor analysis, and a three-factor hierarchical model including attitude, creativity, and experience as first-order factors and MIL as a second-order factor was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis. (3) Higher levels of MIL were related to higher levels of satisfaction with life, self-esteem, positive affectivity, and lower levels of negative affectivity. (4) All item fit statistics were acceptable based on the Rasch model. (5) The analysis of the measurement invariance of each item showed that the responses to one item varied by gender, suggesting that additional items might facilitate better measurement of MIL in children. This study provides validity and reliability evidence that K-MIL-CQ is appropriate for measuring MIL among South Korean elementary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]